usage: - kết quả ở mệnh đề kết quả không thể xảy ra ở quá khứ vì điều kiện ở mđ đk chỉ là giả định.. - gọi là câu điều kiện không có thực ở quá khứ.[r]
(1)TRƯỜNG THPT LIỄN SƠN – TỔ TIẾNG ANH – GIÁO ÁN CHUYÊN ĐỀ TIẾNG ANH KHỐI 10 PHẦN I PHONETICS – STRESS – TRỌNG ÂM Buổi - Bài PRONUNCIATION – ĐỌC PHIÊN ÂM - (ÔN TẬP) A NHỮNG QUI TẮC CƠ BẢN VỀ CÁCH PHÁT ÂM Để phát âm tiếng Anh tương đối chuẩn, các nhà chuyên môn đã nghĩ hệ thống ký hiệu phiên âm, để người đọc dựa vào đó mà đọc cho dễ Phiên âm quốc tế hiệp hội Phiên âm Quốc Tế đặt gọi tắt là I P A đã Bộ Giáo Dục Việt Nam dùng cách chính thức các sách giáo khoa B BỘ KÝ HIỆU PHIÊN ÂM QUỐC TẾ I NGUYÊN ÂM (VOWELS) [i] âm có từ sit, hit [ɔ:] âm có từ floor, four [i:] âm có từ seat, leave [ʊ] âm có từ put [e] âm có từ bed, get [ʊ:] âm có từ blue [æ] âm có từ map, have, bank, back [ʌ] âm có từ but, cup [a:] âm có từ far, car, star [/∂/] âm có từ again, obey [ɔ] âm có từ not, hot [ɜ:/ ∂:] âm có từ fur Ghi chú: Dấu [:] là ký hiệu cho ta biết từ phải đọc kéo dài Dấu [:] đặt sau nguyên âm nào thì nguyên âm đó phải đọc kéo dài II NGUYÊN ÂM ĐÔI (DIPH THONGS) [ei ] âm có từ : lake, play, place [ai ] âm có từ : five, hi, high [ɔi] âm có từ : boy [aʊ ] âm có từ : now, how [∂ʊ ] âm có từ : nose, so [i∂] âm có từ : near, hear [e∂] âm có từ : hair, pair [u∂] âm có từ : sure, poor III NGUYÊN ÂM BA (TRIPTHONGS) [ai∂] âm có từ : fire, hire [ei∂] âm có từ : player [au∂] âm có từ : flour, sour IV PHỤ ÂM (CONSONANTS) [ŋ]: âm có từ : long, song [h]: âm có từ : hat, hot [ð]: âm có từ : this, that, then [t]: âm có từ : tea, take [k]: âm có từ : cat, car []: âm có từ : thanks, think [∂]: âm có từ : usual [∫]: âm có từ : should, sure [z]: âm có từ : zero [t∫]: âm có từ : change, chin [g]: âm có từ : game, get [d∂]: âm có từ : just [ju:]: âm có từ : tube, huge [r]: âm có từ : red, read [s ]: âm có từ : sorry, sing [l]: âm có từ : well, leader Chú ý: Những ký hiệu [w] và [ju:] không còn coi là phụ âm mà coi là bán nguyên âm Có cách viết âm u: [u] [ʊ] Exercise 3/30 I only recognized him when he came into the light Not until he came into the light did I recognize him That rumor about the politician and the construction contract is absolutely false There is(absolutely) no truth in that rumor about the politician and the construction contract One runner was too exhausted to complete the last lap of the race One runner was so exhausted (that) he couldn’t/was unable to complete the last lap of the race My mother was the most warm-hearted person I’ve ever known I’ve never known a more warm-hearted person than my mother (was) They never made us anything we didn’t want to We were never made to anything we didn’t want to The only thing that prevented the passing of the bill was the death of the Prime Minister Had it not been for the death of the PM the bill would have been passed/got through It is quite pointless to complain There’s no point in complaining - KẾT THÚC BUỔI - SOẠN & GIẢNG DẠY BỞI GV ĐỖ BÌNH, binhbac72@gmail.com, www.violet.vn/quocbinh72 trang 1/37 Lop10.com (2) TRƯỜNG THPT LIỄN SƠN – TỔ TIẾNG ANH – GIÁO ÁN CHUYÊN ĐỀ TIẾNG ANH KHỐI 10 Buổi - Bài CÁCH PHÁT ÂM CỦA MỘT SỐ NGUYÊN ÂM VÀ PHỤ ÂM Nguyên âm “A” 1.1: A đọc là [æ] Trong từ âm tiết, tận cùng là hay nhiều phụ âm Examples: Lad [læd]: trai Dam [dæm]: đập nước Fan [fæn]: cái quạt Map [mæp]: đồ * Trong âm tiết mang trọng âm từ nhiều âm tiết và đứng trước PÂ Examples: Candle [`kændl]: nến Captain [`kæpt∂n]: đại uý, Calculate [`kækjuleit] : tính Unhappy [ʌn`hæpi]: bất hạnh 1.2: A đọc là [ei] Trong từ âm tiết có tận cùng là: A+ PÂ+ E Examples: Bate [beit] : giảm bớt Cane [kein] : cây gậy Late [leit] : muộn Fate [feit] : số phận * Trong tận cùng ATE động từ Examples: To intimate [`intimeit]: cho hay To deliberate [`dilibreit]: tính kỹ càng * Trong âm tiết trước tận cùng -ION và -IAN Examples: Nation [‘nei∫∂n]: quốc gia Translation [træns`lei∫∂n] : bài dịch Preparation [prep∂`rei∫∂n] : chuẩn bị Asian [`ei∫∂n] : Người châu á * Ngoại lệ: Companion [k∂m`pænj∂n] : bạn đồng hành Italian [i`tælj∂n] : Người Italia Librarian [lai`bre∂ri∂n] : thủ thư Vegetarian [ved∂i`te∂ri∂n] : Người ăn chay 1.3: A đoc là [ɔ:] Trong từ âm tiết tận cùng là “LL” Examples: All [ɔ:ll] : tất Call [kɔ:ll] : goi điện Tall [tɔ:ll] : cao lớn Small [smɔ:ll]: nhỏ nhắn 1.4: A đọc là [ɔ] (Ngoại lệ: way [wei] : đường Waste [weist] : lãng phí) * Trong âm tiết có trọng âm từ , từ âm tiết bắt đầu W Examples: Was [wɔz] : to be Want [wɔnt] : muốn Wash [wɔ∫] : tắm rửa Watch [wɔt∫] : xem 1.5: A đọc là [a:] Tận cùng R R+ PÂ âm tiết từ A đúng trước R+ PÂ Examples: Bar [ba:] : chấn song Far [fa:] : xa xôi Star [sta:] : ngôi Barn [ba:n] :vựa thóc Harm [ha:m] : tổn hại Charm [t∫a:m]: quyến dũ Departure [di`pa:t∫∂] : khởi hành Half [ha:f] : nửa 1.6: A đọc là [e∂] Trong số từ có tận cùng là ARE (* Ngoại lệ: are [a:]) Examples: Bare [be∂] : trơ trụi Care [ke∂] : cẩn then Dare [de∂] : dám Fare [fe∂] : tiền vé Ware [we∂] : hàng hoá Prepare [pri`pe∂]: chuẩn bị 1.7:A đọc là [i] Trong tận cùng - ATE tính từ Examples: Itimate [`intimit]: mật thiết Animate [`ænimit]: linh hoạt, sống động Delicate [`delikit]: tế nhị, mỏng mảnh * Trong tận cùng - AGE danh từ âm tiết Examples: Village [`vilid∂]: làng quê Cottage [`kɔtid∂] : nhà tranh Shortage [`∫ɔ:tid∂]: tình trạng thiếu hụt Damage [`dæmid∂] : thiệt hại Courage [`kʌrid∂]: lòng can đảm Luggage [`lʌgid∂] : hành lý 1.8: A đọc là [∂] Trong âm tiết không có trọng âm Examples: Aain [∂`gein] : lại, lần Balance [`bæl∂ns] :sự thăng Explanation [ekspl∂`nei∫∂n]: giảI thích Capacity [k∂`pæs∂ti] : lực Cách đọc nguyên âm “E” 2.1: E đọc là [e] (Ngoaị lệ: Her [h∂:] : cô Term [t∂:m] : học kỳ) * Những từ âm tiết tận cùng hay nhiều PÂ(trừ R).Hoặc âm tiết có trọng âm từ Examples: Bed [bed] : giường Get [get] : lấy, tóm Met [met] : gặp gỡ Them [ðem] : họ Debt [det] : món nợ Send [send] : gửi SOẠN & GIẢNG DẠY BỞI GV ĐỖ BÌNH, binhbac72@gmail.com, www.violet.vn/quocbinh72 trang 2/37 Lop10.com (3) TRƯỜNG THPT LIỄN SƠN – TỔ TIẾNG ANH – GIÁO ÁN CHUYÊN ĐỀ TIẾNG ANH KHỐI 10 Member [`memb∂] :thành viên November [no`vemb∂]: tháng 11 2.2: E đọc là [i:] Khi đứng liền trước tận cùng PÂ+ E và từ be, she, he, me Examples: Cede [si:d] : nhượng Scene [si:n] : phong cảnh Complete [k∂mpli:t] : hoàn toàn Benzene [ben`zi:n] : chất benzen 2.3: E đọc là [i] Trong tiền tố BE, DE, RE Examples: Begin [bi`gin]: bắt đầu Become [bi`kʌm] : trở thành Decide [di`said] : định Return [ri`t∂:n] : trở Remind [ri`maid] : gợi nhớ Reorganize [ri`ɔ:g∂naiz] : tổ chức lại 2.3: E đọc là [∂] Examples: Silent [`sail∂nt]: yên lặng Open [`oup∂n] : mở Chicken [t∫ik∂n]: thịt gà Generous [`d∂en∂r∂s] : hào hiệp Exercise 4/30 You can’t possibly expect me to have supper ready by o’clock (question) There is no question of supper being ready by o’clock It is my opinion that there is no advantage in further discussion (see) As far as I can see, there is no advantage in further discussion Please excuse Jane’s poor typing She’s only been learning for a month (allowances) Please make allowances for Jane’s poor typing; she’s only been learning for a month There is no way that young man can achieve success in this test (bound) That young man is bound to fail in this test Although the dog appeared harmless, it was, in fact, quite dangerous (contrary) Contrary to (its) (harmless) appearance, the dog was in fact quite dangerous If Smith hadn’t broken his leg, he would have played football for England (represented) If Smith hadn’t broken his leg, he would have represented England This hotel is inaccessible in winter (possible) It’s not possible to get to/to reach this hotel in winter As far as I know he is still working in Bristol (knowledge) To (the best of) my knowledge, he is still working in Bristol KẾT THÚC BUỔI Buổi - Bài PRONUNCIATION – ĐỌC PHIÊN ÂM - (ÔN TẬP) Cách đọc “AI” 3.1: AI đọc là [ei] * Khi AI đứng trước PÂ trừ R Examples: Mail [meil] : thư từ Sail [seil] : bơi thuyền Wait [weit] : chờ đợi Said [seid] : say Afraid [∂`freid]: e sợ Nail [neil] : móng 3.2: AI đọc là [e∂]: * Khi đứng trước R Examples: Air [e∂] : không khí Fair [fe∂] : bình đẳng Hair [he∂] : tóc Pair [pe∂] : cặp đôi Chair [t∫e∂] : ghế tựa Cách đọc “AU” 4.1: AU đọc là [ɔ:] * Trong hầu hết các từ chứa AU Examples: Fault [fɔ:lt] : lỗi lầm Launch [lɔ:nt∫] : hạ thuỷ Audience [`ɔ:di∂ns]: khán giả Daughter [`dɔ:t∂] : gái 4.2: AU đọc là [a:] Trong số từ mà ta phải ghi nhớ Examples: Aunt [a:nt] : cô, dì thím mợ Laugh [la:f] : cười Cách đọc “AW” * Tất các từ chứa AW thường đọc là [ɔ:] Examples: law [lɔ:] : luật pháp Draw [drɔ:] : kéo, lôi, vẽ Crawl [krɔ:l] : bò, bò lê Dawn [dɔ:n] : bình minh Cách đọc “AY” AY thường đọc là [ei] hầu hết các từ chứa AY Examples: Clay [klei] : đất sét Day [dei] : ngày Play [plei] : chơi, kịch Tray [trei] : khay Stay [stei] : lại Pay [pei] : trả SOẠN & GIẢNG DẠY BỞI GV ĐỖ BÌNH, binhbac72@gmail.com, www.violet.vn/quocbinh72 trang 3/37 Lop10.com (4) TRƯỜNG THPT LIỄN SƠN – TỔ TIẾNG ANH – GIÁO ÁN CHUYÊN ĐỀ TIẾNG ANH KHỐI 10 * Ngoại lệ cần ghi nhớ: Quay [ki:] : bến cảng Mayor [me∂] : thị trưởng Papaya [p∂`pai∂] : đu đủ Cách đọc “EA” 7.1: EA đọc là [e] Trong các từ : Head [hed] : đầu, đầu não Bread [bred] : bánh mì Breath [bre] : thở Breakfast [`brekf∂st]: bữa ăn sáng Steady [`stedi]: vững chắc, đều Jealous [`d∂el∂s] : ghen tuông Measure [`meʒ∂] : đo lường Leather [`leðə] :da thuộc Pleasure [`pleʒə]: niềm vui, niềm vinh hạnh 7.2: EA đọc là [i:] Trong các từ như: East [i:st] : phương đông Easy [i:zi] : dễ dàng Heat [hi:t] : sức nóng Beam [bi:m] : tia sáng Dream [dri:m] : giấc mơ Breathe [bri:ð] : thở, thổi nhẹ Creature [`kri:t∫ə]: tạo vật, người 7.3: EA đọc là [ə:] Trong các từ như: Learn [lə:n] : học Earth [ə:] : trái đất Heard [hə:d] : quá khứ hear Earn [ə:n] : kiếm sống Pearl [pə:l] : viên ngọc 7.4: EA đọc là [eə] Trong các từ như: Bear [beə] : gấu Pear [peə] : lê Tear [teə] : xé rách Wear [weə] : mặc Swear [sweə] : thề 7.5: EA đọc là [iə] Trong các từ như: Tear [tiə]: nước mắt Clear [kliə] : rõ ràng Beard [biə:d] :râu 7.6: EA đọc là [ei] Trong các từ như: Great [greit]: vĩ đại, to lớn Break [breik] : làm vỡ Steak [steik] : lát mỏng Exercise 5/30 The workers only called off the strike after a new pay offer Only after a new pay offer did the workers call off the strike He was sentenced to six months in prison for his part in the robbery He received a sentence of six months for his part in the robbery You can eat as much as you like for 5$ at the new lunch-bar There is no limit/restriction to how much you eat at the new lunch-bar She wore a hearing-aid, even though she could hear the phone ring perfectly well She wasn’t so deaf/hard of hearing that she couldn’t hear the phone You will never meet anyone more generous than Mrs Jones Mrs Jones is the most generous person you will/could ever meet/ (be likely) to meet My parents let me go abroad alone for the first time last year I was allowed to go abroad alone for the first time last year It was his incompetence which led to their capture If he hadn’t been so incompetent they wouldn’t have been captured I’m certainly not going to give you any more money I have no intention of giving you any more money KẾT THÚC BUỔI Buổi - Bài PRONUNCIATION – ĐỌC PHIÊN ÂM - (ÔN TẬP) Cách đọc “EE” 8.1: EE đọc là [i:] Trong các từ như: see [si:]: trông, they Free [fri:] : tự Heel [hi:l] : gót Cheese [t∫i:z] : phó mát Agree [ə`gri:] : đồng ý 8.2: EE đọc là [iə] Khi EE đứng trước tận cùng R từ Examples: Beer [biə] : bia rượu Cheer [t∫iə] : vui vẻ Deer [diə] : nai Career [kə`riə]: nghề nghiệp Cách đọc “EI” 9.1: EI đọc là [i:] Trong các từ như: Ceiling [`si:li] : trần nhà SOẠN & GIẢNG DẠY BỞI GV ĐỖ BÌNH, binhbac72@gmail.com, www.violet.vn/quocbinh72 trang 4/37 Lop10.com (5) TRƯỜNG THPT LIỄN SƠN – TỔ TIẾNG ANH – GIÁO ÁN CHUYÊN ĐỀ TIẾNG ANH KHỐI 10 Deceive [disi:v]: lừa đảo Receipt [ri`si:t] : giấy biên lai 9.2: EI đọc là [ei] Trong các từ như: Eight [eit] : số Weight [weit] : trọng lượng Freight [freit] : hàng hoá trên tàu Neighbour [`neibə]: hàng xóm * Trong các từ như: Other [`aiðə]: cáI này hay cáI Height [hait] : chiều cao 9.3: EI đọc là [eə] Trong các từ như:: Heir [eə] : người thừa kế Their [ðeə] : họ 9.4: EI đọc là [e] Trong các từ như:: Leisure [`leʒə] : nhàn rỗi Heifer [`hefə]: bò nái tơ 10 Cách đọc “EX” 10.1: EX đọc là “eks” Khi EX là âm tiết mang trọng âm: Examples: exercise [`eksəsaiz] : bài tập Excellent [`eksələnt]: tuyệt hảo 10.2: EX đọc là “iks” * Khi EX là âm tiết không mang trọng âm, đứng trước PÂ: Examples: Explain [iks`plein]: giảI thích Experience [iks`piəriəns] : kinh nghiệm Experiment [iks`perimənt]: thí nghiệm Expensive [iks`pensiv] : đắt đỏ 10.3: EX đọc là “igz” EX là âm tiết không mang trọng âm, đứng trước nguyên âm âm H câm Examples: Examine [ig`zæmin]: sát hạch, kiểm tra Existence [ig`zistəns]: hữu Exhibit [ig`zibit] : trưng bày, triển lãm Exhausted [ig`zɔ:stid] : kiệt sức 11 Cách đọc “EY” 11.1: EY đọc là “ei” Trong các từ như: They [ðei] : họ Prey [prei] :cầu nguyện Grey [grei] : xám Obey [`bei] : vâng lời 11.2: EY đọc là “i:” Trong các từ như: Money [`mni:] : tiền Storey [`stɔri:] : tầng, lầu Key [ki:] : chìa khoá Exercise 6/30 I don’t think there will be any applicants for this post (likelihood) There is little/no likelihood that there will be applicants for this post It was difficult for Susan to believe the good news (hardly) Susan could hardly believe the good news You must make allowances for his inexperience (account) You must take his experience into account/ You must take account of his experience This contract is not binding until we both sign it (bound) Neither (one) of us is bound by this contract until we both sign it He wasn’t to blame for the accident (fault) The accident was not his fault You shouldn’t take his help for granted (assume) You should /do not assume (that) he will help you KẾT THÚC BUỔI Buổi - Bài RULES TO MARK STRESS – QUI TẮC ĐÁNH TRỌNG ÂM I Definitions: Phoneme: The smallest part of sound (vowel and consonant sounds) Âm tố - là thành phần nhỏ âm (gồm nguyên âm và phụ âm) Syllable: The sound made when one or clusters of phoneme are articulated Âm tiết – là tiếng phát nhiều âm tố phát âm Stress: The degree of the loudness or prominence with which a sound ort a word is pronounced Độ lớn hay thống trị âm âm tiết chùm âm từ (có từ hai âm tiết trở lên) đọc, nói hay phát âm II Rules to mark stress: SOẠN & GIẢNG DẠY BỞI GV ĐỖ BÌNH, binhbac72@gmail.com, www.violet.vn/quocbinh72 trang 5/37 Lop10.com (6) TRƯỜNG THPT LIỄN SƠN – TỔ TIẾNG ANH – GIÁO ÁN CHUYÊN ĐỀ TIẾNG ANH KHỐI 10 Di-syllable words: a Usually on the second syllable if it is a verb whose second syllable doesn’t contain the vowel sounds of /ə/, /I/, and /əu/, on the first syllable of the other words (trọng âm thường rơi vào âm tiết thứ động từ - trừ các âm tiết thứ chứa nguyên âm /ə/, /I/, /əu/, rơi vào âm tiết thứ các từ loại còn lại) As: mother, ready, color, palace, student, teacher, tonight, afraid, people, money, enjoy, paper, begin, provide, summer, abroad, noisy, success, enter,… b Usually on the root syllables with words having suffixes or prefixes (đối với từ có mang tiền tố, hậu tố, trọng âm thường rơi vào âm tiết gốc) As: become, react, foretell, unpleasant, begin, failure, threaten, daily, treatment, ruler, unknown, builder, lately, quickly,… c Be careful with words with different word-class (đối với từ mà thân có nhiều chức từ vựng ta áp dụng qui tắc a) As Verb Other words Verb Other words Verb Other words rebel rebel record record conflict conflict progress progress export export permit permit suspect suspect conduct conduct PRACTICE EXERCISE - BÀI TẬP THỰC HÀNH Find the one whose stress pattern is different from the others of the same group A paper B tonight C lecture D story A money B army C afraid D people A enjoy B daughter C provide D decide A begin B pastime C finish D summer A abroad B noisy C hundred D quiet A passion B aspect C medium D success A exist B evolve C enjoy D enter A doctor B modern C corner D Chinese A complain B machine C music D instead 10 A writer B baker C builder D career 11 A provide B adopt C happen D inspire 12 A result B region C river D robot 13 A constant B basic C irate D obvious 14 A become B carry C appoint D invent 15 A engine B battle C career D rabies Exercise 1/30 We couldn’t have managed without my father’s money If it hadn’t been for my father’s money, we couldn’t have managed I had only just put the phone down when the boss rang back Hardly had I put the phone down when the boss rang back It was Walter Raleigh who introduced potatoes and tobacco into England The English owe the introduction of potatoes and tobacco to WR “If my members agree to that, I’ll be very surprised,” said the union delegate The union delegate observed that he would be very surprised if his members agreed While I strongly disapprove of your behavior, I will help you this time Despite my strong disapproval of your behavior, I will help you this time I’m sorry I missed Professor Baker’s lecture I’m sorry not to have heard/attended Pro Baker’s lecture We may not be able to give the concert The concert may have to be cancelled I was not surprised to hear that Harry had failed his driving test It came as no surprise to me that Harry had failed his driving test - KẾT THÚC BUỔI - Buổi - Bài RULES TO MARK STRESS – QUI TẮC ĐÁNH TRỌNG ÂM SOẠN & GIẢNG DẠY BỞI GV ĐỖ BÌNH, binhbac72@gmail.com, www.violet.vn/quocbinh72 trang 6/37 Lop10.com (7) TRƯỜNG THPT LIỄN SƠN – TỔ TIẾNG ANH – GIÁO ÁN CHUYÊN ĐỀ TIẾNG ANH KHỐI 10 Words with more than two syllable: a Usually on the 3rd syllables from the end (trọng âm thường rơi vào âm tiết thư ba kể từ âm tiết cuối): As family, cinema, regular, singular, international, satisfactory, recognize, demonstrate, qualify, psychology, biologist, biology, democracy, responsibility… b Usually on the 2nd syllables from the end with words ending in “ian”, “ic”, “ience”, “ient”, “al”, “ial”, “ual”, “eous”, “ious”, “iar”, “ion”(đối với các từ có tận cùng đã liệt kê, trọng âm thường rơi vào âm tiết liền trước các tận cùng này – thứ kể từ âm tiết cuối) As: physician, experience, expedient, parental, essential, habitual, courageous, delicious, familiar,… (Except for: Television) c Usually on the suffixes “ese”, “ee’, “eer”, “ier”, “ette”, “oo”, “esque” (đối với các từ có tận cùng liệt kê, trọng âm thường rơi vào chính các âm tiết chứa các tận cùng này) As: Portuguese, refugee, employee, engineer, volunteer, adequate, picturesque, cigarette,… PRACTICE EXERCISE - BÀI TẬP THỰC HÀNH Find the one whose stress pattern is different from the others of the same group A interesting B surprising C amusing D successful A understand B engineer C benefit D Vietnamese A applicant B uniform C yesterday D employment A dangerous B parachute C popular D magazine A beautifully B intelligent C redundancy D discovery A comfortable B employment C important D surprising A variety B irrational C industrial D characterize A colorful B equality C dictionary D vegetable A elegant B regional C musical D important 10 A difference B suburban C internet D character 11 A beautiful B effective C favorite D popular 12 A attraction B government C borrowing D visit 13 A difficulty B individual C population D unemployment 14 A biology B redundancy C interviewer D comparative 15 A conversation B isolation C traditional D situation Notes: - Trên thực tế không có qui tắc bất biến cho việc xác định vị trí trọng âm từ - Việc xác định trọng âm cần thực cùng cách phát âm, dựa nhiều vào kinh nghiệm - Những bài tập cung cấp là bài tập có tần suất sử dụng lớn để soạn đề thi Exercise 2/30 John inflated the tyres of his bicycle (blew) John blew up the tyres of his bicycle We’d better leave them a note, because it’s possible they’ll arrive later (case) We’d better leave them a note in case they arrive later Before he came here he worked for Mr Smiths (previous) Before the came here, his previous boss/employer was Mr Smiths He speaks German extremely well (command) He has an excellent command of German His criticisms are quite unfair (justification) There is no justification for his criticisms I can’t understand why they are reluctant to sign the contract (baffled) I am baffled by their reluctance to sign the contract I always find chess problems like that quite impossible (defeat) Chess problems like that (always) defeat me! This must be kept secret (know) You mustn’t let anyone (else) know (this) I can’t afford a new dress, that old blue one will have to (make) I can’t afford a new dress I’ll (have) to make with that old blue one Buổi - Bài PHẦN II TENSES – ÔN TẬP VỀ NGỮ PHÁP SOẠN & GIẢNG DẠY BỞI GV ĐỖ BÌNH, binhbac72@gmail.com, www.violet.vn/quocbinh72 trang 7/37 Lop10.com (8) TRƯỜNG THPT LIỄN SƠN – TỔ TIẾNG ANH – GIÁO ÁN CHUYÊN ĐỀ TIẾNG ANH KHỐI 10 I The simple present tense: The form (+) S + V (-) S + don’t/ doesn’t + V (?) Do/ Does + S + V? The usage: - To denote actions that happened repeatedly (She never comes late) - To denote long lasting events.(We live in Concord street) - To denote a true fact (The earth moves around the Sun) The recognition: - now/ nowadays/ today/ this summer/… - always/ usually/ often/ sometimes/ occasionally/… - the proof of constant truth Notes: - To denote a plan/ prediction/ timetables/… (The train leaves at 9.00) - The division of “be”, “have”, “can, may, must”,… II The present progressive tense: The form: (+) S + am/ are/ is + V-ING (-) S + am/ are/ is + not + V-ING (?) Am/ Are/ Is + S + V-ING? The usage: - To denote happening actions at the time of speaking (She is teaching Maths) - To denote the intention/ prediction/ plan/…(She is coming soon) The recognition: - now/ right now/ at present/ at this time/ at this moment/… - follow a command, request,… Notes: - The ING-forms ( getting, running, having, writing, dying, lying,…) - The omission of the verbs of awareness or sensation as: be/ see/ hear/ understand/ know/ like/ want/ glance/ feel/ think/ smell/ love/ hate/ realize/ seem/ remember/ forget/…( use the simple present instead ) III The present perfect tense: The form: (+) S + have/ has + P.P (P2) (-) S + haven’t/ hasn’t + P.P (P2) (?) Have/ Has + S + P.P (P2) The usage: - To denote actions that happened in the past but having results, relating, or still happening at present (We have lived here since 1990) - To denote actions that happened right before the time of speaking, using “just” (She has just come from New York) - To denote unfulfilled actions with “yet” (He hasn’t come yet) - To denote past actions; no certain time expression, using “already” (We have already seen that film) The recognition: - just = recently = lately - ever/ never (comments) - already/ yet/ since/ for/ so far/ until now/ up to now (present) Notes: - Past participles: (regular verbs adding “ed”./ irregular verbs “learn by heart”) - The differences between the present perfect and the simple past tense - The present perfect progressive is used to denote past actions “happening”, or “will happen The tense is often related to the verbs: live/ learn/ wait/ work/ study/… →“S + have/ has + been + V-ING” IV The simple past tense: The form: (pV = the past form of verbs) (+) S + Pv (-) S + didn’t + V (?) Did + S + V? The usage: - To denote a finished past action (We went to the park together) - To report past events, past habits, or long lasting action in the past (She did all the work yesterday./ We used to sit next to each other.) The recognition: - last week/ month/ year/… - yesterday/ ago/ in 1969/ in the past/… Notes: - The past form of the verbs: ( regular “V-ED”/ irregular (2nd column in the irregular verbs list)) - “ED” pronunciation /id/; /t/; /d/ V The past progressive tense: The form: (+) S + was/ were + V-ING (-) S + was/ were + not + V-ING (?) Was/ Were + S + V-ING? The usage: - To denote past happening actions (She was watching T.V at 8.00 last night) - To denote past interrupting actions (She was watching T.V when I came) The recognition: - at 8.00 last night/ at that time/ at that moment/… SOẠN & GIẢNG DẠY BỞI GV ĐỖ BÌNH, binhbac72@gmail.com, www.violet.vn/quocbinh72 trang 8/37 Lop10.com (9) TRƯỜNG THPT LIỄN SƠN – TỔ TIẾNG ANH – GIÁO ÁN CHUYÊN ĐỀ TIẾNG ANH KHỐI 10 - time clause with “when”, “while = as” Notes: - actions that alternatively happened, use the simple past only (When I heard a knock at the door, I came to open it When I opened the door, I saw my mum.)- this is a timed action VI The past perfect tense: The form: (+) S + had + P.P (P2) (-) S + (hadn’t) + P.P (P2) (?) Had + S + P.P (P2)? The usage: - To denote past finished actions that happened and finished before a certain point of time or another past event (the past of the past tense) e.g: She had sold all the baskets before 9.00 yesterday She had sold all the baskets when we came there yesterday The recognition: - when-clause/ after/ before/ already/ since/ for/… - The past perfect progressive “S + had been + V-ING” VII The simple future tense: The form: (+) S + will/ shall + V (-) S + will/ shall + V (?) Will/ Shall + S + V? - “shall” is restrictedly used only for I/We with the formal senses - The negative forms “will not = won’t”, “shall not = shan’t” The usage: - To denote future actions (They will build more hospitals) - To denote future plan/ idea/ timetable/…(The car will start in-time) The recognition: - someday, tomorrow,…/ - next week/ month/ year/ Notes: “shan’t” is not used in conditional sentences./ “shall” is used as a suggestion/ invitation/… Exercise 7/30 Our hotel booking hasn’t been confirmed We haven’t received confirmation of/about our hotel booking (yet) The sales man told me that my new car would be delivered next Wednesday According to the salesman my new car would/will be delivered next Wednesday The Yeti has very rarely been seen at this altitude There have been very few sightings of the Yeti at this altitude It’s not certain that Jones will get the job It is open to question (as to) whether Jones will get the job Everyone started complaining the moment the announcement was made No sooner had the announcement been made than everyone started complaining As I get older, I want to travel less The older I get the less I want to travel A house in that district will cost you at least 100,000$ You won’t be able to buy/get a house in that district for less than/under $100.000 Alan worked too hard at the office, and this led to his illness Alan’s illness was caused by/ due to/the result of his working too hard at the office KẾT THÚC BUỔI Buổi - Bài PHẦN II TENSES – ÔN TẬP VỀ NGỮ PHÁP VIII Various forms of the future tenses: The future progressive tense: 1.1 The form: (+) S + will be + V-ING (-) S + won’t be + V-ING (?) Will + S + be + V-ING? 1.2 The usage: - To denote timetables/ intentions/ plans/… using “at” e.g: She will be watching T.V at 8.00 tonight We will be staying at REX hotel at 5.00 next Sunday’s morning - To show the future happening actions with “when” Eg She will be sitting at the gate when we come tomorrow The future perfect tense: 2.1 The form: (+) S + will have + P.P (P2) (-) S + won’t have + P.P (P2) (?) Will + S + have + P.P? SOẠN & GIẢNG DẠY BỞI GV ĐỖ BÌNH, binhbac72@gmail.com, www.violet.vn/quocbinh72 trang 9/37 Lop10.com (10) TRƯỜNG THPT LIỄN SƠN – TỔ TIẾNG ANH – GIÁO ÁN CHUYÊN ĐỀ TIẾNG ANH KHỐI 10 2.2 The usage: - To denote planned actions with “by”, “by the time”, “by then” e.g: She will have finished the course by the next Friday/ by then - To show a future schedule-finished action e.g: The bridge will have been used by the next Autumn Other forms: a The simple present tense: To denote a timetable, or a plan… e.g: A: When does he leave? B: He leaves tonight b The present progressive: To denote an intention e.g: A: When are you leaving? B: I am leaving this afternoon c The “be + going to inf” form: To denote an intention or a near future action, an arrangement e.g: She is going to celebrate her 34th birthday They are going to get married NOTES: CHÚ Ý THE SEQUENCES OF TENSES Main clause Subordinate clause - simple present tense./ - present perfect tense Simple present tense - present progressive tense./ - simple future tense - “be going to V” form./ - simple past tense (certain point of past time) - simple past tense./ - past progressive tense - past perfect tense./ - “would + V” form Simple past tense - “be going to + V” past form./ - simple present tense (showing the truth) Present perfect tense Simple present tense Past perfect tense Simple past tense ADVERBIAL CLAUSES Main clause Adverbial clauses (of time) Present tenses Present tenses When/ whenever/ as/ while/ before/ after/ as soon as/… Past tenses Past tenses When/ while/ as/ till/ until/ just as/ since/… Future tenses Present tenses No sooner than/ hardly…when/ as long as/… Exercise 8/30 Mr Bill managed to repair the garage roof only because his neighbor helped him (without) Without the help of his neighbor, Mr Bill would/could not/never have repaired the garage roof Nobody is infallible (mistakes) We all make mistakes/ Everyone makes mistakes/Everyone can make mistakes The last Olympic Games were held in Seoul (took) The last Olympic Games took place in Seoul He talked about nothing except the weather (sole) His sale topic/subject of conversation was the weather In the end, I felt I had been right to leave the club (regrets) I had no regrets about/on/over leaving the club in the end It is stupid of you to refuse Richard’s offer of a loan (idiot) You are an idiot to refuse Richard’s offer of a loan The company has decided to replace this model (intention) It’s the company’s intention to replace this model In the next few years we’ll probably hear a lot more about environmental pollution (likely) We’re likely to hear a lot more about environmental pollution in the next few years KẾT THÚC BUỔI PHẦN III PHRASES VS CLAUSES – CỤM TỪ & MỆNH ĐỀ Buổi - Bài SUBORDINATE CLAUSES WITH CONJUNCTIONS – MĐ PHỤ VỚI LIÊN TỪ The implication: not only _, but also = not only , but _ as well Hoặc: Subject + not only + verb + but also + verb L-u ý: sau but also/ sau not only Eg He is not only handsome but also talented./ Beth plays not only the guitar but also the violin tinh từ tinh từ danh từ danh từ SOẠN & GIẢNG DẠY BỞI GV ĐỖ BÌNH, binhbac72@gmail.com, www.violet.vn/quocbinh72 trang 10/37 Lop10.com (11) TRƯỜNG THPT LIỄN SƠN – TỔ TIẾNG ANH – GIÁO ÁN CHUYÊN ĐỀ TIẾNG ANH KHỐI 10 He writes not only correctly but also neatly./ Maria excels not only in mathematics but also in science Adv adv ngừ giới từ ngừ giới từ Paul Anka not only plays the piano but also composes music động từ động từ b As well as Eg subject + verb + as well as + verb Robert is talented as well as handsome./ Beth plays the guitar as well as the violin tinh từ tinh từ danh từ danh từ He writes correctly as well as neatly / Marta excels in mathematics as well as in science Adv adv ngừ giới từ ngừ iới từ Paul Anka plays the piano as well as composes music động từ động từ c Both and Eg Robert is both talented and handsome./ Beth plays both the guitar and the violin tinh từ tinh từ danh từ danh từ He writes both correctly and neatly./ Marta excels both in mathematics and in science Adv adv ngừ giới từ ngừ giới từ Paul Anka both plays the piano and composes music động từ động từ The norminal clause: Mệnh đề danh từ (tương ứng danh từ, có thể làm S, C, O câu) a That – clauses: Theo sau các động từ có ý giải thích với that, có thể đảo lên đầu câu làm chủ ngữ Eg The reason she left was that she dissatisfied with her work = That she dissatisfied with her work was the reason she left b Wh – clauses: Đây là hình thái mệnh đề danh từ khá phổ biến, thường theo sau các ngoại động từ, ngoại động từ đa, đặc biệt cấu trúc câu gián tiếp Eg He didn’t know what to first They told them how to deal with the problem Ha asked where he was going She wanted to know what time the next train arrived c Whether/ if – clauses: Dùng với cấu trúc câu hỏi nghi vấn câu gián tiếp Eg She asked if I could answer the phone They wanted to know whether the train was any late Exercise 9/30 Keeping calm is the secret of passing your driving test As long as you (can) keep/stay calm, you will/should/ought to pass your driving test Immediately after his appointment to the post, the new editor fell ill No sooner had he been/was he appointed to the post than the new editor fell ill The protest has been so vociferous that the committee has had to reconsider There has been such a vociferous protest that the committee has had to reconsider You think that fat people are always jolly but you are wrong Contrary to your belief/opinion, fat people are not always jolly My boss works better when he’s pressed for time The less time my boss has, the better he works The patient recovered more rapidly than expected The patient made a more rapid/a quicker/faster recovery than expected There isn’t a pair of thermal socks left in the shop, Madam We are completely (sold) out of thermal socks, Madam Their chances of success are small It is not very) likely (that) they will succeed KẾT THÚC BUỔI Buổi 10 - Bài PHRASES AND CLAUSES OF PURPOSE – CHỈ MỤC ĐÍCH The phrases of purpose: to V/ so as to V/ in order to V và dạng phủ định S + verb + to/ so as/ in order (not) + to verb = To/ so as/ in order (not) + to verb, S + verb SOẠN & GIẢNG DẠY BỞI GV ĐỖ BÌNH, binhbac72@gmail.com, www.violet.vn/quocbinh72 trang 11/37 Lop10.com (12) TRƯỜNG THPT LIỄN SƠN – TỔ TIẾNG ANH – GIÁO ÁN CHUYÊN ĐỀ TIẾNG ANH KHỐI 10 Eg To be better at English, he attended an evening class = He attended an evening class to be better at English In order to be better at English, he attended an extra-class He attended an extra-class so as to be better at English The clause of purpose with “so/ therefore” S + V, so S + V hay S + V, therefore S + V Eg It rained so heavily, so we cancelled the trip He learned hard, therefore he got better and better grades REWRITE SENTENCES “ Why don’t you put better lock on the door, Barbara”? said John => John suggested Although his both legs were broken, he managed to get out of the car before it exploded => Despite his I haven’t eaten this kind of food before => This is the first The architect has drawn plans for an extension to the house => Plans It isn’t necessary for you to finish by Saturday => You “ How many survivors are there?”, asked the journalist => The journalist wanted to know It was such rotten meat that it had to be thrown away => The meat was It is essential that Professor Van Helsing is met at the airport => Professor Van Helsing You can’t visit the USA unless you have a visa => If you 10 “ Can I borrow your typewriter, Janet”? asked Peter => Peter asked if 11 She started working as a secretary five years ago => She has 12 She knows a lot more about it than I => I don’t know 13 My French friend finds driving on the left difficult => My French friend isn’t 14 They think the owner of the house is abroad => The owner 15 We didn’t go on holiday because we did not have enough money => If we 16 The children couldn’t go swimming because the sea was rough => The sea was too 17 The mechanic serviced my car last week => I 18 I’m always nervous when I travel by air => Travelling 19 He couldn’t afford to buy the car, => The car 20 “Why don’t you put your luggage under the seat?” he asked => He suggested 21 Although he had a good salary, he was unhappy in his job => In spite of 22 I’m sorry I missed your birthday party SOẠN & GIẢNG DẠY BỞI GV ĐỖ BÌNH, binhbac72@gmail.com, www.violet.vn/quocbinh72 trang 12/37 Lop10.com (13) TRƯỜNG THPT LIỄN SƠN – TỔ TIẾNG ANH – GIÁO ÁN CHUYÊN ĐỀ TIẾNG ANH KHỐI 10 => I wish 23 They haven’t cleaned the streets this week => The streets 24 Apples are usually cheaper than oranges => Apple are not 25 I advice you to put your money in the bank => You’d KẾT THÚC BUỔI 10 Buổi 11 + 12 - Bài PHRASES AND CLAUSES OF CONCESSION – NHƯỢNG BỘ Phrases of concession with: despite / in spite of Despite/ In spite of + danh từ/ ngữ danh từ Eg Despite his physical handicap, he has become a successful businessman In spite of his physical handicap, he has become a successful businessman Jane will be admitted to the university despite her bad grades Jane will be admitted to the university in spite of her bad grades Clauses of concession with: although, even though, though Although/ Though/ Even though S + V, S + V = S + V although/ though/ even though S + V Eg Although he has a physical handicap, he has become a successful businessman Jane will be admitted to the university even though she has a bad grades Eg He promised to call me, but till now I haven’t received any call from him, though In spite of the bad weather, we are going to have a picnic The child ate the cookie even though his mother had told him not to Although the weather was very bad, we had a picnic The committee voted to ratify the amendment despite the objections Though he had not finished the paper, he went to sleep She attended the class although she did not feel alert Clauses of concession with: despite/ in spite of the fact that Despite/ In spite of + the fact that S + V S + V =S + V despite/ in spite of + the fact that S + V Note: In spite of the fact that the weather is bad, we are going to have a picnic The child ate the cookie despite the fact that his mother had told him not to Exercise 10/30 Their problems are all self-inflicted (making) Their problems are all of their own making The travel agent was able to offer a 50% reduction on holidays to the Costa Brava (half) The travel agent was able to offer half-price holidays to the Costa Brava If you take that job, you’ll have to get up at a.m every morning (mean) Taking that job will mean (that) you’ll have to get up at 6a.m every morning The only thing they could was to look for a new flat (alternative) They had no alternative but to look for a new flat His last letter to me was written three years ago (heard) I haven’t heard from him for years/I last heard from him years ago If only one could rely on what she says (pity) It’s a pity (that) one/we cannot rely on what she says An open fire can’t be compared to central heating (comparison) There is no comparison between an open fire and central heating I remember very few things about my childhood (scarcely) I can scarcely remember anything /a thing about my childhood KẾT THÚC BUỔI 12 Buổi 13 - Bài CÂU ĐIỀU KIỆN – CONDITIONAL SENTENCES I CÂU ĐIỀU KIỆN CƠ BẢN – MAIN FORMS: (gồm loại) CÂU ĐIỀU KIỆN LOẠI 1: (CONDITIONAL SENTENCES TYPE 1- REAL CONDITION) SOẠN & GIẢNG DẠY BỞI GV ĐỖ BÌNH, binhbac72@gmail.com, www.violet.vn/quocbinh72 trang 13/37 Lop10.com (14) TRƯỜNG THPT LIỄN SƠN – TỔ TIẾNG ANH – GIÁO ÁN CHUYÊN ĐỀ TIẾNG ANH KHỐI 10 a form: If S – V(hiện tại), S will V = S will V if S – V(hiện tại) b usage: - kết mệnh đề kết có thể xảy hay tương lai - gọi là câu điều kiện có thực c examples: - If it stays nice, we will go out = We will go out if it stays nice d notes: Unless = If not - If you don’t study harder, you will fail the exam = Unless you study harder, you will fail the exam - He will fail the exam unless he is more industrious = He will fail the exam if he isn’t more industrious CÂU ĐIỀU KIỆN LOẠI 2: (CONDITIONAL SENTENCES TYPE 2- UNREAL PRESENT CONDITION) a form: If S – V(quá khứ/ riêng với to be = were với chủ ngữ), S would V b usage: - kết mệnh đề kết không thể xảy vì điều kiện mđ đk là giả định - gọi là câu điều kiện không có thực c examples: - If it were nice, we would go out = In fact, it is not nice so we don’t go out anymore d notes: có thể đảo were lên đầu thay cho if -If I were ten years younger, I would marry her = Were I ten years younger, I would marry her CÂU ĐIỀU KIỆN LOẠI 3: (CONDITIONAL SENTENCES TYPE 3- UNREAL PAST CONDITION) a form: If S had P.P, S would have P.P b usage: - kết mệnh đề kết không thể xảy quá khứ vì điều kiện mđ đk là giả định - gọi là câu điều kiện không có thực quá khứ c examples: - If it hadn’t been for your help, we would not have overcome those problems = In fact, we overcame those problems, thanks to your help d notes: có thể đảo had lên đầu thay cho if -If I had been there, I would have helped her = Had I been there, I would have helped her BÀI TẬP THỰC HÀNH If I a lot of money now, I a new car A have/will buy B have / would buy C had/ will buy D had/ would buy If I you, I that A am/ will B were/would C were/ will D had been/ would C would take D would have taken C had refused D would refuse If I were offered the job, I think I it A take B will take I would be very surprised if he A refuses B refused Many people would be out of work if that factory down 10 11 12 13 14 A closes B had closed C closed If she sold her car, she much money A gets B would get C will get They would be disappointed if we A hadn’t come B wouldn’t come C don’t come Would John be angry if I his bicycle without asking? A take B took C had taken She terrible upset if I lost this ring A will be B would be C were If someone in here with a gun, I would be very frightened A would walk B walks C had walked What would happen if you to work tomorrow? A don’t go B didn’t go C won’t go We‘ll get wet if we out A go B did go C went If I go shopping, I some food A buy B will buy C would buy If I find it, I you A will tell B would tell C had told D would close D would have got D didn’t come D would take D had been D walked D wouldn’t go D had gone D would have bought D told SOẠN & GIẢNG DẠY BỞI GV ĐỖ BÌNH, binhbac72@gmail.com, www.violet.vn/quocbinh72 trang 14/37 Lop10.com (15) TRƯỜNG THPT LIỄN SƠN – TỔ TIẾNG ANH – GIÁO ÁN CHUYÊN ĐỀ TIẾNG ANH KHỐI 10 15 What would you if you a million dollars? A would win B win C had won D won KẾT THÚC BUỔI 13 Buổi 14- Bài CÂU ĐIỀU KIỆN – CONDITIONAL SENTENCES Dùng “or else”/ “otherwise”/ “or” Examples: - Cut your hair, or they won’t let you in (= If you don’t cut your hair, they won’t let you in, Unless you cut your hair, they won’t let you in) - Cut your hair, otherwise they won’t let you in (= If you don’t cut your hair, they won’t let you in, Unless you cut your hair, they won’t let you in) Special uses of “if” clauses – Một số cách sử dụng mệnh đề “If” If you will /would Eg If you would wait a moment, I will see if Mr John is here I would be very grateful if you will/ would make an arrangement for me If you could + verb in simple form Eg If you could fill in this form If you could open your books If + S + will / would Eg If he will (would) listen to me, I can help him If + S + will Eg If you will learn English this way, a failure for TOFEL test is sure awaiting you If + S +should Eg If you shouldn’t know how to use this TV set, please call me up this number If you should have any difficulties while doing these exercises, please feel free to ask me Eg Should you have any difficulties while doing these exercises, please feel free to ask me Should it be cloudy and gray, the ground hog will supposedly wander around for food - a sign that spring is near Special conditions: even if + negative verb You must go tomorrow even if you aren’t ready Whether or not + positive verb He likes watching TV whether or not the show is god unless + positive verb = if not If you don’t start at once, you will be late = You will be late unless you start at once But for that + unreal condition Her father pays her fees, but for that she wouldn’t be here ( but she is here) present would V My car broke down, but for that I could have come in time past would have V-ed otherwise + conditional sentence Her father pays her fees, otherwise she couldn’t be here present would V I used a computer, otherwise it would have taken longer past would have V-ed Provided/ providing (that) You can camp here provided (that) you leave no mess Suppose/ supposing ? = what if ? Suppose the plane is late? = what will happen if the plane is late? What if I’mor If only + simple present / will V = hope that s will v SOẠN & GIẢNG DẠY BỞI GV ĐỖ BÌNH, binhbac72@gmail.com, www.violet.vn/quocbinh72 trang 15/37 Lop10.com (16) TRƯỜNG THPT LIỄN SƠN – TỔ TIẾNG ANH – GIÁO ÁN CHUYÊN ĐỀ TIẾNG ANH KHỐI 10 If only he comes in time / If only he will head your advice If only + simple past/ past perfect = wish that If only he didn’t smoke (but he doesn’t) If only she had come in time (but she didn’t) if only + would verb - khi, mong Mixed conditions: Câu điều kiện hỗn hợp đăc biệt a For a true action: Với khả thực tế, câu mệnh lệnh Eg If she comes, call me (= Maybe she is coming or she has promised to come) If the weather stays fine, we can arrive on time (= The weather is now fine and there’s no sign of the bad changes) b For a suggestion: Với lời đề nghị, khuyên răn Eg If she comes, you should call me (= I suggest calling me when she comes) You’d better cancel the project if it is possible (= It’s best for you to cancel the project) c For a present subjunction but past unfulfilled result Với giả định mà kết không thể xảy quá khứ Điều giả định này luôn đúng Eg If I were you, I would have agreed with him yesterday (The action hadn’t been done in the past but the subjunction is at present Mãi mãi tôi không thể là cậu được, đây là thực tế nên không cần chuyển điều kiện quá khứ hoàn thành) c For a past subjunction but present unfulfilled result Với giả định quá khứ mà kết không thể xảy tai Điều giả định này coi là quá khứ quá khứ, kết là phi lý Eg If I had been there last time, I would agree to lend him the money (The action hasn’t been done up to now, this is only my regret Sự tiếc nuối tôi nghe bạn thuật lại vụ việc giả định tôi rơi vào hoàn cảnh quá khứ, kết này đã không xảy trước đó Give the correct form of verbs in these sentences If Jonathan met his uncle yesterday, he (know) the truth about his parents Supposed that there (be) no money, how would people live? He will be playing in the garden with his friends now if he (finish) _his work His parents (not be) disappointed if he had passed the entrance examination I (buy) a new house if I have much money next year Providing that he didn't tell lie, many friends (believe) in him Linda will go to visit Vietnam next year on condition that she (save) now Our life (be) improved unless there were no technological development If you has been learning English for a long time, you (communicate) with the foreigners 10 If Jimmy went to Moscow last week, he (visit) many famous sight-seeings 11 Unless he was not working at midnight yesterday, he (sleep) now 12 He prepared for his exam very carefully Otherwise, he (not, pass) that important exam 13 He finished his home assignment If not, the teacher (be) very angry 14 Were he to remember her birthday, she (not, say) goodbye to him 15 Should you work hard, you (not, succeed) 16 I have to inform him the news If not, he (be) very bad-tempered 17 John would have been staying with us this month if he (not, have) a bad quarrel with my younger brother 18 Had she returned home from her business trip, she (visit) me tomorrow 19 The temple would be in better condition now on condition that it (rebuild) _ for many years ago 20 If my father went to Manchester last week, he (visit) Real next week KẾT THÚC BUỔI 14 Buổi 15 - Bài PHRASES AND CLAUSES OF REASON – NGUYÊN NHÂN, LÍ DO Because/ because of - Because Because S + V, S+ V = S + V because S + V - Because of SOẠN & GIẢNG DẠY BỞI GV ĐỖ BÌNH, binhbac72@gmail.com, www.violet.vn/quocbinh72 trang 16/37 Lop10.com (17) TRƯỜNG THPT LIỄN SƠN – TỔ TIẾNG ANH – GIÁO ÁN CHUYÊN ĐỀ TIẾNG ANH KHỐI 10 Notes: because of + danh từ/ cụm danh từ Jan was worried because it had started to rain = Jan was worried because of the rain Subject verb noun The students arrived late because there was a traffic jam verb subject The students arrived late because of the traffic jam noun phrase We have to cut down on our driving because there is an oil shortage verb subject We have to cut down on our driving because of the oil shortage noun phrase Special verbs a have/ get / make to have sb st = to get sb to st e.g Mary had John wash the car (John washed the car) Mary got John to wash the car (John washed the car.) to have / get st done Eg Mary got the car washed (The car was wash by somebody.) Mary had the car washed (The car was wash by somebody.) I have the laundry washed (the laundry is washed by someone) to want / like something done Eg - What you want done to your motorbike? - I’d like it repaired and cleaned - I want it repaired and cleaned to make sb st = to force sb to st Eg The robber forced the teller to give him the money = The robber made the teller give him the money to make sb st = to cause st +P2 Eg Working all night on Friday made me tired on Saturday The hurricane caused many water front houses damaged b to make sb / st + adjective Eg Wearing flowers made her more beautiful to find + sb/ sth + adjective (P1- P2) Eg I found her quite interesting to talk to My sister found snakes frightening We found the boy frightened c Let let sb st = to allow/ permit sb to st Eg John let his daughter swim with her friends (John allowed his daughter to swim with her friends.) (John permitted his daughter to swim with her friends.) The teacher let the students leave class early./ The policeman let the suspect make one phone call Dr Jones is letting the students hand in the papers on Monday Mrs Binion let her son spend the night with a friend./ We are going to let her write the letter Mr Brown always lets his children watch cartoons on Saturday mornings d Help to help sb do/ to st Eg John helped Mary wash the dishes Jorge helped the old woman with the packages (to) find a taxi The teacher helped Carolina find the research materials Eg This wonderful drug helps (people to) recover more quickly Eg The body fat of the bear will help (him to) keep him alive during hibernation Exercise 11/30 SOẠN & GIẢNG DẠY BỞI GV ĐỖ BÌNH, binhbac72@gmail.com, www.violet.vn/quocbinh72 trang 17/37 Lop10.com (18) TRƯỜNG THPT LIỄN SƠN – TỔ TIẾNG ANH – GIÁO ÁN CHUYÊN ĐỀ TIẾNG ANH KHỐI 10 The rail workers not intend to call off their strike The rail workers have no intention of calling off their strike Mrs Scott is proud of her cooking Mrs Scott prides herself on her cooking/on being a good cook It was the goalkeeper who saved the match for us If it hadn’t been for the goalkeeper we could/would have lost the match It wasn’t a bit surprised to hear that Karen had changed her job It came as no surprise (to me) (to hear) that Karen had changed her job You can try to get Tim to lend you his car but you won’t succeed There’s no point in) (you/your) trying to get Tim to lend you his car/to borrow Tim’s car John didn’t celebrate until he received the offer of promotion in writing Not until John (had) received the offer of promotion in writing did he celebrate I don’t really like her, even though I admire her achievements Much as I admire her achievements, I don’t really like her It’s thought that the accident was caused by human error The accident is thought/believed to have been caused by human error KẾT THÚC BUỔI 15 Buổi 16 - Bài COMPARISON – SO SÁNH Các cấp so sánh thông dụng với tính từ và trạng từ: (so sánh bằng, hơn, nhất) 1.1 Positive degree: so sánh as + adjs + as Eg: - She is as tall as my wife - Peter was as hard-working as I was (me) 1.2 Comparative degree: so sánh 1.2.1 Monosyllable-adjectives: với tính từ đơn âm tiết adjs-ER + than Eg: - Lan is shorter than Na - She was better at English than we were (us) 1.2.2 Multisyllable-adjectives: với tính từ đa âm tiết more + adjs + than Eg: - She was more hard-working than us - We are more intelligent than him 1.3 Superlative degree: so sánh 1.3.1 Monosyllable-adjectives: với tính từ đơn âm tiết the adjs-EST Eg: - Nam is the best in our class - She was the kindest lady I’ve ever met 1.3.2 Multisyllable- adjectives: với tính từ đa âm tiết the most + adjs Eg: - Sharol was the most intelligent in my group - She is the most hard-working girl I’ve ever known Notes: For adjectives ending in “er”, “y”, “ly”, or the irregular cases: Adjective Comparative Superlative Adjective Comparative Superlative clever cleverer the cleverest bad worse the worst pretty prettier the prettiest far farther/ further the farthest/ furthest happy happier the happiest little less the least silly sillier the silliest man / much more the most good better the best old older/ elder the oldest/ eldest 1.4 Parallel: so sánh song song và so sánh thăng tiến - “The… the”: The older she gets, the wiser she become - And: It’s getting darker and darker She has now more and more free time - Gerunds/ infinitives: Riding a horse is not as easy as riding a bike It’s nicer/ better/ more fun to go with someone than to go alone 1.5 Like/ alike: Tom is very like Bill Tom and Bill are alike 1.6 Like/ as: He swims like a fish You look like a ghost Do as I told you 1.7 Like + N/ as + N: He worked like a slave (He worked very hard/ He wasn’t a slave) He worked as a slave (He was a slave in fact) 1.8 The adjectives: The rich, the poor,… Practice test: Sarah is at chemistry than Susan SOẠN & GIẢNG DẠY BỞI GV ĐỖ BÌNH, binhbac72@gmail.com, www.violet.vn/quocbinh72 trang 18/37 Lop10.com (19) TRƯỜNG THPT LIỄN SƠN – TỔ TIẾNG ANH – GIÁO ÁN CHUYÊN ĐỀ TIẾNG ANH KHỐI 10 A good B well C better D best I don’t work so hard my father A so B as C than D more Sam is the student in my class A tall B most tall C taller D tallest No one in my class is beautiful her A as/as B more/as C as/than D the/more Going by train isn’t convenient as going by car A so B as C more D A & B are correct The test is not difficult it was last month A as / as B so / as C more / as D A & B are correct Peter usually drives Mary A more fast B fast than C faster than D B & C are correct She cooked than you A well B more good C better D more well This film is interesting than that film A most B less C as D so 10 My salary is his salary A high B more high C higher than D more higher than 11 He works we A harder B as hard as C harder D so hard as 12 No one in this class is Jimmy A so tall as B tall than C the tallest D more tall than 13 Apples are usually oranges A cheap than B more cheap C the cheapest D cheaper than 14 I know him than you A better B more well C good D the best 15 you are, you concentrate A Tired/the least hard B The more tired/the harder C The tireder/the harder D The tired/the harder KẾT THÚC BUỔI 16 Buổi 17 - Bài SUBJUNCTIVE CLAUSES – GIẢ ĐỊNH The use of “as if/ as though” a The present sense: S + verb (simple present) + as if/ as though + S + verb (simple past) Eg The old lady dresses as if it were winter even in the summer (It is not winter.) giả định quá khứ Angelique walks as though she studied modelling (She didn’t study modelling) giả định quá khứ He acts as though he were rich (He is not rich) giả định quá khứ b The past sense: S + verb (simple past) + as if/ as though + S + verb (past perfect) Eg Betty talked about the contest as if she had won the grand prize (She didn’t win the grand prize.) Past simple past perfect Jeff looked as if he had seen a ghost (She didn’t see a ghost.) Past simple past perfect He looked as though he had run ten miles (He didn’t run ten miles.) Past simple past perfect The use of with and hope: Eg I hope that they will come ( I don’t know if they are coming.) SOẠN & GIẢNG DẠY BỞI GV ĐỖ BÌNH, binhbac72@gmail.com, www.violet.vn/quocbinh72 trang 19/37 Lop10.com (20) TRƯỜNG THPT LIỄN SƠN – TỔ TIẾNG ANH – GIÁO ÁN CHUYÊN ĐỀ TIẾNG ANH KHỐI 10 We hope that they came yesterday ( We don’t know if they came.) a The future sense: Would / could + verb or were + Ving S+ wish + (that) + S* + could/ would/ were + verb/ Ving Eg We wish that you could come to the party tonight (You can’t come.) I wish that you would stop saying that (You probably won’t stop.) She wish that she were coming with us ( She is not coming with us.) b The present sense: S + wish + (that) + S* + verb in simple past Eg I wish that I had enough time to finish my homework ( I don’t have enough time.) We wish that he were old enough to come with us ( He is not old enough.) They wish that they didn’t have to go to class today ( They have to go to class.) c The past sense: S + wish + (that) + S + past perfect/ could have + P2 Eg I wish that I had washed the clothes yesterday ( I didn’t wash the clothes yesterday.) She wish that she could have been there ( She couldn’t be there.) We wish that we had had more time last night ( We didn’t have more time.) Notes He wished that he could come to the party next week quá khứ giả định quá khứ tương lai The photographer wished that we stood closer together than we are standing now quá khứ Eg giả định quá khứ to wish somebody something I wish you a happy birthday Exercise 12/30 Some people say that Tsiolkovsky invented the space rocket (credited) Tsiolkovsky is/has been credited with the invention of the space rocket I daren’t turn on the TV because the baby might wake up (fear) I daren’t turn on the TV for fear of waking up the baby Some people will anything to lose weight (lengths) Some people will any/great lengths to lose weight The two theories appear to be completely different (common) The theories (appear to) have (got) nothing in common/no common ground Several members of the committee said they were worried about the chairman’s proposals (concern) Several members of the committee expressed concern about/at/over the chairman’s proposal The river Volta overflowed last year (burst) The river Volta burst its banks last year He doesn’t appreciate his wife (granted) He takes his wife for granted The number of people out of work has been going down little by little (gradual) There has been a gradual decrease/decline/fall in the number of people out of work KẾT THÚC BUỔI 17 Buổi 18 - Bài SUBJUNCTIVE CLAUSES – GIẢ ĐỊNH Một số động từ dùng dạng giả định To hear To hear O something O doing something To watch To watch To see To see eg I didn’t hear the telephone ring OR I didn’t hear the telephone ringing advise decree move propose Require demand ask order recommend stipulate command insist prefer request suggest/urge or SOẠN & GIẢNG DẠY BỞI GV ĐỖ BÌNH, binhbac72@gmail.com, www.violet.vn/quocbinh72 trang 20/37 Lop10.com (21)