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GIÁO ÁN CHUYÊN ĐỀ MÔN TIẾNG ANH 2016 TABLE OF CONTENTS – NỘI DUNG MỤC 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 TÊN CHUYÊN ĐỀ CHUYÊN ĐỀ I PHONETICS TÊN BÀI Bài Phonetic Symbols Bài Stress &Rules to mark stress Bài Nouns Bài Verbs Bài Adjectives CHUYÊN ĐỀ II Bài Adverbs WORD-CLASSES Bài Articles Bài Prepositions Bài Synonym & Antonym Bài Sentence Elements Bài Tenses of Verbs Bài Emphasis CHUYÊN ĐỀ III Bài Gerunds GRAMMAR Bài Infinitives Bài The Passive Voice Bài Indirect Speech Bài Subjunctives Bài Phrases vs Clauses Bài Conditional Sentences CHUYÊN ĐỀ IV Bài Relative Clauses PHRASES VS Bài Phrases & Clauses of Purpose CLAUSES Bài Phrases & Clauses of Concession Bài Phrases & Clauses of Reason Bài Clauses of Causes and Effects Bài Adverbial Clauses of Time Bài Communicative Exchanges CHUYÊN ĐỀ V Bài Sentences Transformation WRITING SKILLS Bài Paragraph Organizing KEYS TO EXERCISES Đáp án tập thực hành TRANG 13 28 51 81 105 119 128 136 145 160 178 183 193 200 212 228 234 241 256 267 272 279 286 290 300 308 316 326 LẬP THẠCH, THÁNG NĂM 2015 BAN CHUYÊN MÔN DUYỆT TỔ CHUYÊN MÔN DUYỆT GIÁO VIÊN SOẠN GIẢNG ĐỖ VĂN BÌNH page LIEN SON HIGH SCHOOL – ENGLISH GROUP – All rights reserved! 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GIÁO ÁN CHUYÊN ĐỀ MÔN TIẾNG ANH 2016 CÁC CHUYÊN ĐỀ ÔN THI THPT QUỐC GIA VÀ BÀI TẬP THỰC HÀNH CHUYÊN ĐỀ I – PHONETICS - CHUYÊN ĐỀ VỀ NGỮ ÂM Chuyên đề cung cấp kí hiệu phiên âm quốc tế nguyên âm (đơn, đôi, ba), phụ âm (vô thanh, hữu thanh), số chum phụ âm, đặc biệt tuyển tập tập thực hành hữu ích Trong chuyên đề này, kí hiệu phiên âm quốc tế sử dụng theo mẫu kí hiệu phiên âm quốc tế theo sách giáo khoa Tiếng Anh lớp 10, 11, 12 Nhà Xuất Bản Giáo Dục năm 2006 Phần phiên âm từ vị trí trọng âm thực thông qua việc tham khảo từ điển on-line MultiDictionary 9.0, Oxford Collocations Dictionary, hay Cambridge Dictionary, … BÀI PHONETIC SYMBOLS - BẢNG PHIÊN ÂM QUỐC TẾ The symbols vowel sounds (Các kí hiệu phiên âm nguyên âm): 1.1 The symbols of pure vowel sounds (Các kí hiệu phiên âm nguyên âm đơn): Symbols In of the letters Examples in words sounds (Chữ (Ví dụ cụ thể từ) (Kí hiệu) thể hiện) /І/ a village /’vilidʒ/ package /’pækidʒ/ assemblage /ә’semblidʒ/ or e pretty /’priti/ represent deliver /di’livә(r)/ /i/ i sit /sit/ little /’litl/ simple /’simpl/ y happy /’hæpi/ easy /’i:zi/ usually /’ju:ʊli/ / i: / ea lead /li:d/ seaside /’si:said/ meaningful /’mi:niŋfʊl/ ee meet /mi:t/ sheep /ʃi:p/ steel /sti:l/ a many /’meni/ any/eni/ manifold /’menifәʊld/ /e/ e send /send/ recommend comprehend /kәmpri’hend/ ea head /hed/ spread /spred/ headache /‘hedeik/ /æ/ a land /lænd/ brandy /’brændi/ sandy /’sændi/ /ɔ/ o pot /pɔt / spot /spɔt / slot /slɔt / a wash /wɔʃ / what /wɔt / watch /wɔtʃ/ a talk /tɔ:k/ walk /wɔ:k/ water /’wɔ:tә(r)/ aw saw /sɔ:/ lawn /lɔ:n/ pawn /pɔ:n/ / ɔ: / oa broad /brɔ:d/ broaden/’brɔ:dn/ abroad /ә’brɔ:d/ oo door /dɔ:(r)/ floor /flɔ:(r)/ floorage /’flɔ:ridʒ/ or fork /fɔ:k/ sport /spɔ:t/ transport /’trænspɔ:t/ ou fought /fɔ:t/ thought /θɔ:t/ bought /bɔ:t/ o some /sm/ come /km/ done /dn/ // u shut /ʃt/ muddy /’mdi/ budget /’bdʒit/ oo blood /bld/ flood /fld/ bloodless /bldlis/ ou tough /tf/ enough /i’nf/ rough /rf/ a task /ta:sk/ fast /fa:stk/ broadcast /br ɔ:d’ka:st/ / ɑ: / ar card /ka:d/ retard /ri’ta:d/ farther /’fa:әr/ ear heart /ha:t/ hearten /’ha:tәn/ hearth /ha:θ/ /ʊ/ u pull /pʊl/ push /pʊʃ/ pullet /’pʊlet/ or oo good /gʊd/ cook /kʊk/ look /lʊk/ /u/ ou could /kʊld/ would /wʊld/ should /ʃʊld/ u frugal /’fru:gәl/ conclude /kɔn’klu:d/ illusion /i’lu:ʃn/ / u: / oe shoe /ʃu: / shoebill /’ʃu:bil/ shoemaker /’ʃu:meikәr/ page LIEN SON HIGH SCHOOL – ENGLISH GROUP – All rights reserved! 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GIÁO ÁN CHUYÊN ĐỀ MÔN TIẾNG ANH 2016 /ә/ / з: / oo ui a o er or er ir ur or ear moon /mu:n/ fruit /fru:t/ await /ә’weit/ tonight /tә’nait/ reader /’ri:dәr/ actor /’æktәr/ prefer /pri’fз: r/ shirt /ʃз:t/ hurt /hз:t/ word /wз:d/ heard /hз:d/ spoon /spu:n/ cruise /kru:s/ about /ә’baut/ potato /pә’teitәu/ writer /’raitәr/ doctor /’dɔktәr/ merchant /’mз:tʃәnt/ skirt /skз:t/ further /’ʃз:ә/ work /wз:k/ earth /з:θ/ smooth /smu:θ/ recruit /ri’kru:t/ machine /mә’ʃi:n/ tomorrow /tә’mɔrәʊ/ cruiser /’kru:sәr/ translator /’trænsleitәr/ merciful /’mз:sifʊl/ first /fз:st/ furnish /’ʃз:niʃ/ worm /wз:m/ earthen /’з:θәn/ The diphthongs and triphthongs (Các kí hiệu phiên âm nguyên đôi, ba): Symbols In of the letters Examples in words sounds (Chữ (Ví dụ cụ thể từ) (Kí hiệu) thể hiện) a case /keis/ baby /beibi/ lazy /leizi/ / ei / maid /meid/ maiden /’meidn/ maidenly /’meidnli/ ay say /sei/ clay /klei/ play /plei/ ei eight eighthly /’eiθli/ eiranic /ei’rænik/ / / i kite /kait/ night /nait/ mine /main/ y sky /skai/ fly /flai/ satisfy /’sætisfai/ / ɔi / oi soil /sɔil/ coin /kɔin/ spoil /spɔil/ oy employ /im’plɔi/ enjoy /ii’dʒɔi/ employment /im’plɔimnt/ / aʊ / ou mouse /maʊs/ mouth /maʊθ/ surround /sз:’raʊnd/ ow now /naʊ/ power /’paʊ әr/ cowboy /’kaʊ bɔi/ o cold /kәʊld/ scold /skәʊld/ fold /fәʊld/ / әʊ / ow slow /slәʊ/ flow /flәʊ/ show /ʃәʊ/ ew sew /sәʊ/ sewing /sәʊiŋ/ sewn /sәʊn/ / iә / ear hear /hiә(r)/ fear /fiә(r)/ near /niә(r)/ ere here /hiә(r)/ merely /’miәli/ atmosphere /’ætmɔsfiә(r)/ ere therapy /’θeәrәpi/ thereabout /’eәrәbaʊt/ there /eә(r)/ / eә / are fare /feә(r)/ share /ʃeә(r)/ stare /steә(r)/ air hair /heә(r)/ fair /feә(r)/ stairs /steә(r)s/ / ʊә / our tour /tʊә(r)/ tourer /tʊәrә/ tourism /’tʊәrizm/ ire tire /taiә/ fire /faiә/ firemen /’faiәmen/ / aiә / yre tyre /taiә/ tyreles /’taiәlis/ tyre-pump /’taiә pmp/ yer buyer /baiә/ flyer /flaiә/ buyer /baiә/ / әʊә / ower slower /slәʊә/ slower /slәʊә/ slower /slәʊә/ / aʊә / ower shower /ʃaʊә/ power /paʊә/ flower /flaʊә/ our flour /flaʊә/ sour /saʊә/ flour /flaʊә/ / eiә / ayer prayer /preiә/ player /pleiә/ sprayer /spreiә/ eyer greyer /greiә/ greyer /greiә/ greyer /greiә/ / ɔiә / oyer enjoyer /in’dʒɔiә/ enjoyer /in’dʒɔiә/ employer /im’plɔiә/ oyal loyal loyalty /’lɔiәlti/ loyal /’lɔiәl/ page LIEN SON HIGH SCHOOL – ENGLISH GROUP – All rights reserved! 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GIÁO ÁN CHUYÊN ĐỀ MÔN TIẾNG ANH 2016 The symbols of the consonant sounds (Các kí hiệu phiên âm phụ âm): 2.1 The symbols of voiceless consonants (Kí hiệu phiên âm phụ âm vô thanh): Symbols In of the letters Examples in words sounds (Chữ (Ví dụ cụ thể từ) (Kí hiệu) thể hiện) /p/ p pen /pen/ paint /peint/ people /’pi:pәl/ f five /faiv/ formal /’fɔ:mәl/ family /’fæmili/ /f/ ph physics /’fiziks/ physician /fi’ziʃn/ physical /fi’zikәl/ gh laugh /la:f/ enough /i’nf/ rough /rf/ th throw /θrәʊ/ sixth /siksθ/ // thunder /’θndә(r)/ /t/ t teach /ti:tʃ/ temple /’tempәl/ tittle /’taitәl/ ed looked /lʊkt/ laughed /la:ft/ stopped /stɔpt/ /s/ s site /sait/ sandy /’sændi/ sample /’sæmpәl/ c centre /’sentә/ century /’sentʃʊri/ cell /sel/ sh sheep /ʃi:p/ sheet /ʃi:t/ English /’iŋliʃ/ /ʃ/ ch machine chaise /ʃeiz/ champagne /ʃæm’pein/ s sugar /’ʃʊgә/ sugary /’ʃʊgәri/ sure /’ʃʊә(r)/ / t∫ / ch choice /tʃɔis/ church /tʃз:tʃ/ chimney /’tʃimni/ t fixture /'fikst∫ә/ future / 'fju:t∫ә/ question / 'kwest∫n/ /k/ k kitchen kiss /kis/ king /kiŋ/ c concert /kɔn’sз:t/ cancel /’kænsәl/ comedy /’kmedi/ ch chemist /’kemist/ chemistry /’kemistri/ chemical /’kemikәl/ q quite /kwait/ question / 'kwest∫n/ conquest /’kɔŋkwest/ /h/ h hike /haik/ homeless /’hәʊmlis/ hunger /’hŋgә(r)/ wh whoop /hu:p/ whose /hu:z/ wholesale /’hɔʊlseil/ 2.2 The symbols of voiced consonants (Kí hiệu phiên âm phụ âm hữu thanh): Symbols In of the letters Examples in words sounds (Chữ (Ví dụ cụ thể từ) (Kí hiệu) thể hiện) /b/ b boy /bɔi/ bamboo /bæm’bu:/ band /bænd/ /v/ v visit /vizit/ van /væn/ victory /vlktәri/ f of /әv/ of /әv/ of /әv/ th // them /әm/ with /wi/ though /әʊ/ /d/ d doctor /’dɔktә(r)/ dancer /dænsә(r)/ done /dn/ ed lived /livd/ earned /з:nd/ cancelled /’kænsәld/ /z/ z zebra /zi:brә/ zip /zip/ zealot /’zelәt/ s visit /’vizit/ visual /’vizjʊәl/ teachers /ti:tʃәz/ /ʒ/ s vision /’viʒn/ usual /’jʊʒʊәl/ usually /’jʊʒʊәli/ / dʒ / g germ /dʒз:m/ gene /dʒi:n/ age /eidʒ/ j jam /dʒæm/ jam /dʒæz/ joyful /dʒɔifʊl/ /g/ g gift /gift/ gain /gein/ girl /gз:l/ /l/ l little /’litәl/ lamp /læmp/ light /lait/ /m/ m monk /mɔŋk/ mammal /’mæmәl/ Monday /’mndei/ /n/ n name /neim/ noise /nɔis/ number /nmbә/ /ŋ/ n think /θiŋk/ thank /θæŋk/ sink /siŋk/ page LIEN SON HIGH SCHOOL – ENGLISH GROUP – All rights reserved! 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GIÁO ÁN CHUYÊN ĐỀ MÔN TIẾNG ANH 2016 /r/ /w/ /j/ /ф/ mute cases ng r w wh y u h k b p sing /siŋ/ rural /’rʊәrәl/ with /wi/ when young /jŋ/ music /’mju:sik/ honest /’ɔ:nist/ knight /nait/ comb /kɔʊm/ pneumonia /njʊ’mɔ:niә/ thing /θiŋ/ ring /riŋ/ wine /wain/ whistle /’wisәl/ yearly /’jiәli/ unit /’ju:nit/ hour /aʊә/ knit /nit/ climb /klaim/ psychology /sai’kɔ:lɔdʒi/ ceiling /’si:liŋ/ reader /’ri:dә/ wing /wiŋ/ whisper /’wispә/ youth /ju:θ/ university /ju:ni’v з:siti/ heir /aiә/ known /nɔʊn/ debt /det/ psychiatrist /sai’kiәtrist/ 2.3 The clusters of consonants (Kí hiệu phiên âm chùm phụ âm): Symbols In of the letters Examples in words sounds (Chữ (Ví dụ cụ thể từ) (Kí hiệu) thể hiện) / sp / speak /spi:k/ spoil /spɔil/ speaker /’spri:kә/ / st / start /sta:t/ stand /stænd/ stay /stei/ / sk / school /skʊl/ skill /skil/ scan /skæn/ / s+ / / sf / sphere /sfiә/ spheral /sfiәrәl/ biosphere /baiә’sfiә/ / sm / small /smɔl/ smash /smæʃ/ smell /smel/ / sn / snow /snәʊ/ sneeze /sni:z/ sneaky /’sni:ki/ / sw / sweet /swi:t/ swim /swim/ swan /swɔn/ / sj / super /sjʊpә/ superadd /’sjʊpәræd/ superably /’sjʊpәreibli/ / pl / apply /ә’plai/ please /pli:s/ plump /plmp/ / p+ / / pr / proud /praʊd/ propose /’prɔpәʊs/ produce /prә’djʊs/ / pj / pure /pjʊә/ purely /’pjʊәli/ purify /’pjʊrәfai/ / tr / train /trein/ treat /tri:t/ treatment /tri:tmәnt/ / t+ / / tw / twice /twais/ twerp /twз:p/ twicer /’twaisә/ / tj / tube /tjʊb/ tubal /’tjʊ:bәl/ tuber /’tjʊ:bә/ / kl / class /kla:s/ clean /kli:ns/ clame /kleim/ / k+ / / kr / cream /kri:m/ cry /krai/ creative /kri:’eitiv/ / kw / quite /kwait/ quit /kwit/ quest /kwest/ / kj / cure /kjʊә/ cute /kjʊt/ cutely /kjʊtli/ / bl / blow /blәʊ/ blame /bleim/ bleach /bli:tʃ/ / b+ / / br / bring /briŋ/ bride /braid/ bridge /bridʒ/ / bj / beauty /’bjʊti/ beautify /’bjʊtifai/ beautiful /’bjʊtifʊl/ / g+ / / gl / glass /gla:s/ glim /glim/ glance /gla:ns/ / gr / grow /grәʊ/ great /greit/ groom /gru:m/ / dr / dream /dri:m/ dread /dred / dreadful /’dredfʊl/ / d+ / / dw / dwell /dwel/ dweller /dwelә/ dwelt /dwel/ / dj / duty /djʊti/ dutiful /djʊtifʊl/ dutifully /djʊtifʊli/ / fl / flow /flәʊ/ fly /flai/ flame /fleim/ / f+ / / fr / fry /frai/ fright /frait/ fridge /fridʒ/ / fj / furious /’fjʊriәs/ few /fjʊ/ furiously /’fjʊriәsli/ throw /θrәʊ/ through /θru:/ threat /θret/ / + / / r / / w / thwart /wæt/ thwack /wæk/ thwack /wæk/ page LIEN SON HIGH SCHOOL – ENGLISH GROUP – All rights reserved! 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GIÁO ÁN CHUYÊN ĐỀ MÔN TIẾNG ANH 2016 Các kết hợp khác / vj / / mj / / ∫r / / nj / / spr / / spl / / skr / / str / / skj / / stj / / spj / / skw / view /vjʊ/ mute /mjʊt/ shrimp /∫rimp/ nude /njʊd/ spread /spred/ splash /splæʃ/ scream /scri:m/ stream /stri:m/ scuba /’skjʊbә/ student /’stjʊdnt/ spume /spjʊ:m/ square /skweә/ interview /’intәvjʊ/ mutual /mjʊtʊәl/ shriek /∫ri:k/ nudist /’njʊdist/ sprawl /sprɔ:l/ splat /splæt/ scree /scri: / strawy /strɔ:i/ scuba /’skjʊbә/ stupid /’stjʊpid/ spue /spjʊ:/ squarer /’skweәrә/ preview /pri’vjʊ/ music /mjʊzik/ shrill /∫ril/ nudism /’njʊdizm/ spray /sprei/ splashy /splæʃi/ screen /scri:n/ streak /stri:k/ scuba /’skjʊbә/ studio /’stjʊdiәʊ/ spumous /spjʊ:mәs/ squander /’skwɔdә/ BÀI TẬP THỰC HÀNH Exercise 1: Find the word whose underlined part is pronounced differently from the others of the same group A candy B sandy C many D handy A earning B learning C searching D clearing A pays B stays C says D plays A given B risen C ridden D whiten A cough B tough C rough D enough A accident B jazz C stamp D watch A this B thick C maths D thin A gas B gain C germ D good A bought B naught C plough D thought 10 A forks B tables C beds D windows 11 A handed B booked C translated D visited 12 A car B coach C century D cooperate 13 A within B without C clothing D strengthen 14 A has B bag C dad D made 15 A kites B catches C oranges D buzzes 16 A student B stupid C study D studio 17 A wealth B cloth C with D marathon 18 A brilliant B trip C tripe D tip 19 A surgeon B agent C engine D regard 20 A feather B leather C feature D measure Exercise 2: Find the word whose underlined part is pronounced differently from the others of the same group A geology B psychology C classify D photography A idiom B ideal C item D identical A children B child C mild D wild A both B myth C with D sixth A helped B booked C hoped D waited A name B natural C native D nation A blood B food C moon D pool A comb B plumb C climb D disturb A thick B though C thank D think 10 A flour B hour C pour D sour 11 A dictation B repetition C station D question page LIEN SON HIGH SCHOOL – ENGLISH GROUP – All rights reserved! 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GIÁO ÁN CHUYÊN ĐỀ MÔN TIẾNG ANH 2016 12 A dew B knew C sew D few 13 A asked B helped C kissed D played 14 A smells B cuts C opens D plays 15 A decided B hatred C sacred D warned 16 A head B break C bread D breath 17 A blood B tool C moon D spool 18 A height B fine C tidy D cliff 19 A through B them C threaten D thunder 20 A fought B country C bought D ought Exercise 3: Find the word whose underlined part is pronounced differently from the others of the same group A moon B pool C door D cool A any B apple C hat D cat A book B blood C look D foot A pan B woman C sad D man A table B lady C labor D captain A host B most C cost D post A dear B beard C beer D heard A work B coat C go D know A name B flame C man D fame 10 A how B town C power D slow 11 A harm B wash C call D talk 12 A brought B ought C thought D though 13 A call B curtain C cell D contain 14 A measure B decision C pleasure D permission 15 A drought B fought C brought D bought 16 A builds B destroys C occurs D prevents 17 A deal B teach C break D clean 18 A supported B approached C noticed D finished 19 A unity B suite C studious D volume 20 A climber B subtle C debtor D probable page LIEN SON HIGH SCHOOL – ENGLISH GROUP – All rights reserved! Uncopiable! GIÁO ÁN CHUYÊN ĐỀ MÔN TIẾNG ANH 2016 BÀI STRESS & RULES TO MARK STRESS QUI TẮC ĐÁNH TRỌNG ÂM What is the main (primary) stress of a word? Main (primary) stress of a word (bearing more than one syllable) is the degree of the loudness or prominence with which a sound ort a word is pronounced Trọng âm từ đa âm tiết độ lớn hay thống trị âm âm tiết chùm âm từ (có từ hai âm tiết trở lên) đọc, nói hay phát âm Some basic rules to mark stresses – Những qui tắc xác định vị trí trọng âm bản: 2.1 For di-syllable words: Đối với từ có âm tiết a Trọng âm từ có hai âm tiết thường rơi vào âm tiết thứ động từ - trừ âm tiết thứ có chứa nguyên âm /ә/, /i/, /әʊ/, rơi vào âm tiết thứ từ loại lại, trừ trường hợp âm tiết thứ có chứa nguyên âm đơn /ә/ (Primary stresses on di-syllable words are usually on the second syllables for verbs whose second syllables don’t contain the vowel sounds of /ә/, /i/, and /әʊ/, and on the first syllables of the other words except for the syllables bearing the vowel sound of /ә/) Examples: Verbs Transcriptions Nouns Transcriptions appeal / ә’pi:l / brother / ’brә / appear / ә’pir / 2 color / ’k lә / approach / ә’prɔ:tʃ / dhoti / ’hәʊti / arrange / ә’reidʒ / father / ’f a:ә / decide / di’said/ mother / ’mә / invite / in’vait/ palace / ’pælis / prepare / pri’peә / people / ’pi:pl / provide / prɔ’vaid/ pupil / ’pjʊpәl / support / sә’pɔ:t / student / ’stjʊdnt / 10 surprise / sә’prais / 10 summer / ’smә / hoặc: Adjectives Transcriptions Adverbs Transcriptions ancient / ’einsәnt / 1 ever / ’evә / annual / ’ænjʊәl / hardly / ’ha:dli / concave / ’kɔnkeiv / never / ’nevә / cozy / ’kәʊzi / often / ’ɔ:fn / easy / ’i:zi / rarely / ’reәli / happy / ’hæpi / rather / ’ra:ә / muddy really / ’riәli / / ’m di / noisy / ’nɔizi / scarcely / ’skeәsli / quiet / ’kwaiәt / seldom / ’seldәm / 10 ready / ’redi / 10 sometimes / ’smtaimz / Except for: Ngoại trừ trường hợp Verbs Transcriptions Others Transcriptions borrow / ’bɔrәʊ / 1 afraid / ә’freid / 2 bother across / ә’krɔs / / ’bɔә / broaden / ’brɔdәn / around / ә’raʊnd / enter / ’entә / canal / kә’næl / follow / ’fɔlәʊ / career / kә’riә / harbor / ’ha:bәr / surround / sә’raʊnd / suffer polite / pә’lait / / ’sfә / widen / ’waidәn / police / pә’lis / loosen / ’lu:zәn / today / tә’dei / page LIEN SON HIGH SCHOOL – ENGLISH GROUP – All rights reserved! 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GIÁO ÁN CHUYÊN ĐỀ MÔN TIẾNG ANH 2016 10 tighten / ’taitәn / 10 tonight / tә’nait / b Đối với từ có mang tiền tố, hậu tố, trọng âm từ thường rơi vào âm tiết gốc (Primary stresses on di-syllable words are usually on the root syllables with words having suffixes or prefixes) Như bảng sau: Prefixes Transcriptions Suffixes Transcriptions become threaten / ’θretәn / / bi’km / react / ri’ækt / 2 failure / ’feiljʊә / foretell / fɔ’tel / daily / ’deili / begin / bi’gin / treatment / ’tri:tmәnt / unknown / n’knәʊn / ruler / ’ru:lә / prepaid / pri’peә / quickly / ’kwikli / redo / ri’dʊ / builder / ’bildә / overact / әʊ’ækt / lately / ’leitli / upload actual / ’æktʊәl / / p’lәʊd / 10 dislike / dis’laik / 10 sandy / ’sændi / Ngoại trừ: unkeep / ’nki:p/ Chú ý: Đối với từ có nhiều chức từ vựng khác nhau, trọng âm thường rơi vào âm tiết thứ động từ, rơi vào âm tiết thứ từ loại lại (For words having different word-classes, the main stresses are usually on the second syllables for verbs, the first for other word-classes) Như bảng sau: Verbs Transcriptions Others Transcriptions rebel / ri’bel / rebel / ’rebәl / progress / prә’gres / 2 progress / ’prɔgres / suspect / sәs’pekt / suspect / ’sspekt / record / ri’kɔ:d / record / ’rekәd / export / iks’pɔ:t / export / ’ekspәt / conflict / kәn’flikt / conflict / ’kɔnflikt / permit / pә’mit / permit / ’pɜ:mit / conduct conduct / kәn’dkt / / ’kɔn dkt / perfect / pә’fekt / perfect / ’pɜfekt / 10 import / im’pɔ:t / 10 import / ’impәt / 2.2 For words with more than two syllables: Đối với từ có âm tiết a Đối với từ có hai âm tiết thông thường trọng âm thường rơi vào âm tiết thứ ba kể từ âm tiết cuối (Primary stresses are usually on the 3rd syllables from the end for words with more than two syllables.) Như bảng sau: Words Transcriptions Words Transcriptions family / ’fæmili / 11 biology / bai’ɔ:lɔdʒi / cinema / ’sinәmә / 12 democracy / di’mɔ:krәsi / regular / ’regjʊlә / 13 satisfy / ’sætisfai / singular / ’siŋgjʊlә / 14 dedicate / ’delikeit / international / intә’næʃәnәl / 15 philosophy / fi’lɔ:sɔfi / demonstrate / ’demәnstreit / 16 philosopher / fi’lɔ:sɔfә / recognize / ’rekɔgnaiz / 17 character / ’kæriktә / psychology / sai’kɔ:lɔdʒi / 18 interest / ’intәrist / qualify / ’kwɔ:liti/ 19 internet / ’intәnet / 10 biologist / bai’ɔ:lɔdʒist / 20 different / ’difәrәnt / b Đối với từ có tận “ian”, “ic”, “ience”, “ient”, “al”, “ial”, “ual”, “eous”, “ious”, “iar”, “ion”, trọng âm thường rơi vào âm tiết liền trước tận – thứ kể từ âm tiết page LIEN SON HIGH SCHOOL – ENGLISH GROUP – All rights reserved! Uncopiable! GIÁO ÁN CHUYÊN ĐỀ MÔN TIẾNG ANH 2016 cuối (For words ending in suffixes as “ian”, “ic”, “ience”, “ient”, “al”, “ial”, “ual”, “eous”, “ious”, “iar”, “ion”, primary stresses are usually on the preceding syllables of these suffixes) Như bảng sau: Endings Words Transcriptions Words Transcriptions ian physician / fi’ziksәn / musician / mjʊ’ziksәn / ic athletic / eθ’letik / energetic / enә’dʒetik / ience experience / iks’priәns / convenience / kәn’veniәn / ient expedient / iks’pediәnt / ingredient / in’gri:diәn / al parental / pә’rentәl / refusal / re’fjʊzәl / ial essential / i’senʃәl/ confidential / kәnfi’denʃәl / ual habitual / hæ’bi:tʃʊәl / individual / indi’vi:dʊәl / eous courageous / kɔ’rægәʊs / spontaneous / spɔn’tænәʊs / ious delicious / de’li:ʃiәʊs / industrious / in’dstriәʊs / 10 ion decision / die’si:zn / communication / kәmjʊni’keiʃn / 11 iar familiar / fә’mi:liә / unfamiliar / nfә’mi:liә / Trừ: television / ’televizn / c Đối với từ có tận “ese”, “ee’, “eer”, “ier”, “ette”, “oo”, “esque”, trọng âm thường rơi vào âm tiết chứa tận (For words ending in suffixes as “ee”, “eer”, “ese”, “ier”, “ette”, “esque”, “oo”, primary stresses are usually on these suffixes) Như bảng sau: Endings Words Transcriptions Words Transcriptions ee refugee / refjʊ’dʒi: / employee / implɔi’i: / eer volunteer engineer / endʒi’niә / / vɔln’tiә / ese Portuguese / pɔtjʊ’gi:s / Vietnamese / vietn’mi:s / ette ushrette cigarette / sigә’ret / / ʃ’ret / esque bamboo / bæm’bu: / picturesque / piktʃә’res / oo kangaroo / kæŋ’gru: / cukoo / kʊ’ku: / oon saloon / sæ’lu:n / typhoon / tai’fu:n / d Đối với từ có tận “ate”, “fy”, “ity”, “ize”, trọng âm thường rơi vào âm tiết thứ ba kể từ âm tiết cuối (For words ending in “ate”, “fy”, “ity”, “ize”, primary stresses are usually on the 3rd syllables from the end.) Như bảng sau: Endings Words Transcriptions Words Transcriptions ate dedicate / ’dedikeit/ communicate / kә’mjʊnikeit/ fy classify / ’kla:sifai / satisfy / ’sætisfai / ity ability / ә’bi:liti / responsibility / respɔsi’bi:liti / ize recognize / ’rekɔgnaiz / urbanize / ’ɜ:bәnaiz / ety society / sәʊ’saiәti / anxiety / æŋ’zaiәti / e Một số trường hợp đặc biệt cần lưu ý: on the first syllable on the second syllable Words Transcriptions Words Transcriptions internet / ’intәnet / important / im’pɔ:tәnt / interest / ’intәrist / remember / ri’membә / interested / ’intәristid / deliver / di’livә / interesting / ’intәristi ŋ / september / sep’tembә / character / ’kæriktә / october / ɔk’tәʊbә / character ize / ’kæriktәraiz / november / nәʊ’vembә / different / ’difәrәnt / december / di’sembә / difference / ’difәrәns / 3rd syllable words Transcriptions differently / ’difәrәntli / magazine / mægә’zi:n/ 10 difficult / ’difikәlt / understand / ndә’stænd/ page 10 LIEN SON HIGH SCHOOL – ENGLISH GROUP – All rights reserved! Uncopiable! GIÁO ÁN CHUYÊN ĐỀ MÔN TIẾNG ANH 2016 BÀI COMMUNICATIVE EXCHANGES - MẪU CÂU GIAO TIẾP Requests or asking for help: Đề nghị giúp đỡ ta sử dụng mẫu câu kèm hình thức đáp lời khảng định phủ định sau: Requests Agreements Disagreements Đề nghị Trả lời đồng ý Không đồng ý - V… , please - Certainly I'm sorry (I'm busy ) - Can you V… ? - Of course I'm afraid I can't - Could you V… ? - Sure I'm afraid I couldn't - Would you please V… ? - No problem - Will you V… ? - What can I for you? - I wonder if you'd V… - How can I help you? - I wonder if you could V… - Would you mind – V-ing…? - No I don't mind - I'm sorry, I can't - Do you mind - V-ing….? - No, of course not - Not at all Offer to help: Ngỏ ý giúp đỡ Offers Đề nghị -Shall I – V… ? - Would you like me to V ? - Do you want me to V ? - What can I for you? - May I help you? - Do you need any help? - Let me help you - Can I help you? Agreements Trả lời đồng ý - Yes, thank you - That's very kind of you - Yes, please - Oh, would you really? Thanks a lot Asking for permissions: Asking ways Cách hỏi - May I – V ? - Can I – V ? - Could I – V ? (May I go out?) - Do you think I could – V ? -I wonder if I could – V -Is it all right if I – V ? - Would you mind if I V-ed? (Would you mind if I smoked?) - Do you mind if I – V….? (Do you mind if I smoke?) Suggestions: Gợi ý rủ làm Suggestions Gợi ý Shall I/ we – V ? Let's – V Why don't I/ we – V ? How about – V-ing ? page 124 Agreements Trả lời đồng ý - Certainly - Of course - Please - Please go ahead - Yes, by all means Disagreements Không đồng ý - No Thank you - No, thank you I can manage - No, there's no need But thanks all the same - Well, that's very kind of you, but I think I can manage, thanks Disagreements Không đồng ý - I'd rather you didn't - I'd prefer You didn't - No, I'm afraid you can't - I'm sorry, but you can't - No, of course not - Not at all - Please - Please go ahead Agreements Trả lời đồng ý Yes, I think that's a good idea That's probably the best option Disagreements Không đồng ý No, let's not LIEN SON HIGH SCHOOL – ENGLISH GROUP – All rights reserved! Uncopiable! GIÁO ÁN CHUYÊN ĐỀ MÔN TIẾNG ANH 2016 What about – V-ing ? I think we should – V I suggest that we – V It might be a good idea if we/ you – V I think the best way of dealing with this situation would be to – V 10 If you ask me, I think we/ you should/ could – V Thanking: Tỏ ý cảm ơn, nói cảm ơn Thanking Cảm ơn - Thank you - Thank you very much - Thanks a lot - Thanks a lot for Sure, why not? Yes, definitely By all means Good idea Responses Trả lời - You're welcome - That's all right - Not at all - It's my pleasure Request for a repeat: Yêu cầu nhắc lại điều - Pardon? (Cách thông dụng tiếng Anh – Mỹ) - Yes? (Cách thông dụng tiếng Anh – Anh) - Please say that again - Could you repeat that? Invitations, offers: Cho, mời a) Invite something: Mời thứ - Would you like – something? e.g A: Would you like a cup of tea? B: - Yes, please (or - No, thanks.) b) Invite to somewhere: Mời - Would you like + to inf.? e.g Would you like to go to the cinema with me? (mời bạn xem phim với tôi) Would you like to go to the party? (mời bạn dự tiệc) Warnings: Cảnh báo Don't move! Mind you head! Watch out! Look out! Be careful! Take care! Showing concerns: Bày tỏ quan tâm Uh-huh! Right! Showing interest Really? (Thể quan tâm) That's interesting! And? What then? Oh? What happened next? Now, you mentioned Showing that you're listening So, that's how ? (Thể bạn lắng nghe) Yes, I was going to ask you about that Could you give me / us an example of ? Could you explain in more detail ? Many thanks Thanks a lot Cheers! That's very kind of you page 125 LIEN SON HIGH SCHOOL – ENGLISH GROUP – All rights reserved! Uncopiable! GIÁO ÁN CHUYÊN ĐỀ MÔN TIẾNG ANH 2016 Thanking and responding (Cảm ơn đáp lại lời cảm ơn) Apologizing (Xin lỗi) Accepting an apology (Chấp nhận lời xin lỗi) Giving instructions (Đưa lời hướng dẫn/ dẫn) Checking someone has understood (Kiểm tra xem hiểu hay chưa) Thank you very much Not at all It's a pleasure / My pleasure You're welcome Don't mention it 10 Any time 11 That's OK / all right 12 I'm glad to have been of some help Sorry I'm very/awfully/so/extremely sorry Excuse me Sorry, (it was) my fault I apologize Please accept my apologies That's all right/OK Not to worry That's quite/perfectly all right No reason/need to apologize Don't worry about it Make sure Remember (to do) Be careful (not to do) Don't forget (to do) Giving directions Go straight on Take the first/second on the left / right Turn left / right Go along as far as 10 Take the number bus / tram 11 Get off (the bus / tram) at (place) 12 Carry on until you see 13 Look out for Are you with me? Did you follow that? Have you got that? Is everything clear so far? Does that seem to make sense BÀI TẬP THỰC HÀNH Exercise 69 Choose one word or phrase marked A, B, C, or D that best complete the preceding sentence Mike: “More coffee? Anybody?” Jane: “ .” A I don’t agree I’m afraid” B I’d love to C Yes, please D It’s right I think Mike: “Do you like the weather here?” Jane: “I wish it .” A doesn’t rain B didn’t rain C won’t rain D hadn’t rained Mike: “Oh, I’m really sorry” Jane: “ .” A It was a pleasure B That’s all right C Thanks D Yes, why? page 126 LIEN SON HIGH SCHOOL – ENGLISH GROUP – All rights reserved! Uncopiable! GIÁO ÁN CHUYÊN ĐỀ MÔN TIẾNG ANH 2016 Mike: “What’s your hobby, Hoa? Hoa: “ _.” A Well, I like collecting stamps B Oh, with computers C Well, I want stamps D Oh, on the phone Mike: “You look nice today I like your new hairstyle” Jane: “ .” A It’s nice of you to say so B Shall I? Thanks C Oh, Well done D I feel interesting to hear that Mike: “A motorbike knocked Ted down.” Jane: “ _.” A What is it now? B Poor Ted! C How terrific! D What a motorbike! Mike: “I have bought you a toy Happy birthday to you!” Jane: “ .” A The same to you B Have a nice day! C What a pity! D What a lovely toy! Thanks Mike “ _” Jane: “Oh, it’s great” A How is the English competition? B Would you like the English competition? C What you like about the English competition? D What you think of the English competition? Peter: “Do you feel like going to the cinema this evening?” Mary: “ .” A I don’t agree I’m afraid B You’re welcome C That would be great D I feel very bored 10 Laura: “What a lovely house you have “ Mary: “ .” A Of course not, it’s not costly B Thank you Hope you will drop in C I think so D No problem 11 Peter: “Has an announcement been made about the eight o’clock flight to Paris?” Mary: “ .” A Yes, it was B Sorry, I don’t C I don’t think that D Not yet 12 Peter: “Would you mind lending me your bike?” Mary: “ .” A Yes Here it is B Not at all C Yes, let’s D Great 13 Peter: “ _ detective stories?” Mary: “In my opinion, they are very good for teenagers” A How about B Are you fond of C What you think about D What people feel about? 14 Hellen: “Congratulations!” Jane: “ .” A What a pity B Thank you C I’m sorry D You are welcome 15 Linda: “Excuse me! Where ‘s the post office?” Maria: “ _.” A It’s over there B I’m afraid not C Don’t worry D Yes, I think so 16 Tom: “How did you get there?” John: “ .” A Is it far from here? B I came here by train C I came here last night D The train is so crowded 17 Alice: “What shall we this evening?” Carol: “ .” A Let’s go out for dinner B No problem C Thank you D Not at all 18 Mark: “I’m sorry It’s late I must go now.” Mary: “ .” A You are welcome B Good bye See you soon C Not at all D Hello 19 Mary: “Whose bike is that?” Tom:” _.” A No, It’s over there B It’s Jane C It’s just outside D It’s Jane’s 20 Peter: “How you go to school?” Mary: “ _.” A I go there early B Every day, Except Sunday C I don’t think so D I go there by bus page 127 LIEN SON HIGH SCHOOL – ENGLISH GROUP – All rights reserved! Uncopiable! GIÁO ÁN CHUYÊN ĐỀ MÔN TIẾNG ANH 2016 Exercise 70 Choose one word or phrase marked A, B, C, or D that best complete the preceding sentence Peter: “Bye” Mary: “ .” A See you lately B Thank you C Meet you again D See you later Peter: “I’ve passed my driving test” Mary: “ .” A Congratulations! B That’s a good idea C It’s nice of you to say so D Do you? Mike: “Would you like to have dinner with me?” Mary: “ .” A Yes, I love to B Yes, so I C I’m very happy D Yes, it is Ann: “ _where the nearest post office is? Linda: “Turn left and then turn right” A Could you tell me B Should you show me C Do you tell me D Will you say me Peter: “How you do?” Mary: “ .” A How you do? B Not too bad C I’m well Thank D Yeah, OK Peter: “I enjoy listening to pop music” Mary: “ .” A I’m too B I don’t C Neither I D So am I Mike: “It’s hot in here?” Mary: “ I open the window?” A Did B Shall C Would D Do David : “James is a very brave man“ Jane: “Yes, I wish I _ his encourage” A had B will have C have had D have Anna : “ ” Mary: “I am teaching.” A What you for a living? B What you earn for a living? C How you live? D What are you working? 10 David: “You’ ve got a beautiful dress!” Mary: “ .” A I B Thank you C You, too D Okay 11 Sue: “I love music” Mary: “ .” A So I B No, I won’t C Yes, I like it D Neither I 12 Maria: “I’m taking my end term examination tomorrow.” Mary: “ .” A Good luck B Good day C Good time D Good chance 13 Hang: “Thank for your help, Lan.” Lan: “ .” A With all my heart B Never remind me C It’s my pleasure D Wish you 14 Ann: “Do you think it will rain?” Mary: “ .” A I don’t hope B I hope not C I don’t hope so D It’s hopeless 15 Ann: “Do you think you will get the job?” Mary: “ .” A Yes, that’s right B I think not C I know so D Well, I hope so 16 David: “Happy Christmas!” Mary: “ .” A The same to you! B Happy Christmas to you! C You are the same! D Same for you! 17 Mike: “ _ going on a picnic this weekend?” Jane: “That’s great!” A Why don’t we B Would you like C How about D Let’s 18 Mike: “What an attractive hair style you have got, Mary!” Mary: “ .” A Thank you very much I am afraid C You are telling a lie B Thank you for your compliment D I don't like your sayings 19 Laura: “You look great in this new dress.” Mary: “ .” A With pleasure B Not at all C I am glad you like it D Do not say anything about it 20 Mark: “How well you are playing!” Mary: “ .” page 128 LIEN SON HIGH SCHOOL – ENGLISH GROUP – All rights reserved! Uncopiable! GIÁO ÁN CHUYÊN ĐỀ MÔN TIẾNG ANH 2016 A Say it again I like to hear your words C Thank you too much B I think so I am proud of myself D Many thanks That is a nice compliment CHUYÊN ĐỀ V WRITING SKILLS CHUYÊN ĐỀ VIẾT Chuyên đề đề cập đến điểm yếu cố hữu học sinh, trở ngại lớn việc đạt điểm cao làm câu hỏi mang tính phân hóa đối tượng, chuyên đề kĩ viết thực tế, việc cải thiện kĩ viết không khó khăn nghĩ, mà trái lại, có tảng kiến thức ngữ pháp, vốn từ khá, hiểu biết tương đối chủ đề sống, vấn đề thời thời đại việc đạt điểm cao phần không khó (trên thực tế số học sinh đạt 50% số điểm phần hiếm) Việc thực nghiêm túc bốn chuyên đề trước nêu tài liệu giúp học sinh tự tin hoàn thành tốt yêu cấu cải thiện kĩ viết đạt kết thật cao BÀI SENTENCES TRANSFORMATION VIẾT LẠI CÂU I Introduction: Trong tiếng Anh, nhiều ngôn ngưc khác, ta dùng nhiều cấu trúc lời nói khác để diễn đạt ý, hay lời nói Nói cách khác câu nói không đơn có ý nghĩa theo cấu trúc ngữ pháp, mà câu nói truyền tải theo hình thức cấu trúc ngữ pháp khác mà giữ nguyên ý nghĩa gốc Hình thức viết lại câu (sentence transformation) hình thức viết lại câu cho trước cấu trúc không làm thay đổi ý nghĩa ban đầu câu Ví dụ như: Câu gốc: He has lived here since 1990 (the present perfect tense) Câu viết lại: He moved here in 1990 (the simple past tense) → Chuyển đổi câu sử dụng động từ, động từ thay trạng ngữ thời gian Câu gốc: We can find him nowhere (affirmative sentence) Câu viết lại: Nowhere can we find him (inversion sentence) → Chuyển đổi câu sử dụng hình thức đảo ngữ (inversion) để nhấn mạnh Câu gốc: She is the most intelligent student in my class (superlative degree) Câu viết lại: No one in my class is as intelligent as she is (negative positive degree) → Chuyển đổi câu sử dụng hình thức so sánh với tính từ Câu gốc: “Don’t touch the wire, boys!” said Mr Hung (direct speech) Câu viết lại: Mr Hung told the boys not to touch the wire (indirect speech) → Chuyển đổi câu sử dụng cách chuyển từ câu trực tiếp sang câu gián tiếp II Some transformative forms: Vài hình thức biến đổi câu tiếng Anh miêu tả sau: Tense sentence transformation: Chuyển đổi câu qua chuyển đổi động từ: e.g a We started working here three years ago → We have worked here for three years b This is the first time I have been on a plane → I have never been on a plane before c That’s strange! My pen isn’t here! → That’s strange! My pen has disappeared! d Nicky and Jan aren’t at this school any more → Nicky and Jan have left this school Transformations using comparisons: Chuyển đổi câu sử dụng hình thức so sánh e.g a She is taller than I am → I am not as tall as she is b He worked harder than his friends → His friends did not work as hard as he did c This is the best film I have ever seen → I have never seen a better film than this one Chú ý: Phần viết lại câu sử dụng tập Chuyên đề II, Bài 3) Transformations using inversions: Chuyển đổi câu sử dụng hình thức đảo ngữ e.g a She can hardly understand what the teacher is saying → Hardly can she understand what the teacher is saying b Although he worked hard, he couldn’t feed the family page 129 LIEN SON HIGH SCHOOL – ENGLISH GROUP – All rights reserved! Uncopiable! GIÁO ÁN CHUYÊN ĐỀ MÔN TIẾNG ANH 2016 → Hard as he worked, he couldn’t feed the family c They could not find the man anywhere → Nowhere could they find the man Chú ý: Phần viết lại câu sử dụng tập Chuyên đề II, Bài 4) Transformations using the passive voice: Chuyển đổi câu sử dụng câu bị động e.g a She can make a decision soon → A decision can be made soon by her b Their car was stolen long ago → Someone stole their car long ago c They will build a new school here.→ A new school will be built here Chú ý: Phần viết lại câu sử dụng tập Chuyên đề III, Bài 5) Transformations using the indirect speech: Chuyển đổi câu sử dụng câu gián tiếp e.g a “Go out, boys!” said the mother → The mother told her sons to go out b “Would you like a cigar, Peter?” said Mike → Mike invited Peter a cigar c “Do you live here?” said the stranger → The stranger asked if I lived there Chú ý: Phần viết lại câu sử dụng tập Chuyên đề III, Bài 6) Transformations using conditional sentences: Chuyển đổi câu sử dụng câu điều kiện e.g a If you don’t study hard, you will fail the final exam → Unless you study hard, you will fail the final exam b The test was too difficult for him to well → He could well if the test were not difficult c He isn’t here to help me → If he were here, he could help me Chú ý: Phần viết lại câu sử dụng tập Chuyên đề IV, Bài 2) Transformations using other structures: Chuyển đổi câu sử dụng mẫu câu khác e.g a Mr Ba is living next door He teaches me English (relative clause) → Mr Ba, who teaches me English, is living next door b Although it rained heavily, we arrived on time (clause of concession) → Despite the heavy rain, we arrived on time c He came early so that he could get a good seat (clause of purpose) → He came early to get a good seat d The test was too difficult for them to well → The test was not easy enough for them to well (cause & effect) Chú ý: Phần viết lại câu sử dụng tập Chuyên đề IV, Bài 3-9) BÀI TẬP THỰC HÀNH Exercise 71: Finish each of the following sentences in such a way that it means the same as the sentence printed before it We couldn’t have managed without my father’s money → If it He hasn´t eaten this kind of food since 1991 → He last _ I had only just put the phone down when the boss rang back → Hardly Nick joined a golf club a year ago → Nick has been _ While I strongly disapprove of your behavior, I will help you this time → Despite my This will be my first visit to Brazil → I've never _ I’m sorry I missed your lecture → I’m sorry not _ I joined a yoga club six months ago → I have been _ page 130 LIEN SON HIGH SCHOOL – ENGLISH GROUP – All rights reserved! 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GIÁO ÁN CHUYÊN ĐỀ MÔN TIẾNG ANH 2016 We may not be able to give the concert → The concert 10 This will be her first time in Spain → She has not _ 11 I was not surprised to hear that he had failed his driving test → It came 12 When did he start work? → How long is _? 13 I only recognized him when he came into the light → Not until 14 Our meeting is tomorrow → We will 15 That rumor about the politician and the construction contract is absolutely false → There is _ 16 David went home before we arrived → When we 17 One runner was too exhausted to complete the last lap of the race → One runner was so _ 18 How long ago did you buy your car? → How long _? 19 My mother was the most warm-hearted person I’ve ever known → I’ve _ 20 I've only recently started wearing glasses → I didn't _ Exercise 72: Finish each of the following sentences in such a way that it means the same as the sentence printed before it He bought his computer one year ago → He has _ They never made us anything we didn’t want to → We were _ They started playing tennis three months ago → They have The only thing that prevented the passing of the bill was the death of the man → Had it not They had not been to South Korea before → It is the It is quite pointless to complain → There’s no I haven't been to the beach for a long time → It's a The workers only called off the strike after a new pay offer → Only after He had not been to ballet classes before → It was the 10 He was sentenced to six months in prison for his part in the robbery → He received a 11 I have never watched such a boring film → It’s the most _ page 131 LIEN SON HIGH SCHOOL – ENGLISH GROUP – All rights reserved! 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GIÁO ÁN CHUYÊN ĐỀ MÔN TIẾNG ANH 2016 12 You can eat as much as you like for 5$ at the new lunch-bar → There is no _ 13 My parents haven’t reached London yet → My parents still haven’t _ 14 She wore a hearing-aid, even though she could hear the phone ring perfectly well → She wasn’t so 15 I haven't had a Chinese meal for ages → It's ages 16 You will never meet anyone more generous than Mrs Hoa → Mrs Hoa is 17 She’s been living in this village since 2009 → She moved 18 My parents let me go abroad alone for the first time last year → I was _ 19 I last travelled to Mui Ne in January → I haven’t 20 It was his incompetence which led to their capture → If he _ BÀI WRITING A PARAGRAPH,AN ESSAY VIẾT ĐOẠN VĂN, BÀI VĂN Trên thực tế không khó để có điểm, chí đạt điểm cao điểm tuyệt đối cho phần học sinh nắm kĩ tổ chúc ý tưởng, vận dụng kiến thức, thực tốt bước xây dựng dàn ý viết Bài trình bày thủ thuật viết đoạn văn giới thiệu số đề luyện tập, viết mẫu để em tham khảo Và để đề phòng yêu cầu mới, đòi hỏi cao phần viết luận đề thi, phần viết luận viết mẫu giới thiệu phần cuối I What is a paragraph? Thế đoạn văn? Definitions: Định nghĩa - Một đoạn văn loạt câu phát triển, ủng hộ, chứng minh ý đó, ý thường câu chủ đề (topic sentence) đoạn văn Các câu lại (supporting sentences) phát triển, giải thích, minh họa cho câu chủ đề Câu kết luận (concluding sentence) đoạn văn câu khẳng định lại câu chủ điểm, tóm tắt lại ý đoạn văn - A paragraph is a group of sentences that deal with a single topic with the length (as required in the GCSE) of around 150 words Đoạn văn tiếng Anh tổ hợp câu với độ dài (yêu cầu thi THPT Quốc Gia) chừng 150 từ, diễn tả hay bàn thảo chủ đề định - Normally (but not always), the first sentence introduces the topic Other sentences give the definitions, examples, information, reasons, restatements, and summaries Thông thường (không phải luôn), câu diễn tả chủ đề Các câu lại giải trình, dẫn chững, tái khảng định, thêm thông tin tóm lược - The parts of the paragraph are linked together by the phrases and conjunctions They guide the readers through the argument presented Xuyên suốt đoạn văn, cụm từ, liên từ sử dụng để kết nối dẫn dắt độc giả theo chủ đề bàn thảo Parts of a Paragraph: Các phần đoạn văn 2.1 Topic Sentence: Câu chủ đề - đưa chủ đề để bàn thảo 2.2 Supporting Details: Các câu văn bổ trợ cho câu chủ đề - giải trình, dẫn chững, tái khảng định, hay thêm thông cho câu chủ đề, hay chủ đề 2.3 Closing Sentence: Câu kết – tóm lược lại hay tái khảng định lại chủ đề page 132 LIEN SON HIGH SCHOOL – ENGLISH GROUP – All rights reserved! Uncopiable! GIÁO ÁN CHUYÊN ĐỀ MÔN TIẾNG ANH 2016 II How to Write a Paragraph: Kĩ viết đoạn văn Prewriting Paragraphs: Chuẩn bị trước viết The prewriting stage is when you think carefully and organize your ideas for your paragraph before you begin writing Là trình ta động não suy nghĩ, tìm xếp ý tưởng cho đoạn văn viết trình tuân theo bước sau: Six Prewriting Steps: bước chuẩn bị viết đoạn văn: Step Think carefully about what you are going to write Hãy tự hỏi câu hỏi: What question am I going to answer in this paragraph or essay? How can I best answer this question? What is the most important part of my answer? How can I make an introductory sentence (or thesis statement) from the most important part of my answer? What facts or ideas can I use to support my introductory sentence? How can I make this paragraph or essay interesting? Do I need more facts on this topic? Where can I find more facts on this topic? Step Open your notebook Hãy trả lời cho câu hỏi bước Không cần phải sử dụng nhiều thời gian để thực bước này, thay liệt kê ý tưởng quan trọng (2-3 ý chính) Step Collect facts related to your paragraph or essay topic Tìm liệt kê ý tưởng giúp bạn trả lời câu hỏi ý cho viết, chắn điều bạn liệt kê trùng khớp hoàn toàn với chủ đề yêu cầu Step Write down your own ideas Để viết ý tự hỏi câu hỏi sau: What else I want to say about this topic? Why should people be interested in this topic? Why is this topic important? Step Find the main idea of your paragraph Hãy chọn câu chủ đề cho đoạn văn, viết câu chủ đề cách hoàn chỉnh Step Organize your facts and ideas in a way that develops your main idea Sắp xếp ý, giải trình, ví dụ, hay ý kiến bổ trợ cho hợp logic, khoa học, ý cách dùng từ ngữ, cụm từ, liên từ (tránh lặp lại từ dùng) Writing Paragraphs: Kĩ viết đoạn văn 2.1 Writing process: Tiến hành viết Đây bước chuyển hóa từ ý tưởng (đã làm phần chuẩn bị đây) thành viết hoàn chỉnh (sản phẩm cuối cùng) Tuân thủ bước sau: Five Writing Steps: Open your notebook and word processor Write the topic sentence, supporting sentences, and closing sentence Write clear and simple sentences to express your meaning Focus on the main idea of your paragraph Use the dictionary to help you find additional words to express your ideas 2.2 Editing Paragraphs: Sửa lỗi viết gồm bước sau: a Grammar and Spelling: Chữa lỗi ngữ pháp tả Check your spelling Check your grammar Read your essay again Make sure each sentence has a subject See if your subjects and verbs agree with each other Check the verb tenses of each sentence Make sure that each sentence makes sense page 133 LIEN SON HIGH SCHOOL – ENGLISH GROUP – All rights reserved! 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GIÁO ÁN CHUYÊN ĐỀ MÔN TIẾNG ANH 2016 b Style and Organization: Chữa lỗi hành văn Make sure your paragraph has a topic sentence Make sure your supporting sentences focus on the main idea Make sure you have a closing sentence Check that all your sentences focus on the main idea See if your paragraph is interesting Useful expressions: Những liên từ, hay cụm từ hữu ích viết đoạn văn: Useful expressions Sequencing/ Listing First of all, First(ly), Initially, To begin with; Second(ly); Third(ly); Next; Then; After that (this); Following this (that); Finally; The first reason is…/ The second is…; Last but not least… Adding to what you have Also, Furthermore, In addition, Additionally, Moreover, said Besides, As well as, Similarly, not only…but also…, even beside this/ that Contrasting In contrast to this, On the contrary, In contrast, Conversely, On the other hand, While, Whereas, However, Despite/ In spite of, Although, Even though, Otherwise, Nonetheless Expressing similarity Similarly; Likewise, In the same way Showing results As a result, As a consequence, Consequently, Hence, Thus, Therefore, So Giving examples For example, For instance, In particular, Particularly, That is to say, Namely, Such as Restating In other words, That is to say, To put it simply Inferring In other words, In that case, or else, Otherwise Summarizing In summary, To sum up, To conclude, To recapitulate, In conclusion, In short, In brief, In a nutshell, Lastly, Finally III Kinds of Paragraphs: Các loại đoạn văn Definition Paragraph: Đoạn văn để định nghĩa vật, tượng e.g Write a paragraph giving the definition of a pest Classification Paragraph: Đoạn văn để nhóm, hay phân loại vật, tượng e.g Write a paragraph discussing two types of energy resources Description Paragraph: Đoạn văn miêu tả vật, tượng e.g Write a paragraph to talk about your most favorite subject Compare and Contrast Paragraph: Đoạn văn đề diễn tả so sanh hay tương phản vật, tượng e.g Write a paragraph comparing the weather in Vancouver and Halifax Sequence Paragraph: Đoạn văn mô tả chuỗi, hay tiến trình vật, việc e.g Write a paragraph outlining how a person becomes the prime minister Choice Paragraph: Đoạn văn mô tả chọn lựa e.g Write a paragraph stating whether you would prefer to play hockey or lacrosse Explanation Paragraph: Đoạn văn để giải thích e.g Write a paragraph explaining why so many Europeans moved to Canada during the nineteenth century Evaluation Paragraph: Đoạn văn để đánh gia vật, tượng e.g Write a paragraph evaluating whether pesticides should be used on farms IV Writing an essay: Viết luận page 134 LIEN SON HIGH SCHOOL – ENGLISH GROUP – All rights reserved! 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GIÁO ÁN CHUYÊN ĐỀ MÔN TIẾNG ANH 2016 Một luận viết dài thường gồm nhiều đoạn đoạn văn thường theo cấu trúc đoạn văn trình bày Tuy nhiên, cách viết đoạn mở đầu (introductory paragraph) đoạn kết (concluding paragraph) đặc thù sau: The introductory paragraph: Đoạn văn chủ đề • The attention getter - a sentence that gets the reader interested • The main idea - the topic or thesis of the essay • The guide/ thesis statement (the last sentence of the introductory paragraph) - a list of the points that will be discussed, thus showing the organization of the composition e.g There are many things that symbolize the Vietnamese culture Among these is the conical leaf hat, a symbol of traditional Vietnamese girls The hat is very special because of its physical features and its use - Attention getter: e.g There are many things that symbolize the Vietnamese culture - Topic/ thesis: e.g Among these is the conical leaf hat, a symbol of traditional Vietnamese girls - The guide/ thesis statement: e.g The hat is very special because of its physical features and its use Bodies: Các đoạn văn nội dung Các đoạn sau đoạn mở đầu phát triển tương ứng ý đề cập câu chủ đề luận, cách viết tuân thủ theo cách viết đoạn văn đề cập Ví dụ, phần mở trên, phần thân có đoạn: Paragraph 1: physical features Paragraph 2: its use The concluding paragraph: Đoạn văn kết Là đoạn cuối luận Thường có cách để viết đoạn kết • A summary repeats the main points of the essay • A prediction discusses what will happen in the future • An evaluation compares the main points and states what is best V Summary: Tóm lại: Structure of the Paragraph and the Essay • Main idea (topic sentence or thesis) • Support for the main idea (a number of supporting details in a paragraph or a number of paragraphs in an essay) • Conclusion (summary of the main points of support for the main idea) The writing process for the Paragraph and the Essay • First steps understanding the assignment narrowing the topic determining the writing context formulating a main idea • Generating ideas stating the main idea brainstorming freewriting listing clustering diving page 135 LIEN SON HIGH SCHOOL – ENGLISH GROUP – All rights reserved! Uncopiable! GIÁO ÁN CHUYÊN ĐỀ MÔN TIẾNG ANH 2016 • Organizing ideas Drafting Revising Editing BÀI TẬP THỰC HÀNH Exercise 73 With around 160 words, write a paragraph describing a person you admire most Your writing should include: - Who the person is? - Why you admire him or her? - How he/she affects your life and work? Exercise 74 With around 160 words, write a paragraph giving your opinions of what makes a person successful in life Your writing should include: - What success is? - The main factors that make people success? - How you think about success? Exercise 75 With around 160 words, write a paragraph giving your opinions of the benefits of being able to use English Your writing should include: - What the main benefits of being able to use English? - What the examples to illustrate your ideas? Exercise 76 With around 160 words, write a paragraph describing your homeland Your writing should include: - What your homeland is like? - What the main features of your homeland are? - How you love your homeland? Exercise 77 With around 160 words, write a paragraph describing your favorite school subject Your writing should include: - What your favorite school subject is? - Why the subject interests you? - How well you learn that subject? Exercise 78 With around 160 words, write a paragraph giving your opinions on the idea of controlling the access to electronic services Your writing should include: - How the electronic services affect people’s life? - Why the access to electronic services should be controlled? - How people control the access to electronic services? Exercise 79 With around 160 words, write a paragraph giving your opinions about the formal school education system in Vietnam Your writing should include: - How many stages there are? - The students’ ages, the length of each stage, the examination if there is? - The tuition fee or other requirements? page 136 LIEN SON HIGH SCHOOL – ENGLISH GROUP – All rights reserved! Uncopiable! GIÁO ÁN CHUYÊN ĐỀ MÔN TIẾNG ANH 2016 Exercise 80 With around 160 words, write a paragraph giving your opinions on the benefits of working for an International Organization Your writing should include: - How your life will be like when working for an International Organization? - Why you choose to work overseas? - How you realize your dream? Exercise 81 With around 200 words, write a letter to apply for an overseas university Your writing should include: - How you find the information about the university? - Why you choose to apply for that university? - What your abilities are? - Begin with “Dear Sir/ Madam”, ending with “Yours faithfully,” Exercise 82 With around 200 words, write a letter to apply for a job as a local tour guide Your writing should include: - How you find the information about the vacancy? - Why you choose to work as a tour guide? - What your abilities are? - Begin with “Dear Sir/ Madam”, ending with “Yours faithfully,” Exercise 83 The widespread use of the Internet has brought many problems What you think the main problems associated with the use of the web? What solutions can you suggest? Your writing must has a length of over 220 words and includes: - The problems related to free access to the internet? - The harmful effects of surfing websites too much and uncontrollably? - Your suggested own ideas Exercise 84 Some people believe that competitive sports, both team and individual, have no place in the school curriculum How far you agree or disagree? Your writing must has a length of over 220 words and includes: - The reasons for that you agree or disagree? - The value of your agreement or disagreement facts? - Your suggested own ideas Exercise 85 Young people are much more aware of and concerned about the issues like the environment, poverty, and animal welfare than previous generations What is your own opinion? Your writing must has a length of over 220 words and includes: - The issues and the community’s concern? - The generations’ thinking? - Your own ideas Exercise 86 It is important for travelers and business people to understand the cultures they come into contact with, however briefly What are the main advantages of doing so? What you think is the main disadvantage of doing so? Your writing must has a length of over 220 words and includes: - The importance of culture to visitors and businessmen? - The advantages and disadvantages? - Your own ideas Exercise 87 More and more city workers are deciding to live in the country and travel into work every day The result is increased traffic congestion and damage to the environment page 137 LIEN SON HIGH SCHOOL – ENGLISH GROUP – All rights reserved! Uncopiable! GIÁO ÁN CHUYÊN ĐỀ MÔN TIẾNG ANH 2016 What measures you think could be taken to encourage people not to travel much long distance into work? Your writing must has a length of over 220 words and includes: - The trend of living in the country and working in the city? - The advantages and disadvantages? - Your own ideas Exercise 88 Individuals can nothing to change society Any new developments can only be brought about by governments and large institutions How far you agree or disagree? Exercise 89 Write an essay to discuss the benefits of doing exercise Your writing must has a length of over 220 words and includes: - The importance of doing exercises? - The benefits of having a habit of taking exercise? - Your own ideas Exercise 90 Write an essay to talk about the situations and to offer the solutions to protect the wildlife from being all disappearing Your writing must has a length of over 220 words and includes: - The importance of the biodiversity? - The rights of the wildlife and measures to take to protect the environment? - Your own ideas THE END page 138 LIEN SON HIGH SCHOOL – ENGLISH GROUP – All rights reserved! Uncopiable! [...]... dependent CHUYÊN ĐỀ II: WORD CLASSES - CHUYÊN ĐỀ VỀ TỪ VỰNG Chuyên đề này cung cấp những khái niệm cơ bản nhất về từ vựng; định nghĩa, các chức năng ngôn ngữ, một số cách tạo ra từ phái sinh, các cụm từ, cụm thành ngữ, một số hình thức sử dụng đặc biệt Trên cơ sở các kiến thức cơ bản về từ vựng (Danh từ, Động từ, Tính từ, Mạo từ, Giới từ,…) để giúp có những kiến thức cơ sở về từ vựng trong tiếng Anh từ... to the count-nouns that end in “y” with its preceding consonants: Với các danh từ đếm được số ít tận cùng là ‘y’ và liền trước là phụ âm ta bỏ ‘y’ thay bằng ‘ies’ để tạo ra các danh từ số nhiều tương ứng Như bảng sau: page 13 LIEN SON HIGH SCHOOL – ENGLISH GROUP – All rights reserved! Uncopiable! GIÁO ÁN CHUYÊN ĐỀ MÔN TIẾNG ANH 2016 1 2 3 4 singular a lorry a story a lady a baby plural lorries stories... Particular senses of uncountable nouns: Một số danh từ không đếm được lại có thể sử dụng với mạo từ như danh từ đếm được trong các ngữ cố định sau: a a help: A great help to + O e.g He gave a great help to our family Computer is a great help to my work page 15 LIEN SON HIGH SCHOOL – ENGLISH GROUP – All rights reserved! Uncopiable! GIÁO ÁN CHUYÊN ĐỀ MÔN TIẾNG ANH 2016 b a relief: A relief to + V e.g That... irregular cases – Bảng các hình thức so sánh của các tính từ bất qui tắc: Adjective Comparative Superlative 1 bad worse the worst 2 clever cleverer the cleverest 3 far farther/ further the farthest/ furthest 4 good better the best 5 happy happier the happiest page 28 LIEN SON HIGH SCHOOL – ENGLISH GROUP – All rights reserved! Uncopiable! GIÁO ÁN CHUYÊN ĐỀ MÔN TIẾNG ANH 2016 6 little less the least 7 many/... The poor need support from the whole community IV Adjectival clauses: Một số các mệnh đề tính ngữ cơ bản thường gặp 1 That – clause: It be adj that - S – V e.g page 29 It is disappointed that he failed the exam LIEN SON HIGH SCHOOL – ENGLISH GROUP – All rights reserved! Uncopiable! GIÁO ÁN CHUYÊN ĐỀ MÔN TIẾNG ANH 2016 It’s better that someone should tell him 2 find/ think/ believe + that:S – V - that... the park where we first met page 35 LIEN SON HIGH SCHOOL – ENGLISH GROUP – All rights reserved! Uncopiable! GIÁO ÁN CHUYÊN ĐỀ MÔN TIẾNG ANH 2016 Note: Some adverbs share the same form with their corresponding adjectives – Một số trạng từ có hình thức giống hệt với tính từ cùng nguồn gốc với chúng Hay nói khác đi, dưới đây là bảng một số tính từ và trạng từ có chung một hình thức: adjectives adverbs adjectives... clothes 15 pants 25 shears 6 damages 16 pains (trouble, effort) 26 spirits 7 earnings 17 physics 27 stairs page 14 LIEN SON HIGH SCHOOL – ENGLISH GROUP – All rights reserved! Uncopiable! GIÁO ÁN CHUYÊN ĐỀ MÔN TIẾNG ANH 2016 8 ethics 18 pliers 28 surroundings 9 glasses 19 police 29 trousers 10 goods 20 politics 30 valuables e.g The police have asked several witnesses to prove their ideas The stairs are...GIÁO ÁN CHUYÊN ĐỀ MÔN TIẾNG ANH 2016 11 difficulty / ’difikәlti / 3 recommend / rikә’mend/ 12 difficultly / ’difikәltli / 4 comprehend / kɔmpri’hend/ Notes: chú ý: - Trên thực tế không có một qui tắc bất biến cho việc... ility ability possibility responsibility 19 al arrival refusal approval 20 y difficulty honesty accuracy page 16 LIEN SON HIGH SCHOOL – ENGLISH GROUP – All rights reserved! Uncopiable! GIÁO ÁN CHUYÊN ĐỀ MÔN TIẾNG ANH 2016 BÀI TẬP THỰC HÀNH Exercise 7: Give ONE of the derived nouns of the given words roots nouns roots 1 able 16 imitate 2 anxious 17 know 3 attract 18 like 4 announce 19 lonely 5 believe... below 1 She is a biologist She is interested in A conserves B conservancy C conservation D conservati page 17 LIEN SON HIGH SCHOOL – ENGLISH GROUP – All rights reserved! Uncopiable! GIÁO ÁN CHUYÊN ĐỀ MÔN TIẾNG ANH 2016 2 Stress and tiredness often lead to lack of _ A concentration B concentrate C concentrated D concentrator 3 Jack likes the books that he borrowed from the school library very much
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