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UNIT 1: COMPUTER USES Task We use computers in many different places In groups, make a list of places where we can find computer documents Try to say what the documents are, and what they are used for Task Match these words (1 -8 ) to the correct locations ( a- d) games a a factory machinesđộng b a supermarket tickets vé c a travel agent wageslương d a home fightý chí letters barcode readersmáy đọc mã vạch tillsngăn kéo READING: COMPUTERS IN EVERYDAY LIFE Computers are parts of our everyday lives They have an effect(kết quả) on almost(hầu như) everything you When you buy groceries(hàng tập hóa) at a supermarket, a computer is used with laser and barcode technology to scan the price(giá) of each(mỗi) item(khoản) and present a total Barcoding items (clothes, food, and books) requires a computer to generate the barcode labels and maintain the inventory Most television advertisements and many films use graphics produced by a computer In hospitals, beside terminals connected to the hospital’s main computer allow doctors to type in orders for blood tests and to schedule operations Banks use computers to look after their customers’money In libraries and bookshops, computers can help you to find the book you want as quickly as possible Task Tick ( + ) the computer uses mentioned in the above article home - art hospitals - banking engineering - libraries shopping - film-making television advertising - schools Language work: Articles ( with countable and uncountable nouns) Language work: Articles ( with countable and uncountable nouns) Study these nouns a supermarket technology a computer supermarket and computer are countable nouns money We say a supermarket and supermarkets Technology and money are uncountable nouns They have no pluaral and you cannot use them with a or an Study this paragraph Computers have many uses In shops a computer scans the price of each item Then the computer calculates the total cost of all the items - We use a plural noun with no article, or an uncountable noun when we talk about thing Ex: Computers have many uses Information technology is popular - We use a / an when we mention a countable noun for the first time - When we mention the same noun again, we use the - We use the with countable and uncountable nouns to refer to specific things Ex: The price of each item The total cost of all the items The speed of this computer Task Here are some common nouns in computing Divide them into countable and uncountable nouns capacity data device disk drive memory monitor mouse software 10 speed Task Fill in the gaps in this paragraph with a/ an or the where necessary The Walsh family have _ computer at home Their son uses _computer to help with homework and to play _computer games Their student daughter uses computer for _ projects and for email All family use it to get _information from Internet Task Match the places in column A with the computer uses in column B A Banks Factories Homes Hospitals Shops B Control machines Calculate Look after, patient records and medicines Provide entertainments and information Control our money Task Now fill in the gaps in this paragraph about computer uses Computers are now part of our everyday life In shops, they ……………… In factories, they……………………… .In …………………… they look after patient records and medicines When we have a bank account, a computer …………………… In our homes computers …………………… Reading comprehension USES OF COMPUTER TECHNOLOGY Computer technology is now seen in almost every activity In addition to its extensive use in research and control systems of all types, it is exploited in education and training, police and intelligence, medical diagnostic, weather forecast… It is changing our world from a natural-based economy to an informative-based economy In business, computers are programmed to bill customers, take inventory, pay employees, help with managerial decision…They can replace people in dull, routine tasks and enable “office automation” but they have no originality: they work under instructions given to them by programmers They have no intuition and no creation, i.e they can only proceed as they have been programmed to Further reading COMPUTER APPLICATIONS(ứng dụng) - Computer can help students perform(hoàn thành) mathematical(chính xác) operations(hoạt động) and solve(giải quyết) difficulty questions They can be used to teach courses(tiến trình) such as computer- aided design (CADthiết kế máy tính), language learning, programming, mathematics,….etc PCs (personal(cá nhân) computers) are also used for administrative(hành chính) purposes(mục đích): for example, schools use databases and word processors(xử lí số liệu) to keep(giữ lại) record(hồ sơ) of students, teacher and material… - Bank use computer to look after client’s money Computer also helps staff(nhân viên) to access(truy cập) large(rộng lớn) database and carry(mang đi) out financial(hành chính) transaction(giao dịch) at high speed(nhanh chóng) They also control(điền khiển) the automatic(tự động) cash(tiên mặt) dispensers(phân phối) which, by the use of a personal coded(mật mã) card, dispense(phân phát) money to clients(khách hàng) - In business(buôn bán), computers support(chịu) a lot for management(điều khiển) to make report(báo cáo), presentation(sự trình bày), plan(bản đồ) budget(ngân quỹ) and to have an overview(tổng wan) of revenue(ngân khố quốc gia) and expenditure(khoản chi tiêu) of the entities(thực thể) Accountants(kế toán viên) also use computer to record(hồ sơ) accounting(kt) and prepare(chuẩn bị) the salary(tiền lương) for staffs(nv) as well as related(gắn liền) operations(hoat động) - Airline pilots(phi công hàng không) use computer to help them control(điên khiển) the plane For examples, monitors(trường hợp) display(hiện thị) data about fuel(nhiên liệu) consumption(tiêu thụ) and weather conditions(đk) In airport(sân bay) control towers(vọt lên), computers are used to manage(quản lí) radar systems and regulate(điền chỉnh) air(kk) traffic(sự chuyển động) On the ground(mặt đất), airlines(hệ thống vận chuyển hành khách&hh may bay) are connected to travel agencies(tác dụng) by computer Travel agents use computers to find out about the availability(tiện ích) of flights(chuyến bay), price(giá), and times, stopovers(chỗ dùng chân) and many other details(sự kiện) UNIT 2: TYPES OF COMPUTER Task Match these names to the different types of computer mainframe laptop notebook handheld 5.PC minicomputer Task Study these details of different types of computer Find the answers to these questions Which type of computers is: the most common? small enough for a pocket? the most common portable? used by many people at the same time? used like mainfraimes? also called a handheld computer? the most powerful? not suitable for a lot of typing? Types of computer Mainframes Minicomputers Microcomputers or Personal computers (PCs) Types of portable Laptop Notes Large, powerful, expensive Multi-user systems- used by many people at the same time Used for processing very large amounts of data The most powerful mainframes are called supercomputers Used like mainframes Not as big, powerful, or expensive as mainframes Less common now because microcomputers have improved The most common type of computer Smaller, cheaper, and less powerfull than mainframes and minicomputers Notes About the size of a small typerwriter Notebook Subnotebook Handheld and Palmtop Less common now because smaller and lighter portable are available About size of a piece of writing paper The most common type of portable Not quite as big as notebooks Can fit into a jacket pocket Small enough to fit into the palm of one hand Not easy to type with because of their size Often used as personal organizes Task In pairs, decide what sort of computer is best for each of these users John Wilmott is a salesperson and he spends a lot of time visiting customers He wants a computer to carry with him so he can access data about his customers and record his sales Pat Nye is a personnel officer She needs a computer to keep staff records and to keep a diary of appointments She also needs a computer for writing letters The University of the North needs a computer to look after its accounts, its network, the records of all student and staff and to help with scientific research The James family want a computer for entertainment writing letters, the Internet, and for calculating tax Language work: Comparisons Equal comparisons Comparatives Superlatives Task Choose the correct adjective Then fill in the gaps with the correct form of the adjective a Laptops are ……………………… than desktop computers but ……………… than notebooks (light / heavy) b The mainframe is the …………………….type of computer A minicomputer is the …………………….than a microcomputer (lagre / small) c Personal computers are ……………………….than mainframes but mainframes are …………………… than personal computers at processing very lame amount of data ( common / good) d Minicomputers are …………………………… than mainframes but they are also……………………… (powerful / expensive) e New computers are ……………………and sometimes ………………………… than older machines (fast / cheap) f Laptops are often ………………………than PCs but thay are not as ……………………………………… ( powerful / expensive) Task Put the words in brackets into the correct form to make an accurate description of sizes of computers There are different types of computer The (large) …………………….and (powerful)2………………………….are mainframe computers Minicomputers are (small) 3……………………… than mainframes but they are stlii very powerful Microcomputers are small enough to sit on a desk They are the (common) …………………….type of computer They are usually (powerful) 5………………………….than minicomputers Portable computers are (small) 6……………………… than desktop The (lagre) 7…………………portable is a laptop (Small) 8…………………….portables, about size of a piece of writing paper, are called notebook computers Subnotebooks are (small)9………………….than notebooks You can hold the (small) 10 ………………… computers in one hand They are called handheld computers or palmtop computers Reading Comprehension THE COMPUTER INDUSTRY Information processing The computer technology INFORMATICS is a study of the ways of processing information by the use of a computer machine The processing of information includes the collection of instruction (or programs) and inputs ( or data), and the manipulation, storage, retrieval and communication of data The processing of data is carried out by: - Hardware industry, or business that designs, manufactures, or repairs the physical, electronical and electromechanical parts of computer sets - Software industry, of business that provide programs to direct the processing of data by coordinating the activities of the hardware * Note: Firmware is only the system software that is stored inside the computer ROM Do not confound this with any computer industry UNIT : KEYBOARD AND MOUSE Task Match these key abbreviations with their full names Esc Alt Ctrl Pgup Pgdn Ins Del a Alternate b Page up c Delete d Insert e Page down f Escape g Control Task Read the text THE MOUSE The computer mouse is a hand-operated device that lets you control more easily the location of the pointer on your screen You can make selections and choices with the mouse button The mouse contains a rubber-coated ball that rests on the surface of your working area or a mousemat When the mouse is moves over that surface, the ball rolls The ball’s movements up and down, and left and right, turn the two axles inside the mouse As they turn, detectors register the changing position A small integrated circuit inside the mouse sends signals to the operating system, which instructs it to move the pointer on your screen Complete the sentences a Move the mouse to the left and the cursor moves to the …………………… b The mouse contains a rolling ……………………… c There are ……………………….axles inside the mouse and two interrupter wheels d When you move the mouse, the ball……………………… e The mouse moves over a …………………… Language work: The simple present tense ( We use the present simple to describe things which are always true.) Task : Match each word from column A (1-8 ) with its partner from column B ( a- h ) to make a computing term A B memory a code power b key function c drive expansion d supply bar e ccard floppy f chip 7 disk cache g memory h disk Task : Read and translate the following passage into Vietnamese Some definitions Most computers have a Graphical User Interface The interface is the connection between the user and the computer The most common type of GUI uses a WIMP system WIMP stands for Window, Icon, Menu (or Mouse) Pointer ( or Pull-down/ Pop-up menu) Windows A window is an area of the computer screen, where you can see the contents of a folder, a file, or a program Some systems allow several windows on the screen at the same time and windows can overlap each other The window on the top is the one which is “active”, the one in use Icons are small pictures on the screen The represent programs, folders, or files For example, the Recycle Bin icon represents a program for deleting and restoring files Most systems have a special area of the screen on which icons appear Menus give the users a list of choices You operate the menu by pressing and releasing one or more buttons on the mouse The pointer is the arrow you use to select icons or to choose options from a menu Then you click a button on the mouse to use the object selected by the pointer Reading Comprehension INFORMATICS in ENINEERING TASKS By late 1970’s, the US auto industry got into CAD/CAM in a big way Ford has 1200 CAD/ CAM work-stations at its engineering facilities worldwide The company also has a $14 million Cray supercomputer which is used for research But it is also used by the engineering stafffor aerodynamic studies, NVH ( noise, vibration, harshness) improvements, emission studies, and ride and handling evaluations Ford has developed its own CAD/ CAM software and Prime hold exclusive marketing rights It takes about three months for someone to learn to use CAD /CAM as well as paperand-pen drafting methods But CAD / CAM can produce a three-to-one productivity gain Its goal is to eliminate 60 % of the design steps needed to make a car Ford’s old design methods involved making clay models from stylists’drawings Then wooden templates were made off the clay model, and detailed drawings were made off the templates With its CAD / CAM operations, however, Ford has computerized most of their hand work A full size drawing of a car is put up on a wall in a design studio which depicts a 2-D front, rear and side views, and the outline of these views are traced with a reflective tape The tape is optically scanned and acomputer transforms this image into a 3-D wire grid display on a CAD / CAM screen The computer then help with the milling of a full scale clay model The Cray has been put to use extensively in FEA ( finite element analysis ) It enables engineers to anticipate where annoying noises may crop up By simulating certain road conditions, they can use FEA to compute which panels will vibrate and cause noise UNIT INPUT DEVICES Task Match these pictures of input devices with their names - joystick - barcode reader - graphics tablet - digital camera - trackerball - scanner - touchscreen - microphone Task Each test describes one of these devices: trackerball, yoystick, lightpen, scanner Identify the device each text describes Write your answers in this table Then compare your answers with other students Text Device ………………………………………… ………………………………………… ………………………………………… ………………………………………… A ………………………is another input device you can connect to a computer system The …………… is able to move in eight directions …………………….s are mostly used in computer games to control the way a picture on the screen moves Sometimes two …………………s are connected to a computer so two people can play the game at the same time A ………………… works in exactly the same way as a mouse except that the ball is on the top The user rolls the ball around with her hand to operate it If you use a …………………… , you don’t need any extra space on your desk to move it around (like you with a mouse) ………………… s are often used on small portable computers and on some video game machine A ………………… can be used to draw pictures directly on a computer screen or to read the pattern on a barcode A …………………… that can read barcodes detects the difference between the light reflected from a black barcode line and its lighter background Using a ……………… , you can input printed drawings, photographs, or text directly into a computer A ………………… works like a photocopier – a light is shone on the material and the ………………… detects the reflected light You can use a ……………… with optical character recognition (OCR) software to input the scanned text into a word processing package Task Match the device ( –7 ) with its use (a – g) A Device Joystick lightpen scanner digital camera mouse keyboard microphone B Use a draw pictures on to a computer screen b copy documents c input sound d input text e select from a menu f move the cursor rapidly g produce photos without film Language work : Function We can describe the function or use of a device in different ways Study these examples Joysticks are used in computer games Using a scanner, you can input printed drawings directly into a computer You can use a scanner to input text A microphone is used for inputting sound Task Describe the use of each device in a sentence Use these structures from the language work section ………….is / are used in ………… ………….is / are used for ………….- ing Using ………… you can ……… You can use …………………… to Example: You use a mouse to select from a menu Task In groups, decide which input device is best for : controlling fast-moving objects in a game reading the price of things in a shop 10 making copies of a page of text and graphics storing sounds on a computer producing pictures of people and places for storing in a computer controlling a computer using speech typing text into a computer Reading Comprehension Types of error System errors affect the computer or its peripherals For example, you might have written a program which needs access to a printer If there is no printer present when you run the program the computer will produce a system error message Sometimes a system error makes the computer stop working altogether and you will have to restart the computer A sensible way of avoiding system errors is to write code to check that peripherals are present before any data is sent to it Then the computer would warn you by a simple message on the screen, like “ printer is not ready or available” Syntax errors are mistakes in the programming language (like typing PRNIT instead of PRINT) Syntax errors cause the program to fail Some translator programs won’t accept any line that has syntax errors Some only report a syntax error when they run the program Some languages also contain speacil commands such as debug, which will report structuarl errors in a program The programming manual for the particular language you’re using will give details of what each error message means Logic errors are much more difficult to detect than syntax errors This is because a program containing logic errors will run, but it won’t properly For example, you might write a program to clear the screen and then print “hello” Here is a code for this: 10// Message 30 CLS 20 PRINT “Hello” 40 END The code has a logic error in it, but the syntax is right so it will run You cab get rid of logic errore from simple programs by handtesting or doing a” dry run” which means working through each line of the program on paper to make sure it does what you want it to You should this long before you type in the code 11 UNIT OUTPUT DEVICES Task Think about a typical workstation Match the items (1 –7 ) to the guidelines (a –g) keyboard monitor screen lamp copyholder chair footrest a This should be adjustable and provide good back support b This should be more than a metre away from you and as quiet as possible c Keep this level with your eyes Don’t have it level with the desk Make sure it is flicker- free, and that you can read everything easily Avoid any glare from the window d Use this if your feet not rest flat on the floor e Make sure this lights your work and not screen f Don’t get stiff neck Use this when you enter a lot of data g Keep this directly in front of you and within easy reach Task Work in groups Look at the table Type Dotmatrix Inkjet Laser Print quality Low Speed Running cost Cheap Noise level Price Colour No Relative slow A bit more Expensice quiet Exchange information with other students in your group to complete the table for all three kinds of printer Ask questions like these What’s the print quality like? How fast is it? Does it cost a lot to run? How noisy is it? Is it expensive? 12 Reading: HOW TO READ A MONITOR AD Study this text about monitors Price The price mainly depends on the screen size Common monitor sizes are 14-inch, 15inch, 17- inch, and 21-inch The price also depends on aperture grill pitch, resolution, and the number of controls Screen size The size of the screen is the diagonal distance from one corner to another The actual area for images is smaller than this Aperture grill pitch This controls the space between the dots which make up the image The less space between the dots, the better the display Most monitors offer 0.28mm dot pitch but some go as high as 0.31 mm or as low as 0.25 Maximum resolution The quality of the display depends on the number of dots which make up the image The more dots, the better the display Refresh rate The monitor refreshes the image on the screen all the time The faster this happens, the less the screen flickers You should have a refresh rate of at least 72 Hz Safety standards These are international standards to control harmful signals Power –saving feature The power the monitor uses automatically reduces when it is not in use On-screen menu Digital controls on the screen allow you to adjust the image Comprehension check: Are these sentences true or false Give reasons for your answers Twenty- two inches is a common monitor size A dot pitch of 0,31 mm is better than one of 0,25 mm A maximum resolution of 1600 x 1200 is better than 1280 x1024 A refresh rate of 85 Hz is better than 75 Hz A 17-inch monitor is 17 inches wide You can change the picture using controls on the screen The price of a monitor depends only on the size The monitor uses less power because of the Power- Saver feature Language work: Giving advice You can advise people in different ways Sutdy examples: Advising people to something: Why don’t you buy an inkjet? (I think) you should buy a laser Advising people not to something: Don’t buy a dot matrix You shouldn’t buy a laser 13 To make your advice more effective, add a reason Advice Reason Why don’t you buy an inkjet? They’re very quiet Why don’t you buy an inkjet? The print quality is excellent Don’t buy a dot matrix They’re very noisy You shouldn’t buy a laser They’re very expensive We use too to make our advice stronger, almost a warning Study examples You should adjust your monitor It’s too bright You should move your printer It’s too close Reading Comprehension INFORMATICS in SECRETARIAL TASKS By late 1960s, the use of computerized typerwriters to automate the typing works is developed in offices and is known as WP, of Work processing This automated typerwriter is a word processor WP is directed by a word processing software installed inside a word processing machine or a digital computer The typing text can be viewed as it is writen on an alpha-numeric display for editing and revision before it is printed out This facilitates the writing task and save time for other office works The data of the writen documents are stored in a place inside the processing machine, known as memory, for reference, reuse, or later revision to be transmitted over a modem tho other word processors or office computers Word processing programs commonly used in Vietnam in the years of 1990s are VNI and Microsoft Word for Windows 14 UNIT STORAGE DEVICES Task1 Study these rules for CD-ROM and floppy disk care Tick (γ ) things to and cross (x) things not to ……… Hold a CD-ROM by the edges ……… Keep the optical / silver side of a CD-ROM clean …… Smoke when you use CD-ROM drive …… Put sloppy disks near a magnet …… Keep disks away from the sun and excessive heat …… Write the contents on the label on your floppy disk …… Put extra labels on floppy disks …… Remove by force a disk stuck in the drive …… Remove a disk when thi drive light is on Task Read the text below A Most computers can use floppy disks Floppies conform to a standard and you can use them to carry data from one place to another They are also very cheap, but they are slow and have limited capacity B All most desktop computers have hard disks They are fast and an store much greater amounts of data than floppies, but they are fixxed inside the computer and you cannot use them to transfer data C You can move data from place to place using removable hard disks and also have high capacities, but they are relative expensive They not all conform to one standard and they are not very common D CD-ROM disks are very common and conform to a standard Thet are removable and can hold large amounts of data They are also cheap to make However, they are usually read-only You cannot change the information on them They are also slow compared to hard disks E Magneto-optical disks are like CD-ROMs, but you can write data on them They are removable, have large capacities, and last for a long time, but they are expensive and not all conform to one standard For this reason they are not very common F Magnetic tape is cheap medium You can use it to store very large amounts of data, but it does not allow random access Every time you read or write a piece of data, you start at the beginning of the tape Tape drives are slow Therefore, it is only suitable for doing backups Workgroup Read the text again and complete your selections of the table Medium Floppy disk Fixed hard disk Removable hard disk CD-ROM disk Magneto-optical disk Advantages 15 Disadvantages Magnetic tape Now exchange information with the other students in your group to complete all the sections of the table Ask questions like these What are the advantages of floppy disks? What are the disadvantages of magnetic tape? Do CD-ROMs conform to a standard? Language work: Linking words Study examples Magnetic tape is cheap, but it is very slow because tape drives are slow, so we use it only for backups We use but to show a contrast, because to show that the next idea is a reason, and so to show a result Other words and phrases used in this way are: however (contrast), therefore (result), and for this reason (result) Magnetic tape is cheap However, it is slow to use Magnetic tape is slow Therefore, we use it only for backups Magnetic tape is slow For this reason, we use it only for backups Task Fill in the gaps in this summary of storage devices using the correct words in the box But however because so Therefore for this reason Floppies are very cheap, 1………………… they are slow and have a limited capacity Hard disks are fast and can store large amounts of data 2…………………… they are fixed inside the computer, …………………… you cannot use them to transfer data You can transfer data with remove hard disks, ……………… they are very expensive CD-ROM disks can hold quite large amounts of data, …………………… , they are usually read-only ……………… you cannot change the information on them Magnetoopical disks are like CD-ROMs …………… you can write data on to them They are removable and have large capacities, 8……………………… they are expensive and not conform to a standard 9……………… they are not very common Magnetic tape is cheap and has a large capacity, 10 …………………… It does not allow random access and drives are slow 11 ………… it is only suitable for backups Task Study this description of one method of backing up your files Work in pairs to complete the table and answer the questions Establishing a comprehensive backup regime Buy 10 tapes and label them Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, Friday1, Friday 2, Friday 3, Month1, Month 2, Month For the first week, back up everything on each day to the appropriately named tape, and on Friday, use Friday In week 2, the same but use Friday 2, and in week use Friday 16 In week 4, exactly the same, but on Friday use Month Do the same for the next two months, but on the last Friday of each month, use Month nad Month Then start the whole cycle again With ten tapes, at any point in time you have ful daily backups for the last week, full weekly backups for the last month, and full monthly backups for the last three months Fill in the gaps in this table Tape Label Monday Tape 10 Wednesday Which tape you use on these day? Friday, Week 2 Friday, Week Thursday, Week Monday, Week Friday, Week 17 Label Friday2 Month Reading Comprehension DATA PROCESSING AND DATABASE The data processing is performed by a computer, programmers and operators The functions of the computer are to performoperations as they are programmed to, and to make the results of these operations accessible to computer users The functions of programmers are to prepare, test, and document computer programs We may say, the computer capablities are limited only to the imagination of the programmers only The functions of computer operators are to feed data into the computer for being processed An approach used by operators in data processing is structuring and organizing the data so as to make them useful to every one who wants to use them.This process is called database management 18 UNIT NETWORKS Task1 Study this example of a local area network (LAN) Answer these questions Who are the users? What kind of hardware is used? What the doctors use it for? What the receptionists use it for? What does the practice manager use it for Task work in pairs List some places where you might find a local area network Task Read the text and then answer the questions WHAT IS A NETWORK? A network is simply two or more computers linked together It allows users to share not only data files and software applications, but also hardware like printers and other computer resources such as fax Most networks link computers within limited area – within a department, an office, or a building These are called Local Area Networks, or LANs But networks can link computers across the world, so you can share information with someone on the other side of the world as easily as sharing with aperson at the next desk When networks are linked together this way, they are called Wide Area Networks, or WANs 19 Net works increase productivity by allowing workers to share information easily without printing, copying, telephoning, or posting They also save money by sharing peripherals such as printers Questions: What is network? What are its hardware components What is the difference between a local area network and a wide area network? What advantages you think networks have? Language work: Predicting consequences Example: The cable fails The whole network will fail (action) (consequence) If the cable fails, the whole network will fail If you don’t use the right password, you won’t get access to the network Note: The action is in the Present Simple, and the consequence in the Simple future Task Link each action (1 – 10 ) with a suitable consequence ( a – j ) Example: If you place a floppy disk near a magnet, you will destroy the data you place a floppy disk near a magnet a the cursor moves to the left You press Print Screen b The computer hangs you input the correct password c it is not lost when you switch off you add memory to a computer d you damage the drive you move the mouse to the left e you copy the screen you store data in RAM f you have access to the network you use a faster modem g you destroy the data there is a memory fault h it runs faster you press the arrow key i your phone bill are lower 10 you move a CD-ROM drive with the j the cursor moves across disk in place Task A Answer the questions: What is a LAN? What is a WAN? B Before reading the text below, match these words and phrases with their definitions protocol bulletin board user interface make a query parse synchronous a analyze the syntax of a string of input symbols b teleconferencing system allowing users to read messages left by other users c agreement governing the procedures used to exchange information between co-operating computers d means of communication between a human user and a computer system e taking place at exactly the same time as something else f request a search 20 C Read quickly through the text belo, and then match each paragraph with the appropriate summary Network uses, past and present How distributed systems work Networks and the future What networks are and how they operate The growth of networks, past and present Reading Comprehension COMPUTER NET WORKS Computer networks link computers by communication lines and software protocols, allowing data to be exchanged rapidly and reliable Traditionally, networks have been split between wide area networks ( WANs) and local area networks (LANs ) A WAN is a network connected over long-distance telephone lines, and a LAN is localized network usually in one building or a group of buildings close together The distinction, however, is becoming blurred It is now possible to connect up LANs remotely over telephone links so that they look as through they are a single LAN Originally, networks were used to provide terminal access to another computer and to transfer files between computers Today networks carry e-mail, provide access to public debased and bulletin board, and are beginning to be used for distributed systems Networks also allow users in one locality to share expensive resources, such as printers and disk-systems Distributed computer systems are built using networked computers that co-operate to perform tasks In this environment each part of the networked system does what it is best at The high – quality bit – mapped graphics screen of a personal computer of workstation provides a good user interface The mainframe, on the other hand, can handle large numbers of queries and return the results to the users In a distributed environment, a user might use his PC to make a query against a central database The PC passes the query, written in a special language (e.g Structured Query Language – SQL ) to the mainframe, which then passes the query, returning to the user only the data requested The user might the use his PC to draw graphs based on the data By passing back to the user’s PC only the specific information requested, network traffic is reduced If the whole file were transmitted, the PC would then have to perform the query itself, reducing the efficiency of both network and PC In the 1980s, at least 100,000 LANs were set up in laboratories and offices around the world During the early part of this decade, synchronous orbit satellites lowered the price of long-distance telephone calls enabling computer data and television signals to be distributed more cheaply around the world Since then, fiber-optic cable has bee installed on a large scale, enabling vast amounts of data to be transmitted at a very high speed using light signals The impact of fiber optics will be considerably to reduce the price of network access Global communication and computer networks will become more and more a part of professional and personalizes as the prices of microcomputers and network access 21 drops At the same time, distributed computer networks should improve our work environments and technical abilities 22 [...]... workers to share information easily without printing, copying, telephoning, or posting They also save money by sharing peripherals such as printers Questions: 1 What is network? 2 What are its hardware components 3 What is the difference between a local area network and a wide area network? 4 What advantages do you think networks have? Language work: Predicting consequences Example: The cable fails The... word processing software installed inside a word processing machine or a digital computer The typing text can be viewed as it is writen on an alpha-numeric display for editing and revision before it is printed out This facilitates the writing task and save time for other office works The data of the writen documents are stored in a place inside the processing machine, known as memory, for reference, reuse,... these words and phrases with their definitions 1 protocol 2 bulletin board 3 user interface 4 make a query 5 parse 6 synchronous a analyze the syntax of a string of input symbols b teleconferencing system allowing users to read messages left by other users c agreement governing the procedures used to exchange information between co-operating computers d means of communication between a human user and... buildings close together The distinction, however, is becoming blurred It is now possible to connect up LANs remotely over telephone links so that they look as through they are a single LAN Originally, networks were used to provide terminal access to another computer and to transfer files between computers Today networks carry e-mail, provide access to public debased and bulletin board, and are beginning... is a code for this: 10// Message 30 CLS 20 PRINT “Hello” 40 END The code has a logic error in it, but the syntax is right so it will run You cab get rid of logic errore from simple programs by handtesting or doing a” dry run” which means working through each line of the program on paper to make sure it does what you want it to do You should do this long before you type in the code 11 UNIT 5 OUTPUT ... computer to record(hồ sơ) accounting(kt) and prepare(chuẩn bị) the salary(tiền lương) for staffs(nv) as well as related(gắn liền) operations(hoat động) - Airline pilots(phi công hàng không) use computer... scientific research The James family want a computer for entertainment writing letters, the Internet, and for calculating tax Language work: Comparisons Equal comparisons Comparatives Superlatives... CAM software and Prime hold exclusive marketing rights It takes about three months for someone to learn to use CAD /CAM as well as paperand-pen drafting methods But CAD / CAM can produce a three-to-one