NHỮNG ĐIỀU CHỈNH CHIẾN LƯỢC VÀ CHÍNH SÁCH NGOẠI GIAO CỦA TRUNG QUỐC ĐỐI VỚI NGA

N H O N G D I E U C H I N H C H I I N Lime VA CHJNH SACH NGOAI GIAO CUA TRUNG QUOC OOl Vdfl NGA TUT 1949 DEN NAY L£VANM?' L ien bang Nga 1ft qu6c gia lang giing ldn nhfi't cua Trung Quoc Nfim 1991, trudc Lidn Xo tan ra, thi Lien bang Cdng hda Xfi hdi Chu nghia (CHXHCN) Xd Viit (Lien Xo) vft Cfng hoft Nhfin dan (CHND) Trung Hoa 1ft hai quic gia xa hdi ehu nghia (XHCN) ldn nhfi't trfin thi gidi Ki tfl nUdc C H l ^ Trung Hoa (nUdc Trung Quoc mdi) ddi eho din Chiin tranh lanh kit thflc, quan hf gifla hai nfldc Trung Quie vfi Lien Xd da trai qua mft chfing dudng quanh co phflc tgp, tit ban sang thfl rii sau dd lai binh thudng hofi quan hf Din nfim 1992, Lien bang Nga chinh thflc lfi quoc gia dgi dien cho Lien Xd cu, thi tfl dd tdi nay, quan hf gifla Trung Quoc vfi Nga mdi thue sU bUde vfio mot giai dogn phat triln on dinh, vilng chde Nhin lai quft trinh diiu chinh chiin lUdc vft chfnh sach ngogi giao cua Trung Quie ddi vdi Lidn Xd trudc day vft nude Nga hien ed t h i dUde chia lftm hai giai doan, dd lfi giai doan trUdc Chiin tranh Ignh kit thflc vft giai doan sau tfl Chiin tranh lanh den I Giai d o ^ triidc Chien tranh ket thtic: 1949-1991 TS Yi^n NghiSn cflu Trung QuSi: Chiin liidc "nhdt biin ddo" nghiing han viphia Liin Xd Kl tfl nudc Trung Quic mdi ddi cho tdi diu thftp nien 60 t h i ky XX, ngoai giao Trung Quoc da fip dung chien lUpc "nhfi't bien dao" nghifing h i n vl phfa Lidn Xd Dfiy 1ft thdi ky quan hf mftt thiet mft ljch sfl gpi 1ft thdi kj^ "trfing mfit" eua quan hf gifla Trung Quoc vfi Lien Xd Ngfty 1-10-1949, nfldc CHND Triing Hoa dupe thftnh lfip, da chpn dudng di len CNXH lfi muc tieu phfin dft'u lau dfii ciia minh Ngay aau dd, ngfty 3-10, Lien bang CHXHCN Xd Viit lfi quoe gia diu tifin da thiit lap quan hf ngoai giao chinh thflc vdi nfldc Trung Quoc mdi Nude Trung Quie mdi ddi dflng trfldc tinh hinh dfi't nude vfla trai qua cufc chiin tranh giai phdng, chong chit diy diy nhflng khd khfin, vi vfy, nhifm vy quan trpng hftng diu dd 1ft vifc khdi phye kinh ti, thuc hifn cdng nghifp hofi de lftm cho dfin giftu nfldc manh Trong Iflc dd, tinh hinh quic t i tfl sau Chien tranh t h i gidi lin thfl Hai da phfin chia thfinh hai ci^c M j - Xd vft chiin tranh lanh eiing da b^t diu Nudc Trung Quic mdi dudi sU Ifinh dgo cua 64 Dang Cfng san, mft chinh Dang cd tu f thflc hf tfldng ddng vdi Dang Cfng san Lidn Xd, dd Trung Quic lgi 1ft dSi thu eua My cufc chiin tranh cfieh mgng Dang Cfng s4n vft nhfin dfin Trung Quie tiin hftnh VI vfy, nude Trung Quic mdi ddi, dl bao vf thfinh qua cfieh mgng eua minh, thi dilu kifn bdn ngofii v6 cflng quan trpng dd 1ft py tin tgi vft sU trp giflp cua Lidn Xo Dfiy chfnh 1ft nguyin nhfin cd ban cua chiin lupc "nhfi't bidn dao" nghieng hSn vl phfa Liin Xd cuangoai giao Trung Quie thdi k^ diu dyng nUdc Cym tfl "nhfi't bidn dao" lin diu tifin xufi't hifn bfti phfit bilu cua Cbu Uch Trung Quic Mao Trgeh Ddng sau nUdc CHND Trung Hoa ddi dng ndi ve nen "chuydn chinh dfin chu nhfin dfin" Trong bfti phat bieu cua minh, sau chi trich "My muin bfi chiim toftn t h i gidi, dung vu khf dl hd trp Tudng Gidi Thgch, tftn sat hftng trftm van ngudi Trung Quoc", Chu tieh Trung Quoc Mao Trgeh Ddng sau dd da trinh trpng tuyen bo Trung Quoe s6 nga ve phia Lien Xd; "Nhft't bien dao 1ft bfti hpe tfl 40 nfim kinh nghifm cua Tdn Trung Sdn vft 28 nfim kinh nghifm cua Dang Cfng san dl lai cho chflng ta, nhfin thflc rd r^ng muin giftnh dupc thing lpi vft gifl vflng thing lpi, cin phai nhft't bidn dao Tfch luy kinh nghifm 40 nfim vft 28 nfim, Trung Quoc khong nga v i phe ehu nghia d i quie (CNDQ) thi cCing phai nga vi phe CNXH chfl khing ed lUa chpn nfto khfie Chung ta phan doi bd phfii phan dfng Tudng Gidi Thach nga theo phe CNDQ, chflng ta Cling phan doi ao tudng vi dudng thfl ba" (1) Cd t h i thft'y rling "nhfi't bien dao" da giflp Trung Quoc tim dUde dong minh ldn manh 1ft Lifin Xd Ngfiy 14-2-1950, Lidn Rghi6n cflu Lieh siJr s j 3.2012 Xd vft Trung Quie da k^ kit "Hifp Udc ding minh hflu nghi vfi tUdng try Trung - X6" Vdi hifp Udc nfiy, ay sinh t i n ciia nUdc CHND Trung Hoa giftnh dflpc ai;( bao dam vflng ch&c Trong nhflng nftm diu nu6c Trung Quic mdi vfla thftnh lfip, nhflng khoan vifn trp cua Lifin Xd dft giflp Trung Quic xfiy d\(ng dU0c nhflng ed sd diu tifin eho vifc tiin hftnh cdng cufc cdng nghifp hofi dit nUdc Din nfim 1957, Trung Quic vft Lidn XO k^ kit "Hifp dinh ky thuftt quic phdng Trung - Xd" dd Lidn X5 hfla afi giflp dd Trung Quic phfit triln vu hat nhfin, tfl dd lftm cho quan hf Trung - Xd ngfiy cftng thfim gfin bd vfi trd thftnh mii quan hf tot dgp nhtft ljch sfl quan hf Trung - X6 Nhung cung chfnh thdi gian nfty da bfit diu xufi't hifn mft vfii aU kifn gfiy bfi't dong, anh hudng din quan hf gifla bai nUde, dd lfi Lidn Xd sau dd da ddn phfldng huy bd "Hifp dinh ky thuft quic phdng Trung - Xd" vfla ky kit nflm 1957; lfi vifc Lien Xd c6 nhiing phan doi vl mft so phong trfto b Trung Quoc nhU phong trfto "dgi nhay vot", phong trfto cdng xa nhfin dfin vfi vfto thfing nfim 1957, gifla Trung Quie vft An Dd da n i cudc xung dft tren hifin gidi gifla hai nude, Lidn Xd Iflc dd, vdi myc dich thi^c hifn ring rfii chiin lupc "hoft binh" da khdng thi hifn ro lfip trUdng eua minh vft gpi si^ kifn nfty 1ft mft vifc "dau long" tuyen bo cua TASS Do nhflng eufe trao doi vft thUdng lU0ng gifla Trung Qud'c vft Lidn Xd khdng du tfeh ct^c dfi d i n din mfiu thuftn gifla hai bin ngfty cftng sfiu sfic Bfi't dong gifla hai bdn d i n d i n cdng khai hoa Chiin luge phdn dot "ehu nghia xet lgi Liin Xd Tfl cuii nhflng nfim 50 t h i ky XX, quan hf Trung - Xd d i n din xufi't hien mfiu thuin ldn rii di din lufn chien vft cuii eflng 1ft vd Rhttng dlgu ehinh ehign luge Tai Dai hfi l i n thfl XX cfla Dang Cfng san Lien Xd vfto thang nftm 1956, Bf thu thfl nhfi't Dang Cfng san Lien Xfi Nikita Khrushchev dfi dpc bao cfio ting kit cua Ban Chfi'p hftnh Trung Udng Dang Bfio cfio dua nhiiu quan dilm mdi vl phong trfto Cpng san quic t i vft tinh hinh chinh tri t b i gidi, dUa dudng ldi "chung aing hda binh, cgnh tranh hda hinh, qufi df hda binh" Phfa Trung Quoc dfi khdng dong f vdi quan dilm nfty Trung Quoe cho ring day 1ft "dl cao ehu nghia tu ban, eoi thudng chu nghia xa hfi" Cfic bft't ding cftng dupe phan finh rd rftng hdn tai Hdi nghj Mfitcdva nfim 1957, hai ben Trung Quoc vfi Lien Xd da bfi't dong nghidm trpng ve mft chi dao tu tudng doi vdi tinh hinh ehinh tri t h i gidi vft quan hf quic ti Cung tgi Dai hfi l i n thfl XX Dang Cfng san Lien Xd, Khrushchev da dpc bfio cfio mftt (vi khing chinh thflc dUdc dfing tai tren bfi't kf phUdng tien truyen thong nao) hoan toan phu nhftn vai trd eua Stalin, ciing cd nghia 1ft phfl nhfin hofin toftn lieh sfl Lidn Xd vft ehuyen chinh cua giai cfi'p vd san Doi vdi Trung Quoc thi vai trd cua Stalin doi vdi Lien Xd cung giong nhu cua Alao Trgeh Ddng doi vdi Trung Quic Vl vfy ban bfio cao khien cho cac nhft lao thftnh each mgng cua Dang Cong san Trung Quic phan doi va canh gific vdi Lien Xd Bfi't dong Trung - Xd edn tiip tyc tgi cfic Dai hdi tiip theo cua Dang Cfng san Lien X3 ciing nhu cua Dgi hdi Dang Cfng san Trung Quic sau dd Phia Trung Quoc thi cho ring LiSn Xd di theo dUdng chii nghia xit lgi, cdn Lidn Xd lgi ldn an Dang Cpng san Trung Quoc 1ft chu nghia gifio diiu, gifio phfii, chu nghia mao hilm ta khuynh, dfic bift 1ft v & d i "Ai 1ft dai difn chfin chinh cua chu nghia Mac - Le nin Vi vfy Ifp trudng cua hai bdn ngfty cftng cfieh xa Tfl gifla thfip nidn 60 t h i ky XX, Trung Quie ludn trgng thfii dii khang vdi LiSn Xd, gUdng cao ngpn cd chong chu nghia sd vanh nUdc ldn, chu nghia xdt lgi vft chu nghia ba quyln Lifin Xi Nfim 1966, hai Dang Cfng aan Trung Quic vft Lidn X5 cit dflt quan hf Cung nflm 1966, tai kf hpp Trung Udng lin thfl 11 khofi 8, edng tfic dii nfi, Trung Quoc quyit dinh tiin hftnh cufc "Dai Cfich mgng vftn hofi vd san" Vl d6i ngoai, Trung Quoc vfla phan dw 'Tfip doftn chu nghia xdt lai hifn dgi" Lien Xo dflng diu, vfla phan doi CIWQ My, tflc 1ft "giUdng cung vi hai phia" My vft Lifin Xd Vdi chiin lupc ngogi giao "giUdng cimg vl hai phia" nfty da khiin cho ngogi giao Trung Quoc rdi vao mft eye difn hi co lfip chUa tflng thfi'y Viec giUdng eao la ed y thflc hf vfi lpi fch quoc gia phfit sinh mfiu thufin cd ban Vi lpi fch an ninh hofic la cdn dang tiim i n hoflc 1ft da the hien ro dd la: phfa Bie 1ft Lien Xd; phia Nam thi ed An Dp; phia Ddng la Nhfit Ban, cdn tren Thai Binh Dfldng thi eo My Ve lpi ich kinh ti: cfic dudng giao luu kinh ti, mfiu dich doi ngogi cua Trung Quoe hofin toan bi phong tda, khien eho mpi sU phat trien nUdc hi kim ham, nln kinh te quoc dfin dflng bfin bd cua sU ayp d6 Ngfiy 23-31969, Mao Trgeh Ddng lin diu tien thfla nhfin: "Bfiy gid chung ta hi cd Ifp roi, khong cdn quan tfim din chung ta nfla roi" (2) Chiin luge "mdt tuyin" liin kdt vdi My chdng Lien Xd Chiin Iflpe ngogi giao lftm cfich mang t h i gidi cl thftp ky 60 t h i ky XX dft lftm cho nhflng nhft lanh dgo Trung Quoc nhftn thflc dupe hoftn canh khd khftn cua minh, nhit 1ft sau xay sU kifn xung dft bien gidi Itghian eOru JJeh sir, stf 3.2012 Trung - Xd thfing 3-1969, Mao Trgeh Ddng lin diu tien thfla nhfn "chflng ta dang bj bao vfiy" sau dd dUa quyit dofin "trong hai nfldc bfi quyln (Liin Xd vft My) chflng ta phai tranh thu Ift'y mft, khdng thi eflng Iflc chiin dfi'u trdn hai trfin tuyin" Nfim 1972, Td'ng thing Uf Nixon tiin hftnh chuyin viing thfim ljch sfl din Trung Quie Hai bfin Trung - My dgt dupe ay hpp tfic chiin lupc Ngogi giao Trung Quie cung diiu chinh tfl chiin lupc "giUdng cung vi hai phfa" aang chiin luyc "mft tuyin" (mft dudng), thyc chfi't lfi thftnh Ifp mft mfit trfn thing nhft't quoe t i bao gim ca My, Nhfit Ban vft Tfiy Au Di chong lgi Lidn Xfi "Mft tuyin" lfi tu tudng chi dgo cd ban chiin lupc dii ngoai cua Trung Quie cho den cuii nhflng nfim 70, diu nhflng nfim 80 t h i ky XX Trong thdi k^ nfiy, nhflng bfti ndi chuyfn eua cfic nhft lanh dgo Trung Quoc hay nhflng bfti viit trfin bfio chf Trung Quoc deu coi chu nghia bfi quyln Lien Xd 1ft uy hiip ldn nhfi't dSi vdi hda binh t h i gidi Trong bfti phat bieu cua Dftng Tieu Binh ngfiy 1-1-1979 ndi ring: Trong cdng vifc quoc te cua cbflng ta v5n tufin theo ehinh sfich cd ban dupe Mao Trgeh Ddng vfi Chu An Lai Iflc sinh thdi de ra, nhung cfic vi dd chua kip thUe hifn da tg thi Chflng ta thuc hifn mft phin f nguyfn cua cfic vj dd dl lgi Vifc kf kit Hifp Udc Hofi binh Hflu nghj Trung - Nhft vfi vifc binh thudng hofi quan hf Trung My se ed lpi cho hoft binh vft on dinh t h i gidi, cd lpi eho su nghifp ching bfi quyin (tflc lfi chong Lien Xd) (3) Thuc tiin khoang 10 nfim da chflng minh chiin lupc ngoai giao ciia Trung Quoc thdi kf nfiy da dgt dUpc nhOng thftnh cdng nhft't dinh Dudi nhflng no lijlc khdng ngiing cua Trung Quic nhim cai thifn quan hf vdi My Trung vft My dS xfiy dyng mdi quan hf hpp tfic chiin lUpc, chfnh phu Reagan thftm chf cdn lift Trung Quic vfto danh sfich cfic "nUde phi dong minh hflu hio" Nfim 1978, Trung Quic tiin hftnh cai cfich vft md cfla Tfl dfiy chiin lupc ngo^ giao cua Trung Quic Igi bit diu ed a\f diiu chinh tfl chiin lUpc "mft tuyin" sang chiin lupc ngogi giao "dfc Ifp, ty chu" Dgi hfi lin thfl XII Dang Cfng aan Trung Quic hpp vfto thfing nfim 1982 dU^c eoi lfi m6c chuyin dii quan trpng chfnh thflc lich sfl ngogi giao Trung Quic thdi ky mdi Dgi hfi khing dinh dudng Idi chfnh sfich dii ngogi cua Trung Qudc Ift "hoft hlnh, dfc Ifp, ty chu" vft chu trUdng "kiin dinh md cfla vdi nude ngofti trdn cd sd binh ding cflng cd lpi" Nhifm vy then chot nhit chfnh afich dii ngogi cua Trung Quic Iflc nfty 1ft nhim bao dam nhflng diiu kifn bdn ngofti thufn lpi di die sflc phfit triin kinh te, xfiy dyng mft Trung Qu6c hiing mgnh, hifn dgi, trd thfinh mft nhflng trung tfim chfnh tr; vft kinh t i hftng diu eiia t h i gidi Chinh afich d6i ngogi ciia Trung QuSc dfi tfic dfng mgnh din quan hf vdi cfic nudc ldn vfi cac nUdc lfing giing xung quanh Trung Quic Vl quan hf Trung - XS, lanh dgo Trung QuSc Dfng Tilu Binh da cd nhflng bfii phfit biiu, xfic dinh nguydn tic quan hf giOa hai nudc, nfiu len cfic bifn phfip cy t h i dl eai thifn quan hf song phUdng, ding thdi tiltng budc tfing cUdng cfic chuyin thfim hdi l i n giOa cfic cip CuSi cflng, ngfiy 16-5-1989, tgi Dgi iS dudng Nhfin dfin Bfic Kinh da diln mft cufc g$p m$t ljch sii gifla nhfi lanh dao Trung QuSc Dfng Tiiu Binh vft Ting Bf thu Dang Cfng san Lidn X6 Gorbachev Tgi cufc gfp nfty, cfic nhft lanh dgo Trung QuSc MiOmg dl^u ehlnh chiin lirye vfi Lien Xd da chinh thflc thdng qua vifc binh thudng hofi quan hf gifla hai nude Vdi phfldng chfim "chi b i t tay, khdng dm hdn nhau", Ifinh dao Trung Quic Dfing Tilu Binh dfi dinh vj cho quan hf Trung Quoc vdi Lien Xd thdi ky mdi dd lfi hai ben khong ky ket lidn minh qufin sU va lien minh chfnh tri, gifl cho dupc tfnh linh hoat vft tinh dfc lfip d mflc cao nhfi't trUde mpi biin ddng cua tinh hinh the gidi Trong vfi sau cupc gyp cfi'p cao nfty, ngudi ta tha'y vang ldn cfiu "kit thflc qufi khfl, md tUdng lai" (4) Sau cudc gfip gd cfi'p cao Trung - Xd nfim 1989, hai ben dfi di den vifc ky kit binh thudng hofi quan hf, thi eye difn qud'c t i lai xay nhflng biin ddng b Dong Au, nftm 1991 sau "aU kien 19-8", ngfty 25-12-1991 Lifin bang CHXHCN Xo viet tuyen bo giai thi Ngay 27-12-1991 Lien bang Nga ddi Ciing ngfty, hai nUdc Trung Quoc vft Lien bang Nga ky "Ky yeu hdi dfim" tai Matxedva, chfnh thflc thiit Ifip quan hf ngoai giao gifla hai nUde Trung - Nga Quan h e doi tftc htfp tfic chien lUtfc Trung - Nga tit sau Chien t r a n h Ignh Sau Lidn xd tan ra, Chien tranh lanh kit thflc, Trung Quoe vfi Lifin bang Nga (nudc dai difn cho Lien xd eu) da tflng budc xfic lfip "Quan hf doi tftc hdp tfic chiin lupc binh dfing vfi tin cfy l i n nhau" Hai nudc tiin hftnh'hpp tfic trfin nhilu linh vUe tfl quan bf song phUdng din hpp tfic khu VUc vft giai quyit nhiing vfi'n de tofin ciu Gifla thang 12 nfim 1992, Ting thing Nga B.Yeltsin thfim Trung Quoc lin diu tifin theo ldi mdi cfla Chu tich Trung Quoc Dudng ThUdng Cdn Trong chuyin tham nfiy, hai ben dfi "Tuyfin bo chung" dUa trgn nguyen t i c ciing tin tgi hofi binh de phfit triln quan hf Ifing giing hflu nghi, hpp tfic eflng c6 lpi, tdn trpng quyln tfl li^a chpn dudng phat triln cua moi nudc Thfing nfim 1994, Chu tjch Trung Quie Giang Trgeh Dfin thfim chfnh thflc Nga Lanh dgo hai nude da ky tuydn b i chung ve xfiy dung quan hf doi tae hUdng tdi t h i ky XXI, bfiy to hai ben "eflng eoi 1ft nhfin to nude ldn quan trpng bao vf hoft binh vft on dinh quft trinh hinh thfinh hf thong the gidi da cUc, tfing cUdng hpp tfic cdng vifc quoc ti, bao gim hpp tac giai quyit nhflng vfi'n de mang tinh tofin ciu" Phai thfi'y ring thfip nien 90 t h i k y XX, t h i gidi dupe chflng kiin sfl nongft'mtrd lgi quan hf Trung - Nga Bflde aang t b i ky XXI, dilm nii bftt nhit quan hf gifla Trung Quoe vft Lien bang Nga dd 1ft vifc hai nUdc da nfing quan hf ldn tfim dii tfic chien lUpc, diiu chUa tiing diln lich sfl quan he gifla hai nUdc Ngay tfl nhiing nfim diu cua the ky XXI, hai nUde Trung Quoc vfi Nga da tiin hftnh nhflng budc di vflng chic de thiit lfip moi quan he doi tfic chien Ifldc Ngay 16-7-2001, tai Matxedva, nhiing ngfldi dflng diu hai nfldc Trung Quoc vfi Nga da ky "Hiep Udc lang giing hflu nghi vft hpp tac Nga - Trung" vdi thdi han 20 nftm Hifp Udc nfty da dfit nen tang cho sU phfit triln mil quan hf doi tac chiin lUdc tofin difn gifla Trung Quoc vfi Nga nhflng thfip nien diu the ky XXI Day cdn dupe gpi lfi "Hifp Udc t h i ky" Hifp Ude da cy the hofi y nguyen eiia hai nUde 1ft cflng thuc diy moi quan he bang giao tot dep gifla hai nude, triln khai hdp tfic rfng rfii gifla hai bfin tren cd ad tdn trpng sU toftn ven lanh tho ciia nhau, khong xam phgm vfi can thifp vfio edng vifc npi bp cua "Hifp Udc t b i ky" nfty cd nhieu dilm Rghien cflu Ljch si stf 3.2012 khfic ao vdi Hifp fldc hflu nghj Trung • Xd mft hai nude Trung Quie vft Lidn Xd trudc day ky vfto nhflng nftm 50 cua t h i ky trfldc, Iflc dd lfi aU kit thftnh lidn minh gifla hai quo'c gia c6 thi chi chfnh tri tUdng ding Cdn Hifp Udc lin nfty 1ft sU hpp tfic trdn cd sd khdng kit lien minh, khdng nhim vfto nudc thfl ba (5) Bfio "Trud" (Lao dfng) cua Nga dflng bfti "Su Igc quan cdn khidm nhudng nhung dft minh chflng", bfii bfio viit' "Vifc ky Hifp Udc lfing giing thfin thifn, hflu nghi vfi hpp tfic Nga - Trung vft Tuydn b i chfnh tri Mfitxcdva cua nguyfin thu hai nUde c6 thi trd thfinh bUdc ngofit thfit sU quan hf dii tfic chiin lude gifla hai nudc" (6) Qua vifc ky kit hifp flde ed thi thfi'y ring: Thii nhdt, cfic nhft lanh dgo CHND Trung Hoa vft Lidn bang Nga nhfin thiy cin thiit phai tao dUng cd sd phfip ly bin vflng vfi lau dfti cbo doi tac chien lUdc Trung - Nga Thii hai, hifp Udc da fi'n dinh va tao cd sd eho mfi hinh quan hf mdi gifla quic gia co chu quyln ldn Nguyen tfic ebiin lUdc cflng phfit triln trd thftnh cd sd phoi hdp Trung - Nga eho nhilu nfim tdi Dieu nfty cung tao md binh quan hf quic te mdi (Vf dy vifc thftnh lfip t i chflc ThUdng Hai (SCO) 1ft mft nhflng yiu to cd y nghia quic t i vi sU phoi hpp chiin lupc gifla Trung Quoc vft Nga Nhflng nguyfin tic nfiy lin diu tidn dupc ghi vfto Hifp Udc Thii ba, trfin cd ad hifp udc, ca Trung Quic vft Nga diu nhfn thflc dupe aU tUdng dong dfti ban, bo xung lin nhau, ay trflng hdp vft gin gfli vi lpi ich chiin lupc Cd sd cho sU hiiu biit lin da dUde xay dyng tren ed ad nfiy, Hifp Ude t h i hien sU khdi diu cho giai doan mdi mang tinh nguyen tie hdp tac hai nude vi ring dieu ehu yiu dfi dupc ghi hifp'Udc dd lfi luftn dilm vl sU phSi hpp gifla hai quic gia nhim trt nln hoft binh vfi on dinh, thflc diy cflng phfit triin trdn ca cip df khu vUc lin trdn cip df tofin ciu Tuyfn b i chung cua CHND Trung Hoa vft Lifin bang Nga ngfty 2-12-2002 chuyin thfim cua Tong thing Nga V.V.Putin, nhin mgnh ring Hifp Udc nfim 2001 "cd f nghia lich sfl vfi thUe tiln quan trpng, 1ft nln tang viing chic cho sU phfit triln Iftnh mgnh vft i n djnh mSi quan hf lfing giing vft hflu nghj gifla hai quSc gia Hifp Ude Ift tfti lifu mang tfnh cUdng linh, cd sflc mgnh to ldn nhim dam bao phfit triin mgnh m6 khdng ngiing quan hf song phUdng, md chfin trdi mdi tfing cudng quan hf chiin lu^c giiia hai nUdc trfin t i t ca mpi ITnh vUe khdng cd ngoai trfl" (7) Cfich tiip cfin dii tfic chiin lupc giiia Trung Quoc vft Nga 1ft hai nUde tdn trpng si^ lUa chpn cua m5i nUdc, khSng can thifp vfto cdng vifc nfi bf eua nhau, tftng cudng dSi thogi giiia cac nen vftn minh, xfiy dung t h i gidi da trung tfim, ung hf da cue, ching chu nghia bfi quyin, vi sU nghifp ciing ci t h i chi Clia Lien hpp quoe vft luftt phfip quic ti, thyc hifn hpp tfic cilng ed lpi tren Cd sd binh ding, bo xung lin vfi cilng phfit triln Nhilu binh luf n quic t i cho ring: Niu nhfl hai nudc Trung - Nga khong cd sU thing nhfi't thi vi t h i chiin lupc cua hp se bi yiu di rfi't nhilu Vft ngflpc lai, niu cd sU ling hf lfin thi vi t h i chiin lUdc cua bai cUdng quie sS dflpc tfing cUdng rfi't nhiiu (8) Thang 5-2008, Tong thing Nga Madvedev din thfim Trung Quie sau nhflm chflc duyc nfla thfing Td'ng thing Nga vfi Chii tieh Trung Quic Ho Cim Dfto dfi dfinh gifi cao vifc xay dUng vft phfit trien quan hf dSi tfic hpp tfic chiin lUdc vft nhit Rhihig diiu ehlnh ehlin luyc tri dong y tiep tuc cilng nd Iflc thflc diy quan hf dSi tfic hpp tfic chiin lupc Trung Nga Hai bfin da ky tuyen b i chung Trung - Nga ve cfic vfi'n de quic t i trpng dgi Tuydn bS" chung ndu ro: Tufin thu "Tuyfin b i chung CHND Trung Hoa vft Liin bang Nga vi da cue hofi t h i gidi vft xfiy dyng trfit tu quie t i mdi" ngfty 23-4-2007 vft "Tuyen b i chung CHND Trung Hoa vft Lifin bang Nga ve trftt tu qud'c t i t h i ky XXI" ngfty 1-7-2005, hai bfin nhfi'n mgnh Trung Quic vft Nga xfiy dUng quan hf doi tfic hpp tftc chiin lupc vfi "Hifp Udc lfing gifi^ng hflu nghj hpp tfic Trung - Nga" ngfiy 16-7-2001 1ft nhflng vfin kifn cd f nghia lich sfl rfi't quan trpng Hai bfin hoan nghenh vifc xay dUng ed c h i hdp tfic gifla cfic cd efi'u nha't t h i hda khu vuc, dfic bift 1ft tftng cudng hdp tfic khu vUc Dong A, md rfng dit thogi chfnh tri, ^^P tfic kinh te, giao lUu vfin hofi, xa hfi b khu vi^c Trung Quic ung hf Nga hfi nhftp.tfeh cue hdn nfla vfto tiin trinh nhfi't thi hoa Ddng A" (9) Nhu vfiy, chiin lUpc vft chfnh sach ngogi giao Clia CHND Trung Hoa doi vdi Lien bang CHXHCN Xd Viet trUdc day trai qua mft chflng dudng quanh eo, lien tuc cd nhflng diiu ehinh Idn Nhung ke tfl Chiin tranh Ignh kit thflc din nay, quan hf Trung - Nga (nUde dgi difn cho Lifin XS) da thofit khdi dupc phong ba lich afl, tiin trfin dudng phfit triln toan difn hudng tdi the ky XXI CHUTHtCH (1) Tuyin tdp Mao Trach D6ng, Nxb Nhfin dfin, B£C Kinh 1994, quyln tr 1472, 1473 (2) Mao Trach Ddng vd nin ngoai giao ndi chinh nudc Trung Quoc mdi Nxb Thanh nien (Tnmg Qu6c), 2003, tr 23 (3) Phi5 Di$u Ti, T r i n Sinh Qufin Nghi thuat ngoai giao D^ng Tiiu Binh: Xudt phdt tie lgi ich chien luac ldu ddi, thiii lap quan h4 ngo^i giao vdi My Nxb Tnlctng Dang Trung Udng Dang Cft« san Trung Qufic, Bic Kinh, 1999, tr 147 (4) Le Vftn My: Ddng Tiiu Binh vd vdn di binh thudng hod quan h4 Trung - Xd T?p cW Nghien ahi Lich si, afi" nftm 2005 (5) Nhdn ddn nhdt bdo fTrung QuS^c) ngfiy 177-2001 (6) TTXVN, Tfti lifu tham khao dfic bift, ngfiy 25-11-2001 (7) 'Thfing cfio chung Lien bang Nga va CHND Trung Hoa" ngfty 2-12-002 Tap chf Nhiing vfiii de Vign Dfing (Nga) 2003, So (8) Titarenko M: Y nghia dia chinh tri viing Viin Ddng: NUdc Nga, Trung Qudc vd cdc nUdc chdu A MfitxcOva, 2008, tr 245 (9) "Tuyfin hS Trung - Nga vl cfic vfi'n de qufic tg" tr^ng dai" TTXVN, Tfii ligu tham khao dfic bift, ngfiy 28-5-2008 VAI MET v £ LICH St I^GlTdl MlJdiVG d iiuYiiM B A TinTdr, xii^iH THAI^H H A NGUYEN VAN B A N G ' MAIVANTfJNG" B & Thudc lfi mft huyfn miin nfli tinh Thanh Hda, cd difn tfch tM nhidn lfi 771,01km', cfich Thfinh p h i Thanh Hda 108km vl phfa Tfiy B^c Phia Bic Bfi Thudc gifip vdi tinh Hda Binh, phfa Tfiy gifip vdi huyfn Quan Hda, Quan Sdn; phfa Nam gifip vdi huyfn Lang Chfinh; phia Ddng giap vdi cfic huyfn Ngoc Lfc, Cim Thuy vft Thach Thfinh vi tri dia 1;^ nfty tao thufin Ipi cho Ba Thude giao lUu ldnh ti, -vftn hda - xa hdi vdi cfic dia phUdng khfie thdng qua efie Quie If £17, 15A vfi dudng Hi Chf Minh Huyfn Ba Thfldc 1ft vflng dft't cd lieh sfl binh thftnh vft phftt triin tfl rf't adm Thufc Hfu kf Dfi eu cfich ngfiy hfing vyn nfim, cfic nhft khao co hpc da tim thft'y b nhflng hang dfng, mfii dfi hfing ehyc dfi'u tfeh cua ngUdi nguyen thuy, tieu biiu nhit lfi mfii Da Dilu, mfii Dfi Nudc, hang Lftng Trang (Lfim Xa) Cflng vdi qufi trtnh vfn dfng vft phfit triln khdng ngflng cua Uch sfl, Bfi Thude da cd nhiiu thay dii v i dia danh Tfl thdi Hflng Vfldng, An Dfldng Vfldng din nhflng nfim diu Cdng nguydn, ' ThS Trudng D^i hpc Su phym Hft Nfi " TS Trudng D^i hpc Hong Dflc Bfi Thfldc thufc huyfn Dd Lung ciia bf Ciiu Chfin rii qufin Ciiu Chfin Thdi thufc Dudng (thi ky VII), Bfi ThUdc thufc huyfn Trudng Lfim Trai qua cfic triiu dyi Dinh, Tiin Lfi, Lf Trin (thi ky X - XIV), Bfi Thudc cd tfin 1ft Lfii Giang, mft 14 huyfn cua Thanh Hda Iflc biy gid Thdi Ld Sd (1428 - 1527), Bfi Thfldc thufc huyfn Quang Binh, phu Thifu Thifin Nfim Minh Mfnh thfl 12 (1831), thufc chfiu Quan Hda, phu Thp Xufin Nfim T^ Dflc thfl (1851), chia td'ng: Sa Lung, Thiit 6ng, Ci LOng vft Diin Lu thufc chfiu Quan Hda Nfim Khai Djnh thfl (1925), ting tren dUpc cit chuyin dl Ifp chfiu mdi 1ft chfiu Tfin Hda gim 30 xa vft 221 chdm Sau Cfich myng thfing Tfim, ly ad chfiu Tfin Hda ddng tyi La Hfin (xa Ban Cdng) Thfing 10-1945, chfiu Tfin Hda dxKfc dii tfn thftnh Bfi Thudc dl ghi nhd cdng lao cua Cim Bfi ThUdc, mft thu linh ngudi Thfii qu6 b Thfldng Xufin phong trfto Cin VUdng ching Phfip Thfing 3-1948, Chu tjch Hi Chi Minh da k^ S&c lfnh so 148-SL, ddn vi hfinh chfnh chfiu Bfi Thude dxlpc d^i thftnh V6i nit vi lich aiSr ngudi mu6ng huyfn Bfi Thudc Huyen Bfi ThUdc Iflc diu cd xfi 1ft: Quo'c Thftnh, Vftn Nho, Thiit Ong, Hi Diin, Quy Ludng, Long Vfin vft Ban Cdng Ly sd ddng tai Cftnh Nfing Ngfty 2-51964, theo Quyit dinh eua Bf Nfi vu, chia xa Qu;^ Ludng, Hi Diln, Long Van, Vfin Nho vfi Quic Thftnh thftnh 18 xa Nftm 1965, xa Tan Lfip dUpc thfinh Ifp, nfim 1984 xfi Diln Lu dfldc chia thftnh xa Diin Lu vft Diin Trung Nftm 1994, thftnh Ifp Tbi trfiii Cftnh Nfing tren ed sd cua xft Lfim Xa Hien nay, Bfi ThUde gim cd thi trfi'n (Cftnh Nfing) vfi 22 xa, 1ft huyfn miln nfli da tfc ngUdi, vdi td'ng dfin so 1ft 103.449 ngUdi (nfim 2007), dd ngudi Mudng chiim 51%, ngUdi Thfii chiim 32%, ngudi Kinh vfi mdt s i dan tpc khac chiim 17% dfin si Lich sU hinh thdnh Ngudi Mudng la mdt 54 dfin tpe b Vift Nam Trong ddi s6hg, ciing nhU y thflc tu gific tfc ngudi, dong bfio Mudng tU nhfin minh lfi Moi, Mon, Mui Ngudi Mudng d Tbanh Hda song rai rfic d 11 huyfn miin nfli vft mft so xa mien xudi Tfp trung dong nhfi't b cfic huyfn Thach Thftnh, Cim Thuy, Bfi ThUdc, Ngpc Lftc, Nhu Thanh Dia bftn cU trfl cua ngudi Mudng Thanh Hoa chu yeu 1ft vflng ban sdn dia, ven cfic llfu vUc sdng Ma, sdng Chu, sdng Am, adng Ciu Chfty, sdng Budi, sdng Muc khu vUc nfty CO nhflng thung lung ldn, dfi't dai mfiu md, cfi nhflng hfii bii ven sdng Bdi vfiy ngudi din ty cU tfl rfi't lfiu ddi vft phfit triln sdm nghi ndng lua nUde Bdn canh canh tfic rudng nUdc ngUdi Mudng cdn kit hdp canh tfic nUdng rfty Ngofti ra, khai thfic tu nhidn nhU sfin b^t, hai lupm, dfinh cfi ciing 1ft hoat dpng kinh t i gifl vi tri quan trpng xa hdi truyin thing Trudc kia, kl ea gin dfiy, ngUdi MUdng b Thanh Hofi ndi chung vfi b Ba ThUdc ndl rieng v5n nhfin minh lfi ngUdi b "trdn Mudng" de phfin bift vdi ngudi d "dudi Chp", tflc ngudi b dudi ddng bSng (miin xudi) mft lfiu ngUdi Mudng quen gpi lfi ngUdi Kinh khai nifm "kinh k^ ke chp" Hofic tfl nhftn lfi ngUdi d mudng Khd, mUdng Ong Theo tac gia Trin Quic Vupng vft Nguyin DUdng Binh thi tfl "Mudng" xufi't hifn vfio khoang t h i ky thfl XVII Sfic lfnh eua Kinh lupc sfl Bic Kj^ Nguyin Trong Hifp di ngfty thfing nfim Dong Khanh (23-6-1888), tai diiu c6 ghi: "Lap mot tinh gim cac dfi't (cua dan Mudng) xUa thudc cfic tinh Hung Hofi, Sdn Tfiy, Hft Ndi, Ninh Binh" Dfiy c6 the lfi vfin ban chinh thflc diu tien cua Nhft nUdc phong kiin Vift Nam dflng danh tfl Mudng dl chi nhom cU dfin nfiy (1) Cho din trUdc Cfich mang thang Tfim nfim 1945, Ba ThUdc 1ft dia bftn sinh ty cbu yiu cua hai dfin tfc Mudng vfi Thai NgUdi Mudng sing tfip trung chu yiu 15 mudng, dd cd mUdng ldn: mfldng Khodng, mudng Kho, mUdng Lau, mudng Kf, mudng Ong, mUdng Ai, mudng Diln, mUdng Khddng Bay mUdng nhd la mUdng Pa Khan, mUdng Doi, mudng Dfio, mUdng D6n, mudng Rim, mUdng Am, mUdng Chfiu Hp cua ngudi Mudng 1ft cac hp Hft, TrUdng, Pham, Cao, Qufich, Le, Bfli NgUdi Mudng Bfi Thudc thufc nhdm Mfldng Trong (Mudng goc/ban dia Thanh Hda) cd dfic dilm rieng ve ngdn ngfl, trang phye, phong tue so vdi Mudng Ngofii (3 eac tinh phia B^c) Mudng Trong dUde phfin thfinh hai nhdm: mUdng Ong (mfldng que ngoai) vft mudng Ai (mudng que ndi) diu 1ft mft goc eua ngudi Mudng Trong 56 Rghian ciJru Ljch ait s6 3.2012 Nhin chung, Bfi Thfldc 1ft vflng dit cd ljch afl hlnh thfinh vfi phfit triln tfl rfi't sdm, 1ft dja bfin sinh ty chu yiu cua hai dfin tfc Mudng vft Thfii Trong dd, ngudi Mudng 1ft eU dfin ban dja cd nln vfin hofi dfc aic Dd 1ft nin vfin hofi thung Iflng g^n liin vdi ho^it dfng kinh t i Ifla nfldc, nUdng rfiy vft khai thfic lfim t h i san Ngofti cdn luu gifl jihiiu dfi'u fi'n vfin hda Vift ci Vied'u true miidng Lftng xdm cua ngudi Mudng thfldng dfl^c xfiy dyng b chfin dii, chfin nfli, ndi dfi't thoai, gin sdng, suii TrUdc dfiy, mdi lftng cua ngUdi Mudng c6 khoang vfti ehyc nde nhfi, lftng nfto ddng dflc thi khoang bin, nfim chye nde nhft Nhin tfl xa, lfing cua ngudi Mudng thudng i n minh nhiing Iflm cfiy quanh lfing, nhiiu ndi cd nhiing rfing tre bao bpc, nhUng i n tUdng hdn ca 1ft hiu bet cac lftng mUdng dfldc t i dilm bing nhiing-hfing eau cao vflt NgUcli Mudng Ba ThUdc, Cim Thuy, Lang Chanh ndi rieng vft Thanh Hofi ndi chung gpi lftng lfi lung (2) Dfiy lfi ddn vi cd ad cua xfi hpi Mfldng gim nhiiu tiiu gia dinh phy quyln Lfing cdn 1ft mft khii cU dfin lfim thftnh mft ddn vj cd ddi song rieng v i nhilu mftt Trong xa hfi truyin thing (trUdc nftm 1945), lftng (lung) thufc a^ quan If eua mudng Mudng (miidng) Ift ddn vi to chfle xfi hfi, tfip hdp nhilu lftng eflng mft thung lung, hay nhiiu thung lung liln k i Ddn vi t i chflc mudng dft dudi sy quan 1^' cua mft ddng hp qu^ tfc, gpi 1ft lang (f(io Cy t h i nhU lftng Cha, lfing Ki, lfing Chiing Cie trudc nfim 1946 thufc mudng Ong, dudi ay quan ly eua ddng hp Phgm Cdng; cac lftng Chiing Triu, Chiing L§m, lftng Cd, lftng Xfim, lftng Sio thudc mudng Khd, dudi sU quan ly eua ddng ho Hft Cdng (3) Trong xfi hfi truyin thing, ngudi Mudng ndi chung 1ft cU dfin lftm ndng nghifp, kinh t i ehu dyo 1ft cfty Ifla nfldc, vi t h i dia bftn ty cu cua hp gfin liin vdi hf sinh thai thung iQng Do dd, tim dft't Iftp mUdng, ngUdi Mudng chpn nhflng khu vyc thung lung hfi ty diy du cfic diiu kifn cin thiit nhU cd nUdc dl sinh hoyt, san xuit vft khai thfic thuy san, dfi't trflng d l lftm rudng, cd rflng dl khai thfic ngudn lfim san, cd t h i dit cao b^ng d i dung nhft, hudng d i t thoang dfing vfi di lyi giao lUu vdi cfic viing lfin cfn phai thufin tifn Qua nghidn cflu khao sfit cfic mudng trfin dja bfin huyfn Bfi Thudc vfi vflng lfin cfn budc d i u chujig tdi thiy, thdng thudng mft mUdng ci trudc dfiy dupc ciu thfinh b dd ft n h i t lftng co djnh, dd 1ft lftng Chu (Chiing), lftng Ngooc (Ngpc) vft lftng Coc (Goc, Cdc) BSn canh lfing nfiy cdn cd cfic lftng khfie, nhiiu hay ft la tfly theo difn tfch dfi't dai, hch afl hinh thftnh, t i n tai vft phfit triln cua tiing mudng Ba loyi lfing k l trfin gin Uin vdi aU hinh thftnh vft ton tai ciia tflng mfldng Bao gid mft mfldng eiing cd nhiSng ngudi din d}nh cu vft Ifp lftng diu tidn, nhflng lftng dd thudng dupe gpi tdn 1ft lftng Cdc, cd ndi sau nfty gpi trfch di 1ft Gic hay Cpe NhUng Cie, Gic hay Cfc diu cd nghia 1ft gdc, 1ft diu tidn C6 t h i lift kd mft s i tftn lftng tren dia bftn huyfn Bfi ThUdc vft mdt s i khu vyc cua huyfn Cim Thuy dl thiy sU tUdng d6ng: O mUdng Ong cd lftng Lung Cdc (4) (lftng Cic), thupe xa Thiit 6ng mudng Ai ed lftng Lung Cfc, dii ten thfinh lfing Mot thupc xa Lam Xa O mudng Khd ciing cd lftng Lung Cfc, 1ft mft bf phftn cua Lftng Am thufc xa Diin Quang Vfti n6t v& lieh si ngudi Hluimg , lfing Sfio xa Thiit Ke (xUa thufc mUdng Khd) cd xdm Coc, lfi xdm hinh thftnh diu tidn eua lfing nfty mudng Ai cd lftng Lflng Ngpc, gpi 1ft lfing Ngpc Sinh thufc xa LUdng Ngoai, huyfn Bfi ThUde d xft Thanh Lfim (dia bfin ngfldi Thfii) cd ban Coc, gifip mUdng Ai eu cfla ngUdi Mfldng mUdng Tram (Cim Thuy) ed lftng Liing Cdc, thufc xa Cim Lign mUdng Pbfi'm (Cim Thach Cim Thuy) c6 lftng Coc - Vfin Ngofii ra, mft s i lfing cua ngudi Mudng cdn cd ten 1ft Cd, Cfn gin fim vdi tfl Coc, tUdng dUdng vdi Cic, cd nghia 1ft gic mUdng Tram c6 lftng Lung Ngpc, thufc xa c i m Thfinh, huyfn Cim Thuy Mudng Kim cd lftng Ngpc, thupc xa Cim Ngpc, huyfn Cim Thuy Qua dfiy chflng tdi thfi'y dia danh huyfn Ngpc Lfic phai giai thfch nd b ^ g ngon ngfl ban dia Mudng Vi ngdn ngfl Mudng, Ngooc Rgac (J^gooc Ift nguon, Rgac 1ft nUdc) dl chi nguon nUde NhU vfty, Ngpc Lfic Ngooc Rgac phai c6 nghia dl chi ndi ed nguon nude doi dfio thi dflng hdn Mdt loai hinh lfing khfic chinh thi ciu true 1ft lfing Ngope, cd ndi phfit fim trfch di 1ft Ngpc Nhu vfiy, Ngope hay Ngpc diu ed nghia nhu nhau, theo tiing Mudng Ngope - Ngpc cd nghia la nguon Nguon dfiy de chi nguon nUde Bdi vi, ngUdi Mudng lfi cU dfin quen song d viing thung lung cd truyin thong lua nUdc lau ddi nen chon dfi't lfip mUdng bao gid hp cung dfit yeu to nude len hfing diu Do dd phai chpn nhflng ndi thufin ldi ve nguin nUdc dl ainh hoat vft Ift'y nUdc san xufi't Vi vfty, nhflng lftng sing d diu ngudn nUde la nhflng lftng cfi lich sti dinh cU lfiu ddi, nen ngudi Mudng gpi ten 1ft lftng Ngope di chi dfic dilm cU trfl Chinh vi b diu nguin nfin vi trf cua lftng Ngooc thudng b nhflng khu vUc heo hut hdn, sfiu hdn, vft khd di lai hdn so vdi nhflng lang khfic Chung ta cd t h i tim thiy b tren dia bfin huyen Bfi ThUdc vft b mot a i khu vyc Iftn cfn nhu C^m Thuy, Ngpc Lfc nhflng lftng mang ten Ngope hay Ngpc eu the nhu sau: mudng 6ng cd Ngpc ling, 1ft mft khu dit thufc lang Chieng, thuoc xa Thiet 6ng, huyfn Ba thUde Loai hinh lfing thfl ba 1ft nhflng lftng mang tin Cbu Hien dfi'u vit cua nhflng lftng mang ten Chu kha md nhat Hiu nhu ngudi dan cl day khdng cdn nhd gi nhieu vi nhflng lftng nfty NhUng dfl cd ciu t i chflc mft mUdng co cua ngUdi Mudng trudc dfiy cd lftng Chu Lftng Chu 1ft ndi d cua lang dao mpt mUdng Cd the hieu ddn gian 1ft "tbu dd" cfla mdt Mudng, ndi ddng dd cfla lang dao mUdng Cd t h i kl dfiy mpt so diu vit vi loai lang nfty tren dia bftn Bfi ThUdc vft Quan Sdn nhU sau: mUdng 6ng von cd lftng Lung Chu, sau dd'i thftnh lftng Cha (nay thufc xa Thiet Ki, huyfn Bfi Thudc) Day lfi ndi cd dia danh dii "Lai Ly Lai Lfing, cd cfiy Chu da lfi Chu dong, bdng thau qua thiic", lfi dia danh dfldc kl Mo sfl thi Be ddt di niidc cua dfin tfc Mudng Mudng Ai cung cd lftng Lung Chu (nay thupc xa Tfin Lfip, huyfn Bfi ThUdc) cdn ed ten khac lfi Chu San xa Thfinh Lam (dfi't ngUdi Thfii d hien nay) cd ban Chu, giap mUdng Ai cu cua ngudi Mudng sa Ngofti ra, cdn cd dia danh mUdng Chu San, thufc xa Sdn Thuy vft Sdn Difn huyfn Quan Sdn Sau nfty, nhflng ndi cl eua lang dyo dflng diu mft mudng gpi 1ft lftng Chiing Do dd mUdng nfto cung cd mft lfing Chiing, thf m chi ed mudng hai lfing chiing nhfl mfldng Khd ed lftng Chiing Triu vft chiing LSm diu 1ft ndi b cua lang dyo ddng hp lang dyo Hft Cdng Dfiy 1ft mudng nhfi't cua ngudi Mudng b Thanh Hofi ndi chung vfi Bfi Thfldc ndi nfing c6 hai lftng Chiing Theo chflng tdi vfi mft s i nhft nghidn cflu cho r^ng, cd li dia danh lftng Chu 1ft tdn gic c6 lieh afl lfiu ddi, cdn dja danh lftng Chiing xufi't hifn mufn hdn sau nfty (rft't ed thi anh hudng tfl ngudi Thfii?) Lfing Chiing din trd ndn phi biin hdn, cfl chi nfio cd lftng Chiing thi dd 1ft ndi b cua lang dgo trudc dfiy Do vfy, vi trf cua lfing Chu, lftng Chiing bao gid cung b nhflng ndi trung tfim cua mft mfldng, cd dong rufng rfng, dfi't dai mftu md, dfin cU ddng due, nhilu gia dinh khfi gia, di lgi thufin tifn Cd t h i thing kfi hfing ehyc lftng Chiing tren dja bftn huyfn Bfi Thudc vft mdt s i huyfn lfin cfin nhu Lang Chanh, Cim Thiiy, Ngpc Lfc de thiy tinh p h i biin eua loyi lftng diln hinh nfty Chiing Ong (thufc mudng 6ng, thufc xfi Thiit 6ng, huyfn Bfi ThUdc) Chiing Lim, chiing Triu (thufc mUdng Khd, thufc xa Diln Lu, huyfn Bfi Thudc) Chiing Ai (thufc mudng Ai, thufc xfi Ha Trung, huyfn Bfi Thudc) Chiing Dfla (thufc mudng Khiing, thufc xa LUdng Trung, huyfn Ba ThUdc) Chiing Mung (thudc mUdng Tiln, thufc xa Diln Thupng, huyfn Bfi Thudc) Rghian eflu Ltch sir, s i 3.2012 Chiing Ddng (thufc mUdng Phft'm, thufc xa Cim Thych, huyfn Cim Thuy) Chiing Trim (thufc mUdng Tram, thufc xft Cim Thftnh, huyfn Cim Thuy) Chiing Vong (thufc mudng Vong, thufc xa Cim Giang vft Cim