D!A Gidl VA Td CHlh; HANH CHfNH HA NOI THOTl PHAP THUOC NGUtiN TULieU, PHUDNG P H A P T I E P C A N VA NHUNG VAN oi CAN N G H I I N CUU DAO THI DI^N* Hft Ndi 1ft mdt nhflng Thu dd cd lieh sfl lfiu ddi nhfi't tren t h i gidi SU phfit trien cua Hfi N§i ludn gfin lien vdi nhflng chiin thing oanh het tiin trinh ljch sfl dan tdc Trong qufi trinh dii mdi vft hdi nhfip cua Vi^t Nam, Hft Ndi dang phfit triln manh me vft da trd thftnh ndi hoi ty, kit tinh vft tda sang cfic gia tri vfin hda cua cac vflng miin ea nUdc Vi vfiy, vi?e nghien cflu vi Hft Ndi da thUe si^ thu hflt cfic nha khoa hoc Vi^t Nam vft nUdc ngofti Trong hoi canh dd, thuftt ngfl "Hft Npi hoc" da dUdc nhieu chuyen gia sfl dung nhU mgt linh vUc khoa hoc nghien cflu khdng gian vftn hda khu vUe Tuy nhien, theo nhfin dinh ciaa d^i da s i cfic nhft khoa hoe, nhiiu vfi'n d i c6 ban eua bd mdn khoa hoc nfiy nhu cd sd 1^ lu^n, thuc trang nghign cflu vfi dinh hudng phfit triin vfin cin dUqIc thao luftn, lftm ro Vdi muc dfch gidi thi^u kit qua nghiSn cflu sd bd ve mdt nhflng vfi'n dl cua Hft N^i hoc, bfii viit mong dflijc gdp thfim NguSn tU lieu vi Bia gidi vd Td chitc hdnh chinh Hd Ndi thdi Phfip thudc, dong thdi dfla m^t vfti y kien budc diu vi xae dinh PhUOng ' TS Trung tfim LUu trfl Quoc gia I phdp tidp c^n ud nhOng vdn di cdn nghiin ciiu thudc linh vi^c nfty Ljch sfl ludn diSn mdt khing gian vft thdi gian n h i t dinh Vide xac dinh khung khdng gian cua cfic sU kien gifl m^t vj trf quan trong nghifin cflu lieh sfl Ngofti khung khdng gian dia ly, dia - chinh tri, dia - vftn hda edn cd khong gian hfinh chfnh mfi dd moi khung khdng gian cd lien quan din nhiiu mftt khfie vfi vi^c nghien eflu moi khung khong gian nfty lai tUdng flng vdi nhflng phUdng phap tiip cfin vft nhiing vfi'n di cin nghifin cflu riSng Trong khoa hoc lich sfl, cd mdt diim chung nhfi't, cd t h i dflpc coi nhfl dilm xufi't phat cua tfi't ca cfic phUdng phfip tiip c^n vfi nhflng vfi'n d i nghidn eflu cua moi khdng gian, dd 1ft vi^c xdc dinh ngudn tii liiu tra ciiu Dii vdi khing gian hftnh chfnh, gin liin vdi cfic ddn vi hfinh chfnh, cfic dia danh lich sfl mft cfic ddn vi hftnh chfnh lgi chfnh quyin quy dinh theo ydu ciu quan If nhft nudc nen chflng luon biin ddng vdi vi^c thay doi ddn vi hftnh chfnh, xda bo hay thftnh Ifip nhflng nhflng ddn vi mdi, luc tfich luc nhfip rit Bja glOl vh t6 chirc hAnh ehinh Tjft RQl phflc tap Vl thi, chi mdt thdi gian ngin vfti ba thfip ky mft khdng cd tu li^u tra cflu thi rft't khd xac djnh dflng din nhflng thay dii cua cac ddn vi hftnh chinh di dinh vi dflng ddn vi hi^n tai tiin trinh lich sfl cua nd Diiu dd chflng td ring, tli liiu tra ciiu ddng m^t vai trd cifc kf quan trong nghign cflu hch sfl ndi chung vft nghidn eflu v i Bia gidi vd td chiic hdnh chinh ndi rieng Dflng nhU ldi Seignobos - Gifio sU Sfl hoc cua Trudng Sorbonne (Paris) da viit tfl t h i ky XIX: "Sans documents, il n'y a pas d'histoire ft dcrire" (Khdng cd tfti lidu, khdng cd gi di viit) (1) Vi dia danh vft cfic dOn vi hftnh chfnh ca nude vft d Bfic Kj^ trudc thdi Phfip thudc, chflng ta da cd mdt s i tu lifu dl tra ciiu nhung khdng nhieu, chu yiu lfi sfich vfi mdt s i cdng trinh chuyen khao Thf du: cuon "Nomenclature des communes du Tonkin" cua Ngd Vi Lien (sip theo tong, phu, huyen hay chau vft theo tinh vdi bang chi tiit gom tfin chfl Han vfi cfic thdng tin dia ly), Hft Noi, in tai nhft in Le Vfln Tfin, 1928 (ban dich "Banh muc ldng xd d Bac K^ "Tin ldng xd vd dia dU cdc tinh Bdc Ky" Nxb Vfln hda, Hft Noi, 1999); "TSn ldng xd Viit Nam ddu thiky XDC' (thudc cfic tinh tfl Ngh? Tinh trd ra, dich tfl "Cdc trdn tdng xd danh bi ldm" viit ddi Gia Long, cdng trinh chuydn khao vi Dia ly SI? hgc bi khdo cua Dfing Xufin Bang), Vien Nghidn cflu Hfin Ndm, ban dich Nxb Vfln hofi-Thdng tin, Hft Npi, 1997; "Bdt nitdc Viit Nam qua cdc ddi" cua GS Dfio Duy Anh (Nxb Khoa hoc, Hft N^i, 1964, Nxb Thu^n Hoa tai ban nflm 1994); "Bin, danh vd tdi lieu li£u trii vi ldng xd Bac Ky" cua Vu Thi Minh HUdng, Nguyin Vfin Nguyen, Philippe Papin, Hft Noi, 1999; "TH diin dia dank lich s& van hod Viet Nam" cua Nguyin Vftn Tfin, Nxb Vfin hoa-Thing tin, Hft Ndi, 1998 Gin dfiy nhft't cd cuon "Vi^t Nam - NhQng thay ddi dia danh vd dia gidi hdnh chinh 1945-2002" cua Nguyin Quang An, Trung tfim Khoa hgc xfi hdi vft Nhfin vfin Quie gia, Nxb Thdng tfi'n, Hfi Ndi, 2003 Ridng vi Hft N6i tfl triiu Nguyen thfinh Ifip cho din nfim 1873, ngofii nhflng tu li§u dupe ghi chip vi duydn cfich cfic bd dia chf, "Bgi Nam thUc luc", "Dgi Nam hdi diin sg IS", chflng ta edn cd them tfii lifu lUu trfl Chau ban, Dia b^, cfic phdng Nha Kinh lUdc Bic K^, Nha huyfn Tho Xudng Doi vdi thdi k^ Phfip thuic, c6 khfi nhieu tfic gia phUdng Tay nhu George Azazambre, Madrolle, Hocquard, Claude Bourrin viit vi Hft Ndi nhung chu yiu 1ft md ta lai phudng, ngUdi, hofic dUa nhflng nh^n x6t chu quan ve cfic linh vUe lich sfl, dia ly, phong tuc, tfn ngUdng, giao thdng cua Ha Ndi thdi k^ diu Phap dfinh Dftng Ngofii Tuy vfiy, nhflng sfich nfty Cling giflp chflng ta ed cfii nhin tUdng doi td'ng qufit ve dien mao p h i phudng Hfi Ndi xua Cd cdng trinh cua tfic gia ngfldi Phap viit vi Hft Nfi mft chflng toi dfic bift chfl f tdi, dd 1ft cfic cuin "Hanoi pendant la periode heroique (1873-1888)" cu- Andri Maason (Paris, P Geuthner, 1929 pages) vft "Histoire de Hand!' cua Philippe Papin (Paris, Fayard, 2001) bdi tfnh xfic thUc ciia nhflng tu lifu dUde sfl dung tac phim Cuon thfl nhfi't dflpc xuit ban 55 nfim sau ngfty Phap Ifip Tda Cdng sfl vft xfiy di^ng tr^i h'nh theo Hifp Udc kJ ngfiy 15-3-1874, nfim md diu cho sU hifn difn cua ehu nghia thue dan Phfip trdn dit Hft Nii Sfich dUde khai thac vft sfl dyng tfti lifu tfl phdng Dd doe vft cae Thing die (fonds des Amiraux et des Gouverneurs) S6 Iflc dd dang dUpe bao quan t^i Kho LUu trfl Trung Udng Hfi Nfi (Ddpdt central de Hanoi) (2) Hdn t h i nfla, tfic gia cua cuin sach 1ft ngUdi gin gifl nhflng tfii lifu nfty (3) vfi ngudi viit ldi tUa eho sfich chfnh lfi Paul Boudet, Gifim die Sd Luu trfl vft Thu vifn Ddng Duong Cud'n thfl hai dupe thai nghin tfl tfic gia dang cdn lfim Lu§n an Tiin si Sfl hpc vi Hfi Npi thdi kf 1805-1940 vft dflpc hoftn thfinh vdi mft khdi lUpng tUdng ddi ldn tfti lifu lUu trfl, ban di, sd dd, bin v5 khai thfic tfl nhieu phdng khfie cua Trung tfim Luu trfl Quic gia I, Hft Nfi (4) Trong so cfic tfic phim cua ngUdi Vift Nam viit vi Hft Ndi thdi k;^ chuyin tfl mdt dd thi truyen thong cua phfldng Ddng sang mdt md hinh dd thi phUOng Tfiy, chujig ta cd mdt so cdng trinh nhu cuon "Hd Noi n^a ddu theky XX' cua Nguyen Vfln Uin (Hft Noi, Nxb Hft Ndi, 2010), "Hd Ndi xUa vd nay" cua Vu Tufi'n San (sach Trung tfim nghien cflu Quic Hpc vfi Nxb Hpi Nhft Vfin xufi't ban nam 2007), "Tii diin dUdng phd Hd Ngi" cua Giang QuSn (Nxb Hft Npi, 2009) Tuy nhien, cung nhU nhfin x6t cua PGS TS Phan PhUdng-.-Thao di tfii nghien cflu ve difn mao ed* Hft Ndi qua tfti lifu dia chinh, so tae phim vfi cdng trinh viet vi Hft Npi thdi k^^ Phfip thupc cd khai thfic vft sfl dung tfti lifu luu trfl chUa nhieu Han nfla, vifc tiip cfin vft sfl dyng tfii lifu lUu trfl cua mdt s i nhfi nghidn cflu ngudi Vift cdn thiiu phudng phfip, din tdi vifc cfic tac phim thiiu tinh khoa hpc vfi trd ndn khd sfl dung Nhfin dip ky nifm 1000 nflm Thflng Long - Hft Npi, khudn kho eua Tu sach "Thfing Long ngftn nfim vfin hiin", Trung tfim Luu trfl Quoc gia I da bien soan bd sach "Hd Ngi qua tai liiu vd tii lieu litu tra 1873-195^' gom 1746 trang, tfip (tftp Rghlfin cflu Ljch sJr stf 3.2012 1: 843 trang; t§p 2: 903 trang) vdi phin Idn, xuydn qua chu d i (Bia gidi - Td chiic b^ mdy hdnh chinh; Giao thdng cdng chinh; Quy hogch - Xdy dung vd Vdn hod • Gido due cua Thftnh p h i Hft N^i tfl 1873 din 1954), dd Dia gidi - Tdchuc bd mdy hdnh chinh 16 phin dupc bidn so^n l^i, cd b^ sung tfl cuin "Dia gidi hdnh chinh Hd Ngi 1873-1954" Trung tfim bidn soan, dupe xufi't ban nflm 2000 Ca hai cuon nfty diu dupc bifn soan dfldi d^ng sfich tra cflu cd tdm t i t nfi dung tfii lifu vft tu lifu lUu trfl, cung cip cfic nguin tu lifu tra eflu cho efie nhfi nghiSn cflu vi Hft Ndi thdi Phap thufc Vdi kinh nghifm cua mft ngudi lftm cdng tfic tu lifu kit hpp vdi cdng tfic nghiSn cflu lich sfl Vift Nam thdi Cfin dai nhieu nfim qua, pham vi bfti viit nfty, chflng tdi man phip dua mdt so y kiin budc diu vi xae dinh nguon tu lifu (5) phUdng phap tiip cftn vfi nhflng vfiji di cin nghien cflu doi vdi dia gidi vd td chiic hdnh chinh eua Hft Ndi thdi Phfip thudc nhu sau: 4.1 Xac d i n h nguon tU lieu Dd'i vdi mdt de tfti nghifin cflu vi bit cfl linh vflc nfio dudi thdi Phap thudc, ngofti cfic loai sfich bfio vfi tap chi dUdng thdi mfi cac nhft nghien cflu quen gpi 1ft "tu lifu dfim ddng" edn cd mpt nguon tU lieu quan trpng nfla ein xae dinh rd, dd lfi cfic vfin ban quy phpm phap lufit cua hf thong chfnh quyin cfic cfi'p bao gom Sie lfnh (Dfcret), Nghi djnh (Arretd), Quyet dinh (Dicision), Chi thi (Instruction) dd quan trpng nhft't 1ft Sic lfnh vft Nghi dinh bdi chflng phan finh mdt cfieh hf thing chu trUdng cua ehinh quyen thupc dia doi vdi tflng Knh vxfc eg thi * Tu lifu: - s i c lfnh: chi cd Tong thong Phap mdi ed quyen k^ Sie lfnh quy dinh cac vfi'n di Sin gl61 vt t6 chflc h6nh chinh ^t RQi cd t i m quan trpng phpm vi tofin hf thing thupc dia, dd cd Ddng DUdng Thi du: Sic lfnh ngfty 12-7-1928 cua Ting thong Phfip quy dinh mft s i vfi'n d i eg thi eho quy hoach vft md rfng dd th} b Ddng DUdng vfi Sic lfnh ngfty 12-6-1942 sfla dd'i Ipi Sic lfnh ngfty 12-7-1928 Mdt diim cin luu f khai thac cfic loai Sic lfnh Td'ng thing Phap kJ, dd lfi npi dung efie bfio cfio cua Tofin quyin Ddng DUdng gfli Bp trUdng Bf Thupc dia, dupe Chanh Vftn phdng Bp tong hpp dl Bp trudng trinh Ting thd'ng Phfip vi vfljn di cd lidn quan dupc dflng kdm Sic lfnh bdi qua cfic bfio cfio nfiy, chflng ta se nim dupe mot cfich tuong dd'i ting qufit vi thUc trang cua va'n di cung nhU chu trUdng eua chfnh quyin thudc dia dii vdi vfi'n d i - Nghi dinh: cd loai, mdt Toftn quyin Ddng Dudng ky, mdt Thong sfl Bic K^ k^ vft mdt Dd'c ly Thanh p h i Ha NdikJ Tofin quyin Ddng Dudng ky tfi't ca cac Nghi dinh cd tinh nguyfin tic chung pham vi Dong Dudng, thfinh Ifip cac cd quan hanh chinh hofic chuy§n mdn cfi'p Ddng DUdng Thi d\i: Nghi dinh ngfiy 197-1888 eua Tofin quyen Ddng DUdng vi vifc Ifip mft Hfi dong Thi chfnh tai moi thftnh Ha Nfi vfi Hai Phdng (6) Nghi d;nh nfty cung quy dinh phin vfi phUdng chflc biu cfic uy vien eua Hpi dong, quyin ban eua Doc 1^ vft cua Hdi dong tai hai Thftnh ndi trdn Toftn quyin Ddng Dfldng Cling ky cfic quyet dinh v i nhfin su bd mfiy chinh quyin thupc dia cfi'p thftnh p h i hay tinh, theo de nghi cua Thong sfl Bic K^ thf du nhU cfic Nghi dinh bo nhifm cac Die ly Hfi Nfi Thong sfl Bie K^ thudng ky cfic nghi djnh cd lien quan den cfic vfiii d i pham vi t h i m quyin da dupc Toftn quyin Ddng Dudng quy dinh, thf di^: Nghi dinh ngfiy 7-2-1906 cua Thd'ng sfl Bic Kjf cho phdp thdn Ddng thufc xfi Yen Thfii dupe Ifp thfinh mft xfi ridng vfi tn^e thufc tong Trung Td'ng, huyfn Hoftn Long, khu ngoai d Hft Nfi Doc 1^ Hft Ndi dupc kf cac Nghi dinh vi cfic vfi'n d i thufc pham vi Thftnh Hfi Npi, phpm vi quyin ban cua minh da dupe Tofin quyin Ddng Dudng hofic Thing sfl Bic Kf phe chuin Thf du: Nghi dinh ngfty 17-7-1914 cua Doc \f Thftnh Hft Nfi chia Thftnh p h i lftm khu vft ft'n dinh ranh gidi gifla cfic khu; Nghi dinh ngfiy 19-10-1933 eua Doc ly Hfi Nfi quy dinh chflc quyin, lUdng bd'ng, cfich tuyen bi, thfing thudng, tfl dich, trflng phat cua cac Pho trUdng thupc Thanh p h i Ha Npi vft dia gidi cfic khu eua PhotrUdng Sic lfnh, Nghi dinh, Quyit dinh, Chi thi dupc cdng b i mot cfich hf thong tren cfic fi'n phim dinh kf nhU: NgUdi hUdng din xfl Bao hd Trung K^ vfi Bic Kf (Moniteur du Proteetorat de I'Annam et du Tonkin), Nien giam Ddng Dfldng thudc Phap (Annuaire de I'lndochine fi:an5aise), Cdng bfio Ddng Duong thufc Phfip (Journal offieiel de ITndochine fran9aise), Cdng bao hfinh chfnh Bic k^ (Bulletin administratif du Tonkin), Cdng bao Thfinh Hfi Npi (Bulletin munieipale de Hanoi) , so dd quan trpng nhfi't doi vdi ngfldi nghidn eflu 1ft Cdng bfio Ddng DUdng thupe Phfip Dfiy 1ft loai edng bfio chfnh thflc eua chinh quyen thudc dia Phap tai Ddng Duong, so diu tien dupe mit nfim 1863 vdi t6n gpi ban diu lfi Cdng bfio Nam Kj^ thupe Phfip (Journal offieiel de la Coehinchine franpaise) Nflm 1889, sau thfinh Ifip Lien bang Dong Duong, ehinh quyin thudc dia Phfip dfi doi ten Cdng bao Nam K^ thupc Phap Kghian eiiru Heh aJr stf 3.2012 thftnh Cdng bfio Ddng DUOng thufc Phfip (Journal ofTiciel de I'lndochine fran9aiBe) Tpp chi nfty dflpc chia lftm hai phin: mft phin xufi't ban tpi Sfii Gdn, dfinh riing d i cdng b i cfic vfin ban quy phpm phfip luft cua chfnh quie vfi cua chfnh quyin thufc d)a b Ddng Duong c6 lign quan din Nam K^ vft Cam-pu-chia; phin thfl hai xufi't bin tpi Hfi Nfi, dfinh dl cing bicfic vfin ban cd lidn quan din Trung K^ vft Bic K^ Chfnh vi vfty, tfl mdi tuin mft ai, Cdng bfio Ddng Duong thufc Phfip da cho mit ngudi dpc mSi thfing hai si Sau ngfiy Nhft dao chfnh Phfip ming 9-3-1945, Cdng bfio Ddng Duong thufc Phfip h\ dinh ban Trong thdi gian Nhft chiim ddng Ddng Dudng, odng bao nfty dupc doi t6n thftnh Cdng bfio Ddng Duong (Journal offieiel de I'lndochine), s i diu tign ngfty 2-6-1945 Sau ngfty Nhfit rflt khoi Ddng Dfldng, Hfi Ndi trd thftnh Thu dd cua nudc Vift Nam Dan chu Cong hda, cdng bfio nfiy tiip tuc xuft't ban d Sfii Gdn Phfip chiim ddng, mdt lin nfla dflpc doi ten thftnh Cdng bfio L^gn bang Ddng Dudng (Journal official de la Fgddration Indochinoiae), s i bit diu tfl ngfty 15-10-1946, chuyen dl cdng bicfic vfln ban quy pham phfip lufit, cfic ban tuygn bo cua chfnh quic c6 lign quan din Lidn bang Ddng Dudng vft c'fie vfin ban quy pham phap lufit, cfic tuyen b i cua chfnh quyen Lign bang cflng cfic lopi vfin bin chfnh thflc khfic Mpt loai tu lifu rfi't quan trpng khing chi doi vdi dja gidi vfi to chflc hftnh chfnh mft cdn doi vdi tft't ca cftc Hnh vflc khfie vi Hft Ndi thdi Phftp thufc, dd 1ft Cdng bfio Thfinh Hft Npi (Bulletin munieipale de Hanoi') bdi tren loai eong bao nfly cd dfing hiu het efie vfin ban cua chfnh quyln thfinh pho, tfl Nghi djnh cua Die 1^ din bidn ban cac k^ hpp Hfi dong thftnh phi Nhflng vfln ban nfty t h i hifn h i u hit cfic vft'n d i cd bin cua Thftnh p h i Hft Nfi thdi k>^ chuyin biin sfiu aic, tfl mft dd thi eua nhft nUdc phong kiin dfc Ifip trd thftnh thu phu cua chfnh quyln thyc dSn, tfl quy hopch vft kit ciu cua mft dd thj Trung dpi phuong Ddng di vfto qufi trinh Cf n dpi hda dudi i n h hudng tn^c tiip cua chu nghia thyc dfin Phfip Ngofti nfi dung chinh ra, cfic cftn cfl di hinh thftnh ndn mdi vfin ban quy pham phfip luft cua chfnh quyin thufc dja cung r i t quan trpng hdi chflng 1ft spi dfiy kit nii gifla vftn ban mdi hinh thftnh vfi cfic vfin ban trUde dd Nhd t h i mfi ngUdi nghifin cflu ed t h i tiip cf n, tftp hdp vfi hf thing cfic vfln ban nfty cho mSi d i tfii * Tfii lifu luu trfl: Niu cfic vftn ban mang tfnh phfip quy phan finh chu trUdng cua chfnh quyin thufc dia thi tfii lifu lUu trfl cfic CO quan hfinh chfnh vfi chuyen mdn hf thing to chflc hftnh chfnh cua chfnh quyin thufc dia san sinh lai phan finh qufi trinh thuc hifn cfic chu trUOng dd vft v4y, tfti lifu luu trfl r i t gin vdi thue trang cua Hft Nfi qua cac thdi k^ Dii vdi cfic nhft Vift Nam hpc b khip ndi trgn t h i gidi, cfic Trung tftm Lflu trfl quic gia eua Vift Nam da tr^ thftnh d)a chi quen thufc, 1ft diim din khdng thi thiiu cfic dpt nghign cflu Rigng dii vdi cfic nhft Hfi Nfi hpc, cfic phdng lflu trfl (fonds d'archives) eua Trung tfim Lflu trfl quic gia I dft trd thftnh mft nguin tu lifu tra cflu quan trpng, lfim n i n tang cho cfic de tfti nghidn cflu v i Hfi Npi thdi thufc dia (7) Dii vdi linh vi^c dia gidi vd td chiic hdnh chinh Hft Nfi thdi Phfip thufc, tfii lifu tftp trung b hai phdng tfti lifu Hfin-N6m (Nha huyfn Thp XUdng vft Nha Kinh lupc Bic K^) Dfiy 1ft hai phdng cd nhiiu tfii lifu phan finh r i n i t lich silt ddi cua tinh vft Thftnh p h i Hft Npi (bao gim ca khu vUc Bja gia va i6 chflc h6nh chtnh Tji Rf i ^goai thftnh) tfl nflm Tu Dflc thfl 28 (1875) din nflm Thfinh Thai thfl (1896) Trong s i cac phdng tfti lifu tiing Phfip, phdng Phu Thing sfl Bic KJ (fonds de la Rdsidence supdrieure au Tonkin) 1ft phing cd nhieu tfti lifu lign quan din Thftnh p h i Hfi Nfi nhfi't, ehinh vi nguon tfti lifu phong phfl vft da dang cua phdng Ngofii nhflng tfii lifu lign quan din Hft Nfi ra, ngfldi nghien cflu cdn cd t h i tim dUpc phdng nfiy nhflng tfti lifu phan finh qufi trtnh hinh thfinh vft thay dd'i ve nhiiu mfit eua xfi hfi Bie Kf sud't thdi kf tfl 1873 din 1954 Tiip dd 1ft cfic phing: Toft Die ]f Hft Npi (fonds de la Maine de Hanoi avant 1946), Toft Thi chfnh Hft Ndi (fonds de la Municipalitd de Hanoi aprds 1945), Sd Dia chfnh vft Cdng tho Hft Nfi (fonda du Service du Cadastre et des Domaines de Hanoi), Toft Cdng sfl Hfi Ddng (fonds de la Riaidence de Hadong), Sd Dia cliinh Bic Kf (fonda du Service du Cadaatre et de la Topographie du Tonkin) vfi mdt vai phdng khfie Nhflng tfti lieu vi dia gidi vd td chiic hdnh chinh Hd Ndi tai cfic phdng nfty khdng chi cung cip nhflng hiiu biet vi nhflng thay doi tren cfic Knh vUe qui hopch, hf thong cfic ddn vi hftnh chinh, ten phi, td chflc bd may hftnh chfnh mfi cdn phan finh nhflng chuyin bien afiu sic eua Hft Npi vi nhiiu phUdng difn Ve dia gidi hdnh chinh, tfii lifu cua cfic phdng nfty dUng lai trUdc chflng ta qua trinh bien doi cua Hft Nfi tfl tinh thftnh trd thftnh "Thu phu cua Bic K^', "thu d6 cua Lign bang Ddng Duong thufc Phap" cung nhu qua trtnh md rfng Thfinh pho, bao gdm ca nfi thftnh vft ngopi thftnh Vi td chac hdnh chinh, nhflng tfti lifu nfiy the hifn ro qua trtnh xfiy dUng bd mfiy cai tri Thftnh p h i Hft Ndi nhu Uy ban Thfinh vft Tda Doe \f vdi nhflng thay doi vft hoftn ehinh vi chfle nftng, cO efi'u cung nhu vifc b i nhifm nhflng ngudi dflng diu bf mfiy eai tri ^^• 4.2 PhUtfng phfip tiep can Mft diiu may doi vdi cfic nhfi Vift Nam hpc ndi chung vfi Hft Nfi hpc ndi ridng nghign cflu vi thdi kJ Cfin dai, dd 1ft tfti lifu cua cfic phdng lUu trfl thufc Sd Luu trfl vft Thu vifn Ddng Duong (1917-1954), cho dfl hifn dang dupe bao quan tai cfic Trung tfim Luu trfl quic gia b Vift Nam hay Phap, diu dupc sip xip theo mft khung phfin loai thing nhfi't, khung phfin loai mang ten Giam doc Sd LUu trfl vft ThU vifn Ddng DuOng vft 1ft ngudi khai sinh nd: Paul Boudet (8) Vi nguygn tic, tfti lieu dUpc sip xep theo hf thing cfic sdrie (dupe hieu la di muc), m6i sine dupc bilu thi bing mot chfl cfii, moi chfl cfii biiu thi mot vfi'n dl Thf du sine A bieu thi cho eac van ban chung (Actes officiels), dd sip xip tfi't ca cfic vfln ban cfic quan chflc cua chfnh quygn thudc dia cfic cfi'p ban hftnh NhiJng vftn ban nfty dflpc lam nhieu ban, mft ban di dfing tren cfic fi'n phim dinh kf nhU dfi di cfip b phin tren, cfic ban khfic dUpc gfli eho cfic cd quan ed lien quan edn ban gic cd chfl k;^ vft eon dfi'u cfla tfic gii se lUu tai sdrie A Chfnh vi vfiy, ngudi nghien cflu vfla cd t h i tiip cfin dupe ban goc tai s^rie A, vfla c6 thi tiip cfin cfic ban efie phdng luu trfl vfi ndi dung cua nhflng vfin ban nfiy tren cficfi'nphim dinh kf Moi adrie (tfl A din Z) diu dflpc chia lfim cac aous-sdrie (tieu di muc) theo hf thing thfip phfin Thi du, sine D: t i chflc hfinh chfnh chung (Administration gdnirale) dupc ehia lftm 10 vin de tfl D.O den D.9, sau dd moi vfi'n d i lai chia lftm 10 vfi'n de nhd hdn Thi du: D.3 lfi To chflc Bghian eihi Ljch sJr stf 3.2012 hfinh chfnh dia phUdng (Organisation dea Administrations locales); D.34 1ft Xfic djnh gidi hpn Iftnh t h i eac tinh vft thftnh Ifp cfic tinh (Ddlimitation territoriale des provinces et criation des provinces); D.341: Bic Kf (Tonkin) Chung ta tiip cfn dUpc tfti lifu vi vfi'n d i dia gidi hftnh chfnh eua Hft Nfi tpi D.341 Trong qufi trinh tiip cfn tu lifu ndi chung, dfic bift d6i vdi cfic vftn ban cd tfnh phfip quy nhu Lfnh, Sic lfnh (khdng chi ridng dii vdi vfifli di dia gidi vd td chiic hdnh chinh Hd N0i), ein nim rd xufi't xfl vft btfi c i n h ddi eua nhflng vfin ban nfiy Diiu dd rfi't quan trpng bdi nd cd tfnh chfi't quyit dinh dl ngudi nghign cflu dUa mft nhfin dinh hofic mft kit lufin chfnh xae hdng khdng dflpc thu thfp, chinh \f, bao quan tit Trong dd, nhflng vfin ban ed tfnh phfip quy cua chfnh quyin thufc dia cfic cfi'p, k l tfl nhflng ngfty diu tidn Phap dfinh chiim Nam K^^ lyc tinh dudi thdi cua cfic Do die vft Thd'ng die b Nam Kf mft cfic nhft nghifin cflu quen gpi 1ft "thdi kJ cai trj cua cfic vS quan", sau ban hftnh da dupe dfing trin Cdng bfio Nam Kf thufc Phfip, sau nfty cdn dupc dflng trin nhiiu lopi cdng bfio khfic mfi chflng ta dft tflng tiip cfn Cd thi ndi ring, hf thing cac vfin ban phfip quy cua chfnh quyin thufc dia dUOng thdi rfii't hoftn chinh, chi cd tfti lifu lflu trfl mdi cd nguy CO bi thiiu ving raft thdi Si^ ein thiit eua vifc cin nim rd xudt xd vd bdi cdnh ddi ciaa nguin tu lifu tra Chflng ta biit ring, mai cho den nftm cflu nhim dua mft nhfin d)nh hofc mft 1917, bing Nghi dinh ngfty 29-11-1917 cua kit lufin chinh xac nghien cflu dupe Tofin quyen Ddng DUOng Albert Sarraut, chflng minh ro n h i t vfin di xfic dinh Sd Luu trfl vft Thu vifn Ddng DUOng mdi ngfiy thfinh Ifp TrUdng Dai hpc Ddng dupc thfinh Ifp (9) Vft mot nflm sau, hf Duong Theo tfti lifu cua phdng Phu Tofin Ddng DUdng (Fonds du thong t i chflc cflng nhflng nguydn tic fip quyin dung cho tfti lifu luu trfl d Ddng Dudng mdi Gouvernement giniral de I'lndochine dupc xfic dinh Nghi dinh ngfiy 26-12- 1868-1945) hifn dang dUpe bao quan tpi 19^8 cua Albert Sarraut Theo tinh t h i n hai Trung tfim Lifu trfl Qu6c gia d Hfi Nfi cua nghi dinh nfty, nhiing tfti lifu diu vft b Phfip, vfi theo nhiing vfin ban ci tfnh tign dfi dupe dUa tfl Phu Thing die Nam phfip quy cua chfnh quyin thufc dia dflpc Kf tftp trung tpi Kho Lflu trfl Trung dftng trgn Cing bfio Ddng DUdng thufc Udng vfto ngfty 13-6-1919 (10) Dilu dd cd Phfip tfl 1906 din 1964, Trudng Dai hpc nghia ring, nhflng tfti lifu dupc san sinh Ddng Dudng dupc thfinh Ifp bdi Ngh| djnh -fl trudc nfim 1919 cd t h i dupc tfip trung tpi s i 1514a ngfiy 16/5/1906 cua Paul Beau, Kho Luu trfl cua Ddng DUdng vidn Toftn quyin thfl 13 cua Phfip b Ddng theo Nghi dinh ngfty 26-12-1918 (11) vft Duong Tfii lifu luu trfl chflng minh ring, cung ed t h i bj thfi't lac trUdc dd, thdi sfl thftnh Ifp Dpi hpc Ddng Duong 1ft kit diem dd trgn toftn Dong DUdng chua cd mft qua eua mdt qufi trinh vfin dfng logic CO quan Luu trfl thi^c thy vdi nhflng ngfldi lich sfl, b i t diu bing vifc thftnh Ifp Sd Hoc lftm cing tac lflu trfl chuySn nghifp vfi mft chfnh, mpt t i chflc "chiu trdeh nhiim dua phuong phfip t i chflc tfii lifu khoa hpc Vft mgt sU xung ddng todn thi vi stf nghiip ca thdi gian sau cfic Kho Lflu trfl gido due todn xii Ddng Diidn^ Ddng Duong dUpe thftnh Iftp, tfti lifu lUu Gourdon lftm Tong Gifim die V i m^t phfip trfl vin c6 t h i bi t h i t lac, bi mfi't mat, bi hfl 1^, Trfldng dupc thftnh Ifip t r i n cd sd cua Bla glQi vt t6 ehijre h6nh ehlnh fjii RQl Nghi dinh ngfiy 8-3-1906 ve Wfc thftnh Ifip Hdi dong Hofin thifn nin giao due ban xfl (Conseil de Perfectionnement de I'Enseignement indiggne) vdi mft nhflng nhifm vy d$c bift 1ft "nghiin ciht nhiing diiu kiin di thdnh ldp vd hogt ddng cHa mot tnidng dgi hgc gSm cdc mdn gidng day d bgc dgi hpc ddnh cho ngUdi bdn xii vd ngiidi ch&u A" (12) Dai hpc Ddng Duong, trung tfim giao due dpi hpc theo md hinh hifn dpi nhfi't Iflc dd, cd kit hop gifla dfto tao vft nghidn cflu khoa hpe chfnh 1ft kit qua ldn nhfi't cua cufc cai cfieh gifio due lin thfl nhfi't d Ddng Dudng Paul Beau khdi xUdng TrUdng dUpc dupc hdi sinh sau 10 nfim ngflng hopt ddng (do hoftn canh lich sfl tfft khdng bing mft vfin ban phfip ly nfio), chUdng trtnh cai cfich gifio due lin thfl hai eua Albert Sarraut, Tofin quyen thfl 23 cua Phfip b Ddng DUdng vdi bf "Hpc ehinh tong quy" (Reglement gfindral de rinstruction pubUque) Qufi trtnh ddi va hoat ddng cua TrUdng Dai hpc Ddng DUdng Cling hf thong cfic trUdng thftnh vidn tfl 1906 din 1964 diu dupe t h i hifn rd ndt nguon tU lifu tra eflu vdi du df tin cfiy tai hai Trung tfim Luu trfl Quoc gia b Hft Npi vft b Phfip Neu khdng nghien cflu ky xudt xa vd bdl cdnh ddi eua nguon tu lifu tra cflu ndi trdn, chflng ta d§ di din ngf nhfin dang tiic vi aU kifn cd tim quan trpng lieh sfl giao due bfic dpi hpc Ddng Duong ndi chimg vft b Vift Nam ndi rieng 4.3 N h i ^ g v a n de can n g h i i n cuTu - Ve dia gidi ndi chung, ngofii a i it nhflng cdng trtnh nghidn cflu da dflpc lift kg b phin trgn, b nUdc ta hifn edn r i t thieu nhflng sach tra cflu nhfl cfic loai tfl diin dia danh, tfl diln cfic ddn vi hfinh chfnh, mft phin chflng ta, edn thiiu nhflng ehuyen gia v i dia ly hpe lich sfl vft phin khac tfti lifu lflu trfl chua dUpc khai 41 thfic trift dl Chfnh vi vfiy, ngudi nghidn eflu da phai mfi't rfi't nhiiu cdng phu tra cflu, xfic minh gfip mft dia danh hofc mft dOn vj hftnh chfnh, vfi khdng ft trUdng hpp da phpm phai aai lim Hfi Npi cflng khdng nim ngofti tinh trang chung dd Mdi dfiy, nhfin dip ky nifm 1000 nfim Thfing Long • Hfl Nfi, khudn k h i cua Tu sfich "Thdng Long ngdn ndm vdn hiin", chung ta da cd cuin "7^ dien dudng phd'Hd Ngi" TS, Nguyin Viet Chflc chu bien Dfiy 1ft cuon tfl diln dia danh diu tidn vi Hft Npi suit thdi kf lich sfl, dupc bidn sopn trgn cO sd cua tfti lifu luu trfl cd kit hpp diiu tra, khao sat thUe dia vdi efie trfch lyc bin cy thi cua tflng dudng p h i Hft Npi; ed thdng tin diy du cac thdng so ky thuftt tflng dudng phicu thi; gidi thifu mpt ao cdng vien, quang trUdng tidu bilu; tilu sfl cac danh nhan 1ft ten cua cac dudng, p h i cdng vien, quang trUdng va vi vfiy, cuin sach da trd thftnh cdng cy tra cflu hflu ich cho khdng chi efie nhft Hfi Ndi hpc mft edn ein thiet cho tfi't ca nhflng ngUdi ydu Hft Ndi Trong tUdng lai, Hft Npi khong ehi cin din r i t nhiiu nhflng loai afich tra cflu nhU cuin "Tii diin diidng phd Hd Ndi" ma cdn cin din nhflng cdng trinh nghidn eflu khfie, thf dy nhu ve qufi trinh hinh thfinh vft md rpng thftnh Hft Nfi, dd cfi qufi trinh hinh thftnh khu ngoai d Hfi Npi tfl huyfn Hofin Long nfim 1899, din Dai \f dfic biet cua Hfi Nfi (Ddldgation spgciale de Hanoi) nfim 1943 Vi td chiic hdnh chinh, ngofti mft so bfti viit vft cfic loai sfich chuyen khao vi duyen cfich hftnh chinh ra, Hft Ndi cdn rft't ein din eac cdng trinh nghidn cflu b tim vi md vi vifc xfiy di^ng bp mfiy cai tri Thfinh p h i Hfi Nfi dflng diu 1ft l)y ban Thftnh p h i vft Tda Die \f vdi nhiing thay dd'i vft hoftn chinh vi chflc nfing, cd cfi'u qua tflng thdi Rghian eihi Lteh sil" stf 3.2012 kf Hch afl eflng vai trd cua nd dSi vdi si; phfit triln vi mpi m$t cua Thftnh phi; hay hf thing chfin r i t cua nd b cfi'p dudi nhu khu p h i vdi cfic P h i trUdng cflng chfnh sfich dfii ngf vft c h i df tuyin dyng Tfti lifu luu trfl ehl ring, hf thing cai trj cua Thftnh p h i chi thUe sfl tin tpi b cfi'p Thfinh phi, tflc 1ft Uy ban Thftnh p h i vft Tda D6c \f, nhflng cfic t i chflc nfty khdng t h i "vdi tay" xuing tfn cfic khu p h i mft b nhiJng noi nfty, le thdi vft tfp tyc cua ngUdi Vift khdng h i thay dd'i (phdp vua thua If lftng) aong cho din nay, chung ta vin cdn thiiu nhflng edng trinh nghien eflu vi vin d i nfty Hay vi nhflng thay dd'i cua bf mfiy hftnh chfnh cua Phfip b Hfi Nfi thdi tpm chiim (tfl nftm d i n 1954) vfi sU x u i t h i f n cua Hfi ding An dfin r i i Th) chfnh uy hfi hSn hpp Vift-Phfip vfi Tda Thi chfnh Dfiy 1ft nhflng vfi'n d l dUpe phan finh rfi't rd tfti lifu lUu trfl nhung hiu nhu ehUa dupe cfic nhfi nghien eflu vi Hft Nfi chfl f Vdi kh^i lupng tUOng dii ldn tfti lifu lUu trfl vi Hft Nfi dang dUpc bao quan tpi cfic Trung tfim LUu trfl Quic gia cl Vift Nam vft d nUdc ngofti, hy vpng mft tUdng lai khdng xa, cfic nhfi Hft Nfi hpc sg cho ddi nhflng edng trinh dfic bift vi Hft Nfi, gdp p h i n lftm cho Hft Nfi ngfty cftng phfit triln manh m§, xflng dfing 1ft ndi hfi ty, k i t tinh vft tda sfing cfic gifi tr) vfin hda ciia cfic vflng miin ca nUde CHU THiCH (1) Bfli Quang Tung "Pour une meilleure conservation des Archives vietnamiennes" FranceAeie, n" 109-110, juin-juillet, 1955, p 742 khfic (sfich, bfio, cfic &n ph£m dinh ky ) vfi (2) Tfti lifu cua fonds nAy da dU0c chuydn v6 Trung tfim Lifu triJ Hai ngo^i (Centre dea Archives d'Outre • Mer) Aix en Provence theo Thoa udc k^ kit giaa Bao D^i vfi d^i difn Chinh phu Phfip U Lfen Pignon ngfiy 15-6-1950 cua Dong DUdng (3) Andr6 Maason: LOu trfl vifin C i ti^, t i t nghifp tflii TrUcing C i ty hpc Qu6c gia (ficole Nationale des Chartes) , thdi dilm xufi't ban cuin sfich (1929) dang lfim vi?c t^i Sfl Luu trfl vfi Thu vi?n D6ng DUdng (Direction des Archives et de 3ibliothfique de I'lndochine) vdi chijrc danh lfi Lifu trfl-Thu vifn vi6n h?ng nhtft (ArchiviateBiblioth6caire de 1*" claase), Tong Thanh Ira vi Thu vi§n vfi Gifim d3c khu nhfi D6ng Difdng cua Ddng Dudng Hpc xfi lit 1945 din 1950 tfii lifu llfu trd (6) Thcli dilm dfi day lfi hai thfinh phtf ctfp