Tổng quan về UML

Bi 13 Tng quan v UML Trnh Thnh Trung trungtt@soict.hust.edu.vn Ni dung Phõn tớch v thit k h thng HT Biu use case Biu hot ng Biu tng tỏc Biu lp Phõn tớch v thit k h thng hng i tng Object-oriented analysis and design (OOAD) Mụ hỡnh húa Hng tip cn mỏy bay giy? i vi d ỏn phn mm Mt rt nhiu thi gian v to rt nhiu mó ngun Khụng cú bt k mt kin trỳc no Phi chu kh vi nhng li phỏt sinh Mụ hỡnh húa Mụ hỡnh húa Giỳp n gin húa th gii thc bng cỏc mụ hỡnh Giỳp hiu rừ hn v h thng dI cỏc gúc nhỡn khỏc UML Ngụn ng mụ hỡnh húa thng nht (Unified Modeling Language - UML) UML l ngụn ng : trc quan húa (visualizing) c t (specifying) xõy dng (constructing) ti liu húa (documenting) cỏc cu phn (artifact) ca mt h thng phn mm UML UML l ngụn ng trc quan Giỳp cụng vic phỏt trin c x lý nht quỏn, gim thiu li xy Giỳp d hỡnh dung hn cu trỳc ca h thng Hiu qu hn vic liờn lc, trao i + Trong t chc + Bờn ngoi t chc UML Cỏc mụ hỡnh UML cú th kt ni trc tip vi rt nhiu ngụn ng lp trỡnh nh x sang Java, C++, Visual Basic Cỏc bng RDBMS hoc kho lu tr OODBMS Cho phộp cỏc k ngh xuụi (chuyn UML thnh mó ngun) Cho phộp k ngh ngc (xõy dng mụ hỡnh h thng t mó ngun) UML UML l ngụn ng ti liu húa Ti liu húa kin trỳc, yờu cu, kim th, lp k hoch d ỏn, v qun lý vic bn giao phn mm Use Case Diagram Deployment Diagram éằờ ẩổầ ầẽàồỵắợạì ìặđữáãẻầ Ôá ẵẵ ơỏ áàă - âààỡ 95 : ơảúèắặđ - âààỡ NT: ởẳạử - éẵ áểẵ: ẳạử ạì àƠèá ẳạử, ởẵ ẳạử - IBM áịẻầãạể: àƠèá ẳạử, ởẵ ẳạử Windows95 Window95 Windows95 Use Case ạđẳỹáđ ơảúèắặđ.EXE ạđẳỹáđ ắệầá Windows NT Actor A Actor B Use Case Solaris ạđẳỹáđ Êứ.EXE Alpha UNIX ởẳạử.EXE Windows NT IBM Use Case Mainframe àƠèáÊèẵẳạử DocumentList mainWnd fileMgr : document : FileMgr Document gFile repository Document FileMgr Cỏc biu khỏc nhau, cỏc ghi chỳ, rng buc c c t ti liu user add( ) name : int delete( ) fetchDoc( ) docid : int sortByName( ) numField : int ặÔạđẳĂ ởầẹ áõáƯ get( ) 1: Doc view request ( ) ằỗởĂ ọằầẹ open( ) close( ) 2: fetchDoc( ) read() fill the code read( ) FileList sortFileList( ) fList create( ) 3: create ( ) fillDocument( ) add( ) delete( ) 4: create ( ) 5: readDoc ( ) ẩẽỹáđ éắợ 6: fillDocument ( ) ạđẳầ ÔááƯ ầỉỗ ạđẳ ẳĂ ẳÔằ ọằầẹ rep 7: readFile ( ) File Repository 8: fillFile ( ) (from Persistence) read( ) ẩáộ ẳ éắợàộẻ 9: sortByName ( ) ẳàộĂ ởầỉ èáĐãẻ GrpFile name : char * =0 Ôãằ ẵẹ ẩáộĂ áâỉ read( ) readDoc( ) open( ) readFile( ) create( ) fillFile( ) Sequence Diagram Class Diagram UML UML l ký phỏp ch khụng phi l phng phỏp UML cú th ỏp dng cho tt c cỏc pha ca quy trỡnh phỏt trin phn mm "Rational Unified Process" - quy trỡnh phỏt trin cho UML 10 Thnh viờn lp Phm vi truy cp xỏc nh s lng th hin ca thuc tớnh/thao tỏc: Instance (Thnh viờn i tng): Mt th hin cho mi th hin ca mi lp Classifier (Thnh viờn lp): Mt th hin cho tt c cỏc th hin ca lp Thnh viờn lp (thnh viờn tnh) c ký hiu bng cỏch gch di tờn thuc tớnh/thao tỏc Class1 - classifierScopeAttr - instanceScopeAttr + classifierScopeOp () + instanceScopeOp () 83 Vớ d H thng ng ký khúa hc CloseRegistrationForm Schedule CloseRegistrationController - semester + open() + close registration() Student + get tuition() + add schedule() + get schedule() + delete schedule() + has pre-requisites() + commit() + select alternate() + remove offering() + level() + cancel() + get cost() + delete() + submit() + save() + any conflicts?() + create with offerings() + update with new selections() + is registration open?() + close registration() Professor - name - employeeID : UniqueId - hireDate - status - discipline - maxLoad + submitFinalGrade() + acceptCourseOffering() + setMaxLoad() + takeSabbatical() + teachClass() 84 Vớ d Biu lp s lc LoginForm RegistrationController RegisterForCoursesForm Schedule CloseRegistrationForm CloseRegistrationController Professor Student Course CourseOffering CourseCatalogSystem BillingSystem 85 Gúi Mt c ch chung t chc cỏc phn t thnh nhúm Mt phn t mụ hỡnh cú th cha cỏc phn t khỏc University Artifacts 86 Vớ d Registration CloseRegistrationForm CloseRegistrationController RegisterForCoursesForm RegistrationController 87 Liờn kt Mi liờn h ng ngha gia hai hay nhiu lp ch s liờn kt gia cỏc th hin ca chỳng Mi quan h v mt cu trỳc ch cỏc i tng ca lp ny cú kt ni vi cỏc i tng ca lp khỏc Student Schedule Course 88 Bi s quan h Bi s quan h l s lng th hin ca mt lp liờn quan ti MễT th hin ca lp khỏc Vi mi liờn kt, cú hai bi s quan h cho hai u ca liờn kt Vi mi i tng ca Professor, cú nhiu Course Offerings cú th c dy Vi mi i tng ca Course Offering, cú th cú hoc Professor ging dy Professor instructor CourseOffering * 89 Vớ d RegisterForCoursesForm RegistrationController 1 1 Student Schedule * * CourseOffering 90 Kt L mt dng c bit ca liờn kt mụ hỡnh húa mi quan h ton th-b phn (whole-part) gia i tng ton th v cỏc b phn ca nú Kt l mi quan h l mt phn (is a part-of) Bi s quan h c biu din ging nh cỏc liờn kt khỏc Whole Part 91 Vớ d RegisterForCoursesForm RegistrationController 1 1 Student Schedule * * CourseOffering 92 Cõu thnh Mt dng ca kt vi quyn s hu mnh v cỏc vong i trựng khp gia hai lp Whole s hu Part, to v hy Part Part b b i Whole b b, Part khụng th tn ti nu Whole khụng tn ti Whole Part Whole Part Composition 93 So sỏnh kt v cõu thnh Aggregation University and Chancellor Nu khụng cú trng i hc (University), hiu trng (Chancellor) khụng th tn ti Nu khụng cú Chancellor, University võn cú th tn ti Composition University and Faculty University khụng th tn ti nu khụng cú cỏc khoa (Faculty) v ngc li (share time-life) + Thi gian sng ca University gn cht vi thi gian sng ca Faculty + Nu Faculties c gii phúng thỡ University khụng th tn ti v ngc li 96 Tng quỏt húa (Generalization) Mi quan h gia cỏc lp ú mt lp chia s cu trỳc v/hoc hnh vi vi mt hoc nhiu lp khỏc Xỏc nh s phõn cp v mc tru tng húa ú lp k tha t mt hoc nhiu lp cha n k tha (Single inheritance) a k tha (Multiple inheritance) L mi liờn h l mt loi (is a kind of) 97 Lp tru tng Lp tru tng khụng th cú i tng Cha phng thc tru tng Ch nghiờng Discriminator Abstract class Animal Abstract operation + communicate () Communication Lion + communicate () There are no direct instances of Animal Tiger + communicate () All objects are either lions or tigers 98 Thank you! 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