BƯỚC ĐẦU KHẢO CỨU VỀ PHÒNG CHỐNG THAM NHŨNG TRONG HOÀNG VIỆT LUẬT LỆ

BirdC DAU KHAO CtfU VE PHOI^G CHO]\G THAM I«ltWG TRO]\G ''HOAl¥G VIET LUAT LE' NGUYEN N(;OC CO* NGUYIN THI THU THUY" T ham nhiing la van nan ciia moi nha nudc, nd thudng lam bang hoai cac gia tri dao dUe, gay ton tha't qua kinh te - xa hdi, tao nhiing nhan to' ba't on cdng ddng Chd'ng tham nhung dUdc xem la mot nhiing tigu chi hang dau de tri, cung cd', tang cudng sUc manh qud'c gia Trong lich sii, nhieu trieu dai quan ehii d Viet Nam da dd" cac bien phap phdng chd'ng tham nhiing khac Den trieu Nguyen, nan tham nhiing trd nen nghiem trong, den miic nha nUdc da coi day la mpt thU giae Bo Hodng Viet luat le (1815) ciia vUdng trieu da nghiem khac xii phat cac toi cd lien quan den tham nhiing, nhu: nhan hdi Id; giai quyet cac cdng viec vi tU tinh; an bdt, la'y trdm tien bac, lUdng thao kho; dung tai san chung lam viec rieng Bai viet khao sat cac dieu luat, did'u le Hodng Viet luat le de xem xet chinh sach phdng chd'ng tham nhiing dUdi thdi Nguydn, hi vong gdp phan hid'u sau sdc hdn chinh sach quan li xa hoi cua cac bae tien nhan, nhUng gia tri thue tiln cua nen phap che Viet Nam the ky XIX Hodng Viet luat le dUdc ban hanh dudi thdi vua Gia Long, gom 22 quyen, 398 dieu Hodng Viet luat le cd pham vi dieu chinh kha toan dien, bao quat nhie'u khia canh quan h' xa hoi Day la bd luat quan dUde xay dung nham tri trat tu, gop phan vao viec cung cd sU dn dinh ciia vUdng trieu Nhiing quy dinh xii phat toi tham nhiing rai rac dUdc ghi phan: Danh le luat, Lai luat Ho luat, Le ludt, Binh luat, Hinh luat, Cong ludt Diem dac biet la Hodng Viet ludt le da danh mdt chUdng gom dieu luat va 14 dieu le quy dinh rieng ve viec xii phat tdi nhan hd'i Id Xem xet noi dung cu the ciia nhCfng dieu luat, did~u le cd the tha'y mdt sd'net chu yeu ve viec phdng chd'ng tham nhiing nhU sau: N h a n ho'i Io t i e n , h i e n vat Nhan hd'i Id tien, hien vat la mot bieu hien ciia toi tham nhiing Vi vay, so' lUdng dieu luat, dieu le xii phat ve tdi danh Hodng Viet ludt le dUdc ghi nhieu nha't Cac quy dinh da dang, da chieu Trong sd'dd, toi nhan hoi Id, xii phat tdi nhan hd'i Id ndi chung dUdc quy dinh kha chat che Quan lai nhan hd'i Id deu can cU vao tang vat de dinh tdi: "Pham quan lai (nhan chuyen uong phap hay ba't udng phap (1)) ' GS.TS Khoa Lich sii, Trudng Dai hoc Su pham Ha Ndi " TS Khoa Lich sii, TrUdng Dai hoc Su pham Ha Npi ddi vdi quan lai nhan hd'i 16 hai I^n ciia mpt chu va nhan hd'i Id cua nhieu chu cung lue: "NgUdi ed loe (nhiing ngudi ed lUdng thang tU mdt thach trd len), nhan tien cac chii ma udng phap neu pham hai lan nhan tien trd len ma chii phat giac va da luan tdi roi, thi nhiing ngUdi khac phat giac sai, thi dii tdi nhe hdn hay bang tdi trUdc deu tinh he't de luan tdi Bat uong phap, nhan hdi Id ciia nhieu chii, tinh chung xU tdi theo niia so dd (tuy nhan cung mpt luc, tien cua 10 chii, viec be, tinh gdp ehung xii phan niia toi, mpt chu ciing xii phan niia toi)" (7) ma nhan tien ciia thi tinh theo tang vat dd ma xii toi NgUdi khdng an lUdng nha nUdc thi giam bac, la'y lai nhiing eao sSc vua ban cho, xda ten so quan, lai thi bai ehdc dich (tang vat chi lUdng), khdng ke thU bac nao" (2) Tang vat nhan hdi Id chi lUdng thi quan da bi xda ten so quan, Iai hi bai ehdc Trudng hdp nhan tien va dem tien Io cdng viec thi ngUdi nhan hd'i Id va ngUdi dUa hd'i Id deu bi xii phat: " Dem tien de Io cong viee thi ngUdi cd Ipc (3) xU giam nhe hdn ngUdi nhan tien mpt mUc, ngUdi khdng ed ldc (4) giam nhe hdn hai miic (rieng cae tang vat hach sach, khoa liem, lUa ddi va sau viec mdi nhan tien dUa tdi thi khdng ddng luat nay) Tdi chi phat 100 trUdng, nam (chieu theo luat "thien dd tii luu" (5) giam mpt niia de dinh tdi)" (6) Dieu luat da NgUdi khdng cd ldc nhan hdi Id uong phap va ba't uong phap thi mUe hinh phat nhe hdn so vdi ngUdi ed ldc nhan hdi Id: "Ngudi khdng cd ldc (ngUdi ed miic lUdng hang thang khdng day thach), uong phap Bang 1: Tiing vut va mirc hinh phiit tui nhan hoi 16 doi vui quan Ini co 16c (H) 'T