Sử dụng các tình huống giao tiếp để hình thành khả năng nói cho sinh viên nga ngữ

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HHOCTDAHHOTO

Kou: 60.14.10

XaHoli - 2008

TRƯỜNG ĐẠI HỌC NGOẠI NGỮ KHOA SAU ĐẠI HỌC RRR

BUI THI THANH VAN

SU DUNG CAC TINH HUONG GIAO TIEP DE HINH THANH KHA

NĂNG NÓI CHO SINH VIÊN NGA NGỮ

HCIIOJIbB3OBAHHE KOMMYHHKATHBHEIX CHTYAIIHH J1

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Luận văn thạc sỹ Chuyên ngành: Lí luận và phương pháp giảng dạy tiếng Nga

Mã số: 60.14.10

Người hướng dẫn khoa học:

Giáo sư, tiến sĩ DƯƠNG ĐỨC NIỆM

Hà Nội - 2008

Mena 30Byt byt Txu IxaHb Ban, s HIO/[TB€D?X/I2EO, HTO /I3HHA11 /IHCC€DTAIIHS HAïWCAHa

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6 Cumyamuenble ynpascHenua, noporcdarowue nobydumenonole peuesoie Oeuicmeun

6 Cumyamuenole ynpasicnenua, noposcdarowue coobwarowue peuesole Oelicmeun

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B sto HayqHOl paạOTẠ MBI HCIIOJIb3VẠM C/IẠ7YIOIIHẠ MẠTO/IBI HCCJIẠIOBAHHM1:

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€#T€JTEHOCTHOTO, HJI KOMMHHKATHBHO-JI€5T€JISHOCTHOTO) IO/IXO/32 K OỐYyH€HHEO, KOTODHIl

B HAIIH HH DACCMATPHBA3€TCW B KAH€CTB€ T€ODGTHH€CKOl 6a3bI MOCTpOeHHA CHCT€MEI OỐYy€HH1 DYCCKOMV #3BIKY,

OcHOBBI 3TOTO IIO/XO/I1A ỐbLIH 34J103K€HEI B IcHXOJIOTHH paØoTaMH C.JI PyÕØWHIITe€lHA,

A.H JleoHTbeBa, V[.A 3MHe€l, W B HACTO5III€€ BD€M1 IIOJTYWWUJIM IDAKTHH€CKVEO D€3JIH34I1MEO

B p4/71€ yq€ÕHHKOB WH CâMOM VW€ỐHOM IDOII€CC€

TaKOl HOTIXOI, ID€XKJIC BCCTO, O3H3HAGT, HTO B HCHID€ OỐYHCHH1 HAXO/JHTCS VHaIIHĂC KaK CYỐb€KT yH€ÕHOl €4ST€/IbHOCTH, a 3T0, B CBOFO O4€D€/Ib, ID€/IHIO.IATA€T, 1TO Il@Ib 3aHATHM uw CHIOCOỐBI €Ẻ /IOCTWMAK€HHWS /IOJDKHBI OIID€JHIGJISTbCS C€ HO3HHHH CâMOTO VHAHI€TOCI H3 OCHOB€ y4éTa ero MHT€D€COB HM HHIHBHHAYA/IbBHBIX OCOỐ€HHOCT€Ă“ — IOTP€ỐHOCTCÍI, MOTHBOB, CHIOCOỐHOCT€Ă,

TakuM OỐPA43OM, CHCT€MA OỐYWH€HHT Cc HO3HHHH KOMMYHHKATHBHO- HH/IHBHJIVA1IM3MDOBAHHOFTO IO/IXO/3 HID€G/IIO/I4FTA€T MâKCHMAJIbHHIÍ VHẺT MH/IHBH/LV3/IbHO- IICHXOJIOTHH€CKHX, BO3DACTHBIX H H3IHOHAđJIbHEIX OCOỐ€HHOCT€Í JINHHHOCTH OỐYHAIOII€TOCS,

TO IDH IDYTHX I0/IXO/IAX K OỐYH€HHIO 1AaCTO H€/IOOIICHHBAJTOCE

BTOPpẫ OCOỐGHHOCTE H233B3HHOTO IOJIXO/I3 — /I€ST€IBHHIÍ xapakTep o6yueHna, KOTODPII 3AK/IOHACTCI B ODT2HH32IHW YH€ỐHOTO IDOIH€CCA KAaK yH€ỐHOI AeaATeILHOCTH, HAIDABI€HHOĂ H3 IHOCTAHOBKY M DC€HICHHC YVHAHIIMCS KOHKpeTHOM yueOHO 32HAHH, J[DyTHMHM CJIOBAMH, OỐb€KTOM OỐYH€HH4 /IOJ2KHA ỐBITb D€H€BA4 /I€ST€/JIbHOCTE B TAKHX €Ẻ BH/1AX, KâaK âY/IIDOBAHHe, TOBOD€HHC, 1TCHH€ H IIHCEMO

KOMMYHHKATHBHO-HHJIHBH,/IYAJH3NDOB3AHHHIÍ IHOIXOI K OỐYHCHHIO ODHCHTHDYCT 3aHATHA IIO #3BIKY Hâ OỐYH€HH€ OỐII€HHIO, HCHOJIbB3OB3HWHC 3bIK4 © H€IbBIO OỐM€HA MPICJEIMH, IICD€IAHHM H IDHƯMA WH(ÙODMAHMH j/ÏJI 3TOTO H€DBOCTCI€HHO€ BHHMAHH€

Y7€/IIGTC1 CO3/1AHHIO H HO/IIED2KAHWIO MOTpeOHOcTH B OOMeHHM yualMxca HM YCBOCHHH C© €TO IOMOIIEIO IDO(€CCHOH3JIEHO 3HAqHMOÍ W ID€/JCTAB.IIIOII€Ă OỐIHI€KYJIETYDHYIO II€HHOCTE

HHODMAHHH

KOMMYHHKATHBHO-HHHBH/IYAJIMH3HDOBAHHH HOHIXOI €AIM3V€T OCHOBHBI€ TD€ỐOBAHHM1 K COBD€CM€HHOMY IDOIHCCY: KOMMYHHKATHBHO€ IOB€JICHH€ ID€IO/IA3BAT€/HI, €TO HH/IWBH7IVA1IN3MWPOBAHHO€ IIOB€/I€HW€ Ha YDOK€, HCIIO/Ib30BAHH€ YIIDA)KH€HHĂ, MAKCWMA/IbHO BOCCO37AIOHIH€Cđ 3HAHWMEI€ 71 Y4AHIHXCHE CHTYAIIH OỐII€HH, II24D3/UI6/IbHO€ YCBOCHH€

TDaMMATHW€CKOĂ (ODMEBI H €Ẻ (ÙYyHKHMWM B HH, YVHÊT HH/[HBH/JIYAJIbHbBIX OCOỐCHHOCT€GĂ

VHAII€TOCã IDH B€/YHI€f DOJI ero JIHHHOTO ACI€KTA CHTYATHBHOCTb IDOI€CCa OỐyq€HH4 DACCMATDHMBA€TCä H KâK CIOCOỐ CTHMYJIHDOBAHH% D€HCBOH J€ST€GJIBHOCTH, W KâK ÿCJIOBH€

D23BHTH1 D€J€BBIX YM€HHĂ

MeronwdecKHM CO/I€D3KAHH€M H33BAHOTO IO/IXO/IA 4BJIIOTC1 CHOCOỐBI ODTAHH34INM yieOHOH /I€4T€IEHOCTH, CBA3aHHBIC B I€DBYIO OH€P€/Đ C€ HIIDOKHM HCIOJIE3OBAHW€M

KOUUI€KTHBHHX (ODM pAƠOTBI, [CHICHHCM HDOỐI€MHbIX 33/124, paBHO-llapTHepCcKuM

COTPY/JIHWH€CTBOM M€?K/IY ID€IO/IABAT€/I€M H y4AIINHMHCĂ

CIIDaB€/UIHBO CHWHTA€TCð, ITO KOMMYHHKATHBHO-HH,IWBH7IY3)IN3MWDOBAHHBIĂ IO/XO/T K OỐYyH€HHIO OỐ€CII€HHBAGT 3KTHBW3AIIHIO BHYTD€HHHX D€3€DBOB JIIHHOCTH OỐYHAIOIIETOCS H

OIITHMH3AI{HIO ©TO yH€ƠHOÌ 1€ãT€/IbHOCTH

IlpakTwqecKO€ IDWM€H€HH€ KOMMYHHKATHBHO-HH/IHBHJIVAIH3HDOBAHHOTO IO/IXO/A

IIOKA3BIBA€T, HTO XâDAKT€DHOM H€PTOI /IAHHOTO IHIO/IXO/IA BJUICTCI KOMMYHHKATHBHOCTb,

yepe3 HIDH3MY KOTODOĂ D€IIAIOTC# BC€ CB3AHHbIC € HHM BOIIDOCbI, H KOTODA, BBIIOJIH1đ M€TO/OJIOTHH€CKYIO DOIIb, HDOHH3BIBA€T B€Cb YH€ƠHPIÌ HDOIH€CC À H€OTb€MJI€MOI H OpraHWuecKoH 4acTbIO KOMMYHHKATHBHOTO OỐYH€HH1 #BJII€TC1 HH/IHBHJYAJH3AHMđ, 6e3 KOTODOl KOMMYHWHKATWBHOCTb H€ MO?KŒT ỐbITb /IOCTHTHVTA

B KOH€HHOM CH€T€, MO?KHO CK332Tb, T0 KOMMYHHKðATHBHO-WHH/IHBH7YA)IH3NHDOBAHHhIĂ IIO/IXO7 IDH3HA€TCđ B€/YHIMM €II€ W IOTOMY HTO OH Ố33HDY€TCä HA CJI€/YEIOHHIX OCHOBHBIX IIOJIO3KCHWSX COBD€M€HHOÍ M€GTO/IIKH OỐY4€HH HHOCTDAHHbIM A3bIKaM

- KOMMYHHK8THBHAã KOMIICTGHIIH1 KAK KOH€HHA4 II€JIb OỐYH€HMH

- PewqeBoe 1€lCTBH€ KaK €HHHII3 OỐYH€HH1 H OBJ131€HHM1

- (ODVyHKHHOHA/IEHBIl IO/IXO7I K OTỐODY H Mogzaye yaeOuoro MatTepuasia

- CHTYATHBHO-T€MATHW€CKO€ IID€JICTAB.I€HH€ yqH€ÕHOTO MâT€DHA11A

- YưT CTDAHOB€HHW€CKOTO ACH€KTa

- KOHIICHIDHHCCKA5ODTAHWT3AIM yHCOHOIO MATCDHA71 W IIO3TAITHO€ ÕVW€HWC

- WiHnwBHJIya1M3a11x1 OỐyq€HM1

Tema Hamed paÕØoTHL «Mciomb30BaHwe KOMMYHHKATHBHHIX CHTYAHHĂ /UUI ODMWPOBAHHã KOMIICT€CHHHH B TOBOD€CHHH Yÿ CTY/I€HTOB-DYCHCTOB», IO3TOMY B paMKax IAHHOĂ DÃỐOTbI MBI D4CCMOTDHM CJICHVIOHIHC IIOJIO3KCHHW: 4&KOMMYHHKATHBHOCTb) H

«CHTYaTUBHOCTb»

1.2 K0oMMYHHKATHBHOCTE KAK B€TVHIA1 H/IẴ1 COBD€M€HHỌÍ MỀT0/THKH KOMMVYHHKATMBHOCTE KAK B€NYVHIA44H T€HJIEHHHMZ COBD€CM€HHỌ M€TO/HKH IP€JIYCMATDHBACT BCE BOIDOCBI, KOTODBIC /2IOT BO3MO3KHOCTb HAYHHTb YHAIHIHXCS HCIO.IB3OBATb H3ÿy4A€MBIĂ 3bIK KâK CD€JICTBO OỐIHI€HH1 W BBIDA)K€HH1 MEICJIH B D343JINHHHBIX c(epax 1€sT€/IEHOCTM

IĨon KOMMYHHKATHBHOCTbI) IOHHMA€TCS, YTO «BC€ VHCƠHBIC MATCDHAJbI H K33K/OC yieOHoe 3aHATMe /IOJDKHBI HAIDABICHBI H3 BBIDAỐOTKY Yÿ VHAHIIXCH CHOCOỐHOCTH HCIIOJIE3OBATb IIOJIYCHHBIC 3H3HHW, HABBIKH M VM€HH1 B €CTCCTBCHHOM OỐHI€HHH Hà H3yqaeMOM 43bIKe» (BepemiarwH E.M, KocroMapon B.I' crp.57, 1982)

Mo%HO CKA34Tb, HT0 KOMMYHHKATHBHOCTb KâK OCHOBOHO¿/IAT2IOIIA KaT€TODH1 HâyKH M€TO/HKH ID€/IIOJIATA€T WHCIIOJIb3OBAHH€ W3ÿdA€MOTO #3BIKA4 € CAMBIX HAHATbHBIX CTATHĂ OỐYH€HH4 B €CT€CTB€HHBIX Aa OỐHI€HHZ H€ISX M (ÙYHKHHSX WIM MAKCHMAITbHO IIDHỐTH3%X€HHBIX K HữM, HMHTHPYIOIIHX HX

KOMMYHHKATHBHOCTb IIOIHWHSGT C€Ố€ CTODOHbI ÕYH€HH — COOTHOHICHH€ 3H3HHỨ © VM€HHSMH W HABEIKAMH, BEIÕOP IDWM€POB OỐYyq€HM1, CIOCOỐ ID€IO/IH€C€HH1, CO/I€D2KAHH€

OỐØIIGOỐPA3OBAT€JIEHEBIX H BOCIMTAT€JIbHEIX 34/1A, a TaKKe Mepy H XâDAKT€P HCHO/Ib3OBAHH%

18HHBIX /IDYTHX HâyK, H MHOTO€ /IDyTO€ QỐyW€HHW€ IIOHHMAETCä KaK DA3BHTH€ IIDA3KTHW€CKHX HABEIKOB BJI3I€HHđ DYCCKHM A3bIKOM B D23/IMHHEIX KOMMYHHKATHBHBIX II€JISX, B HIDOI€CCG KOTOPOTO O/IHOBD€M€HHO VCHJIHBAGT MOTHBAIIHEO HHOCTDAHHBIX YHAIIWXC1 WM WX HHT€D€C K IID€IM€TY 4DYCCKHÍ 513bIK)

OnHOBD€MCHHO KOMMYHHK8THBHOCTb (B OTJIHHH€ OT TâK H33bIBA€MBIX HATYD3JIbHBIX, HJIM IDSMBIX, MGTO/IOB OỐYyH€HH3) ODTAHHH€CKH CB3bIBAGT D33BHTH€ H3BBIKOB H YM€HHH C T€OD€THuCCKHM OCMBICJICHHCM #3BIKOBOTO MATCDHAJ34, BBIDA3ÕATbIBA4 AJId TOTO BeCbMa MHCKYCHBI€ IDHM€PDHI ÌÏD€2K/I€ BC€TO, ID€/IIO.IATAGTCđ COÕDA3HBIl TM MJIH HHBIM YM€HHSM

M HaBbIKaM OTOOP #13BIKOBBIX #BJICHHĂ — IHOCJICIOBATGIbBHO (DYHKHHOH3JISHHIÍ HOIXOH K (aKTAM #3bIK3, OID€/G/IIIOHIHĂ CO/I€D?KAHH€ yW€ỐHOTO IIDOI€CCA, HO/IG3KAIIH€ YCBOCHHIO BH/IBI /ICIT€IbHOCTH (TOBODCHHC, C/JIYHIAHHC, 4TeHHMe MW IIHCbMO), KOJIM4CCTBCHHBIC UH KAH€CTBC€HHEI€ XADAKT€PHCTWHKH OTỐWpA€MOTO yH€ÕHOTO MâT€DHMA114

KOMMYHMKATHBHOCTbP OƠYH€HHW OIID€IGISGT BC€ CTODOHBI M€TOIHH€CKONI HM

II€IATOTHH€CKOMW /I€4T€JIbHOCTH lÏD€3KI€ BC€TO, OHA IID€/LHO/I4TA€T CO33HH€ BBICOKOH

MOTHBaIHMH OỐyqeHH4, HeOB€K TOBODHT H3 DOIHOM 53BIK€ TOI/I3, KOT/A HCHBITBIBAGT

IOTP€ỐHOCTb BBIDA3HTb MBICJIH ITU CHTYAHHH C/JICHY€T HO/UICD2KHBATb H HDH OỐYyH€HHH HHOCTDAHHOMYV 4#3HIKYV ŸK€ C€ IDBBIX 33HSTHÍ H€ÕỐXONHMO BKIIOHATE VHAIIHXCS B KTHBHVIO /ICST€IIbHOCTE ÙÏCIO/Ib3ÿ€MBI€ B IDAKTHK€ OỐYH€HH1 DYCCKOMY #3BIKY HDHÈMPI DOJI€BOTO OỐYH€HH1, HTDOBBIX CHTY8IIHĂ, MBICJIMT€GJIBHBIX 33/124 H3IIDABJI€HEI H3 IDHB€/ICHH€

B I€ÌCTBH€ MCXâHH3MA MOTHBAIIHH

COI€DXAaHW€ KOMMYHWKATHBHOCTH OỐYH€HH% OIID€NGISGTCI TPAMMATHH€CKOH IPHPOIỌ camoro oOmeHua, (ÙYHKHHOHHDOBAHHCM CHCTCMBI 3bBIKA, H@IIMH H KOMMYHHKATHBHBIMH IOTp€ỐHOCTäMH ywaImmxca LĨO3TOMY KOMMYHHKATHBHOCTE OỐYyH€HH3 COCTOHT B TOM, WTO yHAHI€MYVCã HHT€D€CHA paÕØOTa Ha YDOK€, HỐO OHA COT7JIACOBAHA € II€JIEIEO, paqu KOTOpow OH ce 3a MapTy, WTO OH HYBCTBVT HOJIB3V OT JIOỐOTO M3VH€HHOTO IID€/IO3K€HH1, CJIOBA, IA1€AKA H T.1 OH ux H3ÿHAGT H€ HIOTOMY, 4TO «TaK Hao» AA OBJI2€HH #3bIKOM, 8 IOTOMY, HTO OH MO?K€T (H XOHE€T) H€M€/UI€HHO WCIOJIb3OBATE VCBO€HH€

7/1 OCYIHI€CTBJICHM5 CBOHX IIOMEICJIOB, 3K€7IAHHH, CTD€MI€HHÍ

B npaKTHK€ KOMMYHHKATHBHOCTb KâK B€/IYHIA1 T€H/I€HHHZ COBDCM€HHOl M€TO/IKH JOJDKHa IIPOABIATECA BO BCeX 3BEHbAX YVW€ỐHOTO IDOIIECCA Á 4¥TO KacaeTCA Halllei TeMBI, TO KOMYHWKATWBHOCTE /IOJDKHA YHHTEIB4TbBCH He TOJBKO B COCTABI€HHH CHTYVATHBHHIX VIPAXH€HHĂ B OỐYH€HHH TOBOD€HHIO, HO HM HCIOJIb3OBAHHH /I3HHBIX CHTYATHBHBIX VIDAX%H€HHĂ 711 ODMHPOBAHHS KOMIICTGHIIHH B FOBOD€HHH Y CTY/I€HTOB

1.3 KOMMYHHKATHBHAW KOMI€T€HIIHW KâK I{€J1E 0Ốy€HH15

KOMMYHHKATHBHAã KOMIICT€HIIM5 OIID€JIG/IIGTCä W€D€3 IDOTHBOIIOCTABJICHW€ IOHSTHIO

‹GI3bIKOBA4 KOMIICT€HIIMS, KOTODA IOHHMA€TCS, KaK CIIOCOỐHOCTb 1€JIOB€KA IDOBGCTH Hà OCHOB€ IDHOỐDTỂHHEIX HM IDA3BHJI TDAMMATHH€CKH IIDABMJIEHBI€ ID€/UIOK€HHA Á HOJ KOMMYHHKATHBHOÌÏ KOMIIET€HIM€ÌĐ IOTID33VM€BAIOTCW BBIỐOP H D€3/M3AHH4 IDOTDAMM D€M€BOTO HOB€/ICHH1 B 33BHCHMOCTH OT CIOCOỐHOCTH W€JIOB€KA ODH€HTHDOBATbCä B TỌ HJIM HHOĂ OỐCTAHOBK€ OỐII€HH1, YM€HH€ KJIACCH(ÙHIIHDOBATb CHTYAIIHH B 34BHCHMOCTH OT T€MBI, 34/1A, KOMMYHHKATHBHBIX YCTAHOBOK, BO3HHK8IOHIHX ÿ CTY/ICHTOB /IO Ố€C€/HBI, a TaloKe BO

BD€M4 Ố€C€/IbI B IDOICCC€ B3aHMHOH a7naIiralww B paÕØoweM IIOD1/IK€ MO)KHO CHHTATb, WTO

KOMMYHHKATHBHAã KOMIIGTCHIIH — 3TO CHIOCOOHOCTE BCTYVIIATE B KOMMYHHKAIIH1O

B M€TO/IMK€ CTODOHHHKH JIHHTBHCTHI€CKOĂ ODH€HTAIHH CHHTAIOT, 4TO JIA OBIALeCHHA A3bIKOM /OCTATOHHO CODMHDOBATbP 3BIKOBVIO KOMIICTGHIMIO HHAKO HDAKTHKA IIOKA3EBIBAGT, MTO 3bBIKOB34 KOMIICTCHHHW He OỐCCI€HHBAGT BO3MO3KHOCTb 3/ICKBATHO VHACTBOBATE B OỐHICHHH C HOMOHIBIO H3ÿdA€MOTO 3BIKa Ha OID€NGIIGTCS KAK 44IIDWOỐP€T€HHO€ MHTYHTMBHOe 3HAHH€ IDABHI, KOTODO€ JI€KHT B OCHOB€ IIOCTDOGHH IJIYỐWHHBIX CTDYKTYP, ID€OỐP43Y€MBIX C€ HOMOIIbEEO C€M3HTHH€CKHX, CHHTAKCHH€CKHX,

MOPjỦO/IOTHu€CKHX MW (ÙOHO/IOTHH€CKHX IHDABHI B IHDOH€CC€ IHIODOXICHH% D€HH B TpaMMaTH4eCKH IIDABH.IEHEI€ ID€/LIO3KeHws» (tnT IaHE TxH AHb Txo, 2006, c†Tp Í 1)

Mexay s3BIKOBOM WM KOMMYHMKaTHBHOM KOMIICTCHHWMSIMH CYVULICCTBVIOT TeCHaA B3aMMOCBA3b HM B32HMO/I€ĂCTBHC KOMMYHHKATHBHA4 KOMIICTCHHH4 BKIOUaeT B ceba 43bIKOBVIO H BC€T/I3 BM€CT€ C HC BBICTYHA2IOT KAK €IHHO€ IIGIO€ B OỐyqeHHwH VÏÍ MO?KHO CKa3aTb, 4TO 3BIKOB34 KOMIET€HIIH, Wake XODOMO C{ODMHDOBAHHAđ, H€ HOMO3K€T IOCTW2K€HHIO II€JICĨ KOMMYHHKAHHH B OỐYyH€HHH 33bIKy Me3/Iy TM, KOMMYHHKATHBHAã5 KOMIICTCHHHð, WTO CHHTIA€TCđ KOHCHHOÍ HIbIO OỐYMCHHH, BICHET 33 COỐOĂ DI KAD/HHAJEHHIX M3M€H€HHĂ B IOHWMAHHH 33JIMHHBIX M€TOHH€CKUX HDOỐI€M: DOIE CHCT€MEI #3bIKA, DOIIb VHAIHIMIXCS B VH€ỐHOM IIDOIHECC€, CO/I€D2KAHH€ OỐYyH€HHM4, OTỐOP u ODTAHH3AIIH1 MAâT€DHA)1A, CHOCOỐbI ID€3€HTAIHH, TDCHHDOBKH H KOHTPO¿H

W3B©CTHO, HTO H€ TAâK HACTO BCTD€HACTC1 B ?KH3HH HHOCTD3AHGI, KOTODBIÍ VM€€T OỐIIATECã B IIIDOKOM CMEBICJI€ 3TOTO CJIOBA Hâ H3Vy1A€MOM A3bIKe Tak, KaK eTO HocwTe1m Ho B€3/I€ MO?KHO BCTDCHATE OMe, KOTOPhIe B 3ABMCHMOCTH OT CBOUX IOTD€OHOCT€, HHT€D€CA, YBIICUCHHA HCHO/IB3VIOTCH DYCCKHM A3BIKOM KaK MUHOCTPaHHBIM AA /IOCTH2K€HHS coOcTBeHHBIX Tee Hampumep, MHOrMe JOM M3YyHAIOT DYCCKHĂÍ A3bIK TOJIbKO 4TOOBI NHTATE JIHT€DATVDY HO CBOCĂ CIICIHHATbHOCTH VUIH CJIVHIATb DA/IHOH€D€HAdYy OnHako B IIDAKTHK€ IICWMXOJIOTH BELIGIWIOT He TOUbKO D33IHMHHBIC, HO H OỐHIMG M€XâHH3MEI dopmMupoBaHna HW (ÙYHKIIMOHHDOBAHH4 VM€HHĂ” TOBOD€HH4 H CJIYHIAHM% MJIH 4TeHHA H HHCbMA

Kopoue TOBOD4, KOMMYHHKATMHBHA1 KOMIICTCHHHS BJIIGTCH KOH€HHỌ H€JIbIO, â 13bIKOBAđ1 KOMIICTCHHMZ SBJHICTCI HOM€SKYTOMHOW H€IBIO BCero IHIDOH€CCA OỐYyH€HHI O6yuyeHve BUIAM €H€BOl /€WT€JIbEHOCTH o3HayaeT OỐYH€HH€ KOMMYHHKATHBHOH KOMIET€HHHMH B 3T0l 1AHHOH pÃOTBI MbI HCIIOJIb3Y€M KOMMYHWMKATHBHBI€ CHTYAIHH 7U (ODMWDOBAHHM5 KOMIICTCHIIHH B TOBOD€HHH Y CTY/ICHTOB

2 CHTyaTHBHOCTE B 0Ốy€HHH DYCCKOMV A3bIKy

2.1 IĨ0HHTHð «€HTYAI[HS% H “«CHTyaTHBHOCTb»

2.1.1 Honamua «cumyauua»

OIID€IGICHHC NOHATHMA XCHTYVAIHI) BecbMa pa3HooOpa3HEl K2âKHHĂ aBrop IIOH€DKHMBA€T KAKÿ!O-TO O/IHY CTODOHYV TOTO, HCM #BJLI€TC CHTYAHH1 B /CĂCTBHT€/IEHOCTH CyII€CTBYIOT DA3HBI€ MH€HH5 M€TO/IHCTOB:

1.Curyalia — 3T0 KOMIILJI€KC OỐCTOST€/IECTB,

2.CHTYAIIHđ — 3T0 KOMIIJI€KC /1€lCTBHĂI

3.CHTYa1IMđ — 3T0 COBOKYTIHOCTE COỐBITHĂ

4 CHTYa1(Mđ — 3T0 COBOKYIIHOCTb OTHOIHI€HHÏI,

WHoT71a IO7IH€DKHBA€TC1 JWHAMHHHOCTb CHTYAHHH, HAïIDHMCP:

3.CHTYaIIMđ — 3T0 IOC/I€OBAT€/IEHOCTE COỐEITHĂ

6.CHTYAIIMđ — 3T0 WHA3MHWH€CKO€ OỐD330BAHH€

KDOM€ TOTO, KAK CHTYAIH OTHOCHTCS K 3BbIKV:

7.CHTYVAIIH4 — 3T0 3bIKOBA1 CDp€JA

S.CHTyaIIws — 3T0 BH€53BIKOBAã OỐCTAHOBKa

9.CHTYaLMđ — 3T0 COBOKVIHOCTb YCJIOBHÍ, D€H€BEBIX HH H€D€HCBBIX,

MM€IOTCä €CHIỂ JBA CV2KICHHMH:

10 Curyatma — 3T0 (bOH JIJI1 D€W€BEIX €lCTBHĂ

11 CHTryaIw — 3%TO CTHMV/I K D€HH,

Han6osee pacIDOCTpAH€HHBIM, IDH3H3HHBIMM HOHHMAHHCM CHTIYAHHMH sABILICTCA IIOHHMAHHM€ €ể KâaK COBOKYIIHOCTH OỐCTOST€/IECTB D€AJIbHOÍÍ /JI€lCTBHT€/IEHOCTH, TOTO (ÙOHA,

Hâ KOTODOM D343BODAHWBAIOTCä KAKH€-TO COỐBITH1, /I€lCTBHW, IDHHỀM 3TH OỐCTOST€JIbCTBA 710JDKHBI CJIY2KHTb CTHMYJIOM K D€H€BOMV /I€lCTBHIO ECJIH CHTYALUI1 HỆ 5BJUI€TCSE CTHMYJIOM

K peqeBOMy 71€lCTBHIO, 3HAHHMT, MCTO7THWHCCKH — 3TIO HỆ CWHTYAHMI

WToỐEI OID€JI€JIMHTE CHTYAHHIO, H€ÕXOJMMO BCIOMHHTb H€CKOJIEKO HOJIO€HHĂ M3

JICHHHCKOK Teopuu oTpaxenua (E.V [accos, crp 22, 1977)

1, OtpaxkeHue — IPOII€CC aKTHBHbili Bce, aro OTpaxkaerca B HallleM CO3HaHHH, BKJKOUCHO B Hallly ACATCNbHOCTh, T.€ OTMCYCHO aKTHBHbIM OTHOUICHMeM K OKDY?XAIOHI€H I€HCTBHT€JIbHOCTH

OTPA3XAT€IbHAã /I€SđT€JIbHOCTb cyObekTa oTBeyaeT ero HOTD€OHOCTHIM, MOTHBAM B 3TOM 3AKJIOHAGTC4 JINHHOCTHPIH XâDAKTCP OTDA2K€HHS: J1 M€HĂ 8HHBI€ «ÕCTOWT€JIBCTBA» - CTHMY:I K D€HH, 711 BAC H€T, HJIH H3OỐOPOT

‹«‹B3awMO/I€HCTBH€ — BOT IICDBOC, MTO BCTYHA€@T H€D€I HAâMH, KOIHI3 MBI DACCMATDHBACM /IBHXVHIYyIOC1 MAT€DHIO ( ) MbI H€ MO3K€M HOĂTH /127IBHI€ IIO3H3HH4 2TOTO B3AHMO/ClCTBH1 HMCHHO IIOTOMY, HTO IO33/H CTO H€HCTO Øo/bIH€ HO3HABATb» p€HCBOĂI AeATeNbHOCTH TOA B33HMO/€ICTBHCM CJ€JIYCT HOHHMAäT B3AHMOOTHOII€CHHSX COƠ€C€NHHKOB ÍM€HHO B3HMOOTHOII€HH1, IPHOỐPCIW JIMYHOCTHEIM xXapakTep, OID€NGIHSIOT MOTHBAHHIO K D€HH H 34CTABJIIIOT 3KTHBHO BMCHIHIBATbCI B OKDY3X3IOIIyIO J€lCTBHT€JISHOCTb 3AHMOOTHOHICHHA JIeKAT B OCHOBE BC€X HOCTYHKOB N€JIOBCKA (ƯTO OTHOCHTCA K JCHCBBIM IHIOCTYIIKAM, TâK KAK D€H€BAđ J€ZT€JIEHOCTEB €CCTE JIMIIE KO MILIOHCHT II€IOCTHOÍÍ ACATCJIBHOCTH 4CJIOBCKa MoxHO CKa3aTb, HIO B CHTIYAHHH-D BXO/UIT He BCC B3aMMOOTHONICHHA MCKAY coOecequukamMu Beab 9TH B3AaMMOOTHOUICHHA MCHAIOTCA HIOCTOSHHO, CTporo TOBODS,

Ka?K/IA D€IINKA MO?KCT H3M€HHTb ÌÏO3TOMY II€JI€COOỐD233HO TOBODHTb O TOM, HTO CHTYAI[Hđ

— H€ IIDOCTO COBOKYVIIHOCTE, 3 CHCT€MA B33HMOOTHOIII€HHĂ

VW B 3aKJKOUCHHM MO2%KHO CKa3aTb, HTO %CHTYAHHH €CTb /IHHAMWHHA” CHCTCMA B3HMOOTHOII€HHÍE BYyX (M ỐOJI€€) CYỐb€KTOB, OTD33K€HHA4 B HX CO3H3HHH, IODO?KJ2IOHIAä IOTP€ỐHOCTb K H€JICHAIIDABJICHHOĂ /I€%T€JISHOCTH B D€HICHHH D€H€MBICJIHTGJIbHBIX 33/124 M IIHT2IOIIAã 3TY 7€ãT€/IEHOCTb) (E.M llaccon, cTrp 23, 1977)

2.1.2 Honamue «cumyamuenocmo»

Ilo c1oBaM M,C, WIbWHa, CHTYATHBHOCTb — 2TO COOTBCTCTBH€ €CT€CTBCHHOTO T€MIA pew w cwTyanmn ÀA npyrne MeTroxwcTbi (H.M BepMan, B.A ByxỐnHep) O0ID€/I€ISIOT CHTyaTMBHOCTb KaK KAH4€CTBO D€HH, CỂ CBOMCTBO #3BIKOBbIMH CD€HICTBAMH OTpaxKaTb CHTYAIHMO

2.IIL HyÕwH cuHTaeT, WTO 3HAaKAM 3bIKA IDHCYII€ CBOĂCTBO H€ CHTYATMBHOĂ, a KOHT€KTYAJIEHO-CHTYATHBHOl OTH€C€HHOCTH ÏĨÍO#CHW% 3TO, OH HHIIT, NTO OỐM€H HHODMAIIH€l BCGT/IA IDOWCXO/IMT B KOHKD€THEIX CHTYAIIHãX OỐIHI€HH1 (B 3TOM IIDOSB.JI1GTCã CHTYATHBHA OTH€C€HHOCTE 3HAKOB) W HTO IIED€/I3BA€MEI€ €IHHHIIEI WHÙODMAIIHH HAXOJI1TCS

B TeCHOM KOHTeKCTyalIbHOM (CMEBICIOBOl) B3aMMOCBA3H (B 2TOM IHDOSBJIS€TCS KOHT€KCTYAJIEHAã OTH€C€HHOCTb 3HAKOB)

OTKy/Ia 9TH pasHormacua? Jeno B TOM, HTO €CJIH D€db DACCMATDHBATb KâK IDOHECC, TOI72 B H€Ă /I€lCTBHT€JIEHO MO?KHO YCMOTP€Tb COOTB€TCTBH€ T€MIIA H OỐCTO4T€.JTECTB, T.€ BD€M€HHOĂ IIADaM€TP, KaK 3T0 c1e1a1 M.C WIbwH Ho 3T0 H€ BC CHTYATHBHOCTE

EciIn pacCMATPMBATb D€db KâK IPO/IYKT, TOI/13 MO3KHO HẠTH B HCl KOHT€KCTYAIbHYEO OTH€C€HHOCTb 3HAKOB, KAK 3TO OTM€THII 2.|I, [IllyØnH COOTH€C€HHOCTb O/IHOH D€ILIMKH C PYTOl HM€€T HeMasioe 3HA€HH€ 7111 OỐYyq€HH1 7MAJIOTHW€CKOl p€MH

Ecin paccMATDHBATb D€db 1€DG3 IIDH3MY (ÌYHKIHOHHDVIOIIHX B H€Í DGH€BBIX €/MHHII,

TO H€JIb31 H€ 33M€THTb CBOÍCTBA 2THX €IHHHI[ OTD33K3Tb CHTYAIMO T0 H 3aM€THJI L.M

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2.2 (DYHKIHH CHTYAIHHH B HIDOH€CC€ 0ỐY€HH1 HHOW3bIHHOÌ ped

Cpeodu amux (ÙVHKHH Ù MO2ICHO 6bIỊG/LHHb QGIHbID€ 0CHO6HĐLX

l AnHrnnlcKHl M€TO/THCT À XOpHỐN IHCA1I, HTO 3bIK HYK€H B OITD€/I6IEHHEIX CHTYAIIHX, HM€HHO IIO3TOMY OHH 7I0JD2KHBI CTaTb UCXOOHbIM MoMeHmom oby4eHuA, IDMHƯM 3TH CHTYAIHH MOIYT H /IOJDKHBI ỐBITb ID€/IBOCXHIHI€HBI B KJIACC€ 2TO CB5133HO C HIOHSTH€M

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B TAâK H33EIBA€MBIX IO/TOTOBHT€JIbHBIX VIID33KH€HHWX, HO OKa3bIBaeTCA Ố€CHOMOHIHHM, Korga €TO HY3KHO HCHOJIE3OBATb B HOHE€CC€ KOMMYHHKAHHMH ƯTO 3HAHMT, HTO HABBIK HCHO/IE3OBAHH1 /I3HHOTO #BJICHHI H€ BKJIOHEUICI, HOCKOJIbBKY OH H€ TOTO KayecTBa, Kora MOXGT ỐBITb ‹IICD€HCCCH» B HOBYIO CHTYAHHIO p€H€BOTO OỐHIeHH1 lĨO CYTH I€J1A, BCỂ OỐyW€HWC HHO#3EIHHOl D€HH HalipaBsIeHO Ha TO, NTOỐBI YHAIHIHHCS HCIOJIb3OB3JI 3BIK B

HOBHIX CHTYAHHX oOmjenua Hostomy ycnex oOydeHua 3aBMCHT OT TOTO, HaCKOJIbKO

5((€KTHBHO (ODMHD VIOTCđ HABBIKH, CIOCOỐHBI€ K I€D€HOCY

MHorHe M€TO/IHCTBI HOJIATAIOT, HTO BCỂ /I€JIIO B KOJIIH€CTB€ VID23XH€HHĂ, B TOM, 4TO HACKOJIEKO BBICOKA CT€IICHb ABTOMATH3MDOBAHHOCTH HABHIKAa j/|€IO, OIHAKO, B KAHC€CTBC IO/TOTOBHTCJIBPHBIX VIID3A3KH€HHH, T.C B ypoOBHe 3BTOMaTH3anmn (B.A Jlanmnyc) Oro O3HAHWAGT, HTO YCJIOBHS, B KOTODBIX (ÌODMWDYEOTC# D€H€BEI€ HABBIKH, /IO:TDKHBI OỐ€CI€HHMBATb, BbIDAỐATEIBATb CHOCOỐHOCTE K IE€D€HOCY LÍ BO3MO3KHO 3TO B 3TOM CJIYHA€, €CJIH YCJIOBHS IIOHTOTOBKN AHCKBATHEBI HO CBOMM KAHCCTBäM YCJIOBHZTM KOMMYHHKSIIMH.

PeIIaIOIIIM B 3TOM /I€/I€ 4BJIICTC KAaq1€CTBO CHTYATHBHOCTH D€HH 3/1€Cb TDH ACIICKTA:

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- CHTYVATHBHA1 OTHCC€HHOCTb (Ùp33 (DCHGBBIX €HHHH), T.C HX COOTHCCCHHOCTb € CHCTCMOĂ B32HMOOTHOIICHHĂ COỐ€C€/IHHKOB (Õa aCI€KTA B34WMO32BHCHMBI)

- MHH€HTHHHOCTE /JIOIHH€CKOTO, CMEICIOBOTO KOHT€KCTA, CO3/IA@MOTO § dpa3oit WcnO.Ib3OBABIHIH€Cä HDHM HO/ITOTOBK€ CH€IUICHH%S (D33 HO 33KOHAM ACCOIIHAHHH HOCJIY3KAT ID€TIHOCEDIKOB Õ0.I€€ yCH€IHIHOTO WX (DYHKHHOHHDOBAHH1 B HOBBbIX CHTYAI3X

Bce yka3aHHble aciieKTbI €CTb ÿ cWTyanHl BOT IOW€MY OHH (CHTYAIMH) ABIIAIOTCA O/IHHM M3 CIOCÒOB (ÙODMHDOBAHH1 D€H€BbIX HABPIKOB, CHOCOOHbIX K I€peHocy B 3T0M — IIepBas (DỀyHKHHH

2 BTopaw (DyHKHHfW 32KJIOHA€TCã B TOM, HTOỐBI ỐBITb C110CÒ0M Momueayuu D€q€BOl 1€#T€/IEHOCTH [[Ằ@MOTHBHDOBAHHO€ OỐYyq€HWe€, IO cJIOBAM lÍ.A 3wMH€l u A.A JÏ€OHTb€BA, JIMIIAGTC# HCHXOJIOTHH€CKOTO CO/I€D3KAHM4, HỐO OHO OỐyqeHH€ (OpM€ pA/M (IODMHI

Ilouemy WM€HHO CHTYAHHä €CTb CHIOCOỐ MOTHBAaIWM? B OCHOB€ MOTHBAIHHH 7I€3KHT IOTD€ỐHOCTb, KOTODA #B/JII€TCđ D€IIAIOIIHM (Ù3KTODOM IOB€/I€HH4 4e/IoBeKa MoTwB, IHca1 A.H JleoHTben, - 3r0 OỐb€KT, KOTODBIl OTB€HA€T TOÌÍ HJIH MWHOÌÍ IOTD€ỐHOCTH H, B TỌÌI HJIH HHOĂ dopMe oTpaxaacb cyObeKTOM, OỐYCJIOBIHBAGT €TO /I€WT€IEHOCTb lĨOTp€ỐHOCTH CJIOB€KA ỐbIBAIOT H€ TOJISKO BHT3JIbBHBIMH (B €/I€, HAHDMM€P), HO H HHT€JLICKTY8/IbHBIMH,

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— TOBODHTE C KaKOH-TO H€JIBIO, BO3HMKaeT, KAK IHDABHIO, pu OID€N€IEHHBIX B3AHMOOTHOIIICHHX CYVỐb€KTA € COỐ€C€/IHHKOM, € OKDY3KAIOIIHM MHDOM, T.€ B CHTY31IHM

B ywcÕHBX VCJIOBHäX HOTDCỐHOCTbE BBICK33BIBATbCH IHDHXOXIHTbCS alle BC€TO

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- B CHTYAHHHO KAK CHCTCMY B33HMOOTHOHICHHÍ BBOHHTb BCSKHĂ” pa3 HOBBIC OỐCTO4T€JIbCTBA

- VHHTBIBäTb HH 3TOM MHT€D€CBI, 3KC/IAHHW, YỐC?KJICHHI, CKIOHHOCTH OỐYyHA€MBIX

(HHIHBHJIYAJIM381113 cWTyaIfi)

- CB13bIBATb D€H€BYVIO CHTYAHHIO C OỐII€lÍ /€1T€JIbHOCTBIO YHAHIMXCS

3 TpeTbn (}YyHKHHH ỐbLIA «OTKDBITA) Tak /I3BHO CYTb €Ể B TOM, 4TO CHTyallMu MOryT OLITS a@@exmuenou ocHoseou opeanuzayuu peiesozo Mamepuana

4 Hakonel, ueTBeptant ()yHKHHH -— ỐEITb cnocobom npenodHecenua Mamepuana, Ova IIDOSBILIGTCH B T€X CJIYHAãX, KOT/lA, CCMAHTH3MDYS CJIOBA3, MBI BKJIOHA€M

UX B II€/JIBIC BbICKa3bIBaHHA, CHTyaTHBHBIe 110 XâpAKT€DY (H€ HM€€T 3HAH€HH1, AeaeTca IM 3T0 B YCTHOÌÍ OpM€ MJIH B BH/I€ MHKDOT€KCTOB IDH OỐYH€HHH T€HHIO); TO %Ke OTHOCHTCA K IPOH€CCV IIDC3CHTAHHH ITâAMMATHHCCKOTO MATCDHAI3: IIOK333Tb (ÙYHKIHOHHDOBAHHC CTDYKTYPDBI B D€HH MO?KHO TO/ISKO H3 OCHOB€ CHTYAI1MH,

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2.3 Bn/bI CHTVyAIHÌ

BaXHBIM © M€TOHHHCCKOĂ TOHKH 3DCHHZ HDGJTICTABJHICTCH BOIHDOC KJIACCHÙHKAHHH cwnTyannn B qaHHOM padoTe mpemmaraeTca H€TBID€ D33JIMHHBIX BH/3 KJIACCH(HKAIHHH, ÒO3HAW€HHEIX IO IDHHIIHHY IADHOTO IDOTHBOIIOCTABJI€HHã:

1 MHKDO- H MAKDO CHTYALMH;

2 CCT€CTB€HHEI€ W HCKYCCTB€HHO BOCCO3/I3HHBI€ CHTYAIIMH;

3 CHTYAHMM, OID€I€IS€MHI€ (ODMBI H€P@KHBAHH* uM BH€HIHHMH OỐCTOST€/IECTBAMH, KOTOPBI€ B HHX OTDA3KAIOTCS;

4 3KCTDAJINHTBHCTHH€CKHC H JINHHTBHCTHH€CKH€ CHTYA1IMM

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Takum OỐP33OM, M€XAHH3M, KOTODBIĂI HIDHBOHHT B /IBHMKCHHC IIDYKHHYV D33BHTH1 I€lCTBH1 B /IHAIOT€, OH€HE CJIOK€H MaKpOCHTYyaHMã Ố€Ẵ3TpaHwuHa Ơ/HAaKO B yq€ỐHOM HOH€CC€ T2HHHEBI MAKDOCHTYAHMH OID€JICJILIOICSH TCMATHKOI, 3H23HH€M A3bIKOBOTO MâT€DHA11A, CTYIICHbIO OỐYH€HH1

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CTHMVWJI K D€HH B BHJIC BHYTDCHHHX IIOỐY2KI€HHĂ H OỐCTOWT€JIbCTB JINHTBHCTHH€CKOTO H 3KCTDA JINHTBHCTHW€CKOTO IJI3HA D€8ISHO CYHIC€CTBYIOIHIHX B 3KH3HH,

MCKVCCTB€HHEBIC CHTVAHHH - MCKYVCCTB€HHO CO3/I2BA@MBIÍ CTMMVI B BHC

BbIPaKaeMBbIX OOCTOATEIBCTB

Jlenenme cuTyaljMi, ucxoaa “3 POpM TlepexHBaHHA MU OTPaxaeMbIx OOCTOATEIBCTB, CBI3aHO C pa3JIM4eHHeM BH€HIHHX M BHYIPCHHHX WakTOpoOB, BJIHMSEOIIHX Ha D€H€BO€ IIOB€/€HHe€, B CWJIY OỐYC/JIOBJICHHOCTb IIOB€/ICHH% !I€IOB€KA KâK €TO JIMYHOCTbIO, Kak BHGIIH€l CHTyaIwel ÏÏO3HaHW€ BHYTD€HHWX (ÙaKTODOB COB€PDIIIAGTCW IIYT€M BBIBGJIGHH3 HX H3 OCOỐ€CHHOCT€Ă JIHWHHOCTH CTCIO/A CHTYAIHMM, OID€/€IS€MHI€ (ODMOÍ NepexuBaHuA — BHYTP€HHHĂ CTHMVI, IOỐY3XIAIOIIHĂ K D€H€BOMY /I€ĂCTBHEO, 3 CHTYAIIMđ, OIID€/€JII€MAã BH€IIHHMH 0ỐCT0WT€.IbCTBAMH — CTHMVJI K D€WH B BHJ€ OỐCTOST€JIECTB, H€33BHCHMEIX OT JIMHHOCTH

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D23/INHH€M CIOCOỐOB BOCCO3/I3HHM4 CHTYyAHMĂ

2ƯKCTPA.IHHTBHCTHW€CKHX CHTVAIHW — CTHMVI, CO3/3BA€MBIÍ C© HOMOIHIBIO 2KCTDAJIMHTBHCTHUCCKHX C€ICTB (p€AIBHOI /I€ĂCTBHTGIbHOCTH) PeqeBad" peaks XâDAKT€DH3VGTCđ BO3DACTAHH€M 237UIHHTHH€CKWX KOHCTDYKHHÍ UM 3MOIHOHAIbHOCTBK, TaKH€ CHTYAHHHWH WAaII€ BCTDCHAIOTCI B pD€AIbHOM OỐHmleHHH B ÕỐyq4€HHH mpumMepom 3KCTDAJIHHTBHCTHH€CKOÍÍ CHTYAIMH ABJIACTCA Kap HEMOrO PYWIbMa WIM KapTHHka

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K TAaKOĂ CHTYAHHH OI€Hb HACTO IIDHỐGTAGT HD€IIOTABAT€GJIb Hâ YDOK€, BOCCO3/12BA1 C IOMOIIEH KOHT€KCTA €CT€CTBCHHBIC CHTYAIH, KOTODBI€C OKA3EIBAIOTCS TÊM CaMBIM BKJIOH€HHBIMH B CâMO€ CO/I€D2KAHH€ D€HH

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D23B€DHYTBIM C T€M, HTOỐBI CTY/I€HTBI HM€IIH BO3MO3KHOCTb HCIO/IbE3OBATb €TO #3bIKOBOĂ

MâT€PM2.1 IIDH B€JICHMH /IMAJIOTA

2.4 KOMIOH€HTHBIÏÍ COCTAB CHTYAIIHH

B peweBOl CHTyAIIHH II€JI€COOODA3HO D33JTNHATE CJI6VEOHIH€ KOMIIOH€HTBI CHTYAIHH,

Kak:

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- Ka8KO€-TO COỐBITH€ (IDOII€/IHI€€, HaCTOsIIee, Õy/1yHIe©)

- B34WMOOTHOIHI€HHM3, BO3HHKIIH€ B D€3Y/IETAT€ 3TOTO COỐBITHM1

- X8âDAKTCDHCTHKA CỸb€KTOB, MOIYHIA4 HOBJIMITb H3 CTHMVIIHHIO HDH /13HHBIX

I'oBopeHWe 0ID€/I€JI1€TC1 KaK BHJI DeqeBOl 71e#TeIbHocTn (P/Ï), c IOMOHIbIO KOTODPOTO (COBM€CTHO C© âAY/IMDOBAHH€M)) OCYHI€CTBJII€TC1 VCTHO€ (B€DÕaJIbHO€) ÕII€HHWe Ï'OBOD€HW€ — CI€HM(HuCCKA4 /I€đTGIEHOCTbP H€JIOBCKA OHO MOXCT COIDOBO3XIATE KAKVIO-TO I€WT€JIEHOCTbE €HGBỌ /ICWT€IbHOCTb (HAIDHMCP, TDYHOBYIO, VHCỐHVIO) wim OBITS CAMOCTOATEIBHBIM BWHIOM J€H€BỌ /I€đT€IEHOCTH (HAIDHM€P, HH BBICTVIUI€HHH Cc JOKJIAOM, JI€KHHM€Ă M T /I.) ÏOBOpeHH€ KaK BHJI Pj|, COỐCTB€HHO, HM€€T M€CTO, €CJH y H€JIOBCK4 BO3HHKA€T KOMMYHMKaTHBHad HOTD€ỐHOCTb, X€JIAHH€ BOĂIH B D€HCBOC B33WMOJI€ĂCTBH€G M AOOMTECA OIIDGNGJIỂHHỌ HIH, T.€ KOIA IHOSBISIGTCE MOTHB 7€đT€/ISHOCTH

2KcaHHe€ 10ÕHWTbc# KOHKDGTHOl KOMMYHHKATHBHỌ II€JIH (IIOJIYHHTb, IO/ITB€P?K/I€HHMG, COTJIACH€, COBCT), H33bIBA€MOC KOMMYHHKATHBHBIM HAM€D€HH€M (HHT€HHH€l), OID€/G/IIGT KOMMYHMKATHBHVIO DO.Ib TOBODSHIETO KâK yACTHHKA OỐII€HHđä H OỐO3HA2dA€T KOHKD€THVEO

I€JIbE €TO BBICK233EIBAHHA [OBOD€HH€ KaK BH Pj| I1OJDKHO ỐBITb OỐ€CHE€H€HO ID€HM€TOM

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IlpenMer oỐmeHHa B P/| p€a/I3V€TCI B BBICKA3bIBAHHH BEICKA3EIBAHW€ — IO/YKT I€WT€JIEHOCTH OỐIHI€HHMã IDH OỐYyH€HHH TOBOD€HHIO [OBODEHH€ - IIDO/YKTHBHHIĂ BUA D€q€BOl 1€ãT€IIbHOCTH H HM€€T H€CKOJISKO YDOBH€Ă:

l- Ha4AJIbHHIf (OTBGTbI H3 BOIDOCBI HDH OTCVTCTBHH HINH HAJIHMHHH OHOP, HO OỐ32T€IEHO C yHACTH€M IID€IO/I1ABAT€713)

2- cpenHHĂ (OIIODa Ha T€KCT, CD€/ICTBA HAT7I1HOCTR)

3- CAMOCTOATGIbHHIÍ (OTCYVTCTBH€ OHIOD, KpoMe 3HAHHĂ HO HD€HIMCTY

BbICKA3bIBAHH1; WCIIOJIES3OBAHH€ B D€HM C7IO2KHBIX ID€/IM€THO-CMBICJIOBBIX KOHCTDYKHMỸ) BHICKA3BIBAHH€ XâDAKT€DH3V€TC4 ID€IM€THO-CMBICIOBOI CO/I€D3XKATGIEHOCTER H OODM.ICHHOCTBIO M€HH€ TOBOPHTb IHDGJUIAIA€T BBIDAỐOTKY YVM€HHĂ BBIDAATb CBOIO MBICJIb KOMMYHHKATHBHO OCMBICJICHHO, TDAMMATHH€CKH HODMATHBHO

3.2 IĨoHwTHe «0ốyeHBN€ T0B0D€HHIO»

T€pMHH «OỐyq€HH€ YCTHOĂ D€4HM) WCIIOJIb3Y€TCä /OBOJIbHO HACTO; IIDH 3TOM HM€€TCS

B BH/IY, HTO OỐYHAIOT TOBODHTb H3 HHOCTDAHHOM 33bIK€ ÏÏDWXOHHTCI 33MCGTHTb, XOTX 3TO B€CbMA O€BH/IHO, HTO YK333HHbI€ T€DMHHEI H€ TOD3X€CTB€HHII

OỐyqeHH€ TOBODP€HHIO - JTHIIb 1ACTbE OỐYH€HHđ YCTHOÍ D€HH, TâaK KaK yCTHA4 (OpMa OỐyH€HH1 BKJIOWA€TC1 B CCÕ1 HM TOBOD€HHe, H aYy/IHDpOBAHHC KOH€HHO, 3TM Õa IDOIECca

H€P33pEBIBHBI B OỐII€HHH, T€CHO CB533HBI OHH UM B OỐYH€HHH: OỐYyq€HH€ TOBOD€HHIO H€MBICJIHMO Ố€3 OỐYyH€HH4 IOHHMAHHIO D€qH Ha cilyx TeM He MeHee, 3TH pa3HbIe BH/IBI

Ê%T€JTEHOCTH TP€ỐVIOT CII€IH(ÙHMHHEIX IYT€Ă OỐyH€HH1

MHOrHA WCHOJIb3VIOT T€DMWMH %ÕYyH€HHC 33TOBODHOl D€dW, KOTODBII BIOJIH€

IIDaBOM€D€H OỐyqeHWe pa3TOBODHOÍ peqw — ofHa H3 321AH OỐYyH€HHS TOBOD€HHIO -TOT TCDMHH DABHOM€DHO HCIIOJIb3OBATE, KOT/IA2 HM€€TC# B BH/1Y ÕYH€HH€ DA3TOBODHOMY CTHJHO pewH

OỐyweHH1 rOBOD€HHIO B yCJIOBHSX OTCVTCTBHZ ZI3bIKOBOÍ CP€HbIL XâDAKT€DH3Y€TCä p4IOM 0c0Ố€ẴHHOcTel HBO-H€PBBIX, OHO /IOI2KHO ỐBITE CHCT€MATHH€CKHM, BO-BTOPHIX,

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8 CO3IAHH€C IATOIDHWTHOIO IHCHXO/IIOTHH€CKOTO KIHMATA (ATMOC{CPEI

ØIaTO2K€JI3T€JIbHOCTH, B33HMHOTO VB3)K€HH1, 33HHT€DCCOBAHHOCTH, COID€?KHBAHH3);

Ố p33BWTH€ CIOCOỐHOCTH H TOTOBHOCTH OCYHI€CTBJIITE D€H€BO€ OỐHI€HHG;

B (ÙODMHDOBAHH€ MOTHBAHHH JÏHqHOCTHO-TI€STGIbBHOCTHOC OỐHI€HHC DA3BHBACT MHHIIMATHBHOCTb, ÂC@âMOCTOWT€IbHOCTb, HAXONHHBOCIb YHAIHIIXCS, OỐ€CH€HWBACT

IID€O/OJICHHC IICHXO/JIOTHH€CKHX Õ3pb€DOB (ÕO3Hb CGIA4Tb OIIHỐKY, H€YBCDCHHOCTb,

CT€CHHT€IIEHOCTE M T JI.) ÏĨDH JIOTHNHOTO-€WT€JIEHOCTHOM OỐYH€HWMH IIDOHCXOJIHT He

TOJIEKO B32WMO/I€fCTBHe€ M B34WMOIIOHHMAHHC, HO M_ OCVIHICCTB/UICTCH OỐM€H MHI€CHAMH,

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OỐywas TOBOD€HHIO KâK BH7I OỐII€HH1, D€H€GBOTO B3HMOI€ÍCTBH1, y1AHIHXC1I yaar:

a 38IIDAHIHBATb HH{ODMAIIIO Apyr y DVTA H ÿ ID€HIO/IABAT€JH;

Ố OỐM€HHBATbCđ MHCHHSMH, CY3KICHHSMH;

B B€CTH TDYHIIOBVIO CD€J[Y B CBA3H C IOWHTAHHEIM HJIH YCJTEIIAHHEIM;

T 3/CKBATHO D€ATHDOBATb B CTAH/IADTHBIX CHTIYAIH5X OỐHI€HHS HH 3HAKOMCTB€, BCTD€4€, IIO3/IDABJICHHW H T.J,

7 OIIHCEBIBATb H DACCKA3EIBATb, I€D€CKA3EBIBATb, DACCY2XJIATb, /IICKYTHDOBATP

IIpu stom ỐOIbHIO€ BHHMAHH€ OỐPAIHIA€TCH HA BBIDAỐOTKY KOMMYHHKATWMBHbIX VMC€HHĂ: HAa4ATb OỐII€HH€, CTHMYJIMDOBATb D€H€BOTO IIADTH€PA K €TO HDO/IOJDK€HHIO C sro II€JIEEO HCIO.IE3YIOTC# D€IUIHKH, BbID22KaFOIIW€ O/IOƠD€HH€, Y/IMBJI€HW€, D3/IOCTb, CO2K3JI€HHG

3.3 OcHOBHbIe IDHHI[HIEI 0Ốyq©HHS T0B0D€HHE)

Tosopenuve - WD€3BbIHAðHO MHOIOACH€KTHO€ W CJI0KHO€ #BJI€HH€ BO-H€PBBIX, OHO

BbIIIOJTHS€T B ?KH3HH €JIOB€KA (DYHKIIHIO Cp€/CTBAa oỐHieHHM+ BO-BTODEIX, TOBOD€HH€ - 3TO O/IMH H3 BH/IOB 1€JIOB€H€CKOÍÍ 1€ãT€/IbHOCTH B Tp€TbWX, B3)KHO IOMHHTb, 1ITO B D€3YVJIbTAT€

€#T€JIEHOCTM TOBOD€HH4 BO3HHKA€T ©TO IDO/IYKT - BEICKA3BIBAaHH€ ÏÏ KaK /€%T€TbHOCTb, H KaK IHDOHYKT TOBOD€HH€ OỐJI31A€T OIDH€JICHHBIMH IHDH3HAKAMH, KOTODBI€ CJIY3KAT ODWM€HTHPOM B OỐYW€HHM, T.€ IIO/ICK33BIBAIOT, KAKH€ VCJIOBHS HY3KHO GCO3/I4Tb 711 D33BHTHS TOBOD€HH1, 3 TAK)K€ #BJIHIIOTCä KDHT€DHSMH OI(€HKH D€3YJIETATOB OỐYy4€HMI

3.3.1 Toeopenue kak eud o6wenuan

IoBODeHH€ €CTb BBIDA3K€HH€ CBOHX MBICJI€l B H€/IIX D€HI€HHZ 34/124 OỐIHI€HHA -3TO

€%T€JIEHOCTE O0/IHOTO €/JIOB€KA, XOTđ OHA BKJIOI€HA B OỐII€HH€ W H€MBICIHMA BH€ H€TO, HỐO OỐII€HH€ - 3TO BCCT/I3 B32HMO/ICĂCTBH€ C IDYTHMH JIOJBMH,

L[enblO OỐyH€HH1 CII€HYCT CHHTATb H€ #3BIK, HTO YM€CTHO HDH (ÙHJIOJIOTHH€CKOM

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TOBOpeHHe, HTCHWC, 3ÿ/IHDOBAHW€ MWJIH IIHCEMO, â YK33AHHBI€ BUALI D€H€BOĂ JICST€JIbHOCTH KâK CD€HCTBA OỐHI€HH1 [ÏDHM€HHT€IIbHO K TOBOD€HHIO 3T0 O3HAHAGT, YTO OHO COBMECTHO C

II4DAIHHTBHCTWHKOĂ (MHMHKA, 3K€CTBI) H IDAKC€MHKỌÍ (JBH3K€HH€, HIO3BI) CJIY3KMT CD€/CTBOM OCVII€CTBJICHHã VCTHOH (ODMBHI OƠHI€HHM1

Kak wu mOỐỌĂ BHA M€JIOBCICCKỌ /ICHTGIbHOCTH, OỐHICHH€ IỊ€ICH3IHDABJIGHHO,

MOTHBIHPOBAHO, IID€IMCTHO HM MMeeT CBOW cTpyKTypy IIporecc 0oỐIIeHWđ MOX%HO cebe IID€/ICTABHTE CJI€/YIOIIMM OỐPA3OM

Mez#IV HOT€HHHAIEHbIMH YydACTHHKAMH OỐII€HH% (TCMH, KTO XOHGT HJIH MO3KCT BCTYIIMTE B OỐHI€HH€) BC€T/I3 CVII€CTBVIOT OIID€/IGICHHHI€ B33HMOOTHOII€HH1 B KaKOlÍ-TO MOMCHT HOXBJII€TCW HOTD€ỐHOCTb BCTYHHTbE B KOHTAKT lÏD€IM€TOM OỐHI€HH1 %BJLIIOTCS B3HMOOTHOIHICHH% COỐ€C€IHWKOB, HM OHH OID€JIGJIIIOT xapaxtep OỐHeHHA VĨM€HHO B ID€IM€TC D€2JM3V€TC1 HOTDCỐHOCTb, B DC3VJIBTAT€ HCTO OH3 CTAHOBHTCH MOTHBOM I€#T€JTEHOCTH 2TO O3HAHA€T, HTO MOTHB K OỐHI€HHIO HỆ MOXT BO3HHKHYVTb, €CJIH HT B33HMOOTHOII€HHĂ (IID€TIMCT3) HJIH OHH H€ OCO3HAIOTCä []€Ib OỐII€HH4 — DGHICHH€ 327120, CBW34HHBIX C B33HMOOTHOHICHHSMH, T.€

H3M€H€HW©€ HX

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KaK MHHMMyM /1BA €/IOB€KA

[IpOAHYyKTOM OỐHI€HH% BJLICTCE HHT€PID€TAHHAI HH(ODMAHHH CYIHI€CTBYVIOT TPH

CIIOCÒA OỐII€HHM5: II€DII€ITHBHEIl, HHT€DAKTHBHHIĂ H WH{ODMAIIHOHHHIÍ, a TakoKe Ba Bua

OỐII€HHM5: DOJI€BO€ H JINHOCTHO€

TaKOBbI OCHOBHEI€ XâaDAKT€DHCTHKH OỐII€HM1

[ĨOCMOTDHM T€ICDb C 3TOl TOHKH 3D€HH1 HA TO, KâAKHM ?K€ /IOJDK€H ÕBITb HDOHCC OỐYy€HH1 WHO33EIIHOMY TOBOD€HHIO

1) Mexay yqHT€JICM H yHAHIHMCS /IOJDKHBI YCTAHOBHTbCđ KAKH€-JIHỐO B3aMMOOTHOLICHHA, KpOM€ OHMLWA/IbBHbIX, T.€ OỐII€HH€ /IOJDKHO ỐBbITb H€ DO/I€BO€ (YHHT€IIb - CTY/€HT), 3 OỐIIICHH€ WH/IHBH,JIYAJIbHOCT€H, KOTODBI€ BH7UIT IDYT B IDYT€ D€W€BOTO IADTH€PA

2) MOTHB OỐII€HWä MO3K€T MOABHTECA JIHIIb TOT/3, KOIJA BO3HHWKH€T HOTD€ỐHOCTb B

IOJUIMHHOM OỐIm€HMH IĨÍOTp€OHOCTb B “”yq€ƠHOM” OỐII€HHH, KOTODO€ Yÿ H€KOTODEIX

VHAIIHXC# eCTb, 10 xapaktepy MHad M He B COCTOSHWH OỐC€CIICHHTb KOMMYHHKATHBHOĂ MOTHBAIIMH

3) EcJH B3aHMOOTHOIICHHW MŒ3X/JIY VHHT€JICM H CTY/ICHTOM KaK M@KAY JIHHHOCTSMH H€ BO3HHKAGT, TO HT H II€/IH, IDHCYHI€I ÕII€HHIO, - H3M€HHTb 9TH B3AMMOOTHOMICHHA

4) J|ODKHBI (DYHKHHOHHPOBATE BC€ CHOCOỐBI OỐIHI€HHS: HHT€DAKTHBHHI, KOIHIA €CTb B3AHMO€ĂCTBH€ Hâ OCHOB€ KAKOĂ-JIHỐO /I€WT€IIBHOCTH, KDOM€ YyH€CỐHOÍ; H€DH€HTHBHHIH, KOI/I2 WM€GT M€CTO BOCHDHITH€ /IDYT IDYTA Kak JIHHHOCT€H; HWHŸÙODMAIUWOHHPII, KOI/A CTY/ICHTBI OỐM€HHB3IOTCđ CBOWMH MBICJESIMH, HYBCTBAMH ECJIHH 3K€ CTY/I€HT ICD€CKA3bIBA€T T€KCT IOCTO 2W IE€P€CK334 (KOIIA3 BC€ B KUIACC€ 3HAIOT €TO CO/I€P3XKA4HH€) HH IIDOTOBADHBA€T KâKW€-TO H€ CHTYATHBHHI€ ID€/LIO3K€HH14, TO OỐII€HH€ H€ MO?K€T COCTOATECA,

8 IIDO/YKTOM Takoro "TOBOpeHHA" ABUIACTCA TaK Ha3biBaeMaad yq€ÕHas pedb Hy3KHO IDHZATb

IDOH€CCV OỐYyH€HHM1, H€ HApYHIA1 GTO ODTAHH3OB3HHOCTH, CHCTCMHOCTH H M€TO/HH€CKOHĂ HAIIDABJICHHOCTHM, XâapDAKT€DHEI€ 1€DTEI IDOII€CCAa OỐIHI€HH1

3.3.2 Ï'060D€HH€ KũK Ị€HIHGJIbHOCHb

TOBOD€HH€ €CTb D€H€BA41 /ICST€/IbBHOCTb, OHO OỐJ1A71A3€T CI€IIHĐWW€CKHM IIDH3HAKAMH 1) MoTwBHPOBAHHOCTb €IOB€K, KâK IDABILIO, TOBODHT HOTOMY, 4TO y Hero €CTb /UHI 3TOTO MOTHB B OCHOB€ KOMMYHWKAâTWBHOĂ MOTHBAIIMH JI€?KWT IIOTD€ỐHOCTE /IBYX BH/IOB:

- HOTD€ỐHOCTb B OỐIHICHHH KAK TAKOBAđ, CBOMCTBCHHad H€JIOBCKY KAK CYVII€CTBV COMMaJIbHOMY;

- IIOTD€ỐHOCTb B COB€DII€HHH /I3HHOTO KOHKD€THOTO D€H€BOTO HOCTVIIKA, IOTD€ỐHOCTb

“BM€IHIATbC1”" B AHHYIO p€ueBy!o CHT yall [lepBbif BH MO3KHO H233BATb OỐHI€” KOMMYHHKATHBHOl MOTHBAHH€Í, BTOpỌ - 3TO CHTYATHBHA% MOTHBAIIH%, YPOB€Hb KOTODOĂ OIID€J€/IIGTCđ TÊM, KâK MEI OỐYHA€M, T.e Kak CO3/1A€M D€H€BBI€ CHTYAIIMH, KaK HCIIOJTE3V€M MâT€DHA41T, IDH€MEI H T.J

2) AKTHBHOCTb [OBOD€HH€ - BC€IIA IHDOIH€CC akTMBHbIM, “00 B HEM HDOSBILHIGTCä OTHOII€HW€ TOBODSIIHX K OKDY3XXAIOII€l /I€ĂCTBHT€JIEHOCTH, HO H€ TOJIbKO TOI/I3, KOITHA

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