tổng hợp nhiều bài nghiên cứu về giáo dục và nguồn nhân lực việt nam

7lflO DUC S DHO Tfl GIAI PHAP DAO TAO NGUON NHAN LI/C THAY THE LAO DONG Nl/CiC NGOAI Cl VIET NAM Nguyin Thi Thu Huong*, Trin Bich Thuy* Bdi viet gi&i thieu thuc trgng lao dong nudc ngodi a Viet Nam nhicng ndm qua, mdi quan he cua n& ddi v&i tdng tru&ng kinh te vd khuyen nghi cdc gidi phdp ddo tgo thay the ngudn nhdn lifc ngi dia ddp ung nhu cdu canh tranh doi v&i su bien dong cua lao ddng nu&c ngodi Tir khoa: Lao ddng nudc ngoai d Viet Nam, di chuyen lao ddng, dito tao thay tha Gidi thieu Hpi nhap kinh te quoc le da tao lap vit phat Uian cac loai thi tmdng dd cd Ihj tmdng lao dgng Trong bdi canh dd, ddng lao dpng nudc ngoai tham gia thj tmdng lao ddng mpt ddng hon Van da kat noi cung cau tran thi tmdng lao ddng trd Idn da dang va phirc lap han; lao ddng nudc ngoai d Viet Nam da mang den nhirng lpi ich cho tang tmdng kinh tl, xa hpi nhung cung lao nhung bat cap Uong ddi sdng kinh te xa hdi Ddng lao ddng nudc ngoai Viet Nam qua ddng se gay nhimg bat Igi cho lao ddng Viet Nam, ty le that nghiep gia tan] canh Uanh ngity cang khdc liet hon Uen thj tmdng nan kinh te khiing hoang Iran loan cau Co che quan ly lao ddng ndi chung cdng tac quan ly lao ddng nude ngoai ndi neng ciing can dugc hoan thien va phai trien phii hgp vdi thi tmdng Chinh vi vay, cac tae gia da lya ehgn nghien cim chu da "Giai phap dao tao thay the ngudn nhan luc lao ddng nudc ngoai d Viet Nam" Lao dong nudc ngoai d Viet Nam 2.1 So luang lao dgng nirdc ngodi (LDNN) Lao ddng nudc ngoai vao lam viec d Viet Nam khdng nhiing gia lang vl so lugng ma cdn md rpng Hinh 1: Tuong quan giua toe tang truong GDP d Viet Nam vdi su gia tang LDNN 00% 00% 00% 70000 00% 60000 00-A 50000 00% 40000 '»% 30000 1)0-' 20000 10000 6938 n 217 31117 430C3 52633 55426 539^5 2002 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 = Lao ddng nu'dc ngoai lam viec d Viet Nam - • - T d c dd tang GDP Nguon Cue Viec ldm - Bg Lao dgng Thuang binh ui Xd hdi (2002 2012/ Si 199 Ihdng 01/2014 65 kjiilileilidllrii'ii ^flO DUC S OflO TflO vl nhilu loai hinh thuc nhu ngoai cae doanh nghiep thye hien theo luat doanh nghiep luat diu tu cac nha thiu, van phdng dai dien, td chiic chinh ui-xa hgi, dem vj sy nghiep Nhit nudc cdn cd them td chiic hiep hdi doanh nghiep, eac hd kinh doanh vii ca nhan kinh doanh Nam 2002 cd xip xi 7000 LDNN vao Viet Nam Iam viec Din nam 2012, tiie la sau mudi nam, sd LDNN lang hon gip 11 lin, dat hon 78000 ngudi Nhu vay, sd LDNN viio Viet Nam cd xu hudng gia tang theo mat dp day (tdc tang trung binh lit 26,9% uong giai doan 2002-2012) 2.2 Moi twang quan giira tdng trir&ng kinh te v&i LDNN 2.2.1 Xel ve moi luang quan giu tdng truang kinh te vd gia tdng ty le LDNN vdo Viet Nam Cd the ehia lam hai giai doan trudc va sau hdi nhap thuang mai the gidi (WTO): - Giai doan tmdc hdi nhap (2004-2007), lang tmdng GDP cua Viel Nam cao thi tdc dp tang cua LDNN vao Viel Nam cung lang eao (tmng binh 46,7%/nam); - Giai doan sau hdi nhap (2008-2012), khung hoang kinh te the gidi va tiep la ng cdng chau Au da hudng manh den Viet Nam, nan tdc dp tang Irudng GDP giam dang ke, ldc LDNN vao Viet Nam lang cham han (Imng binh 11,5%/nam) Thdng ke cho thay, sd lupng lao ddng nudc ngoai litm viec tai Viet Nam cd xu hudng gia tang, mat dp day Bang eho thay ty le tang sd ngudi lao ddng nudc ngoai lam viec tai Viet Nam tang tir nam 2002 din thang 10/2012 2.2.2 Xet vi he sd co gidn viec ldm cua LDNN & Viet Nam - Tmdc hgi nhap, giai doan 2004-2007, he so co gian viec lam la 2,76%; - Sau hgi nhap, giai doan 2008-2012, he s6 co gian viec lam la 1,97% Nam 2011: cu 1% tang len cua GDP thyc tl eua khu vyc FDI thi ty Ie LDNN vao Viet Nam lam viec tang 3,91% Dilu cho thiy dau tu cua nudc ngoiti tang se lao nhieu viec Iam, tang cau cua thi tmdng lao dgng 2.3 Xet ve mirc m& cua ciia Viet Nam Sau Viet Nam gia nhap WTO (nam 2008), toe md ciia nen kinh tk cao, thu hiit dau tu nudc ngoai cang nhieu, gia Uj xuat nhap khau gia lang manh, Cac nganh tham dung lao dgng cd co hdi md rpng san xuat vit xuat khau dan den tang nhu cau lao ddng Cling vdi su chuyen giao va ky thuat cdng nghe mdi, md rpng san xuat da lam cho ddng lao ddng nude ngoai vao Viel Nam tang nhanh hon va vdi nhiau hinh Ihiic da dang hem Sau khung hoang kinh te (2009-2010), de lang cudng xuat khau, sau giai doan Ihu hut manh vdn dau tu nudc ngoai, Viel Nam can cai thien nang lyc canh tranh da trd eae ddi thu manh tran thuang tmdng, diau ddi hdi tmdng lao ddng nudc cin cd ngudn nhan luc du sire thay thd va canh tranh vdi lao ddng nudc ngoai 2.3 Ty le LDNN vdo Viet Nam theo chau luc Bang 1: T> le tang hiing nam so LDNN lam viec dViet Nam (2002-10/2012) Nam 2002 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 Thang 10/2012 Sd lugng (ngudi) 6.938 12.602 21.217 34.117 43000 52.633 55 428 56.929 74000 78440 So vdi nam tmdc (%) 181.64 168,36 160,80 126,04 122,40 142,49 102.71 129.99 106,00 Ngudn: Tgp chi Cdng sdn dien lir sd 16 (ndm 2009) vd Cue Viec ldm - Bd Lao ddng, Thuemg binh vd Xd hdi (2002-2012) So 199 Ihang 01/2014 Killil ly'liat trien GlH IflO DUC S BflO Tl # Hinh 2: He so CO gian viec lam so vol GDP 90000 80000 70000 60000 50000 40000 (53,, 490)/ 2009 2010 /490) i'egOO 3000O 20000 10000 I I 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2011 2012 [=1GDP thyc te cua khu VU'C FDI (tyddng) ^ ^ H e so CO gian viec lam cua lao dong nu'd'c ngoai khu vuc FDI Nguon: Tinh todn cua de tdi tu ngudn so lieu cua Tong cue thdng ke Bang 2: MIJC dp mtf cira cua nen kinh tl giai doan 2004-2011 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 GDP ThiJc te (Ty dong) 362.435 393,031 425.373 461,344 490,458 516,568 551 600 584,496 Xuat khau + NhSp khau (Tydong) 994 432 1-193,766 I 478-656 1,940.224 2.540 183 2.437 038 3275 179 4.518 569 Mirc mis cira nen kinh te (Tong XNK/GDP) (Un) 74 04 48 4,21 72 94 73 18 2011 Ngudn: Tinh lodn cua de tdi lir ngudn sd lieu cua Tdng cue thdng ke Theo Ihdng ka eua Cyc Viec lam - Bd LDTBXH thi sl LDNN lam viec tai Viet Nam ehu yeu lit nhirng ngudi mang quoc tich chau A (Nhat Ban, Han Quoc, Dai Loan, Tmng Qude ), ehiem 58%; lai la chau Au (Anh, Phap, ) chiem 28,5% va cac chau luc khac la 13,5% Dac biet, nhiing nam gan day (nhat la nam 2010) sd lao ddng phd Ihdng khdng nghe tir Tmng Qude vao kha nhiau theo cac chii dy an tning thiu tai Vidl Nam 2.4 Ty le LDNN vdo Viet Nam theo gi&i tinh vd tudi Lao ddng ngudi nudc ngoai la nam gidi chiem xip xi 90% va nu gidi ehi chiem 10% tdng sd ngudi nude ngoai d Viet Nam, dd lao dpng cd dp tudi lit 30 trd len chiam da sd, 2.5 Ty le LDNN vdo Viet Nam ldm viec theo trinh dp chuyen mon vd vi tri ldm vifc Bang3: LDNN lam viec & Viet Nam phan theo gidi \ a dp tuoi Tyia(%l Lao ddmz nuoc neoiii 89,9 Nam 10,1 Nii Dudi 30 ludi Tir 30 tudi trd ian Nguon Cue Viic ldm - Bd Lao ddng Thuong binh vd Xd hdi (2002-2012) ^''199 thdng 01/2014 kmhlAllm ?lflO DUC 5i BflO THO Hinh 3: S6 LD.N.N diigrc cap phep tinh din nam 2012 7.10% 39.90% v ^ ^ ^ ^ H / _ 52.90% • Khdng thudc dien cap phep i^Oa du'gc cap phep s Chiia diigc cap phep Nguon; Cue Viec ldm - Bg Lao dgng Thuang binh vd Xd hgi (2002-2012) Bang 4: Trinh dp chuyen mon ciia lao dong nunc ngoai So lu'O'ng (nguai) Noi dung STT Ty le (%) Tong so lao dong nydrc ngoai, do; 77,087 100 Tit dai hoc Ircr len 51.458 66,75 Nghe nhan nganh nghe truyen thong 809 1,05 Kinh nghiem lam viec tren nam 10.448 13,55 Khac 14.372 18,65 Ngudn: Tdng hop sd lieu bdo cdo cua cdc Sa Lao dong- Thuang binh vd Xa hdi Trong ty le LDNN la nghe nhan va Iam nghe tmyen thdng thi bao gdm ca lao dgng khdng ed Irinh dp Cd 81,35% LDNN vao Viet Nam Iam viec la lao dgng ed Uinh va ky nang eac ITnh vyc, LDNN lit nhiing lao ddng khac bao gdm nhirng LDNN khdng ed trinh dd vao Viet Nam lam viec Tuy nhian, thuc tl rit khd xae djnh ehinh xac eac sd vi nhung bit cap edng lac quan ly Phan Idn LDNN vao Viel Nam la chuyen gia LDNN d Viel Nam hien lai Tinh hinh tram Ugng chuyen giao edng nghe va can bp quan Iy, 27% han dia phuong ed eae edng Irinh/du an nudc Bang 5: Vi tri viec Iiim cua LDNN Ty le (%) \'i tri lam viec 3L8 - Lao dgng quan ly 41.2 - Chuyan gia 27 - Lao dons khac Ngudn - Cue Viec ldm - Bo Lao ddng Thuang binh vd Xd hoi (2002-2012) So 199 Ihdng 01/2014 68 klnhteJ'hattm 7lflO Dues DflO Tl ngoai dau tu hoac tinng thiu tiong ITnh vyc xay dyng, khai khoang, nhu xay dyng nhii may, xay dyng cdng trinh giao thdng, khai thac md, mang theo lao dpng phd thong la ngudi nudc ngoai vao Vi^t Nam 73% lao dpng nudc ngoiii la quan Iy, giam doc dieu hiinh, tmdng dai dien cac td chiic qude tl, thuemg mai va cac hinh thiie hgp tac qude ll khae d Viet Nam, nhung nha chuyen gia va quan ly d bac cao, phy Iraeh cae cdng viec ddi hdi chuyan mdn ky thuat cao ma lao ddng Viet Nam chua dam nhan dirpc litm viec eac doanh nghiep Bai toan dat cho cac nha quan ly doanh nghiep va cae nha hoaeh dinh chinh sach d nudc ta Ihdi gian tdi can phai dito lao ngudn nhan luc thay thi lyc lupng chuyen giao va di chuyen khdi thi tmdng laodong Viet Nam Cac giai phap dao tao thay the nguon nhan lyc Viet Nam Trong qua Irinh tai ca ciu nan kinh te vii phat trien theo hudng cdng nghiep hda, hien dai hda eac dong lao ddng uan ihi tmdng cd sy djch chuyan manh, nganh ndng ngbiep, quan ly cdng cd xu hirdng thu hep lao ddng Lao dgng nhung nganh se dugc djch chuyen sang cac nganh cong nghiep vit dich vu khae, tac ddng manh vao chuyen djch lao ddng theo nganh chu yau la cac yeu to nhu: ehinh sach dito tao, gia lang tdng viec lam va giam dit ndng nghiep Ty le lao ddng khdng cd bang cap, lao ddng liim nghi gian dan va lao ddng nong nghiep giam manh lai cau tnic kinh la hudng tdi nen kinh ta tang tmdng va chal va ben vung Cac doanh nghiep, dd cdng budc phai eo cau lai lao dpng eho phii hgp vdi viec ddi mdi, nang cap cong nghe Lao dpng cd tay nghe va lao ddng cdng nghiep va dich vii lang dung va sua dyng lao ddng trinh trinh tmng va eao cip Trong dao tao, cin cd co chi lien kit khuyen khieh doanh nghiep tham gia vito dao tao phat trien dao tao dung dja chi va theo don dat hang Cac chinh sach cua Nha nudc can tao dilu kien da eae co sd dao tao edng lap va tu thuc phat triln bmh dang, canh Uanh cdng bing Uen ca sd tiau chuan dau Cac chinh sach dao tao, diu tu, thui, dat dai cung can cd ehe dp khuyin khich ddi vdi cac tmdng "dang cap" dao tao trinh ky thuat cdng nghe bae eao dap ung nhu cau canh Uanh ciia thj tmdng Doanh nghiep can xay dyng chian lugc phiit trien ngudn nhan lyc cua minh da cd the thay thi lao ddng nudc ngoai Dao tao va sir dyng hieu qua ddi ngu va phat uian dpi ngu Xay dung cac quy che dao lao vii vj tri viec litm doanh nghiep dam bao Ua edng tuong xirng vdi vj tri chirc Uach dam nhiem Can cd chinh sach dai ngd nhan titi va mi dai tuyen dyng hpc sinh dat kat qua xuat sac Ddng thdi khuyan khich cac em hpc tiep tuc d cac bac cao hon da CO tha ddn dau nhirng tyu ucn bp ve khoa hoc cdng nghe nan tian uan tha gidi, Thii hai, hoan thienchucmg trinh giao trinh va dpi ngu giang \ ien nam bat dugc cdng nghe mdi va nhu cau thj tmdng Tang cudng quan ly dao tao theo chat lugng dau He thdng cac eo sd dao tao can dupc phan loai vii xay dung chuan dau theo nhu eau bian dpng eua ihi tmdng Da la dugc dieu ddi hdi chuang trinh giao trinh ludn dugc cap nhat ddi mdi, Ke hoach dao tao, he thdng kiem dinh chat lugng, dinh miie vit cbi phi dito tao ciing can phat trien linh hoat dam bao cho dao tao Mdt nhiing giai phap phat trian dito tao Lao ddng cd chuyen mdn bae cao vit bac Imng, va quan trgng lit dao tao ddi ngii giang vien "vira hdng lao dpng djch vu ed ky nang lit nhimg nghe dugc su vira chuyen" Ddi vdi dpi ngii giang vian cd trinh dp dyng nhieu cac nganh dich vu, chu yau phue cao vl ly thuyit va tay nghe can cd ca che chinh vy cau nudc dan ddn tang cau ddi vdi can bd sach dai ngd nhu lien luong tian thudng, ehinh saeh lanh dao va quan ly Mat khac, nhu cau bd sung cho chdng "chay mau chit xam" de hp het Idng tmyan lupng lupng lao ddng nudc ngoai nil khdi thi trudng dat kiln thiic eho hpe sinh Xay dyng chinh sach lao dpng Viet Nam dan dan cau kep ddi vdi lao ddng khuyin khieh cac co sd dao tao cd tha phat tnen san chuyan mdn ky thual bac cao Vdi xu hudng bian xuit dich vu, nghian ciru khoa hpc iing dung vao ilpng ddng LDNN vao Viet Nam vit de dap iing nhu thuc lien cau thi tmdng, thai gian tdi can chit trgng mdt Thii ba nang cao ca sd vat chat ddi vdi cac ca sd so giai phap sau: dao lao nhit ia hp thing thipl bi may mdc phgc vy Thir nhal, can hoan thipn the cha dao tao tuyen dao tao Phat huy nghien cim cai tien ky thuat ddi "^'i 199 Ihdng 01/2014 69 kinhlrittiilH'ii'fi ^flO DUC S DflO TflO vdi phdng thi nghiem phyc vu giang day Nang cao thuang hien dao tao ddi vdi cae ca sd dao tao He thdng thdng tin, thu vien Uong cac co sd dao lao cdng can dugc diu tu nang cap de cd the kdt ndi lien thdng khdng nhihig nudc ma cdn lien thdng vdi cac CO sd dao lao ngoai nudc Thu tu, Dy bao nhu cau va vj tri viec lam thay the lao dpng nuac ngoai; can ddi vdi nhu cau dao tao cho nen kinh Id qude dan Tang cudng ddi mdi Ur Uong dao tao va quan ly giao due dao lao theo hudng xay dung nan kinh te Ui thiic va xa hgi hda sy hgc tap sudt ddi Irong loan xa hdi Ket luan D I nang cao hieu qua dao lao va sii dung ngudn nhan lyc thay Ihl LDNN, dap iing nhu ciu thi tmdng, Nha nudc can quan tam dau tu tir hoan thien thi chi, thiet chi din td chiic thyc hien dieu tiet, theo ddi va giam sat thi tmong lao dgng vdi eac budc di thich hgp Phan cdng rd tiach nhiem su phdi hgp giiia cac nganh cac cap tir tmng uong den dja phuang gdp phan thuc hien thang igi chien lugc kinh le-xa hgi den 2020 • Tai lieu tham khao: Cue Viec lam - Bp Lao dpng, Thuang binh va Xa hpi (2002-2012) Bao cao thudng nien Ha Npi Bp Lao dpng, Thuang bmh va Xa hpi (2012) Gid hda ddn sd a Viit Nam - thdch thiec ddi vai suphdt trien kinh ti - xa hdi http://www.molisa.gov.vn/new Tmy cap lan cuoi ngayl5/12/2012 Bp Tai chinh (2012) Birc Iranh todn cdnh kinh texa hSi Viet Nam ndm 2011 http://www.mof.gov.vn/portal/page/portal/mof^vn/1539781?pers_id=2177092&item_id=52479885&p_details=l Tmy cap lin cudi 25/3/2013 Chinh Phil (2012), Bdo cdo cua Thit lu&ng Chinh phu truac Quoc hdi ve tinh hinh kinh te- xd hdi ndm 2011, ke hogch phdt triin kinh te- xa hgi nam 2012 vd ndm 20! 1-201 xem todn vdn lai http.//www vietnamplus vn/Home/Thuluong-bao-cao-linh-hmh-kmh-texa-hoi-2011/201UO/110068.vnplus Tmy cap lan cuoi 30/3/2013 Thu tudng Chinh phu (2004) Quyet dinh sd 87/2004/Q§-TTg ngdy 19/5/2004 ve ban hdnh qui chi qudn ly hoat ddng cua nhd ihdu nuoc ngodi linh vuc xdy dung lgi Viit Nam Ha Npi Solutions to improving the local human resource to compete with foreign workforce Abstract; This paper presents the foreign labor situation in Vietnam in recent years and the relationship between foreign labor with economic growth The paper also recommends alternative solutions to improving the local human resource to compete with foreign workforce Thong tin tac gia: * Nguyen Thi Thu HirOng, thgc si - Noi cong tdc: Vien Khoa hoc Lao dgng vd Xd hoi - Linh vuc nghien ciru chinh cua tdc gid: Cdc vdn de lao dgng vd xd hgi - Mgt so tgp chi tieu bieu md tdc gid dd timg ddng tdi cong trinh nghien cuu: Tgp chi Lao dong vd Xd hgi Email; khtcqlkh(^gmail.com **Trdn Bich Thiiy - Nai cong ldc- Vien Khoa hoc Lao dgng vd Xd hgi 70 kinh leJ'hat (rien NGHI6N CUU - TRflO MOT SO DE XUAT DOI VOI HOAT DONG HOACH D M CHINK SACH QUAN LY NHA M'OC \'E THI TRU'O'NG BAT DONG SAN' VIET NAM THOd GLiN TOd Ngo Tuan \nh^ Thong qua ddnh gid thuc trgng thi truang bdt dong sdn, hogt ddng hogch dinh chinh sdch qudn ly nhd nu&c ve thi tnrdng bdt dgng sdn cua Viet Nam nhirng ndm qua, tdc gid nit nhiing tdn tai, hgn che doi vol hogt dgng hogch dinh chinh sdch qudn ly nhd nu&c doi vai lmh vuc ndy Nghien cicu cdng dua mot sd de xudt ddi v&i hogt dgng hogch dinh chinh sdch qudn ly nhd nuac ve thi trudng bdt dong sdn thai gian lai theo hudng tudn theo cdc quy ludt cita kinh te thi Irucmg Tir khda: Bat ddng san, chinh sach quan ly nha nudc, thi trudng bat ddng san, quan ly nha nudc ve thi trudng bat ddng san Gidi thieu Thj irudng bat ddng san cimg vdi thj Irudng vdn va thj Irudng lao dpng cd vai trd dac biet quan trong CO cau thj trudng cda nen kinh lc, sy bat dn xay vdi bat cir thj trudng nao deu tae ddng lieu cyc ddn cac thi trudng khac va loan bg nan kinh te Thyc te da chiing minh cac tac ddng tich cue lan tiau cue cua thi trudng tdi cac nen kinh le Iran the gidi, lii cac nen kinh ta Idn nhu My, Trung Qude, Nhal Ban ldi cac nudc nhd nhu Viet Nam sudl nua the ky qua Viet Nam eung vay, nen kinh te dang phai ddi mat vdi rat nhieu khd khan, dac biel ddi vdi thi trudng bat ddng san nhiing nam qua, bieu hien la tdn kho bat ddng san cyc Idn, np xau cang tang cao, mac du Qude hgi, Chinh phu va eac nha dau lu da cd nhiau bien phap thao ga nhung kat qua khdng niiiy kha quan Nam 2013, mac du gia bat ddng san t^i cac Thanh phd Idn nhu Ha Ngi, Hd Chi Minh da giam 30- 35% so vdi mire dinh diam tai mdt sd khu dd thi, thj irudng bat ddng san van du thira ngudn cung va khdng ban duge hang Ng xau bat dgng san da gay tinh trang ng xau ddi vdi nhieu ngdnh kinh te khac khdng thao gd dugc khd khan cho thj Irudng bat dpng san thi cac thj trudng khac cung khdng giai toa dugc Giai quyel dugc hang tdn kho thi mdi giai quyet dugc tinh khoan ciia doanh nghipp, tir dd giai quyat dugc ng xau cua So 199 Ihdng 01/2014 doanh nghiep, dan ddn giai quyel duoc ng xau ciia ngan hang, day chinh la nut that ciia nan kinh ta hien Sy yau kem cua nan kinh ta ndi chung va khd khan ciia thi trudng bat ddng san ndi riang gay bdi nhiau nguyen nhan, ca khach quan lan chii quan, nhung rd rang cd sy yau kem boat ddng quan ly nha nudc, yeu kem hoach djnh chinh sach quan ly nha nudc, nhiau chinh sach dugc ban hanh khdng phu hgp vdi thue ta Viet Nam da hdi nhap sau rdng, trd thanh vien cua WTO va dang xay dung kinh ta thj Irudng Do dd, cac chinh sach quan ly nha nudc ve kinh le ndi chung va quan ly thi trudng bat ddng san ndi neng phai phii hgp vdi cac quy luat cua kinh ie ihi trudng Thi trudng bat dong san nam 2013 va hoat dong hoach djnh chinh sach quan ly nha nudc vc thj trud'ng bat dong san thoi gian qua 2.1 Ve naxdu vd tdn kho bdt dgng sdn Trudc khd khan hien lai, Qude hpi, Chinh phii va cac doanh nghiep deu quyet tam giai ciiu inrdng bat ddng san bang mpt loat cae quydt sach quan trpng nhu ban hanh cac co cha chinh sach thao gd, tung gdi giai ciiu ng xau 30000 ly ddng, lap Cdng ty quan ly tai san cua cae td chirc tin dung Viet Nam (\A\1C) nham giai ciru ng xau Tuy nhien, kel qua dal dugc khdng may kha quan Dau nam 2013 thi truang bat ddng san tai cac phd Idn van am kInlihU'liiillrii'i ^ ' GHICN cuu-TflflO BOI dam, du gia tiep tyc giam, nhung tinh khoan van thip, chi cd diem sang d phan khiic can hd chung eu cd gia tren 10 trieu ddng/m^, dien tieh nhd va nha d da hoan thien cd giao dieh tang Khi thj trudng bat dpng san gap khd khan, hien tugng dau ca, Iam gia, tam ly dam dgng se giam thidu, dd Ihi trudng se bj ehi phdi manh han bdi quy luat cung ciu, nhiing phan khue bat dpng san van chua dugc dua ve gia thi ttirdng se tilp Uie khd khan va se cdn khd khan hem nua, gia se tilp Uic giam Uong nam 2013, danh gia ehung thi gia se tiep Uic giam nam 2013 vi Cung van tang nhieu ban Cau dan, quy md dien tich nhd Dac biet, xu hudng ng vay cang Idn bit chip doanh thu va lgi nhuan sut giam manh Vdi viec bang tdn kho eua cac doanh nghiep cang lang chi phi lai suat dugc vdn hda se Iam cho gia bit dgng san cang tang Dilu tiem in nguy eo thi trudng bat dpng san sup tuong lai Tuy sd lieu cdn chua thong nhat, nhirng thuc te cho thiy ring, thi trudng bit dpng san dang tdn tai vin dl la hang tdn kho Idn va no xau cao, dan den tinh trang tren bdi nhieu nguyen nhan, nhu: Thic nhdt, thj Uu'dng bit dpng san phat trian mat Vl ng xiu: Cd nhilu sd lieu khac vl ng xau can ddi, dac biet ddi vdi dit biet thy va ehung cu cao dugc dua ra, day la dilu hoan toan binh thudng, thi cap Su phai triln lech lae ciia Ihi tnrdng din din sir nao la xiu nhieu khd doan dinh, so lieu cdng bd phan bd ngudn lue khdng cd hieu qua Tinh Uang thi nao thudc pham vi ciia doanh nghiep nan kho mil khoan Uong phan khiic bit dgng san cao can thiep, cac co quan quan ly nha nudc thu thap sd cip, nha diu Ur thilu vdn, ngudi tiau dung thilu lieu lu ngudn nao Thuc tl hien nay, cac Id nilm lin vao thi trudng, thilu cung nha gia re xay chirc tin dung hay doanh nghiep coi mdt khoan np d hau het cac thj la ng xiu, thuc ll nd da rat xau rdi, neu khoan ng Thir hai, kilm soat ludng vdn Iim chuyin ddi vdi xiu cdn chua giai quylt dugc khoang thdi thj trudng bit dgng san cdn han chi, ludng von gian dai thi nd cdn xau hon rat nhieu nhilu khdng din duoe dung dia ehi, din din Theo {Bdo cdo na xdu khong dung 2013) cho khdng hieu qua, gay lang phi ngudn lyc Do vay, co bilt: Iheo Ngan hang nha nudc (NHNN), linh dan thi danh gia chinh sach tai chinh bit dpng san 28/2/2013, ty la ng xiu Iinh vue bit ddng nhiau yeu kem, bat cap san giam xuong chi cdn 5,68%, cao hon so vdi mue Thir ba, cac thdng tin vl bit ddng san khong diy 5,39% lai thai dilm 31/12/2012 Tuy nhidn, IJy ban giam sal tai ehinh qude gia eho rang, didn bian ng du, thiau minh bach nan nha dau tu ciing nhu nguoi xau eua nganh phan anh khdng diing vdi bien dan khd khan lilp can Nhirng han cha da ddng cua thj trudng bat ddng san Theo ea quan nay, gay tae dpng dau cyc dan su phat trien eua nen kinh tinh ddn cudi thang 4/2013, li leng xau eua bat dpng te ndi chung va mat di long tin eiia ngudi dan, nha san thupc nhdm cao nhat vdi sd 11,4% Vdi sd diu tu Sy tang gia phi ly Iren thj trudng bat dpng lieu cdng bd hian nay, sd ng xau rat khac san thdi gian trudc la tinh trang ddng vdn dau co va eae suy dien qua dd ciing khac Thdng ao at vao thj trudng vdi hy vpng thu Icfi Ihudng, d cae nudc, sd no xau thd hian khoang 1% nhanh, day gia bit ddng san tang qua cao va hau qua tren tdng du ng da bi coi la nhieu, dan 2% la bao la dan den bong bdng bit ddng san ddng, 3% la trudng hpp ngoai Ie 2.2 Ve hogt dgng hogch dinh chinh sdch qudn \'e hang ton kho: Theo (Ton kho bdt dong sdn gidm 108 nghin ty ddng 2013j cho bidt: can cii so lieu thdng kd cua Bp Xay dung tinh den bet thang 3.'2013 sd lugng hang tdn kho bat ddng san tren 125 nghin ty ddng tdn kho can hg chung cu khoang 65 nghin ty, dat nen khoang nghin ty tinh den thang 6/2013 gia Iri hang ton kho bat dpng san da giam xudng edn 108 nghin ty ddng tuong ling 15%, nguyen nhan viec hang ton kho bat ddng san giam la mdt phan can hp da dugc giai phdng dd tap trung d phan khiic du an cd gia binh So 199 thdng 01/2014 ly nhd nicdc He thdng cdng cy quan ly vT md ddi vdi thi trudng bat ddng san la mdt ehinh tha thdng nhat cua cac quan diem, chian lugc, giai phap, phuong hen cu the duge Chinh phu su dung qua trinh hi?n thuc hoa cae muc tieu da dat Hien nay, quanly thi trudng bat dpng san dua Uen nhiing loai cdng cu chinh sau: cac cdng cu phap luat va dat dai, bat dpng san; cac cdng cy quy hoach, ka hoach sir dung dat; cac cdng cy lai chinh bat ddng san; cac cdng cv quan ly hanh chinh 30 kjiiltli'Attriii N G H I C N CUU - TRflO 2.1 Cdng cu lugl phdp 2.3 Chinh sach quan ly bat ddng san dugc quan tam diing vai tam quan trpng cua nd doi vdi nIn kinh tl Trong khoang thdi gian Ur nam 2004-2011, Viet Nam da ban hanh he thdng cac van ban quy pham phap luat lien quan den nha d va thi trudng bat ddng san tuong ddi so, khoang gan 100 cac van ban quy pham phap luat quan trpng nhu Luat, Nghj quyat, thdng tu, quyel djnh ed nhieu Luat quan trpng nhu nhu Luat Dat dai, Luat Nha d, Luat Kinh doanh bat ddng san, Luat Xay dyng dieu chinh phan Idn cac hoat ddng Irong Iinh vuc Cong cu quy hogch, ke hogch su dung ddt Dang Hung Vd (2013) cho rang mac du Quoc hpi, Chinh phu va cac nganh da ban hanh cac van ban quy pham phap lual ve lap, pha duyet \ a quan ly cac loai quy hoach lao khung khd phap ly cho viec xay dung va quan ly cac quy hoach hidn cd, nhu Nghj djnh sd 92/2006/ND-CP, 07/9/2006 ve lap, pha duyel va quan ly quy hoach tdng thd phat triln kinh te- xa hdi; Nghj djnh sd 04/2008/ND-CP sira ddi, bd sung mdt sd dieu ciia Nghj djnh sd 92; Nghj dinh sd 69/2009/ND-CP, 13/8/2009 sua ddi, bd sung ve quy hoach, ka hoach su dung dat theo hudng mdi cap quy hoach chi quan tam ldi mdt sd ehi tieu sir dung dal nhat dinh; Luat Dat dai nam Bang 1; IVIot so van ban quy pham phap luat Uen quan den thi trudng hat ddng san So Hinh thirc So, ky hieu TT van ban van ban Ndi dung Van ban Quoc hoi ban hanh Luat 56/2005/QHll Nhad Luat 63 2006'QHll Kinh doanh bat ddng san Luat 34/2009/01-112 Sua ddi, bd sung Diau 126 cua Luat Nha o va Dieu 121 ciia Luat Dat dai Van ban Chinh phii va Thu tuong Chinh phu ban hanh Nghi dinh 153/2007/ND-CP Nghi quyat 06/2004/NO-CP Quy djnh chi tiet va hudng dan thi hanh Luat Kinh doanh bat ddng san Ve mpt sd giai phap phat tnen lanh manh thj trudng bat ddng san Chi thj 11/2007/CT-TTg Trien khai thi banh Luat Kinh doanh bat dpng san Chi Ihl 01/2008/CT-TTg Ve mdt sd giai phap day manh phat tnan va quan ly Ihi irudng bat ddng san Vanb an Bo Xay dung ban hanh Thdng tu 13/2008/TT-BXD Hudng dan thuc hien mdt sd ndi dung cua Nghi dinh sd 153/2007,'^D-CP 15/10/2007 cua Chinh phu quy dinh chi tiat va hudng dan thi hanh Lual kuih doanh bat ddng san Thdng tu 12/2011/TT-BXD Hirdng dan thuc hien mpt sd npi dung eiia Nghj dinh sd 74 2005 ND-CP 07 2005 cua Chinh phu vl phdng, chdng nia tian ddi vdi hoal dpng kinh doanh bat dpng san \giidn Tdng hif/} cua tdt gui (2013) .So 199 Ihdng 01/2014 kinli Id'hiil (rien ^ < 'GHICN CUU - TRflO iDOl 2003 da tap Uung no lyc vao hoan ehinh he thdng tir chuyin quyen sii dung dit, thui sir dung dat, bdi quy hoach, kl hoach sir dung; Nghi dinh sd thudng thiet hai vl dit, le phi dja chinh, Ie phi ti^dc 181/2004/ND-CP vl thi hanh Luat Dit dai; Sau ba Do do, viec xac dinh gia dit phai dam bao Luat Dit dai nam 2003 dugc thdng qua, Qude hdi nguyen tic: Sat vdi gia chuyen nhuong quyen sir cung da thdng qua quy hoach su dung dit din nam dyng dat thuc tl Uen thi truong Uong dieu kien binh 2020 va kl hoaeh sir dung dit giai doan 2011-2015 Ihudng cung dugc Chinh phu va cac dja phuong cap quoc gia eho thiy rieng linh vyc quy hoach, quan tam, Ihuc hien Diln hmh, nhu Uy ban Nhan kl hoach sir dung dat cd nhiau van ban quy pham dan (UBND) Thanh phd Ha Npi vira ban hanh phap luat quy dinh cho thiy khd cd sy thong nhal Quylt dinh sd 27/20I3/QD-UBND cd hieu luc Ihi hanh Ur 28/7/2013 vl quy dinh chi tiet viee xac dinh lmh vue quan ly gia dit d, gia ban nha tai dinh cu (TDC) Iam can cir Cao Van Ban (2013) tin ring cac quy djnh Uong bdi thudng, hd tra va tai djnh cu Nha nudc thu he thong van ban phap luat hian hanh ciing cdn bdc hdi dit Uen dia ban Theo do,tirongUTidng hgp xac Id nhiing han chi ve hieu lyc phap Iy, thiau cac quy djnh gia dit d Iam can cii de bdi tiiudng hd Up, neu djnh dam bao dp tin cay va tinh kha thi cua cac quy gia dit d UBND Thanh phd Ha Ndi quy dmh tai hoaeh dugc phe duyet, dan ddn cdng tac quy hoach tbdi diem sau Ihdng bao thu hdi dil chua sat vdi gia cdn nhieu bit cap, thieu tam nhin xa, thidu tinh du chuyin nhupng quyln su dung dat thue ta uan thi bao; Ur din din cac quy hoach se rdi rac, chap va, Irudng Uong dilu kien binh thudng dieu the thilu lien kit, kem ban vung, khdng hieu qua, gay hien quyll lam cua cac cip, cac dja phuong tiiong lang phi vl ca hdi, lai nguyan, dat dai, vdn dau tu', qua hoach dinh chinh sach tai chinh se giup thj ngudn nhan luc trudng bit ddng san phat trien dn djnh Urong 2.4 Cong CIA tdi chinh bdt dgng sdn lai Cac cdng eu cda chinh sach tai chinh ludn cd vai 2.5 Cong cu qudn ly hdnh ehinh trd cue ky quan Uong viec tao vdn, ngudn luc cho phat Uien kmh te- xa hgi Thi trudng bat ddng san cung khdng la ngoai Ie, va dugc qui dinh Uong nhiau van ban quy pham phap luat khac nhu Luat dil dai, Luat xay dung Tnrdc bdi canh thi trudng bat ddng san sul giam keo dai, Quoc hdi, Chinh phu va cac nganh da ban hanh nhiau chu Uuong, chinh saeh Idn nham thao go khd khan cho thj Irudng bat ddng san, nhu: Chinh phu da ban hanh Nghi quyll so 02/NQ-CP 7/01/2013 eua Chinh phu ve mgt sd giai phap thao gd khd khan cho san xual kinh doanh, hd trg thi trudng, giai quyat ng xau; Thdng tu sd 228/20I2/TT- BTC cua Bd Tai chinh ban hanh 27/12/2012 quy djnh ro ve viee huy dpng vdn, lap, quan Iy va giam sat boat ddng eua Quy Dau tu bat ddng san, cdng ty dau tu ehimg khoan bai ddng san va neu ro vai trd cua ngan hang giam sat cung nhu td chue tham dinh gia Hanh lang phap ly eho Quy Dau tu bat dpng san edn dugc xac djnh tai Dilu 91 Nghi dinh 58/2012/NDCP quy dinh bat ddng san duge phep dau tu phai d Viet Nam vdi muc dich cho thua hoac de khai thae nham muc dich thu lgi Uic dn dinh Chinh sach quan ly diau hanh gia dat la edng cu ciia Nha nude dl thyc hien cac ehinh saeh lai chinh ddi vdi dil dai nhu thu lien sii dung dal, Uen thua dit, Ihul thu nhap So 199 Ihdng 01/2014 Npi dung cua quan Iy hanh chinh ddi vdi thi trudng bit dgng san rdt rpng, ehu yeu nhat la quan ly khai thae, xay dung bat dpng san; quan Iy thj Irudng bat ddng san; quan Iy thu nhap bat dpng san va quan ly quyen tai san bat ddng san Day la he Ihdng van ban banh chinh quy djnh Ihii tuc tao lap, giao djch, chuyan nbugng quyan lien quan tdi nha dat, bat dgng san da duge cae eo quan quan ly nha nude ban hanh Uong sudt thdi gian qua Don gian hoa thu tuc hanh chinh cung nam chian luoc cai each thu bac hanh chinh cua ea nude, 86 Xay dung da ban hanh Thdng Ur sd 02/2013/TT-BXD nham nil ngan Ihu tuc hanh chinh nham giup cac doanh nghiep ehuyen ddi muc dich cac dy an nha d thuong mai sang nha d xa hpi Tuy nhian, nhieu ndi com, nhu le nan tham nhiing, quan lieu, thu tuc hanh chinh rudm dang la trd ngai Idn cho su phat trien, ndi com xay ITnh vyc tai nguyen dat dai, va dang lo ngai la miie dp cang tang nhiing nam gan day 2.6 Tdn tgi, hgn chi ddi v&i hogch dinh chinh sdch qudn ly nhd nu&c Chinh sach quan Iy nha nudc cdn thieu, chua ddng bp, cdn nhiau khoang Udng, thieu nhat quan, chua dap iing duge nguyen tac kinh te thj trudng, 32 kinlKvJMtrifi N G H I C N CUU - TRflO Bang 1: Ket qua phan tich lya chon cac biSn dau ra, dau vao Mo hinh Dau vao TA IN OE EQ Dau EB RE EPS DEA * • * * * • * * * * * * * • • Mo hinh Dau vao TA RE OE PCL Dau ea TL/EQ IN NPL DEA trucmg hap xau nhat * • * • * » * * • * • * * • + * * • • * * He so tu-ffng He so tu-ffng quan hang (r.) 0,913 0,902 quan hang (r.) 0,970 0,795 0,956 Ngudn: Tinh lodn cua cdc tdc gid su dung phdn men DEAP (Coelli vd cong su, 2005) - mirc riii ro citng Idn dd dat dugc diem hieu qua Do vay, nhiing hang nao ed chi sd Idn chung Id hang dd la "tdi" ban va dugc xep hang thap hem Ket qua thuc nghiem 4.1 So lifu vd ede bien so su dung Nghien ciiu sir dung sd lieu thu thap lu Bao eao till ehinh hgp nhal kiem loan eua 31 NHTM nam giai doan 2008-2011 va 27 NHTM nam 2012 cho md hinh DEA chuin va DEA tmdng hpp xiu nhit Cac biln s6 duoc sir dung bai nghian ciru bao gdm' long titi san (TA); chi phi lai vay (IN); vdn chu sd hiiu (EQ); Igi nhuan chua phan phdi (RE); thu nhap trudc Ihue (EB); thu nhap Uen mdi ed phieu (EPS); tdng np trdn vdn chu sd hihi (TL/EQ) vit ng xau (NPL), chi phi hoal dgng (OE); chi phi dy phdng nii ro tin dung (PCL) Theo dd, de lua chpn bien dau ra, dau vao phii hgp cho md hinh, nghien ciiu da su dung kiam djnh tuong quan hang Spearman Tmdc hat, chung la udc lupng hieu qua ky thuat cho md hinh DEA va DEA tmdng hgp xiu nhat vdi cac td hgp cac bien dau va dau viio khac Sau dd thuc hien kiem dinh tuong quan hang cac md hinh dua them vdi md hinh gdc da kicm dinh xem lieu td hgp cae bien lua chgn Uong md hinh gdc cd thuc su phu hpp hay khdng He sd tuong quan hang dudi day dugc tinh tmng binh cho nam giai doan 2008-2012 Cac hp sd luong quan hang eho biat miic tuang quan giira each xep hang cac ngan hang tiong md hinh lya chpn vdi md hinh gdc (md hinh 1) \a dugc eho bdi cdng ihiic: Idf n(n2 - 1)J SU99 Ihdng 01/2014 vdi r^ la be sd tuong quan hang; d^ lit su sai khac giua xep bang NHTM thir i Uong hai md hinh; n la sd NHTM dugc xap hang Ket qua linh loan cho thay each xep hang d md hinh gdc cd mue dp tuong quan cao vdi cae md hlnh cdn lai, Hau hat kat qua deu eho thay muc dp tucmg quan Iran 0,9, chi cd md hinh Uong DEA tmdng hgp xau nhat cd mirc tuong quan thap ban la 0,795, Tuy nhien, Ihue hien kiem djnh eho thay cac he sd luong quan hang dau cd y nghTa thdng ka d mire 5%' Nhu vay, cac bian duac su dung la cac bien md hinh d ca tmdng hpp DEA va DEA tmdng hop xau nhal 4.2 Ket qua thuc nghiem 4.2.1 Kel qud u&c luang hieu qud vd rui ro Kel qua udc lugng hieu qua ky thuat, hieu qua hoat ddng md hinh DEA chuan va riu ro md hinh DEA tmdng hgp xau nhat dugc Irinh bay bang Xet hoal dgng cua he thdng NHTM Vidl Nam ta thay, mirc hieu qua luong ddi cua loan nganh cdn d mirc thip, dae biel thap han vao nam 2008 va 2010 Trong ca giai doan nghian cim chi cd nam 2009 udc lugng hieu qua eho he thdng tang len mirc cao so vdi cac nam cdn lai Dieu cd the dugc giai thich bdi nam 2008 nudc ta da ehiu nhung tac ddng nhil djnh eua cudc khung hoang tai chinh toitn cau khiln cho cae NHTM lung tung viec xii ly khung hoang, dan din hieu qua boat dpng giam Nam 2009, Chinh phii thyc hien gdi kich eau hd trp lai suit 4% len tdi ty USD da phan nao giiip hoat dpng cua cac NHTM dugc phyc hdi Cac doanh nghipp dugc hd tip tang eudng vay vdn tir hp thdng NHTM da giiip cac NHTM giai quyet phan nao khd kinlili'J'liiiUrii PGHICN CUU - TRflO BOI khan, ting hieu qua hoat dong, dac biet loi nhuan ciia hau h a cac NHTM diu tang o miic ik cao so voi ctia cac NHTM lai roi vao tinh trang be tac, hieu qua giam siit chi ve miic xap xi nam 2008 Va tinh nam 2008 Tuy nhien, sang iin nam 2010, ma chinh sach tro lai suit 4% da kk thuc, hoat dong hinh duoc cai thien dan nam tro lfi day ma uoc luong hieu qua hoat dpng cho thay s6 Bang Ket qua i/de lirffi] g hieu qua va riii ro 31 NHTM qua eac nam DEA tnrang hop xau nhat DEA chuan NHTM 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 MBB 877 1.000 946 970 1.000 440 472 727 521 392 SacomBank 879 857 676 719 584 817 684 820 736 532 ACB 000 913 933 1.000 414 697 716 989 715 901 SHB 666 813 633 584 863 724 553 756 748 1.000 MSB 931 999 846 359 223 591 641 1000 1.000 801 EB 488 902 700 994 950 515 586 565 601 858 KienLongBank 436 1000 395 952 1.000 1.000 948 1.000 1.000 931 SeaBank 566 951 559 092 1.000 451 678 1.000 VIBank 534 920 576 394 573 882 757 765 698 693 VPBar* 364 583 477 633 789 1.000 806 755 808 686 1000 1.000 1.000 1.000 556 650 696 779 722 542 431 788 408 421 775 641 756 1.000 NaviBank 491 1.000 754 326 217 1.000 986 1.000 1.000 NamABank 078 386 348 587 590 1.000 905 937 1.000 SaigonBank TechcomBank VietABank 1.000 000 000 1.000 687 1.000 855 867 938 1.000 841 HDBank 319 640 623 632 526 1.000 725 1.000 880 J14 ABBank 124 704 546 364 677 803 534 838 676 711 OceanBank 375 592 621 513 491 1.000 789 819 678 797 PNB 417 545 662 859 249 740 786 952 1.000 1.000 MDB 1000 1000 744 1.000 979 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 840 DongABank 1.000 879 588 811 827 739 768 851 627 633 057 1.000 237 932 614 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 142 253 479 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 PGBank 567 1.000 549 1.000 830 1.000 1.000 940 1000 1.000 OricomBank 389 963 511 653 692 939 845 1.000 890 842 VielconiBank 544 000 1.000 978 1.000 285 506 605 477 391 VietinBank 599 501 866 866 1.000 657 346 820 648 499 BIDV 618 664 662 508 530 557 707 858 675 343 MHB 464 350 129 133 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 DaiABaiik 1.000 239 231 969 1.000 1.000 872 823 HabuBank 688 654 646 265 651 1.000 936 1.000 613 | 660 | VielCapitalBank WEB Mean 610 801 | Ngudn: Tinli todn aia cdc Idc gid Sii 199 iHdns 01/2014 562 675 1 815 | 765 | 870 | 941 836 ] 765 klnhleilattrlH N G H I € N cuu-TRflO E«1 ian ldi 0,66 va 0,675 Uong hai nam 2011 va 2012 Ket qua udc lugng rui ro cho eae NHTM cho thay he thdng NHTM Viet Nam cd miic nii ro Urong ddi cao Bang chirng la udc lugng nii ro tmng binh qua eae nam d miic cao hem han so vdi hieu qua hoat dgng Nau tinh tmng binh ea giai doan, hieu qua hoat dgng chi d mirc 0,673 thi miic dp rui ro tmng binh ca giai doan lit 0,781 Nam 2009 miic dp rui ro cd giam khdng dang ke so vdi nam 2008 Sang den nam 2010, ma viec bcmi tien vao he Ihdng thdng qua chinh sach hd tig lai suat kat thuc din Id ro nhiing bat dn cua NHTM d Viel Nam da day muc dd rui ro tang ian cao so vdi cac nam trude dd Tir kat qua cua hai md hinh DEA chuan va DEA tmdng hop xau nhat, chiing ta eiing cd tha thiy duge rang nhiing NHTM ed miic dp riu ro cao Ihudng la nhiing NHTM cd quy md vdn nhd^ Chang han nhu NaviBank, NamABank, SaigonBank, MDB, WEB, PGBank, Mac du chip nhan miic nii ro cao, cd the tac dpng cua cudc khiing hoang, khd canh tranh vdi cac ngan hang Idn hoal ddng huy ddng vdn; nhian, hoat ddng cua nhdm ngan hang lai chi dat dupc hieu qua khdng Ihue su nhu mong mudn, tham ehi ed nhung ngan hitng dat dugc mirc hieu qua rat thap Dac biet la Ngan hang Phat triln nha DBSCL (MHB), ludn cd mire hoat dpng hieu qua rat Ihap nhung mue dg rui ro ludn d nhdm nam tren dudng bian, tiic la mirc dp nii ro cao nhal Chi cd NHTM la NHTM CP Cong thuong Sai Gdn (SaigonBank) va NHTM CP Phat trian Me Kdng (MDB) ed thd dat dugc mirc hieu qua cao ddng thai vdi miic nii ro cao Cdn hau hat nhirng NHTM edn lai phai chju mirc hieu qua hoal dpng thap, hoac chi dat duge hieu qua cao Uong lir 1-2 nam Dieu cho thay nhung NHTM vdi quy md hoat ddng nhd cd xu hudng chap nhan rill ro nham dat dugc Igi nhuan, hieu qua boat ddng Tuy nhian, quy md nhd, kha nang quan Iy chua tdt din den viee suy giam hieu qua hoat ddng nhanh chdng gap phai nipt cii sde bat lgi nao dd tran thi tmdng tai chinh cd miic hieu qua d miic kha, thap hem nhdm NHTM chap nhan nii ro cao hon vit cung khdng cd nhieu sy thay ddi dot bien Ta cd the thay nhu ngan bang so SacomBank, BIDV la nhirng NHTM Idn nhung hieu qua boat ddng lai ehi d miic tmng binh \a khdng cd nhieu sy thay ddi qua eae nam Tuy nhian, vin ed nhirng NHTM nhdm ed hieu qua boat dpng cao hem han uong miie dp nii ro van thap, nhu ACB hay dac biet la TechcomBank Nhdm NHTM cdn lai la nhdm NHTM ed quy md vdn ehu sd hiru d miie vira, theo dd, quy md vdn ehu sd hiiu d miic dudi 10.000 ly nam 2011 Nhirng NHTM thudng ed miic dp nil ro lan hieu qua boat ddng d miic tmng binh nhu NHTM sd SHB, VIBank, VPBank, DongABank, 2.2 Xep hang cdc NHTM De thyc hien xep hang cac NHTM, Uong nghian ciiu nay, chiing tdi thye hien phan loai theo eac lieu chi hieu qua; rui ro bang each su dung ky thuat phan Idp md hinh DEA ehuan \a DEA tmdng hgp xau nhat nhu da gidi thieu De dem gian ehung tdi chi thuc hien phan loai nam hai gan nhat la nam 2011 va 2012 Theo tieu chi hieu qua md hinh DEA chuan, chiing tdi chia nhdm theo thir tu hieu qua giam dan la: A, B, C, va D Cdn md hinh DEA Imimg hgp xau nhat, ehimg tdi cung phan nhdm tbeo muc dd nii ro tang dan (lire lit hieu qua ky thuat Uong md hinh la lang dan) bao gdm: a , p , y , Ngoai ra, chiing tdi cung dua them vao mdt tiau chi xep hang khac sir dung kat qua tir md hinh udc lugng dugc dd lit chi sd danh ddi nii ro - hieu qua nham dua dugc ket qua day du thdng tin nhat Kat qua dugc trinh biiy bang Nhin vito ket qua cbi sd danh ddi riii ro - hiau qua ta cd the Ihay nhiing ngan hang ed chi sd dudi diem lit nhitiig ngan hang, hoac cd hieu qua tdt, hoac cd rui ro thap Ngugc lai, nhiing ngan hang d cd ehi sd d tren I diam hoac la cd hieu qua thap, hoac la cd nii ro eao Va dac biet, nhirng ngan hiing cd chi sd danh ddi cao han so vdi nhihig ngan hang Nhdm NHTM cd quy md vdn chii sd hiiu Idn lai khac lit nhihig ngan hang vira cd hieu qua boat ddng lit nhdm nhirng ngan hang cd mirc nii ro thap thip, vua cd riu ro cao nghien cim nay, hem Cd the nhdm da boat ddng lau nam quy chiing tdi su dyng chi tieu de phan nhdm cac md vdn Idn nen cd uy tin cao han, de dang huy ddng NHTM nhdm tu tdi Trong dd, nhimg vdn ban thai ky khd khan tac ddng cua NHTM nhdm la nhung ngan hang tdt, hiau qua cugc khiing hoang, dd hp khdng can phai chap boat dpng cao va cd muc dp rui ro thap Nhdm bao nhan mao hiam nhu nhdm ngan hang nhd hem Cu gdm nhihig NHTM kha, cd mirc dp riii ro va hieu the d day, nhdm NHTM bao gdm mdi sd ngan qua gin tuang duong nhau, Nhdm bao gdm nhihig hang nhu MBB SacomBank, ACB, EximBank NHTM tmng binh, mirc rui ro cao hon so vdi TechcomBank VieteomBank, VietinBank Do mirc hieu qua boat dpng Nhdm bao gdm nhung dp mao hiem thap nen nhimg NHTM cung chi NHTM kem cd mire dp riii ro cao, hieu qua hoat S6 199 Ihdng 01/2014 liti'JIiiil tricn "GHieN CUU-TRflO e o i Bang 3; Phar nhom eae NHTM theo cae tieu chi nam 2011-2012 DEA tmong hop DEA chuan xau nhat 2012 2012 2011 2011 MBB A a a B a SacomBank C D P ACB A D T SHB C B MSB D D 7 ElB B B a KienLongBank B A P SeaBank D VIBank D C p P VPBank C C p P TeehcomBank A D p P VietABank D NaviBank D D NamABank D B SaigonBank C A P HDBank B D T P ABBank D C T y OceanBank D D y P PNB B D MDB A B r DongABank B B a a VielCapilalBank C B y WEB D C T PGBank A B OricomBank C B T P VieteomBank B A a a VietinBank B A a a BIDV D C a y MHB D DaiABank B B •1 HabuBank D Gill ehu: Nhom 1: h, < 1; Nhom 2: < h ,< Nhom 3: < h, < 3; Nhom 4: < h, Nguon' Tinh todn ciia cdc tdcgid NHTM s s dpng Ihap Kat qua phan loai cho thay hau het nhiing su thay ddi phan nhdm cae NHTM theo tiau ehi hieu qua va rui ro cd eung mdt xu hudng Nhiing NHTM nito cd hieu qua boat ddng lot hon hau het diu cd mirc dp rui ro cao hon Chinh dilu da khien kit qua phiin nhdm NHTM theo tieu ehi chi sd danh ddi rui ro - hieu qua khdng cd nhidu su thay ddi Uong nam 20l2so vdi nam 2011 Theo tiau ehi nay, nam 2011, cd NHTM nhdm 1; 15 NHTM nhdm 2; NHTM nhdm 3; va NHTM nhdm Sang din nam 2012, da ed NHTM nhdm ia NHTM CP Nha Ha Ngi da sap nhap vdi NHTM CP Sai Gdn - Ha Ndi lp trinh thuc hien Be an lai ciu tnic he thdng ngan hang Ngoai ra, cung da ed NHTM nim Uong nhdm khae la WEB da ddng y hgp nhit vdi Tdng cdng ty Till chinh cd phin Diu Viel Nam Sd 199 thdng 01/2014 Chi so danh doi nil ro - hieu qua va phan nh6m 2011 2012 0.537 0.392 1.024 0.911 0715 2.176 1.281 1.159 2 2.786 3592 605 0.903 1.00 0.931 1 10.870 1.772 1209 2 1276 0.869 0722 0.975 2375 3.067 4.608 1.704 841 1.456 1.392 1.357 2 857 1.050 1.322 1.623 164 4.016 1.000 858 0773 0.765 1.073 1.629 3.953 2.088 000 1.205 1.363 1217 488 391 1 748 499 1 329 647 7.519 0.849 1.674 3774 - - _ (PVFC) Trong 26 NHTM dugc udc lugng nam 2012, cd 12 NHTM nhdm 1; NHTM nhdm 2; NHTM nhdm va NHTM nhdm Ket luan va hiim y chinh sach Nghien cuu sir dung phucmg phap DEA ehuan va DEA tmdng hgp xau nhat nhim danh gia hieu qua hoal ddng va nii ro cua cac NHTM Viet Nam giai doan 2008-2012 Kit qua udc lugng dupc cho thay hieu qua boat dgng cua he thdng NHTM d Viet Nam thap hon hau hat giai doan Chi c6 nam 2009 la cd hieu qua boat dgng tang cao han luy nhien diau lai ehi tri dugc mdt nam Dieu nity cd tha dugc giai thieh la chinh sach kich cau bang each hd Up lai sual 4% cho eae doanh nghiep vay vdn da giiip boat ddng cua cac NHTM dat dugc nhieu kat qua kha quan Rui ro ciia h? thdng NHTM Viet Nam d mirc tuong ddi cao va hau 52 kinli leAtlriPi NGHieNCUU-TRRO nhu khong cd nhieu ihay ddi dang ke tiong giai doan nghien ciiu thupc nhdm cd quy md vdn CSH nhd, bm nhdm cd xu hudng chap nhan rui ro cao han, day miic dp nii ro cua he thdng NHTM d Viet Nam Idn miic cao Kat qua ciing chi rang nhdm nhung NHTM cd quy rad vdn chii sd hiru nhd thudng cd xu hudng Ngoiii ra, theo De an tai ciu tnic he thdng ngan hang chap nhan nii ro eao de dal dugc hieu qua hoal ddng hien nay, can phai quyat tam Ihuc hien sap cac cao Tuy nhien, khdng phai NHTM nao chap nhan NHTM yeu kem, dac biet cac ngan hang nam tiong riii ro cao cung cd the dat dugc dieu nay, chi mdt cu nhdm 3, Tren thuc tl, diu nam 2012, NHTM CP sde tir ban ngoai ciing dit cd the khien cho cae Nha Ha Npi da ehinh thiic sap nhap vao NHTM CP NHTM nhd khdng phan img kjp va thudng cd Sai Gdn- Ha Ndi; NHTM CP Phuang Tay da hgp miic hieu qua rat thap Irong nii ro van d mirc nhal vdi Tdng cdng ly Tai chinh CP Diu Viet cao Ngugc lai, nhdm NHTM cd quy md vdn chu so Nam (PVFC) vao eudi nam 2012 Nhirng NHTM hiiu Idn thudng cd xu hudng ua thieh an toan han, theo each xap hang dya vao tieu chi chi sd danh do chi chap nhan mirc nii ro thap hon Do dd, ddi rui ro- hieu qua dau nam d nhdm nam 2011 hieu qua hoat dgng cua nhdm NHTM ciing Do vay, ehimg ldi cho rang viec thyc hien sap nhap, khdng cd nhieu sy thay ddi dang ke va tri d mue hgp nhal cac NHTM tbeo De an lai cau tnic he thap hem nhdm NHTM mao hiem thdng ngan hang can tap tmng vao nhdm nhiing Diau nity ham y rang can phai chu y kiem soat NHTM nam nhdm theo lieu chi chi sd chat che hoal ddng huy ddng vdn cua nhirng NHTM danh ddi riii ro - hieu qua.D Phu luc: Danh sach cac NHTM va quy mo von CSH nam 2011 Stt Ten Viet tat 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 MBB SacomBank ACB SHB MSB EIB KienLongBank SeaBank VIBank VPBank TechcomBank VietABank NaviBank NamABank SaigonBank HDBank ABBank OceanBank PNB MDB DongABank VietCapitalBank WEB PGBank OricomBank VieteomBank VietmBanic BIDV MHB DaiABank HabuBank fi" 199 thing 01/2014 Ten tieng Viet NHTM CP Quan doi NHTM CP Sai Gon Thuong Tin NHTM CP A Chau NHTMCP Sai Gon-Ha Noi NHTM CP Hang hai Viet Nam NHTM CP Xuat nhap khau Viet Nam NHTM CP Kien Long NHTM CP Dong Nam A NHTM CP Quoc te Vict Nam NHTM CP Viet Nam Thjng Vuong NHTM CP Ky thuong Vict Nam NHTM CP Viet A NHTM CP Nam Viet "NHTPCPNamA" NHTM CP Sai Gon Cong Thuong NHTM CP Phat trien TP HCM NHTM CP An Binh NHTM CP Dai Duong NHTMCP Phuang Nam NHTM CP Phat ttien Me Kong NHTM CP Dong A NHTM CP Ban Vict NHTM CP Phuong Tay NHTM CP Xang dau Petrohmex NHTM CP Phuong Dong NHTM CP Ngoai thuang Viet Nam NHTM CP Cong thuong Viet Nam NHTM CP Dau tu va Phat trien Vict Nam Ngan hang Phat uien Nha DBSCL NHTM CP Dai A NHTM CP Nha Ha Noi 53 Quy mo von CSH nam 2011 (tr.d) 9642143 14546883 11959092 5830868 949881 16302520 3456133 5536734 8160066 5996245 12515802 3576096 3216000 3300324 3304927 3547632 4723090 4644051 3254615 3882129 5813765 3300615 3162785 2590976 3751686 28638696 28490896 24390455 3187021 3512042 4390523 kinlili'J'liiilli'ii ^ GHieN cuu-TRflOBOI Ghi chu: 1- Kiem dinh t: vdi: / Xem quy mo v6n CSH nam 2011 ciia cac NHTM tai Phu luc Tai USu tham khao: Chames A., W W Cooper va E Rhodes (1978) "Measuring the Efficiency of Decision Making Units", European Journal of Operational Research 2(6), 429-444 Ducmg Thanh Thiiy (2013), "Credit Risk Rating and Performance Benchmarking of VieUiamese Banks", Chinese Culture University Farrell M J (1957) "The measurement of productive efficiency" Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, Series A 120(3), 253-290 Paradi J C, M Asmild, P C Simak (2004) "Using DEA and Worst Practice DEA in Credit Risk Evaluation", Journal of Productivity Analysis, 2\, 153-165, 2004 Kuan-Chung Chen va Chung-Yu Pan (2012) "An Empirical Study of Credit Risk Efficiency of Banking Industry in Taiwan", Web Journal of Chinese ManagemenI Review vo\ 15,No, 1,2/2012 Psillaki M , I E Tsolas va D Margartitis (2010) "Evaluation of credit risk based on firm performance", European Journal of Operational Research, Volume 201, Issue 3, 873-881, 15/3/2010 Eken M H va S Kale (2011) "Measunng bank branch performance using Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA): The case of Turkish bank branches", African Journal of Business Management Vol, 5(3), 889-901, 4/2/2011 Ngo Dang Thimh (2010) "Evaluating the Effciency of Vietnamese Banking System: An Application Using Data Envelopment Analysis", MPRA Paper No, 27882, Nguyen Viet Himg (2008), "Phan tich cac nhan to anh hudng den hieu qua hoat dpng ciia cac ngan hang thuong mai a Viet Nam", Dai hoc Kinh te Quoc dan, NHNN (2012) Chi thj 01/CT-NHNN 13/02/2012 Coelli T J., D S Prasada Rao, C J O'Donnell va G E Battese (2005) "An introduction to efficiency and productivity analysis" Second Edition, Springer Lm WenBin, DaQun Zhang, Li Qi va XiaoXuan Li (2007) "DEA Analysis Based on both Efficient and Anti-efficient Frontiers", t/rt/versify o/'/^e«i, Working paper'bio 144, 10/2007 Using DEA and Worst Practice DEA in rating commercial banks in Vietnam in the period 2008-2012 Abstract The study was designed lo apply DEA and worst practice DEA in evaluating credit risk of commercial banks in Vietnam in the period 2008-2012 The empirical results showed that (i) Commercial banks were operating at relatively high risk; (ii) During the period, small scale banks were aggressively willing to accept high risk lo obtain rapid growth, while large scale banks tend to be risk averse Thong tin tac gia: *Hd Dinh Bdo, Tien si - Nai cong tdc: Gidng vien Khoa Kinh td hgc, Dgi hoc Kinh te Quoc ddn Email: hodinhbao@yahoo com **-\guyen Thanh Tiing EmaiT gylfiekalpa@gmail.com S3199 Ihdng 01/2014 54 kjnlllcj'llill 1^11 m m o BUC S BflO Tl CAC YEU TO ANH Hl/dNG DEN HANH VI CHIA SE TRI THU'C Vdl DONG NGHIEP CUA GIANG VIEN TRONG CAC TRUOWG DAI HOC Bill Thi Thanh* Nghien cicu ndy nhdm xdc dinh cdc yeu td dnh hu&ng den hdnh vi chia se tri thirc v&i ddng nghiep cua gidng vien cdc truang dai hoc Die lieu khdo sdt duac thu thdp tir 422 gidng vien ciia tru&ng dgi hoc tren dia bdn TP HCM Mo hinh nghien ciru di xudt dua vdo ly thuyel • Trao ddi xd hgi (Homans 1958 Blau 1964); Nhdn thirc xd hdi (Bandura 1989); Phdt Uien nhgn thirc (Piaget 1965); Kien tgo xd hdi (Jonassen & ctg 1995) vd cdc nghien ciru tnrac Do tin cdy vd gid tri cua thang duac kiem dinh bdng he sd Cronbach's alpha vd phdn tich nhdn td khdm phd (EFA) Kit qud phdn tich hoi quy boi cho thdy, cdc yeu to dnh hu&ng den hdnh vi chia se tri thirc cita gidng vien cdc truang dgi hgc gom thdnh phdn xep theo thu tu quan trgng gidm ddn nhusau: he thdng khen thuemg; van hda td chirc; cdng nghe thong tin; su tin tucmg vd dinh hu&ng hoc hdi Tir khoa: tri thiic, quan ly tri thuc, hanh vi chia se tri thire da an sau Id chiic (Cronin & Davenport 2000) Trong thdi dai nay, tri thirc la lai san quy gia Vi thi, quan ly tri thiie duge xae djnh la chirc nang nhat va la nen tang cua lgi iha canh tranh ciia mgt td chinh yeu cua eac trudng dai hpc, mdt cdng cp chien churc (Bock & ctg 2005) Vi the, lam the nao de luge da cac Irudng dai hpc tri hoac dai dupc lgi ngudi san sang ddn nhan nhirng thach thuc mdi va thi canh tranh ban vimg (Sharimllah & ctg 2009) chia se nhirng tn thirc mil hg da tim kiem, tich luy Tuy nhien, cac nghian ciiu lien quan dan qua Uinh dugc, hoac khuyan khich hg tham gia vao cac hoal quan ly tri thiic cac tmdng dai hpc cho den dpng dya Iran In thiic (san xuat, phan phdi va iing la rit it Hem nira, mac du da cd eac nghian ciru dyng tri Ihiic) la cd y nghTa dac biel quan Ugng Tuy dl xuit thuc hien quy trinh quan ly iri thirc td nhien, khdng gidng nhu eac ngudn tai nguyan chiic va tham chi d mot sd tnrdng dai hpc, nhung rat tmyln thdng khac (dit dai, lao ddng va vdn, ,), it nghien cuu kilm djnh ehung bang thuc nghipm ngudn tai nguyen "tri thuc" dugc phan phdi va (Shanmllah & ctg 2008) Bdi vay, myc uau ciia chia se d mdt miic dp nhat dinh se trd hang hda cdng nghian ciru la nham xac djnh cac yau td anh cpng Bdi the, chia se Ui thiic vdn khdng phii hgp hudng din hanh vi chia se tri thirc cua giang vien, vdi ban chat cua eon ngudi, vi hp sg rang se mat di dal CO sd cho viae hoach dmh chinh sach va bipn siic manh tri thuc ciia hp uong td chiic neu chia se phap thiic diy hoat ddng chia se tii thiic gdp phan vdi ngudi khac (Davenport 1997) He qua la Irong nang cao chit lugng va hieu qua quan ly tri thuc quan ly tri thirc, chia se tri thirc dugc xem la mdt Uong cae trudng dai hgc d Viet Nam Gidi thieu nhirng hoal dpng khd khan nhat (Ruggles 1998) Cff sd ly thuyet va mo hinh nghien cihi Cho din nay, cd nhilu djnh nghTa vc tri ihiic song tyu tmng, tii thiie la "su giai ma ve mgt nioi quan he giira cac khai nipm cd lien quan dan nhihig ITnh vyc cu ihl" (Becerra-Femandez & cig 2004) Tai cae tmdng dai hgc, ban chit la mdt Id chirc tn thuc nai dugc cdng nhan la kinh doanh tii thirc kl tir tri thirc dugc san xuit, phan phdi va ling dung So 199 thiing 01/2014 71 klnhKi'liiil irien ® lIflO DUC & £)flO TflO Quan ly tin thiic la qua trinh san xuat, phan phdi, trinh diln va ling dung tri thiic; mgt qua trinh mang tinh he thdng, cu the de td chiic san xuat va tmyan dat cii tri thiic an tang lin tudng minh cua mgt nhan vian cho nhiing nhan vian khac de cd the su dung nd hiau qua va nang suit hon Uong cdng viec (Bhatt 1998) Chia se tri thirc lit nan tang cdi Idi cua quan Iy tri thue, la khia canh quan Upng nhat eua quan ly tri tiiuc (Gupta & clg 2000), Chia se tri thirc duoc djnh nghia la mdt hanh ddng chu quan cd y lam cho tri thiic dugc tai su dung bdi nhiing ngudi khac thdng qua chuyan giao tri thuc (Lee & Al-Hawamdeh 2002); la qua Uinh eho va nhan tri thirc, tiong su sang lao vit chia se tii thiic phy thugc vao nd luc cd y thiic cua ca nhan lam cho Iri thiic dugc chia se (Nonaka & Tekeuchi 1995) Ve mat ly Ihuyet, chia se tri ihiic xual phat tir cac ly Ihuyet xa hdi ma nan tang lit cae Iy thuyat: Trao ddi xa hdi, Nhan thiic xa hdi, Phat tnen nhan thiic vit Kien tao xa hdi Ly Ihuyet Uao ddi xa hdi (Social Exchange Theory) la mot nhihig ly Ihuyet dugc sii dyng phd bidn da giai Ihieh hanh vi ehia se tri thuc (Bock & ctg 2005) Nguyan ly tmng tam cua ly thuyat la ngudi dua cac quyat dinh mang tinh xa hdi dua Iran chi phi cam nhan vit nhan thiie lgi ieh vdi gia dinh la ngudi danh gia dugc lal ea eae mdi quan he xa hdi de xac djnh lgi ieh mit hg ed the dat dugc mdi quan he Vi thd, mac du trao ddi Ui thiic la mpt phan cua hanh vi ca nhan, song ca nhan se khdng chia se hg cam nhan dugc hoat ddng chia se chi la chi phi; nhung ngugc lai, bp cd the cd y djnh ehia se nhiing gi hg mong dai nhan dugc la tich eye Kiem chung ly thuyet Uao ddi xa hgi, nghien ciiu eua Chua (2003) eho thay, ehinh phan Ihudng se giup nhan nang lue chia se Ui thiic tuyet vdi cua nhan vien, ddng thdi he Ihdng khen thudng edng bang va khach quan giup nhan vian tang eudng lim kiam tri thitc mdi va hd tig chia se tri thiic Adel vit clg (2007) tim thiiy khen Ihudng cd mdi quan he tieh eye den ehia se Iri thiic Lim & ctg (2004) phat hien nhan vien san sang hon dd chia se tri thiie neu su khen thudng tang ian Gid thuyet HI: He thong khen thu&ng co tdc dgng ducmg den chia se tri thirc Ly thuyat nhan thirc xa hpi (Social Cognitive S 199 thdng 01/2014 Theory), dua tien ly thuyit hgc tap xa hdi, dugc gioi thieu bdi Bandura (1989) Theo dd, hanh vi ca nhan nhu la cau tnic nang dgng, chju su tuong tac cua cac yeu td: ca nhan, hanh vi va mdi tmdng Ly thuyet nhan manh ring eac ca nhan cd the xem xel mdi tmdng, muc tiau ca nhan va quan he xii hpi tmdc chii ddng chia se tri thiie Theo dd, neu mgt ca nhan khdng chic chin ve nang luc cua hg vit ket qua ciia tri thiic mii hg du dinh chia se, thi hp cd the se khdng chia se nd Bdi Ihl, tin tudng nhu la "Uai tim" cua sy tiao ddi tn Ihiic (Davenport & Pmsak 1998); lit mpt nhung dgng luc quan Ugng nhal cho qua tiinh chia se ui thiie cdng (Ford 2003); tin tudng citng tang dan den muc dp chia se tri thiic ciing tang theo (Anderson & Nams 1990; Ardichvih 2003) Gid thuyet H2; Su tin tudng co ldc dgng duang den chia se tri thdc Ly thuyit phat tridn nhan Ihiic (Cognitive Development Theory) cho rang nhan Ihiic xa hdi dugc nang ian tu cac quan diem khac nhau; cac y tudng Irong mol mdi trudng hgp lae ed thd tao su bat ddng ve nhan thiic ma kel qua la kich thieh su phat trien nhan Ihuc (Piaget 1965) Ly thuydt kien tao xa hdi (Social Constmctivist Theory) da cap dan su can Ihiet phai hgp lac giira cac nhan vian Nhan vien phat Uian ky nang cua minh thdng qua giai quyat van dl Uong su hgp tac vdi nhirng ddng nghiep ed kha nang cao han Chia se tri thiie va xay dung Ui Ihiie cd the dugc kich hoal bang viec Iham gia tich cue, tuong tac vdi va ddi thoai thdng qua hpc tap hgp tae (Jonassen & ctg 1995) Ly thuyet nity cho rang viec hoc hdi se cd hieu qua hon nhan vien san sitng chia se quan diem eua minh vdi cac ddng nghiep Bdi vay, Govindarajan & Gupta (2000) eho rang, van hda to chiic ddng vai trd quan Ugng cho su thimh cdng cua ehia se Ui Ihirc Qua tiinh ehia se tri thiie se khdng xay trir nd duge hd Ug bdi nen van hda rieng cua td chiic Gid thuyet H3: Vdn hda to chirc co tdc dgng ducmg den chia se tri thiec Ciing theo phai trien nhan thuc va kiln lao xa hgi, nhan vian phat trien ky nang cua minh Ihdng qua giai quyel van de tiong su hgp tac vai nhimg ddng nghiep cd kha nang cao hon Vygotsky (1978) chumg minh rang qua tiinh tuong tac va hgc tap hgp tac giira cac nhan vien cd cimg su hilu bilt vii giai 72 kinltleJIial Irien 7lflO Dues BflO Tl« quyet van de se din den viec xay dung, hoac kiln t ^ tri thiic; chia se tri Ihiic Uong cac cdng ddng se dugc tang cudng thdng qua hiinh vi tuang hd lin giira eac ca nhan Wasko va Faraj (2005) cho rang chia se tri thiic se dugc tang cudng thdng qua hanh vi tuong hd Ian giiia cae ea nhan, nhirng nang luc can thiel da diy nhanh toe dp tao va ehuyen giao Ui thiie Cdn tiieo Huysman & W'ulf (2006), cdng nghe thdng lin va tmyln thdng cd Han quan chat che vdi chia se tri thiic, bdi \ i edng nghe tiidng lm va tiuyln thdng hd trg thdng tin lien lac va su hgp tac giira cac nhan vien tiong Id chiic Gid thuyet H4; Su tuang ho Idn co tdc dgng Gid thuyet H6: Cdng nghe thong tin cd tdc ddng duang den chia se tri thirc duang den chia se tri thuc Ngoai ra, theo Pemberton & Stonehouse (2000), chia se Ui thiic thiinh edng edn lien quan din qua trinh hpc hdi nhan vian Hpc hdi Ihudng duge tranh luan nhu mdt dac diam khdng the thiau ciia bit ky mgt td chiic nao Uong viec nam lay lgi thi cac nguon lyc tri thiic cua minh de tao hieu qua cao cho 16 chiic Djnh hudng hpe hdi nhu la sy phat trien ciia tii thiic mdi va su dyng Ui thirc dd tac ddng den hanh vi va nang cao Igi the canh Uanh eiia mdt tl chiic (Slater & Narver 1995) Dya vao cac ly thuyat dugc tdng kat tren day lac gia de nghi md hinh iy thuyat nhu hinh 1, Trong do: • He thong khen thu&ng- la mot tap hgp cac chi dp khuyen khich edng bang, khaeh quan va dya Uen muc tidu dat dugc tir kat qua chia sc tri thirc ddng thdi lam cho nhan vien khdng cam thay lo sg hg se phai ddi mat vdi nguy hidm neu chia se tri thiic din den nhiing sai lam va that bai (Linda A.rgote & Epple 1990; Oliver & Kandadi 2006) Gid thuyel H5 Dinh huang hgc hdi co tdc dgng • Su tin tu&ng tha hien sy ty tin ve nang lyc va duang den chia se tri thuc kel qua cua tri thiic ma hg dy djnh chia se (Bandura Cudi eung, Iheo Al-Ammary, Fung & Goulding 1997), su mong dgi dugc chia se bdi cac vien (2008), cdng nghe thdng tin ddng vai trd ciing dap ling cae cam ket ciia hg vdi (Dasgupta quan Upng hon viec quan ly dir lieu vii thdng 1988); su trung thuc, hgp tac, dya Iran eac tiau lin tmdc chiing dugc chuyin tri thiic; hd chuan duoc cbia sa giira cae vicn cpng Irp qua trinh tim kiem, luu giii va phan phdi tri tbiic; ddng dd (Saeed & clg 2010) dong thdi cung cap sy hpp tae, giao tiep va kat ndi • Vdn hoa td chdc- la cac tiau chuan bat Hinh 1: Mo hinh ly thuyct cac yeu to anh hudng den hanh vi chia se tri thirc cua giang vicn eac trudng dai hpc o" Viet Nam He thdng khen thudng Van hda td ehiie Sy tuong ho lan Hiinh vi chia se tn thirc ciia giang vian Dinh hudng hpc hdi Cdng nghe thdng lin Ngudn De xudi cua tdc gia si 199 Ihdng 01/2014 kinlileJ'y Irien ® lIflO DUC & BflO TflO mg), tiieo dan biti thao luan tac gia xay dung, nhim dilu chinh, bd sung cac ylu td anh hudng den hanh vi chia se tii tiiitc cua giang vien cac uuong dai bgc va phat uiln thang nhiing yeu td • Su- tuang hd Idn • la nhiing lgi ich ma eac - Phuong phap nghien cim djnh lugng duge thyc ea nhan cd duge tu sy trao ddi xa hdi; la qua trinh thao luan, giai quylt vin dl, tranh luan, xay dung hien nhSm danh gia tin cay (gia tri hpi tij va phan quan dilm eua minh va ling nghe ngudi khae biet) thang cac ylu td anh budng den banh vi (Jucks, Paeehter & Tatar 2003); sy cai thien mdi chia se tii Ihuc; kilm dinh md hinh nghien ciiu va quan he qua lai vdi ngudi khae thdng qua hitnh vi cac giii thuyit nghidn cuu, kilm djnh cd hay khdng su khac biel vl hanh vi chia se Ui thu:c ciia giang chia se tri thirc (Cheng, Yeh & Tu 2008) • Binh hu&ng hgc hdi: la qua trinh thu thap vit vien theo cac dac diam ca nhan van vl cae gia Irj, niem tm va Ihyc lien hang ngay, hinh nen nguyen vpng va hanh dgng cua cac vien tham gia vao td chiie, kd ca each thiic tmyln thdng (Henri 2006; Hams & Ogbonna 2002) dien giai thdng lin Ihj trudng va phan img vdi thdng tin thu thap dugc (Celueh & clg 2002) Dd la: sy cam kit hpc hdi; sy chia se tam nhm ciia id chiic vdi cac vian va tmh thin "cdi md" bay sy sin sang chap nhan nhiing y tudng mdi (Sinkula & ctg 1997) • Cdng nghe thdng tin: the hien d mire dp hien dai hda va hieu qua su dung cua he thdng cdng nghe thdng tin, thu vien dap ung yau eau tmy cap, luu giir, tilp can, hop tac va chia se tri thire cua giang vien (Connelly & Kelloway 2003) • Chia se tri thdc la mgt hanh ddng chu quan ed y lam cho tri thuc dugc lai sir dung bdi nhirng ngudi khae thdng qua chuyen giao tri tbiic (Lee & AlHawaindeh 2002); la qua trinh cho va nhan tri tbiic (Soonbee & HayangSoo 2006) Phuffng phap nghien ciiu Nghien cim su dung chu yeu cac phuong phap: - Phuang phap nghien ciiu dinb tinh dugc thyc hian bang ky thual thao luan nhdm tap tmng vdi hai nhdm giang vian (mpt nhdm 06 giang vien eua Tmdng Dai hpe Kinh tl TP HCM; mdt nhdm 08 giang vien eua Tmdng Dai hpc Tai chinh- Markel- TT 6 Nghien ciiu dinh lugng dugc thyc hien qua cae bude: - Thu thap dii lieu nghien eiiu bang bang cau hdi phdng vin, theo phuang phap lay mau thuan tien 422 giang vien hien dang giang day tai tiirdng dai hpc d TP HCM dai dien eho cac khdi nganh kinh ta (Tmdng Dai hpc Kinh tl TP HCM, Tmdng Dai hgc Tai chinh-Marketing); ky thuat (Tmdng Dai hgc Ky thuat-Cdng nghe TP HCM; Tmdng Dai hgc Bach khoa TP HCM); luat (Tmdng Dai hgc Luat TP HCM), su pham (Tmdng Dai hpc Su pham TP HCM); - Danh gia sa bp dp tin cay va gia tri cua thang bing he sd tin cay Cronbach alpha va phan tich nhan td kham pha (EFA) Ihdng qua phan mem SPSS 16 nham danh gia tin cay eua cae thang do, ddng thdi tai cau tnic cac bien quan sat vao cae phan ludng phii hgp, dat co sd cho viec hieu chinh md hinh vit cac gia thuyel nghian eiiu; - Phan tich hdi qui bdi nham kiam djnh md hinh nghien euu, cae gia thuyet nghien ciiu vit djnh vj tam quan trpng cua cac yau Id anh hudng; Ket qua nghien cihi Bang 1; Ket qua danh gia so bo cac thang bang Cronbach alpha He so tuong quan So bien Conbach Thang Ky hieu bien tong be nh&t quan sat alpha 0,905 0,865 He thong khen thuang RS 0,872 Su tm tirdng TR 0,819 0,932 0,907 Van h6a to chiic OC 0,899 0,864 Su tuong ho lan MR 0,928 0,890 Dinh hucmg hoc hoi LO 0,891 IT 0,823 Cong nghe thong tin 0,915 KS 0,886 Hanh vi chia se tri thtic Ngu m.- Kit qud phdn tich dir lieu cua tdc gia Sii 199 Ilia g 01/2014 74 kinh Ifihat Irien OlflODUC&OAOTPf Kit qua nghien ciiu djnh tinh khing djnh hanh vi cbia se tri thiic cua giang vien d cae tmdng dai hpe gIm 06 yeu td dugc de xuat md hinh ly thuyit, ddng thdi dieu chinh thang cac phin tren co sd thang cua Harris & Ogbonna (2002); Connelly & Kelloway (2003); Oliver & Kandadi, Soonhee & HayangSoo, Wu & Cavusgil (2006); Raja & Josef Haddad, Al-Alawi & clg (2007); Cheng, Yeh & Tu (2008), Ket qua Cronbach alpha cho thiy cae thang deu dat dp tin cay (bang 1) diau eMnh=0,612; gia ui kilm djnh F= 111,514 \a cd y nghia thdng ka (Sis =0,000) Chiing td, md hinh hdi quy dugc dy doan phu hop vdi du lieu nghian ciiu va giai thieh dugc 6I.2?o biln thien cda hanh vi ehia se tri thiic eua giang vien Tu\ nhien, gia Uj kiem djnh i eua ylu id mong ho lin khdng ed y nghTa thong ke (Sig-0,181) Ket qua phan tich hdi qui sau loai \au td tirong ho lin thu dugc: R-=0,616; R- dilu chinh=0,611; gia Ui kilm dinh F =133,202 va cd y nghTa tiiong ka (Sig =0,000); cac gia Uj B \ a Beta ddu duong, ddng thai cac gia in kilm dinh diu cd y nghia thdng kd (bang 3) Dilu chiing Id (tiii gia thuyit H4) cac gia thuyit HI, H2, H3, H5 H6 dau dugc chap nhan va phuang trinh hdi quy bieu thi hanh vi chia se tri thiic cua giang vien d cac tmdng dai hpe dugc xac djnh nhu sau: Ket qua EFA thang eac ylu td anh hudng vii thang hanh vi chia se tri Ihiic bing phuang phap trich Principal Axis Factoring va phep quay Promax cho thay, chi sd KMO=0,937 vdi mue y nghia sig=0,000, ddng thdi 30 biln quan sal duge nil trich vao nhan td giii nguyen gde tai Eigenvalue la 1,055 vdi long phuang sai Irich =71,914% (bang 2) KS 0,322 0,154*TR + 0,124*LO Chimg td thang cac yau td anh hudng va hanh vi 0,277*OC + 0,303*RS + 0,175*IT chia se Ui thiic dat ydu ciu cho budc phan tich hdi Kel qua kilm Ua cac vi pham gia dinh cua md qui tilp theo hinh hdi qui (cd ban he tuyan tinh giira cac bian dpc Ket qua phan tieh hdi qui thu duge: R^=0,617; R^ lap va bian phu thudc; phuong sai ciia sai sd khdng Bang 2: Ket qua EEA thang cac phin TT Nhan to So bien He so tai Gia tn quan sat be nhat Eigenvalue trich Phuang sal He thong khen thucrng 0,749 1,455 62,807 Su tin tuang 0,564 14,307 46,770 Van hoa to chiic 0,756 1,908 58.843 Su tuong ho lan 0,674 U33 69,358 Dinh huong hoc hoi 0,704 2,227 53,351 Cong nghe thong tin 0,648 1,333 Hanh vi chia se tn thiic 0,642 1,055 66307 71,914 Ngudn: Kel qud phdn lich du lieu ciia ldc gid Bang 3: Cac thong so thong ke ciia mo hinh hoi i ui \16 hlnh HSng s6 RS TR OC r LO _ IT H? so hoi qui He so hoi qui chua chuan hoa chuan hoa De lech chuan B ciia sai so 0,322 Beta 0,195 Gia tri Miic kiem dinht y nghia 1,653 0,009 Thong ke da cpng myen Do He so phong dai chap nhan phuong sal 1.') 1') 0,303 0,042 0,306 7,255 0,000 0,521 0,154 0,046 0,144 3.311 0,001 0.487 0,277 0,037 0,300 4,827 0,000 0.541 l.s.sii 0,124 0,175 ' 2.^^: 0,037 0,134 3,320 0,001 0,566 1,766 0,037 0,193 4,770 0,000 0,562 1,779 ; Nguon: Kit qud phdn tich dir lieu ciia tdc gid ^ 199 lUng 01/2014 75 kinblpilialli'in ® flO DUC & BflO TflO ddi; phan du cd phan phdi chuan va khdng cd tuong quan giira chung; khdng cd hien tugng da cgng tuyIn) eho thiy eac gia dinh deu khdng bj vi pham Vi thi, md hinh hoi qui va cac gia thuyet nghien ciiu dugc kiam djnh tren day dugc chap nhan Nhu vay, kit qua cua nghien ciiu ciing tuong dong vdi cac nghian ciiu trudc cua Govindarajan & Gupta (2000); Nya Ling Tan & ctg (2C10) va nhilu nghidn cuu khae Dd la sy tin tudng, djnh hudng hpc bdi, van hda Id chuc, he thdng khen thudng va cdng nghe thdng tin la nhiing nhan td chinh anh hudng den himh vi ehia se in thue cua giang vien, ddng thdi nghien cuu cung ehua tim Ihay anh hudng cua sy tuong lac Ian den hanh vi ehia se tri thirc Tuy nhien, phan thudng vit van hda to chirc ed anh hudng manh nhal (Beta=0,306 vit Beta=0,300), thi su lin tudng va dinh hudng hpc hdi chi la thir ylu (Beta=0,144 va Beta=0,134) Thao luan vdi hai nhdm giang vien da tham gia nghian ciiu djnh linh, eac y kian deu cho rang kel qua nghian ciru nity la phit hgp vdi thyc tien dien hien nay, vi eac ly - Trong qua Uinh tao tri Ihirc, ca nhan phai bd nhieu Ihdi gian, tri me va ca chi phi tian bac Hon nira, den thuang mai hda da len ldi vao mpi ITnh vue eua ddi sdng xa hdi, Vi the, ITnh vuc giao due- dao tao thi su quan tam hang dau eua giang vien ndi chung viec chia se tri thue, ben canh phat Uien nghi nghiep, la phan thudng ma ho nhan duqc - Do anh hudng cua nen van hda phuang Ddng va dac linh van hda edng ddng va ly tri ciia ngudi Viet nen hanh vi cua ca nhan bj hda lan vao hanh vi td ebiic Bdi thd, van hda td chuc cd tac ddng manh me den niem tin va eae hanh vi ciia ca nhan hudng den nhiing lgi ich chung cua id chiic nhu hanh vi chia se tri thirc - Ddi vdi eae qude gia dang phat tiien nhu Viet Nam, ni thiic dugc chia sd thudng la nhihig thdng tin khoa hgc dang thii cip, hoac it tinh ban lam, vi thi rit khd bao mat uong dilu kien edng nghe thdng tin phat triln vii linh tiang vi pbam quyen sd hihi tri Uie dang vugt ngoai pham vi kiem soat cua Nha nudc nhu hien NghTa la, su tin Uidng khdng cdn la dilu kien tien quyll cua viec chia se tri thiie - Cho din nay, tiong mdi tmdng dai hgc, djnh hudng hpc hdi van dugc xem la mgt khai niem Uim lugng Trong do, nhung cam ket, chia se tim nhin, ciing su dau tu cua nha tmdng cho giang vien lidn quan din quan ly In tiiiie dudng nhu mang tinh khiu hieu, hoac hinh thiic van la phd bian Kit luan va mot so ham y Tren co sd long kit cae ly thuyel nen tang eiia chia se tn tbiic; cae nghien curu vc quan ly tri Ihiic, chia se tri thiic vit dac thii ciia mdi tmdng giao duc dai hpc, tac gia de xuat md hinh cac yeu Id anh hudng din hanh vi chia se tri thiie vdi ddng nghiep eua giang vien cae tmdng dai hgc gdm phan su tin tudng; dinh hudng hgc hdi; van hda td chuc; he thdng khen thudng; cdng nghe thdng tin vii su tuong hd lan Ket qua phan tich hdi qui mau khao sal tir 422 giang vian cua tmdng dai hpc tai TP HCM thudc eae khdi nganh kinh tl, ky thuat, lual va su pham eho thay ed yeu td cd anh hudng den hanh vi ehia se Ui thirc cua giang vien dugc sap xep theo mue anh hudng giam dan la: he thdng khen thudng (Beta=0,306); van hda td chuc (Beta=0,300); edng nghe Ihong tin (Beta=0,193); sy tin tu'dng (Beta=0,144); djnh hudng hpc hdi (Bela=0,134) Ket qua eua nghien eiiu nity edng eho thay cac yeu td anh hudng den hanh vi chia se tri thirc cua giang vien chi dugc danh gia d tren miic tmng binh Bang 4: Tu'ong quan giita miic quan vsi gia tr trung binh cac 'CU to anh huirng den hanh vi cl ia se tri thirc vol dong n ghiep ciia giang I'ien TT So bien Miic Gia tri trung Nhan to Ky hieu quan quan sat binh mau 0,144 Su tin tuang TR 5,309 Dinh huong hoc hoi LO 0,134 5,245 0,300 Van h6:i to chiic OC 4,938 0,306 He thong khen thuang RS 5,040 0,193 Cong nghe thong un IT 5,052 Nguon Ket qua phan tich dir lieu cua tac gia So 199 Ihdng 01/2014 liiiililiAiliiipn ?lflODUC5.BflOTFl va thieu tuang thich vdi miic anh hudng cua chiing (Bang 4) Chung Id cac chinh sach va chiln lupc diu tu eiia cac tmdng dai hpc dudng nhu thilu trpng tam va ngudn luc dau tu cdn ban chi Bdi ihl, tit ket qua cua nghien cuu tac gia nit mpt sd hiim y Uong quan trj nhu bang tiJ cho hoat ddng nay; phai cam kit ddi vdi viec hpc hdi ciia giang vien va Uian thu viec tiiyc thi nhirng cam kit (Sinkula & eig 1997) Thie hai, eae tmdng dai hpc can kien toan lai chi dp khen Ihudng theo hudng kich thich hanh vi chia se tri thiic cua giang vien mdt each thiet thyc ea ve Icri ich vat chat lan tinh than xirng diing vdi gia tri tn thiic duoc chia se, thay vi mang tinh chat "Urgng tnmg", hay "cao bang" dudng nhu dang phd bien tai cac tmdng dai hgc hien thdng cdng nghe thdng tm, Uong dd can nhanh chdng Uang bj he thdng thu vien dien tii de ho txq va kich thich giang vien tham gia vao boat dgng tim kiam, sim xuat, ung dung, chuyan giao va hgp tac chia se Ui thuc, ddng thdi cd dieu kien tiap can va cap nhat nhirng tri thirc mdi d Uong nudc va uan the gidi Thu tu, eac tmdng dai hgc can tao lap mdi tmdng chia se tri thiic mot each "cdi md" dl kich tiiich, Idi keo giang vien tham gia vao hoat ddng ehia se tii Piu nhdt, Uong hoach djnh chidn luge phat tinin, thire thdng qua viec da dang hda vit tang tin suit cac cac trudng dai hpc can xae djnh quan Iy tri thiic dya hoal dpng, cac diln dan chia sa tii thiic nhu: ddng tren nen tang chia se tii thiic la chiic nang ehinh ylu, bd ap dyng phuang phap giang day tich cyc; xay mpt cdng ey chian lugc de tri hoac dal dugc lpi dyng cac eau lac bp hpc thuat; id chuc thudng thi canh Uanh ban viing (Sharimllah & ctg 2009), xuyen cac hdi thao, tga dam, bao cao, Uanh luan dong thai eac chinh sach, chien lupc dau tu nham khoa hpc; day manh cae chuong trinh hgp tac, giao day manh boat ddng ehia se tri thiic cua giang vien luu trao ddi khoa hgc vdi cac tmdng ban, Uong can phai xuat phat tir cac yeu td anh budng va miic nude, nudc ngoai, dp quan Upng cua chiing Thu ndm, hien dai hda va nang cao hieu qua cua he Thu ba, cac tmdng dai hgc can xay dung va phat trien van hda Id chuc dua Iran nIn tang cae gia trj cot loi djnh hudng vito gia tn tri thiic, dd, mpi vien phai cam ket su hpc hdi dd gia tang hieu qua lam viee (Nonaka & Takeuchi 1995) Ddng Ihdi nhil tmdng phai xem viec hgc hdi cua eac giang vien la sy dau tu de tao gia Ui Ui thirc va gia lang dau Cudi ciing, han cha ciia nghian ciiu chi mdi kiem djnh lai tmdng dai hgc d TP HCM; mau nghian cim dugc chpn bang phucmg phap thuan tipn md hinh hdi qui giai thich dugc 61,1% bien thien eua hanh vi ehia se tri thire NghTa la, tinh tdng quat hda ket qua nghien ciru chua cao vit dd nghien ciiu can duge lap lai d nhieu tmdng dai hpc t^ti cac tinh, phd tran pham vi ca nudcO Titi lieu tham khao: Adel 1., Al-Malawi N., Al-Marconi Y & Mohammed Y, (2007), "Organizational Culture and Knowledge Sharing' Cntical Success Factors", Journal of Knowledge Management, 11(2), 22-42 Al-Alawi, I.A & Al-Marzooqi, Y N , Mohammed, F.Y (2007), "Organizational culmre and knowledge sharing: critical success factors" Journal Knowledge Management 11(2), 22-42 Al-Ammary, J.H., Fung, C.C and Goulding P, (2008), "Alignment of knowledge and IS/IT sUategies: A case for Ihe banking sector m the Gulf Cooperation Countnes (GCC)", In: International Conference on Knowledge Management, Malaysia Anderson, J.C & Nams J A (1990), "A model of distribulor firm and manufacturer flrni working partnerships" Journal of Markering, 54(1), 42-59 Ardichvili, A (2003), "Motivation and bamers to participation in virtual knowledge sharing communities 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perceptions of knowledge sharing culUires", Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 24(5), 294-301, Cronin, B & Davenport, E (2000), Knowledge management in higher education Knowledge ManagemenI & the Information Revolution, 3, CA Celueh, K,G, Kasouf C J & Pemvemba, V (2002), "The effects of perceive market and learning Orientation assessed organizational capabilities" Industrial Marketing Management 31, 545-54 Dasgupta, P (1988), Trust as a commodity Trust: Makmg and Breaking Cooperative Relations, Blackwell Publishing, 42-72 Davenport, T.H & Prusak, L (1998), Working knowledge: How organi-iation manage what they know, Havard Business school Press, 23-76 Davenport, T.H (1997), Some principles of knowledge management Unpublished Working Paper Ford, D.P (2003), "Tmst and knowledge management: The seeds of success", Heidelberg, 553-576, Govindarajan, V., & Gupta, A.K (2000), "Knowledge management's social dimension: Lessons fromNucor Steel", Sloan Management Review, 42, 71-80 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A muUiple of large disUibuted organizations", 7o»rna/ Knowledge Management so !-^-^,hdng 01/2014 78 case study 10(4), 6-24 klflii ti'J'tiiiiirieii GlflODUCSDfiOTF^P Pemberton, J.D., & Stonehouse, G.H (2000), "Organisational learning and knowledge assets - An essential panncrship" The Learning Organization, 7, 184-193 Piaget, J (1965), The moral judgement of child The Free Press Raja, R A & Josef, H (2007), "Perceptions of the impacts of organizational culture and inforaiation technology on knowledge sharing in constmction" Construction Innovation 8(3), 182-201 Ruggles R (1998), "The state of notion: Knowledge management in practice", California Management Review 40, 80-89 Saeed, T., Ahmad, M Ams-Ul-Haque, M & Chaudhry A (2010), "Knowledge Management Practices: Role of Organizational Culture", 17(1) Shanmllah, D.R., Chong, S.C- & Lin, B (2008), "Perceived importance and effectiveness of KM performance outcomes: perspectives of institutions of higher learning" International Journal of Innovation and Learning, 5( 1), 18-37 Sharimllah, D.R., Chong, S.C & Hishamuddm Ismail (2009), "The practice of knowledge management processes' A comparative study of public and private higher education institutions m Malaysia", Journal of information and knowledge management systems, 39(3), 203-222 Sinkula, J.M., Baker, W.E & Cordelier, T (1997), "A Framework for Market-Based Organizational Learning: Linking Values, Knowledge, aad Behavior", Academy of Marketing Science Journal, 25(4), 305-319 Slater, S.F., & Narver, J.C, (1995), "Market Orientation and the Learning Organization", Journal of Marketing, 59(7), 63-74 Vygolsky, L (1978), Mind in society: The development of higher psychological processes Harvard University Press Wasko, M M., & Faraj, S, (2005), "Why should I Share? Examining social capital and knowledge contribution in electronic networks of practice", MIS Quarterly 29(1), 35-57 Wu, F & Cavusgil T (2006), "Organizational learning, commitment, and joint value creation in inlerfirm relationships" Journal of Business Research, 59, 81-9 Factors affecting teachers' behavior in sharing knowledge in universities Abstract: This research is aimed al identifying the factors ajjecting teachers' behavior in sharing knowledge in universities Survey data were collected from 422 teachers of six universities in Ho Chi Minh city The research model is based on the Social Exchange (Homans 1958; Blau 1964) Social cognition (Bandura 1989), Cognitive development (Piaget 1965) Social construction theoiy (Jonassen & ctg 1995) and other previous studies The reliability and validity of the scale were tested by Cronbach s alpha coefficient and exploratory factor analysis (EFA) The results of multiple regression analysis show that the five Jactors in descending Older affecting the teachers 'knowledge-sharing behavior in the universities are as follows; reward system, organizational culture, information technology, trust, learning orientation Thong tin tac gia: * Bui Thj Thanh, Tien si kinh le - Gidng vien chinh - Nai cong tdc- Khoa Qudn tri kinh doanh Dgi hgc Kinh te Thdnh phd Hd Chi Minh • Linh vuc nghien ciru chinh: Phdt trien vd Qudn tri nguon nhdn luc.Hdnh vi khdeh hdng Lai the cgnh trmh Qudn ly tn thirc • Mgt so tgp chi dd cdng bd cdng trinh • Tgp chi Phdt triin kmh ti Tgp chi Kinh te vd Phdt trien Tgp chi Cong ngh? Ngdn hdng Tgp chi Tdi Email: chinh btlhanh@ueh.edu.vn S