LẬP TRÌNH HƯỚNG đối TƯỢNG bài 09 TỔNG QUAN về UML và PTTK

8/24/2011 Ni dung B mụn Cụng ngh Phn mm Vin CNTT & TT Trng i hc Bỏch Khoa H Ni k o?sqỡmg?g mf?Ih?s mf Bi 09 Tng quan vUML v PTTK HT Mụ hỡnh húa Tng quan vUML Phõn tớch thit khng i tng Cụng cphỏt trin OOAD Ni dung 1.1 Mụ hỡnh húa l gỡ? Mụ hỡnh húa Tng quan vUML Phõn tớch thit khng i tng Cụng cphỏt trin OOAD 1.2 Squan trng ca mụ hỡnh húa Mc quan trng thp Mc quan trng cao hn 1.2 Squan trng ca mụ hỡnh húa (2) Mụ hỡnh húa l m t ng d n n thnh cụng c a d ỏn Mỏy bay giy Mỏy bay phn lc 8/24/2011 1.4 Yờu cu biu din mụ hỡnh 1.3 Vai trũ ca mụ hỡnh húa hthng Chrừ cu trỳc hoc ng xca hthng accurate consistent understandable changeable Ni dung 2.1 UML l gỡ? Ngụn ngmụ hỡnh húa thng nht UML (Unified Modeling Language) mc tiờu ca UML vi cu phn (artifact) ca mt hthng phn mm Mụ hỡnh húa T ng quan v UML Phõn tớch thit khng i tng Cụng cphỏt trin OOAD UML l ngụn ngtrc quan UML l ngụn ngthng nht trc quan giỳp cụng vic c xlý nht quỏn, gim thiu li xy 10 UML l ngụn ngc t UML xõy dng cỏc mụ hỡnh chớnh xỏc, rừ rng v y 8/24/2011 UML l ngụn ngxõy dng HT UML l ngụn ngti liu húa Cỏc mụ hỡnh UML cú thkt ni trc tip vi rt nhiu ngụn nglp trỡnh Use Case Diagram Deployment Diagram éằờ ẩ ổ ầ ầẽ àồ ỵắ ợ ì ì ặđ ữá ã ẻ ầ Ô ẵ ẵ ỏ àă - âààỡ 95 : ơảúè ắ ặđ - âààỡ NT: ởẳ ưạ - éẵ ể ẵ : ẳ ưạ ì àƠè ẳ ưạ ử, ởẵ ẳ ưạ - I BM ịẻ ầã ể : àƠè ẳ ưạ ử, ởẵ ẳ ưạ Windows95 Window95 Windows95 Use Case đẳ ỹá đ ơảúè ắ ặđ EXE đẳ ỹá đ ắ ệ ầ Windows NT Actor A Actor B Use Case Solar si đẳ ỹá đ Ê ứ E XE Alpha UNI X ởẳ ưạ EXE Windows NT I BM Use Case M ainf r am e àƠè Êè ẵ ẳ ưạ Docum ent List mainWnd fileMgr : doc ument : gFile repos itory Docum ent FileMgr us er Doc ument Fie l M gr add( ) nam e : n it delet e( ) f et chDoc( ) docid : n it sor t ByNam e( ) num Fied l : n it ặ Ôạ đẳ Ă ởầ ẹ õá Ư 1: Doc view get ( ) r equest ( ) ằỗở Ă ọ ằầ ẹ r ead( ) f li t he open( ) code close( ) 2: f et chDoc( ) r ead( ) Fie l List sor t Fie l List ( f List ) cr eat e( ) 3: cr eat e ( ) fD li ocum ent ( ) add( ) delet e( ) 4: cr eat e ( ) 5: r eadDoc ( ) ẩưẽ ỹá đ éắ ợ 6: f D li ocum ent ( ) đẳ ầ Ô á Ư ầỉ ỗ đẳ ẳ Ă ẳ Ô ằ ọ ằ ầ ẹ r ep 7: r eadFie l ( ) Fie l Reposit or y 8: f F li e li ( ) ( f r om Per sist ence) r ead( ) ẩưá ộ ẳ éắ ợ ộẻ 9: sor t ByNam e ( ) G r pFie l nam e : char * = ẳ àộ Ă ởầỉ è Đ ã ẻ Ôã ằ ẵ ẹ ẩưá ộĂ r ead( ) â ỉ r eadDoc( ) open( ) r eadFie l( ) cr eat e( ) fF li e li ( Sequence Diagram 2.2 L ch sphỏt trin ca UML Vo 1994, cú hn 50 phng phỏp mụ hỡnh húa hng i tng: Fusion, Shlaer-Mellor, ROOM, Class-Relation,Wirfs-Brock, CoadYourdon, MOSES, Syntropy, BOOM, OOSD, OSA, BON, Catalysis, COMMA, HOOD, Ooram, DOORS ) Class Diagram 2.2 L ch sphỏt trin ca UML (2) UML c chuyờn gia hng i tng hp nht cỏc kthut ca h vo nm 1994: Cn chun húa v thng nht cỏc phng phỏp UML l mt ngụn nghp nht Rumbaugh Booch UML l mt ngụn ngthng nht Jacobson Meyer Fusion Before and after conditions Operation descriptions, message numbering Harel Embley Singleton classes, High-level view State charts Wirfs-Brock Gamma, et.al Responsibilities Frameworks, patterns, notes Shlaer- Mellor Selic, Gullekson, Ward Odell Object lifecycles ROOM (Real-Time Object-Oriented Modeling) Classification 8/24/2011 2.2 L ch sphỏt trin ca UML (3) UML 2.0 2.3 Cỏc khung nhỡn ca UML Khụng n gin mụ hỡnh húa hthng phc (2004) UML 1.5 (March, 03) UML 1.1 UML Partners Expertise (Sept 97) UML 1.0 (Jan 97) UML 0.9 and UML 0.91 (June 96) (Oct 96) Unified Method 0.8 (OOPSLA 95) Booch 93 OOSE Other Methods Public Feedback OMT - Booch 91 OMT - 2.3 Cỏc khung nhỡn ca UML (2) 2.4 Cỏc biu UML Mt mụ hỡnh hthng thng cú nhiu loi biu , mi loi cú nhiu biu khỏc + Architectural View Logical View 20 Implementation View Analysts/Designers Programmers Structure Software management Use-Case View End-user Functionality Process View Deployment View System engineering System integrators Performance, scalability, throughput System topology, delivery, installation, communication 22 2.4 Cỏc biu UML a Biu use case Biu use case (Use Case Diagram) Biu cu trỳc tnh (Static Structure Diagrams) Biu lp (Class Diagram) Biu i tng (Object Diagram) Biu trng thỏi (Statechart Diagram) Biu hot ng (Activity Diagram) Biu tng tỏc (Interaction Diagrams) Biu trỡnh t(Sequence Diagram) Biu giao tip/cng tỏc (Communication/Collaboration Diagram) Biu thc thi (Implementation Diagrams) Biu thnh phn (Component Diagram) Biu trin khai (Deployment Diagram) 24 8/24/2011 b Biu lp (Class Diagram) c Biu i tng 25 d Biu trng thỏi (State Diagram) 26 e Biu hot ng (Activity Diagram) 27 28 g Biu cng tỏc (Collaboration Diagram) f Biu trỡnh t(Sequence Diagram) 29 30 8/24/2011 h Biu thnh phn (Component Diagram) i Biu trin khai (Deployment Diagram) 31 32 2.5 Quy trỡnh v UML 2.5 Quy trỡnh v UML (2) RUP l quy trỡnh cụng nghphn mm phỏt trin bi hóng Rational Phỏt trin song song vi UML "Rational Unified Process" - quy trỡnh phỏt trin cho UML 2.6 ng dng ca UML phõn tớch thit khthng Ni dung UML c sdng phõn tớch nhiu loi h thng (Information System) (Technical System) (Embeded System) ( Distributed System) (Business System) (System Software) 35 Mụ hỡnh húa Tng quan vUML Phõn tớch thi t k h ng i t ng Cụng cphỏt trin OOAD 36 8/24/2011 3.1 Tm quan trng ca OOAD 3.1 Tm quan trng ca OOAD (2) Phõn tớch v Thit k cn c coi trng Cn thit lp mt c chhiu qunm bt yờu cu, phõn tớch thit k OOAD 37 38 3.2 Mc ớch ca OOAD 3.3 Phng phỏp OOAD Cung cp cho ngi dựng, khỏch hng, ks phõn tớch, thit knhiu cỏi nhỡn khỏc vcựng mt hthng OOAD c chia thnh giai on (OOA) (OOD) 40 39 3.3 Phng phỏp OOAD (2) Ni dung Use case modeling to define requirements External Specification Design Object extraction and message sequence design between objects Normalization of the data structure using E-R diagram 3 Class design E-R modeling for persistent data 41 Mụ hỡnh húa Tng quan vUML Phõn tớch thit khng i tng Cụng c phỏt tri n OOAD 42 8/24/2011 Cụng cUML OOAD Cụng cmó ngun m: EclipseUML UmlDesigner ArgoUML Cụng cthng mi: Enterprise Architect IBM Rational Software Architect Microsoft Visio Visual Paradigm for UML SmartDraw 43 ... sphỏt trin ca UML (3) UML 2.0 2.3 Cỏc khung nhỡn ca UML Khụng n gin mụ hỡnh húa hthng phc (2004) UML 1.5 (March, 03) UML 1.1 UML Partners Expertise (Sept 97) UML 1.0 (Jan 97) UML 0.9 and UML 0.91... trin OOAD UML l ngụn ngtrc quan UML l ngụn ngthng nht trc quan giỳp cụng vic c xlý nht quỏn, gim thiu li xy 10 UML l ngụn ngc t UML xõy dng cỏc mụ hỡnh chớnh xỏc, rừ rng v y 8/24/2011 UML l ngụn... persistent data 41 Mụ hỡnh húa Tng quan vUML Phõn tớch thit khng i tng Cụng c phỏt tri n OOAD 42 8/24/2011 Cụng cUML OOAD Cụng cmó ngun m: EclipseUML UmlDesigner ArgoUML Cụng cthng mi: Enterprise