Một số đặc điểm thi pháp kịch tagore

I HC QUC GIA H NI TRNG I HC KHOA HC X HI V NHN VN NGUYN PHNG LIấN MộT Số ĐặC ĐIểM THI PHáP KịCH TAGORE Chuyờn ngnh: Lớ lun hc Mó s: 62 22 32 01 LUN N TIN S VN HC H Ni - 2014 MC LC M U CHNG TNG QUAN V VN NGHIấN CU 11 1.1 Khỏi quỏt v tỡnh hỡnh nghiờn cu thi phỏp hc v thi phỏp kch n 11 1.1.1 Hon thin cỏc khỏi nim thi phỏp c in 12 1.1.2 p dng thi phỏp c in kho sỏt tỏc phm v cỏc giai on ca hc s 13 1.1.3 So sỏnh vi cỏc cụng trỡnh thi phỏp hc ca phng Tõy 14 1.2 Khỏi quỏt v cỏc khỏi nim cn bn thi phỏp kch n c in .16 1.2.1 Khỏi nim Rasa 17 1.2.2 Khỏi nim Dhvani 21 1.2.3 Khỏi nim Alankara 23 1.3 Khỏi quỏt v quỏ trỡnh nghiờn cu s nghip hc ca Tagore 25 1.3.1 Nghiờn cu v Tagore n v trờn th gii 27 1.3.2 Nghiờn cu v Tagore Vit Nam 31 1.3.3 Nghiờn cu kch Tagore 35 Tiu kt 37 CHNG DHVANI TRONG TI V CH - T TNG KCH TAGORE 39 2.1 Khỏi nim Dhvani v quan nim ca Tagore v Dhvani 39 2.1.1 Mt s c im c bn ca khỏi nim Dhvani .40 2.1.2 Quan nim ca Tagore v Dhvani 43 2.2 Dhvani cỏc kiu loi ti kch Tagore 47 2.2.1 Tụn giỏo 48 2.2.2 Vn hc s v lch s .51 2.2.3 Tỡnh yờu 54 2.2.4 i sng sinh hot thng nht .58 2.2.5 Trit hc 60 2.2.6 T nhiờn 62 2.2.7 Ngh thut v cỏi p .64 2.3 Dhvani cỏc kiu loi ch - t tng kch Tagore 65 2.3.1 Ca ngi v p cuc i trn th 66 2.3.2 Khng nh chõn lý 69 2.3.3 Tụn vinh phm cht tt p 70 2.3.4 Phờ phỏn thúi h tt xu 72 2.3.5 Khỏt vng ci to thc ti .74 2.3.6 u tranh gia bn phn v tỡnh cm .76 Tiu kt 77 CHNG RASA TRONG H THNG NHN VT V TèNH HUNG TO NấN XUNG T KCH TAGORE 78 3.1 Khỏi nim Rasa v quan nim ca Tagore v Rasa .78 3.1.1 Mt s c im c bn ca khỏi nim Rasa 78 3.1.2 Quan nim ca Tagore v Rasa 82 3.2 Rasa cỏc kiu nhõn vt ca kch Tagore .85 3.2.1 Nhõn vt nam gii 91 3.2.2 Nhõn vt ph n .96 3.2.3 Nhõn vt tr em 97 3.3 Rasa cỏc kiu tỡnh to nờn xung t kch Tagore 102 3.3.1 Tỡnh to nờn xung t mi hỡnh thc kch 102 3.3.2 Tỡnh to nờn xung t cỏc kiu kch bn 108 Tiu kt 116 CHNG ALANKARA TRONG NGễN NG KCH TAGORE .117 4.1 Khỏi nim Alankara v quan nim ca Tagore v Alankara 117 4.1.1 Mt s c im c bn ca khỏi nim Alankara 117 4.1.2 Quan nim ca Tagore v Alankara .121 4.2 Alankara ngụn ng nhõn vt 124 4.2.1 Ngụn ng ca nhõn vt nam gii 125 4.2.2 Ngụn ng ca nhõn vt ph n 129 4.2.3 Ngụn ng ca nhõn vt tr em 131 4.3 Alankara ngụn ng tỏc gi 137 4.3.1 Ngụn ng tỏc gi vai trũ ngi k chuyn 138 4.3.2 Ngụn ng tỏc gi li t 141 4.4 Alankara th kch bn Tagore 143 4.4.1 Alankara kch bn vn 144 4.4.2 Alankara th kch bn xuụi 147 Tiu kt 151 KT LUN 152 DANH MC CễNG TRèNH KHOA HC LIấN QUAN N LUN N 156 TH MC TI LIU THAM KHO CHNH 157 PH LC .168 LI CAM OAN Tụi xin cam oan õy l cụng trỡnh nghiờn cu ca riờng tụi Cỏc s liu, kt qu lun ỏn l trung thc v cha tng c cụng b bt k cụng trỡnh no khỏc Tỏc gi lun ỏn Nguyn Phng Liờn M U Tớnh cp thit ca ti Vi 52 th, khong 12 tiu thuyt, trờn 100 truyn ngn, khong 60 v kch, hn 20 co lun, rt nhiu th t, t truyn v cỏc bi ca Tagore ó li mt s nghip hc s bờn cnh nhng tỏc phm thuc v cỏc ngnh ngh thut khỏc nh hi ha, õm nhc Gii Nobel hc 1913 cho th Gitanjali (Th Dõng) thc s úng vai trũ l mc ỏnh du thi im Tagore tr thnh nh ni ting trờn khp th gii, c bit l i vi n phng Tõy Cũn trc ú, i vi ngi dõn x Bengal, Tagore ó c gi l mt tri th ca Khng nh tm vúc ca Tagore, nh nghiờn cu Varyam Singh vit: ễng l quỏ kh ca ca hoỏ chỳng tụi, l hin ti v nguyờn mu cho th ca [149,tr.437] Qu tht, ging nh mt i dng vi rng mờnh mang ca ti nng v chiu sõu thm thm ca t tng, s v i ca Tagore luụn lm cho ngi ng trc ụng cm thy mỡnh nh V cng nh i dng, y n i vi ngi, sỏng tỏc ca Tagore l ngun ti, ngun cm hng bt tn i vi cỏc nh nghiờn cu Cha mt nh nghiờn cu no sc bao quỏt ht s nghip chng ca Tagore, m ch cú th nghiờn cu mt b phn c s nghip chng s y Vỡ th, cho dự ó cú khụng ớt nhng cụng trỡnh, chuyờn kho nghiờn cu v Tagore c bờn ln bờn ngoi quờ hng ụng, cũn rt nhiu vựng t th gii chng m Tagore to nờn dnh cho nhng ngi k tip Cho n nay, gii nghiờn cu hc n nc ta cha cú mt cụng trỡnh hay chuyờn kho no tỡm hiu mt cỏch tht s cn k v cú h thng v kch ca Tagore, c bit l v phng din thi phỏp Mc dự kch ca Tagore l mt mng sỏng tỏc khỏ c bit tớch hp c nhng mang tớnh hn lõm ca thi phỏp c in n ng thi li cú c nhng tinh hoa ca sõn khu phng Tõy, hin chỳng ta mi dch c 08/60 v kch ca Tagore (chỳng tụi cú túm tt 52 v cũn li Ph lc 5) v s lng cỏc v kch ó c cụng chỳng bit n mi ch khong 10 tỏc phm Nu nh th ca Tagore chỡm sõu vo t duy, trit lý v ngh thut tng trng cũn xuụi tỏi hin cuc sng vi bn b cht hin thc thỡ kch li hũa hp c tt c nhng tớnh cht y Khụng nhng th, kch cũn l phng thc sỏng tỏc trung tinh hoa ca cỏc b mụn ngh thut khỏc nhau, ú sõn khu tr thnh ni thớch hp Tagore bc l ti nng ngh thut a dng Vy m thi phỏp kch ca Tagore l cũn ớt c bn ti Vit Nam Hn na, trờn th gii hin nay, khuynh hng nghiờn cu hc phng ụng da trờn m hc phng ụng ang ngy cng c cao vỡ cú c cỏi nhỡn ton din hn, phong phỳ hn Chỳng tụi la chn nghiờn cu s nghip hc ca Tagore theo hng ny cng cú c nhng kt qu tin cy, nhm gúp phn thit thc vo cụng vic nghiờn cu v ging dy v Tagore Vit Nam Mc ớch v nhim v nghiờn cu Lun ỏn i sõu nghiờn cu nhng tớnh cht c trng kch ca Tagore bng cỏch ỏp dng nhng khỏi nim cn bn nht ca thi phỏp n c in T ú cú th hiu k hn v R.Tagore, mt ti nng chng ó thnh cụng nhiu th loi khỏc ca hc ngh thut, ng thi chng minh c tớnh hiu qu ca h thng thi phỏp n , mt b phn c sc v cú giỏ tr cao ca m hc phng ụng t c mc ớch trờn, nhim v ca lun ỏn l phõn tớch cỏc tỏc phm kch ca Tagore, phõn loi v ch nhng th phỏp khỏc m Tagore dng phng thc sỏng tỏc ny di gúc nhỡn ca thi phỏp n T ú thy c tớnh a dng ti nng v nhng tin b nhõn sinh quan, th gii quan cng nh tm vúc t tng ca Tagore Phm vi nghiờn cu Lun ỏn ca chỳng tụi kho sỏt, nghiờn cu v mt s c im thi phỏp ca khong 60 v kch ca Tagore, cỏc v kch ny ó c chỳng tụi lit kờ Ph lc (theo thi gian sỏng tỏc) Cng phi núi thờm rng, v kch u tiờn Tagore ó sỏng tỏc l v Prithviraj Parajaya vo nm ụng 12 tui, nhng kch bn v ny ó b tht lc nờn chỳng tụi khụng a vo phm vi nghiờn cu ca lun ỏn Mt s v kch cú chỳt ớt thay i a cụng din hay dch sang ting Anh, hay cú thờm tờn khỏc bng ting Bengali, chỳng tụi cú nờu c hai tờn gi v tớnh l mt tỏc phm Truyn ngn Dalia ca Tagore cng c George Calderon kch húa v trỡnh din trờn sõn khu ca Royal Albert Hall Cambridge vo nm 1912 cho mng s cú mt ca ụng, chỳng tụi khụng tớnh m s tỏc phm kch ca Tagore Bờn cnh nhng v kch c chớnh Tagore chuyn ng t ting Bengali hoc Hindi sang ting Anh (m quỏ trỡnh chuyn ng, cú ụi chỳt thay i) thỡ riờng v PhalguniValmiki Pratibha c nh vit li hai ln nờn hin n chia thnh hai phiờn bn, õy chỳng tụi s dng c hai phiờn bn v coi nh mt tỏc phm Riờng trng hp v kch Sanyasi (1917), c nh da trờn v Prakriti Pratisodh (1883), nhng quỏ trỡnh chnh sa v chuyn ng sang ting Anh in New York, v kch ó c thay i rt nhiu v cu trỳc, h thng nhõn vt nờn chỳng tụi tuõn theo la chn ca ngi n hin nay, coi ú l hai tỏc phm riờng bit Chỳng tụi ỏp dng ba khỏi nim c bn ca thi phỏp n c in l Dhvani, Rasa v Alankara lm nn tng cn bn kho sỏt cỏc v kch ca Tagore Phng phỏp nghiờn cu Phng phỏp ch yu nht c chỳng tụi s dng lun ỏn l phng phỏp tip cn thi phỏp hc Bờn cnh ú, chỳng tụi s dng phng phỏp loi hỡnh, phng phỏp tiu s, phng phỏp liờn ngnh, phng phỏp húa hc, phng phỏp nghiờn cu trng hp thng kờ, kho sỏt, so sỏnh, i chiu a nhng lý gii v kt lun v c trng thi phỏp kch Tagore Trong so sỏnh v i chiu, chỳng tụi cú a mt vi kiu phõn loi kch Tagore da trờn mt s tiờu nht nh Nhng kiu phõn loi ny phc v tng mc ớch c th tng phn vic ca chỳng tụi nờn ch mang tớnh tng i Cỏc phng phỏp u c ỏp dng vo cỏc chun mc lý lun thi phỏp c in ca n xem xột nghiờn cu kch Tagore i tng nghiờn cu Lun ỏn nghiờn cu 60 v kch v cỏc tiu lun, bi phỏt biu ca Tagore (Ph lc 1) ng thi liờn h vi cỏc truyn ngn, tiu thuyt v cỏc bi th ca ụng Vn bn tỏc phm bng ting Anh v ting Bengali c in cỏc cun My boyhood days; Collected Poems and Plays; The Crown, King and Rebel; Plays, The Stories; Religion Three of Plays , Man; v English c ng Writtings: ti trờn trang www.Tagoreweb.in, cũn cỏc tiu lun c hp cun The Sky of Indian Histrory- Themes and Thoughts of Rabindranath Tagore S J Stephen tuyn chn v gii thiu Vn bn ting Vit c ly cun R Tagore, tuyn tỏc phm Lu c Trung tuyn chn v i chiu vi hai th R Tagore, Trng non Phm Hng Dung, Phm Bớch Thy dch; R Tagore, Tuyn th o Xuõn Quý tuyn chn úng gúp ca lun ỏn õy l cụng trỡnh u tiờn Vit Nam nghiờn cu v thi phỏp kch ca Tagore, kho sỏt khong 60 v kch ca Tagore (bao gm c nhng tỏc phm ó c chớnh bn thõn Tagore hoc ngi khỏc dch sang ting Anh cng nh cỏc tỏc phm hin ang c xut bn n bng ting Beganli v ting Hindi), phõn loi v h thng húa mng sỏng tỏc ny ca Tagore theo ch , ti cng nh kho sỏt c trng ca cỏc kiu nhõn vt, tỡnh kch v ngụn ng kch Tagore Lun ỏn l cụng trỡnh m chỳng tụi ó ỏp dng nhng khỏi nim cn bn nht ca thi phỏp n c in v cú i chiu, so sỏnh vi thi phỏp kch phng Tõy c i khỏm phỏ c nhng giỏ tr ca kch Tagore, thy s a dng, ton din sỏng tỏc ó lm nờn tờn tui ca mt thiờn ti hc ngh thut khụng ch ca n m cũn ca phng ụng v th gii ng thi cng gúp phn chng minh tớnh hp lý, hu hiu ca thi phỏp n c in vic s dng nh mt cụng c nghiờn cu hc n núi riờng v phng ụng núi chung Lun ỏn gúp phn b sung thờm ngun ti 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