Tín ngưỡng thờ cúng tổ tiên ở việt nam xưa và nay (NXB chính trị 2013) nguyễn đức lữ, 182 trang

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HAI YEN T3R RQCr^RQ cane TQ ran IT VIET NAM XITA VA NAY (HOI • DAP) 3.39 Ma so: CTQG -2013 NHA XUAT B A N CHINH TRj QUOC GIA - SI/THAT Hd No!-2013 L d l N H A X U A T BAN T i n ngUdng t h d c u n g to t i e n la m o t p h o n g tue truyen t h o n g , CO v i t r f h e t stie dae b i e t t r o n g dcii s o n g t i n h t h a n eua d a n toe V i e t N a m , la m o t t r o n g eae t h a n h to tao n e n b a n sSc v a n boa V i e t N a m T i n n g U d n g t h d e i i n g to t i e n r a t g i a n d i : t i n r S n g to t i e n m i n h l a t h i e n g l i e n g , h o d i vao eoi v i n h h S n g n h U n g v a n s o n g e a n h eon e h a u , ho p h u ho eho c h a u k h i gap t a i aeh k h o k h a n ; v u i miTng k h i e h a u gap m a y mSn, k h u y e ' n khi'ch cho eon e h a u k h i gap d i e u l a n h va eQng q u d t r a c h eon e h a u k h i l a m nhiSng d i e u t o i l o i T r a i q u a bao t h a n g t r ^ m b i e n c6' eiia l i c h s i i n h i f n g t i n n g U d n g t h d c i i n g to t i e n v l n c h i e m v i t r i t h i e n g l i e n g t r o n g ddi song t i n h t h a n ciia ngqoi Vi et C u n g vdi t i e n t r i n h lich sii cua d a n toe, no la sU b o i l a n g , k e t t u n h i J n g gia t r i dao d i i e q u y b a u c i i a eon n g U d i V i e t N a m D e g i i i p n g U d i doc h i e u b i e t sau sSc h d n ve l o a i h i n h t i n n g U d n g t r u y e n tho'ng n a y , N h a x u a t b a n C h i n h t r i quoc gia S u t h a t x u a t b a n cuo'n sach Tin ngiidng Viet Nam cua PGS xUa va (Hoi - dap) thd cung to tien TS N g u y e n d Dxic LQ v a T h S N g u y e n T h i H a i Y e n Cuo'n sach dUde t r i n h b a y diJcii d a n g h o i - d a p , c u n g cap nhuing kien thu'c cd ban ve t i n ngUdng thd cung to tien, i\i viec giai nghia cac khai niem cd ban n h u thd, cung, khan, v a i den viec di sau phan tich y nghia, each thiic tien hanh cac nghi thiic thd ciing to tien, gop phan t r i va phat t r i e n t r u y e n thong "Uo'ng nxidc nhd nguon", t i n h co ket cong dong ngiidi Viet L I M6 D A U X i n t r a n gicii thieu cuo'n sach cting ban doc Thdng3 nam 2013 N H A X U A T B A N C H I N H T R I QUOC G I A - STJ T H A T M o i k h i tet den xuan ve, ngifdi Viet N a m du di dau, ci dau Cling luon hiJdng ve que hiidng, x i i sd - ndi chon cat ro'n, ndi nuoi difdng t i n h cam gia dinli, ho toe, xom lang H i n h anh lang que v6i cay da ben midc, ngoi dinh ehila dUng biet bao ky niem ve mot thdi eua n h i i n g vung que em a Bu eho qua t r i n h t h i hoa dang lam mat dan nhiJng liay tre lang, nhUng d l gi pha huy diJde nhuing net dep van hoa truyen thong ma ngan ddi ong eha ta da day eong v u n d^p; ngifde lai, trU6e Ian song "xam lang van hoa" hien nay, eang kich thich them kha nang phue hoi nhiJng net dep t r u y e n thong de tang "sile de khang" eho van hoa dan toe, CO t i n ngUdng thd cung to tien O nU6e ta da va dang dung difdng he thong t i n ngiidng dan gian rat phong phii, da dang, n h i i n g tieu bieu hdn ea la t i n ngiidng thd eiing to tien Loai h i n h t i n ngiidng ton tai va phat t r i e n d nhieu cong dong dan toe, t r a i dai qua n h i i n g thdi ky lieh sii Doi v6i ngiidi Viet, thd eiing to tien da c6 t i i lau ddi song t i n h than, n h i i n g k h i Nho giao vao nii6c ta, v6i t i i tiidng x e m chvi h i e u l a n e n t a n g eua q u a n ben o n g ba cha me, c h a u don ddi m o t nam gia m i a n l a n h va t h i n h vvfdng K h o n g k h i dau dinh, t h i t i n n g i i d n g t h d e u n g to t i e n da difde n a n g len ap v d i b i e t bao Idi c h i i c t o t dep d a u n a m da tCfng n u o i de c a o dao gia d i n h , g i a toe, l y l a m n g i X d i v a coi m o t t a m cao g i d i l a t r u cot xuan diJdng va n h e n n h o m n h i i n g b y v o n g cho bao m6i D a n h g i a ve g i a t r i v a y n g h i a c i i a t i n n g i i d n g t h d c u n g t o t i e n , N g h i q u y e t so - N Q / T W , n g a y 12-3-2003 ciia B a n Chap h a n h T r u n g vfdng D a n g chi r o : " G i i i g i n nam the r o i t r d t h a n h d o n g luc t i n h t h a n t r o n g m o i a'm he, ngiJdi t r e n buf6c d i i d n g d d i T h d Cling to t i e n k h o n g c h i difdc t h e h i e n d n h i i n g v a p h a t huy n h i i n g g i a t r i t i c h ciic c u a t r u y e n t h o n g t h d n g i i y gio, t e t le h o i ma dien t r o n g nhiing Cling t o t i e n , t o n v i n h n h i i n g n g i i d i c6 c o n g v i To quo'c t r i i d n g hdp b a t t h i i d n g C-hAng b a n k h i v u i l i i c b u o n g i a c h i i c i i n g c6 le v a t k i n h bao to l i e n d e c h i a v u i , se va n h a n dan'" O Viet Nam, h a u n h u 100% t h d Cling t o t i e n ^ M o i gia dan dinh du cii giii phong giau ngheo tuc khac b u o n nhiX: s i n h d e , d a t , d U n g vd ga c h o n g cho l a p difdc c o n g d a n h con, t h a n g q u a n t i e n chiic, xay nha, c6 t a u r u o n g , k h a o v o n g h o i he, d i n h d a m H o a c l a k h i n h u c a u h u n g ve c o i n g u o n c u a m i n h de t o l o n g t r i a n buon nhiJ: om dau benh t a t l a m an t h u a t h i e t t h a t v i n h i i n g n g U d i c6 c o n g s i n h t h a n h v a n u o i d U d n g cd Id v a n , b i t r p m c U d p k i e n cao G a p n h i i n g t r i i d n g chau, ap, h d p ay, gia c h i i t h u d n g k i n h bao cku k h a n to t i e n d e khong m i i n g v u i c i i n g c h a u va p h i i ho d o t r i cho t a i q u a n h a u , d i i s i n h s o n g d q u e h i f d n g h a y x a x i i c i i n g deu CO c o n g x a y danh giac, lap diing quoc gia, nghe Ban t h d gia lap lang, khai tien - mot g i a n t h i e n g , t h d i g i a n t h i e n g ( n h a t la n g a y t e t va k y ) t h U d n g dUdc dat d v i t r i t r a n g t r o n g n h a t gio n a n khoi T i n n g i f d n g t h d c i i n g to t i e n d a ben r e a n s a u vao m o t ngoi n h a T r o n g n h i i n g Tet Nguyen dan, t i i d d i song t i n h t h a n ciia n h a n d a n t a t i i t h e he n a y s a n g g i a den t h e he k h a c N h i f n g , c6 m o t t h d i k y t h d c i i n g to t i e n t r e , tCf n a m d e n n i i , n h a n h a d e u t a p t r u n g trang tr i, bay bien quanh ban thd gia t i e n de quay c h u a diidc n h a n t h i i c dhy d i i , t h a m c h i c6 n g U d i coi l a me t i n d i d o a n T u y t h a i m o i n g i i d i m o t ve, t h i n h suy m o i t h d i m o t k h a c , s o n g l i c h s i i da c h i i n g m i n h t h d D a n g Cong san V i e t N a m : Van kien Hoi nghi Ian thil Ban Chap hanh Trung Mng khoa bay IX, N x b Chi'nh t r i quoc gia H a N o i , 2003, t r 49 X e m H o i dong L y l u a n T r u n g i l d n g : Le phdi N x b C h i n h t r i quoc gia, H a N o i , 2004, t r ciia chung ta, Cling to t i e n l a m o t t i n n g i i d n g d a n g i a n c6 siic s o n g l a u ben t r o n g ddi song t a m l i n h ciia cong d o n g n g U d i V i e t G a n day, sau n h i i n g cuoc c h i e n t r a n h kho'c l i e t kdo d a i , viec s U u t a m h a i cot, " d i t i m d o n g d o i " xay siia nghia t r a n g l i e l si, d U n g b i a t U d n g n i e m l a p b;\ t h d g i a t i e n , s i i a s a n g p h a n mo, t u bo, x a y m d i n h a Lhri ho n h U m o t p h o n g t r a o q u a n c h u n g D i e u nay, vCfa d a p l i n g n h u c a u t a r n h n h vufa t h e h i e n dao l y l a m ngUdi - n e u d m i i c p h u h d p t h i n e n k h u y e n k h i c h T h d c i i n g to t i e n k h o n g Chuang c h i C l i n g CO q u a n he h u y e t t h o n g t r o n g gia d i n h , d o n g ho m a d o n g v i e n siic m a n h d o a n k e t cong d o n g l a n g xa d a t nUdc, c i i n g t h e h i e n Udc v o n g sU b i n h y e n TON cho vA t i f n g gia d i n h l a n g x o m va ca d a n toe C u o n sach n h o q u a h i n h t h i l c h o i d a p nay, GIAO, TIN ME TIN DI I NGl/ClNG DOAN dufdc c h u n g t o i sUu t a m va h i e n soan n h ^ m c u n g cap k i e n t h i i c cd b a n ve t h d c u n g t o t i e n d V i e t N a m , n h i i n g c h i gidi h a n c h i i y e u t r d n g q u a n he h u y e t t h o n g cua d a n toe K i n h M a t k h a c , c u o n sach dUdc t r i n h b a y d\ia theo p h o n g t u c t a p q u a n t r u y e n t h o n g , cho d i i n g a y n a y da t h a y doi k h a n h i e u V i k i e n t h i i e h a n hep, c u o n sach chac c h a n k h o t r a n h k h o i t h i e u sot C h u n g t o i r a t m o n g b a n doc l U d n g t h i i v a d o n g gop y k i e n de I a n x u a t b a n sau c u o n sach diJdc h o a n t h i e n h d n C a u 1: Ton gido Tra Id gi? m- T o n g i a o l a m o t h i e n t i J d n g da c h i e u va p h i i c t a p T\i xUa d e n n a y d a c6 n h i e u ngUdi diJa r a q u a n n i e m c u a m i n h ve t o n giao T h e o I N J a b l o k o v : " C h o nam den 1992 d a c6 k h o a n g d i n h n g h i a , k h a i n i e m " t o n g i a o " v d i h a n g c h u c each t i e p c a n k h a c n h a u ( t h a n hoc, t r i e t hoc, x a h o i hoc, d a n toe hoc, t a m l y hoc, t h a n t h o a i hoc, n g o n ngi3 h o c ) ' " T h e o Tu" dien Tac gia tieng Viet t h i t o n giao dUde h i e u l a : "(1) H i n h t h a i y t h i i c x a h o i g o m n h i i n g q u a n n i e m dvfa t r e n cd sd t i n v a s i i n g b a i n h i i n g lUc l i f d n g s i e u t i i n h i e n , cho r a n g eo n h i J n g l i i c l U d n g s i e u i\l n h i e n q u y e t d i n h s o ' p h a n c i i a n g U d i , n g U d i p h a i p h u c t i i n g v a t o n t h d (2) H e thong H a V a n T a n g , T r U d n g T h i n ( C h u bien): Tin ngudng va me tin, N x b V a n hoa t h o n g t i n , H a N o i , 1999, t r 160-161 10 11 n h f l n g quan niem t i n ngUdng mot hay nhiJng vi t h a n n g i i d i v d i cac luc lu'dng sieu t\l n h i e n k h o n g t h e k i e m l i n h nao va nhi3ng h i n h t h i i c le nghi t h e h i e n sU c h i i n g b ^ n g t h a c t i e n T i n ngUdng k h o n g p h a i la n i e m t i n n o i c h u n g m a la m o t n i e m t i n dac b i e t Niem t i n c6 sung b a i ay'" C a u 2: Ban cd sd t h i n g i i d i t a t h i J d n g goi la t i n t i f d n g c h i i k h o n g goi chat ton gido la, gi? la t i n ngiidng Quan n i e m ve t i n n g U d n g c h i i y e u dUdc h i e u t h e o T r a Idi: Ve b a n c h a t t o n giao c i i n g c6 n h i c u q u a n diem khac n h a u N h i i n g ngxibi t h e o chii n g h i a Mac - Lenin cho h a i n g h i a : Theo nghia rgng, tin ngiidng phan anh n i e m t i n va sU n g U d n g mo, s u n g k i n h c i i a n g U d i r S n g ve b a n c h a t , t o n giao k h o n g c h i la h i n h t h a i y ve t h i i c xa h o i ma la m o t t h u c t h e xa h o i Vdi t i f each ngifdng gan vdi t o n giao chi n i e m t i n va sii ngiJdng la h i n h t h a i y t h i l c xa h o i , t o n giao p h a n a n h m o t each v o n g ciia h o a n g dUdng, hiJ ao h i e n thiJc k h a c h q u a n Dieu n a y nghia dUdc Ph.Angghen n e u : " N h i i n g v a o l u c l U d n g s i e u n h i e n , la m o t bo p h a n c a u t h a n h t a t ca moi ton giao c h i i n g qua c h i la stf p h a n a n h h u ao - vao t r o n g dau 6c m o t c h i i t h u y e t m o t liJc l U d n g nao hep, ngUdi vao lUc l U d n g s i e u n h i e n tin Theo t i n n g U d n g v d i n g h i a la dufc t i n , n i e m t i n C a u 4: Tin ngitdng dan gian Id gi? pho'i cuoc song h a n g n g a y cua ho; c h i la sU p h a n a n h t r o n g n h i i n g \\ic l U d n g d t r a n the da m a n g h i n h thiic T r a Idi: nhijfng \\ic l U d n g sieu t r a n the^'^ Cho den n a y , v a n chUa t i m dUdc m o t d i n h n g h i a hoan c h i n h ve t i n n g U d n g dan Id gi? Con c h i i yeu cua t o n giao cua ngUdi - ciia n h i J n g lUc liJdng d b e n n g o a i c h i C a u 3: Tin ngitdng g i a n dUdc m o i n g U d i c h a p n h a n T h a m c h i cd n g U d i p h i i n h a n t i n n g U d n g dan g i a n v a goi c h u n g l a t o n g i a o h a y dao C h i i n g t o i T r a lofi: T i n ngUdng la n i e m t i n va sU n g i f d n g mo cua cho r a n g , t i n n g i i d n g dan g i a n la m o t l o a i h i n h t i n n g i f d n g n h a n dan s a n g t a o ra, da m a n h n h a d i n h h i n h cd cau v a dUdc t r a i n g h i e m q u a l i c h s i i , p h a n a n h H o a n g Phe ( C h u bien): Tii dien tieng Viet, N x b Da N i n g - T r u n g t a r n T i f dien hoc, H a N o i - Da N f t n g , 2009, t r l PCS TS N g u y e n Dilc La ( C h u bien): Ly luan vd chinh tr.lO 12 sdch ton gido d Viet Nam, ve ton gido N x b T o n giao H a N o i 1 , ro n e t n h a t dac t r U n g c i i a v a n h o a dan toe, t r o n g no t h a m d i i d m dao l y "Uo'ng nUdc n h d n g u o n " , " A n qua nhd k e t r o n g cay", g6p p h a n c u n g c6' v a t a n g c i i d n g y thiic cong dong 13 dan C h u n g deu p h a n a n h h i e n thUc m o t each h u ao, d e u de gi a n , t i e u b i e u nhxi: t i n ngUdng t h d c u n g to t i e n , t h d M i u , c&p den luc l U d n g sie u n h i e n va cuoc s o n g s a u k h i c h e t t h d a n h h u n g d a n toe, t h d t h a n h h o a n g , t i n ngiJdng M a c d i l t i n ngUdng, t o n giao d e u p h a n a n h h U ao h i e n p h o n thuc* thUc, s o n g k h o n g v i t h e m a no t h o a t l y v d i h i e n thUc v a Viet Nam c6 n h i e u loai h i n h t i n ngUdng a n h h U d n g cua no t d i h i e n thUc k e m p h ^ n m a n h m e so C a u 5: Ton gido vd tin ngitdng khdc nhit the'ndo? v d i cac h i n h t h a i y thUc xa h o i k h a c NgUdc l a i , no c6 siic l o i cuo'n I d n do'i v d i cong d o n g xa h o i T r a Wv T o n giao k h a c t i n n g U d n g ci cho, t o n g i a o c6 giao l y v d i he t h o n g nhCing q u a n d i e m ve t h e g i d i q u a n , n h a n Cau ton 7: Tha cung to tien Id tin ngitdng hay gido? s i n h q u a n va n h f l n g t i n d i e u p h a n a n h n i e m t i n ay, c6 T r a lofi: g i a o l u a t v d i n h i J n g d i e u c a m k y , r a n d a y , c6 g i a o le T h d c u n g to t i e n l a t i n n g U d n g h a y t o n g i a o , d a n g v d i n h i i n g n g h i t h i i c t h d p h u n g , c6 t o chile giao h o i v d i CO n h i e u y k i e n t r a n h l u a n N g U d i t h i cho t h d c u n g t o doi n g u chile sSc, so' l U d n g t i n v a he t h o n g to chile t i e n l a m o t p h o n g t u c t r u y e n t h o n g , l u a t t u c ; c i i n g c6 n h a t d i n h l Con t i n n g U d n g t h i e u n h i i n g t i e u c h i t r e n m o t so' hoc c u a t o n giao hoac c6 n h U n g m i l e m d n h a t n g h i a , l a dao goc, dao n e n c i i a n g U d i V i e t T h d c i i n g t o C a u 6: Ton gido Tra vd tin ngiidng c6 vai tro g i a l a i coi t h d c u n g to t i e n l a dae t i e n : " D i c h thUc l a m o t t o n giao b a n d i a ' " C o n gi? d a n toe hoc noi t i e n g ngUdi Nga CO b i e u h i e n , cap k h a c n h a u s o n g c6 c u n g b a n c h a t - X.A Tocarev t i l l a u da dUdc t h i f a n h a n khoa hoc X e m N g u y e n D i i c L i i ( C h u bien): G6p phdn d Viet Nam, X e m H o i dong T r u n g tim hieu Ucing trinh chu nghla chi dao bien soan giao t r i n h xa hoi khoa quoc gia, H a N o i , 2002, tr.447-454 14 hoc, the k h o n g c a n p h a i c h i l n g m i n h sU t o n t a i c i i a n6 v d i t U Dang tin N x b T o n giao, H a N o i , 2005 quo'c gia cac bo m o n k h o a hoc M a c - L e n i n , t u t u d n g Ho C h i M i n h : Gido cho Vi each l a m o t h i n h t h i l c t o n g i a o r i e n g biet"^ G S dan gian nha r i n g : " S u t h d c i i n g to t i e n l a m o t h i n h t h i i c t o n g i a o , Wi: T i n ngUdng va t o n giao l a n h U n g h i e n t U d n g x a h o i ngitdng hieu N x b Chi'nh t r i Ngo Diic T h i n h ( C h u bien): Tin ngUdng ngUdng d Viet Nam, X.A Tocarev: Cdc hinh trien ciia chung, vd van hoa tin N x b K h o a hoc xa h o i , H a N o i , 0 , t r thiCc ton gido sO khai vd sU phdt N x b Chi'nh t r i quoc gia H a N o i , 1994, t r 15 Nghiem V a n t h i q u a n n i e m : " H g i h o ' n g t o n giao d a n l a m l a quci t r a c h c h a u k h i m a c l o i l a m de s o n g cho x i i n g d a n g v d i c h a o n g nhhm toe d a y l a d a o thd ciing t o t i e n " Co nhieu ngUdi c h o r;\ng: " T h d cung t o t i e n khong dep l o n g ngufdi d coi a m v a v u i l o n g ngUdi ndi diidng t h e L u c v u i , k h i b u o n , CO nhiJng giao l y thong nhat, ciing khong c6 giao h o i c h a u thiidng t h a p n e n n h a n g v d i cdi t r a u , v i nhiJng p h e p tSc nghiem ngat n h u t h u d n g thay niidc "le bac l o n g t h a n h " mdi o n g b a , t o t i e n ve de c h i i n g cac ton giao xUa v a d d a y moi niem t i n d e u mang t i n h nguyen t h u y chat phac khong thong q u a cac giao c h i i , giao l y v a t h d cung t o tien l a " t i n ngUdng b a n d i a s a u s^c'"" K h o n g i t ngifdi cho rang, t h d cung t o t i e n khong phai l a t o n giao m a l a mot loai hinh tin ngUdng h a y t i n ngiJdng d a n gian- Cau khdc 8: Tin so vdi ton ngitdng thd cung Cling g i a m , g i a i bay g i a sU, n h a m c h i a v u i , c o n g k h o D o i k h i chi la dia xoi, mieng t h i t (triidc ciing sau an), n h i i n g c i i n g t h o a m a n t i i tUdng ngUdi d a n g song D u c h i l a " h a n h p h i i c h i i ao", song ngUdi t a v ^ n c a m t h a y g i i i t r o n dao h i e u v d i ngiidi d a k h u a t v a t h a n h t h a n , a n t a m de lo t o a n cuoc s o n g t h i i d n g n h a t V i y n g h i a t r e n m a n g i i d i V i e t N a m l u o n c6 n g u y e n v o n g d u y t r i mo'i q u a n to tien c6 gi giao? T r a lori: Thd chen he v h i n h n h i i n g b e n c h a t n a y C a u 9: Thd ciing to tien dUa tren ca sd tU tudng gi? t o tien d a p ling n h u c a u t a r n l i n h d a n d a m a s a u sSc, l i n h dong m a quy c i i , ddn gian m a b e n viing K h a c v d i ton giao hien c6, t i n ngUdng khdng CO giao ly cao sieu, khong c6 t o chiic chat che, khong c6 giao luat nghiem ngat, khong c6 t h a n h diidng nguy nga, ciing khong c6 giao s i , giao c h u d a y quyen u y , khong h i i a h e n g i ve thien difdng m a ciing khong trifng phat a i d d i a nguc T o tien c h i nhac nhd, dong vien, q u a T r a lofi: N g h i t h i i c thd ciing to t i e n t h e h i e n t r o n g t a n g m a , le t e t , t r o n g i i n g x i i g i i i a n g i i d i v a n g i i d i d t r o n g gia d i n h , h o toe, x a h o i diJa v a o m o t so cd sd s a u : Mot Id, q u a n n i e m t r u y e n t h o n g c u a n g i i d i V i e t ve " s i i t i i n h i i s i i s i n h , sU v o n g n h i i s i i t o n " Hal Id, t i i t i i d n g h i e u de t r o n g K h o n g giao, n h a t l a dila vao " T h o m a i gia l i " Ba Id, dac d i e m c u a t i n n g i i d n g d a n g i a n V i e t N a m H a V a n T a n g , TrUdng T h i n ( C h u bien): Tin ngitdng vd me tin, Sdd, t r l X e m Nguyen Diic Lijf ( C h u bien): Gdp phdn tim hieu tin ngitdng dan gian d Viet Nam, Sdd 16 Boh Id, a n h hiidng s a u d a m c i i a P h a t giao P h a t giao l a t o n giao t r u y e n t h o n g c u a n g i i d i V i e t , da t o n t a i h a n g n g a n n a m t r o n g l i c h s i i d a n toe, do 17 P h a t giao t h a m t h a ' u v a i n d a u a n d a m n e t t r o n g t h o h i e u T h o M a i , ngUdi Q u y n h D o i , h u y e n Q u y n h L u u , Cling t o t i e n T r o n g n h i i n g b a i v a n c i i n g t r o n g t h d c i i n g t i n h N g h e A n O n g t i e n s i n a m 1721 ( n a m t h i i to t i e n d nxidc t a , n g i l d i t a t h a y doi k h i mc! d a u b a n g t r i e u Bao T h a i ) , l a m q u a n d e n chiic H a n l a m T h i che " N a m mo A D i D a P h a t " d a u p h a i v i d a n t r i t h a p da I a n T r o n g " T h o m a i g i a l i " c6 t r i c h d i n m o t p h a n cua t h d Cling t o t i e n v i t h d P h a t m a a i phe p h a n T r o n g " H o T h U d n g t h u g i a l i " H o T h U d n g t h u ti3c H o t h d Cling t o t i e n c6 nghi t h i i c ciing soc vong, ciing D U d n g ( - 1681) c u n g n g i f d i l a n g H o a n H a u ( n a y l a 49 n g a y , l i V u L a n d e u c6 goc til P h a t giao T o n giao Q u y n h D o i ) , t i e n si n a m t r u y e n t h o n g , t i n n g i f d n g d a n g i a n d V i e t N a m von c6 K h a n h D i i c ) , l a m q u a n d e n c h i i c T h i i d n g t h u Bo H i n h , t i n h d a n x e n , hoa d o n g n e n t r o n g t h d c i i n g t o t i e n k h o tvfcfc D u e Q u a n c6ng\ l o n g m a t a c h b a c h r o r a n g v i cac l o a i h i n h t i n ngUdng, t o n giao k h a c difdc C a u 10: "Thg C a u 12: Me tin di doan 1652 (nam thii Sy trieu Id gi? T r a Idi: mai gia li" Id gi? T h e o Tii dim tieng Viet: " M e t i n : t i n m o t each m i i T r a lofi: q u a n g vao c a i t h a n b i , vao n h i i n g c h u y e n t h a n t h a n h , Cac n g h i t h i i c t h d c i i n g t o t i e n d n u c t a cd b a n m a q u y , so m e n h D i d o a n : d i e u q u a i l a , h u y i n h o a c diia vao n h f l n g q u y d i n h cua "Tho m a i gia le" " T h o t i n n h a m n h i ma c6"l K h o n g t h e c a n cijf d l a p mai g i a l i " l a g i a le nUcic t a , c6 d i i a t h e o C h u C o n g t r i i d n g , q u a n d i e m t r i e t hoc hoac n i e m t i n r i e n g c u a g i a 16 t i i c g i a l l t h d i x i f a c i i a T r u n g Q u o c , n h i J n g tijfng n g U d i de xac d i n h l a m e t i n d i d o a n m a p h a i c a n k h o n g r a p k h u o n m a y moc t h e o k h u o n m a u c u a ho c i i v a o t r i n h v a I d i i c h x a h o i , l a y l a m m a t b a n g D i i cho g i a l i d i i d c b i e n s o a n t i f t r i e u L e d e n n a y c6 x a h o i de xac d i n h : " N h Q n g g i t r a i v i I d i i c h c t i a x a n h i e u cho da 16i t h d i , n h U n g k h i da t r d t h a n h l u a t h o i , g a y t h i e t h a i cho c h i n h n h i i n g n g U d i t i n t h e o , m e tuc, a n sau, ben r i t r o n g ddi song v a n hoa - t i n h t h a n m u o i , k h o n g p h i i h d p v i t r i n h t i e n bo c h u n g d i i d c cua n h a n d a n t h i no v i n dUdc ap d u n g p h o b i e n t r o n g xa h o i n h i n n h a n la me t i n " ^ ca n\idc, n h a t l a t r o n g t a n g l e C a u 11: Ai Id tdc gid cua "Tho mai gia le"? T r a Icfi: Tac gia cua "Tho m a i gia l i " la H o Sy T a n (1690 -1760) 18 X e m T a n V i e t : 100 dieu nen biei vephong tuc Viet Nam, Nxb V a n hoa d a n toe, H a N o i , 2009, t r 100 TO dien tieng Viet, Sdd, t r 247 X e m T a p c h i Cong sdn, so 1 , 6-1998 19 C a u 13: Quart diem cua Nhd tin di doan nhu the'nao? •- '" nicdc ta doi vdi me dong me tin di ' Nha niicfc ta da c6 nhieu van ban nham t h i i c hien chu triidng bai ir\i me t i n di doan Dieu 30, H i e n phap nam 1992 da ghi: "Nha nU6c thong nhat quan ly sU nghiep van hoa Nghiem cam t r u y e n ba t u tUdng van hoa phan dong, doi truy; bai ir\i me t i n , h u tuc" N g h i quyet so 24-NQ/TW 16-10-1990 ciia Bo C h i n h t r i , N g h i d i n h so 69 ciia Hoi dong Bo trvfdng 37-CT/TW, 2-7-1998 cua Bo C h i n h t r i neu len nguyen tSc, c h i n h sach cua Dang va Nha nii6c ta do'i vdi t o n giao la: "Hoat dong me t i n phai h i phe phan va loai bo" Ngay 19-4-1999, Chinh phu lai Nghi dinh so 26-ND/CP ve cac hoat dong ton giao, t r o n g Dieu c6 quy d i n h : " M o i h a n h v i v i pham quyen t i i t i n ngUdng, ton giao, mc: h a n h v i Idi dung t i n ngiJdng, ton giao de chong l a i N h a niidc Cong hoa xa hoi chu nghia Viet N a m , ngan can t i n l a m nghia v u cong dan, pha hoai siJ nghiep doan ket toan dan, l a m h a i den nen v a n hoa l a n h m a n h ciia dan toe va hoat dong me t i n d i doan deu b i x i i ly theo phap l u a t " T r o n g Bg hinh hoat dong ndo bi coi la hoat doan? Tralo?i: Tralofi: (nay la C h i n h phu), Dieu 5, C h i t h i so C a u 14: NhUng luat sU diidc Quo'c hoi nu6c Cong hoa xa hoi chu Dieu 247, Bo luat hinh si/ nam 1999 siia doi, bd sung nam 2009 quy dinh ve toi hanh nghe me t i n , di doan n h i i sau: NgiJdi nao dung boi toan, dong bong hoac cac h i n h thiic me t i n , d i doan khac gay hau qua nghiem hoac da bi x i i phat hanh chinh ve hanh vi hoac da bi ket an ve toi nay, chaa dUdc xoa an tich ma v i pham, t h i h i phat tien tii nam t r i e u dong den nam mifdi trieu dong, cai tao khong giam giC( den ba nam hoac phat t u tii sau thang den ba nam Ngay 12-7-2010, C h i n h p h u c6 ban h a n h N g h i d i n h so 75/2010/ND-CP "Quy d i n h xui phat v i pham h a n h chinh t r o n g hoat dong van hoa", t r o n g ci Dieu 18 quy d i n h : Phat canh cao hoac phat tien t i i 500.000 dong den 1.000.000 dong doi vdi mot cac hanh v i sau: c) Dot md tai ncfi to chiic le hoi, di tich lich sit van hod, ncfi cong cgng khdc Phat tien tijf 1.000.000 dong den 3.000.000 dong do'i vcti mot cac hanh v i sau: a) To chitc hoat dong len dong, xem boi, ggi hon, xin nghia V i e t N a m khoa X, k y hop t h i i sau thong qua xdm, xdc the, yem biia, phu chu, truyen bd sdm trg,ng ud 21-12-1999, b D i e u 247 c6 quy d i n h ve t o i h a n h cac hinh thitc khdc c6 tinh chat me tin di nghe me t i n , d i doan 20 b) Tuyen truyen me tin di doan detieu doan; thu hang md 21 giao, dan toe hoa ton giao t r d t h a n h xu hiidng ciia thdi dai nham giii "tarn can cxidc" cho van hoa tifng dan toe t h i eae loai h i n h t i n ngUdng dan gian, dien h i n h la thd cung to tien d nUdc ta se c6 t r i e n vong phuc hilng va phat trien Phu luc M O T so B A I K H A N D I E N H I N H T R O N G T I N NGl/ClNG T H O CUNG TO T I E N GIA DINH, HO T O C Co r a t n h i e u bai van k h a n t r o n g t a n g ma, gio, tet, le hoi nhU: Le k h a n lap ban t h d tang (Le T h i e t l i n h ) , Le k h a n t h a n n h a n mac tang (Le T h a n h phuc), Le k h a n doc ban dem k h i t h a n n h a n tuc trUc q u a n h l i n h ciiu (L§ Chuc thUc), L i k h a n Cao long t h a n tho cong, Le k h a n sau k h i dap xong mo (Le T h a n h phan), Le k h a n k h i rU6c anh hoac l i n h ve ve (Le H o i l i n h ) , Le k h a n Chau to, Le k h a n eung cdm (Le T r i e u t i c h dien), Le k h a n ba (Le Te ngu), Le k h a n bay (Le C h u n g t h a t ) , Le k h a n 49 (Le Tot khoc) , van k h a n gio dau (Le Tieu tifdng), v a n k h a n gi6 het (Le D a i tUdng) , van k h a n gio t h i i d n g Cac van k h a n t r d n g nhiJng tet, nhU: V a n k h a n Tet ong Tao, van k h a n 30 Tet ( L l T r i i tich), van k h a n mong Tet (Tet Nguyen dan), van k h a n Tet t h a n g gieng (Tet Nguyen 154 tieu), van k h a n Tet ram thang 155 gieng (Tet T h U d n g nguyen), van k h a n Tet r a m t h a n g b a y ( T e t T r u n g n g u y e n ) , v a n k h a n T e t r i m t h a n g 12 (Tet H a nguyen ) T r o n g cac b a i v a n k h a n , triJcfc k i a c h i i y e u theo H a n t\i, n h u ' n g h i e n n a y x u h i i d n g c h u n g la k h a n d a n g i a n t h a m c h i k h a n n o m n a ( n g h i k h a n v a y ) mien CO dUdc l o n g t h a n h t o n k i n h t o t i e n C) d a y , c h u n g t o i c h i n e u l e n m o t b a i k h a n p h o t h o n g n h a t de ban doc t h a m k h a o X i n k i n h mdi: Hien: Hien: Hien: C u n g cac v i t i e n h n h , to ba, to t h u c , t o c6 va cac v o n g l i n h p h u t h d t h e o t i e n to cCing ve h a m hUdng K i n h cao: L i e t v i t o n t h a n : Tao quan, tho cong, t h a n h sif, t i e n sU, n g i i tU gia t h a n c l i n g c h i i n g g i a m va p h u ho cho t o a n g i a diidc m o i sU y e n l a n h t o t dep B a i v a n k h a n g i o thi:fcifng Bai thi2 C a n cao!' Bai nhat: tM hoac siing hai kinh (vdi dao nhUng ngiXai dd quy y Tarn bdo Phat): H o m nay! N g a y t h a n g n a m t i i c la n a m t h i l C o n g hoa xa hoi chu nghia Viet N a m Nam mo A di dd Phat! (3 idn) V i e t N a m t u e t h i i n g a y t h a n g n a m T i n ahii: Tai: thon xa h u y e n tinh Con t r a i trUcing (hoac c h a u d i c h ton) l a v a n g t h e o m ^ u t h a n v a cac c h u , c i i n g a n h r e , c h i g a i va cac em Sinh quan: T r i i quan: T o a n gia q u y e n c i i n g n h a t t a m c u i l a y T h a n h h o a n g t r a i , g a i , d a u re, c o n c h a u n o i n g o a i k i n h l a y N a y n h a n n g a y gio c i i a da t i (hoac sdp t6i) goi la t h e o n g h i le co t r u y e n , c6 k i n h c a n s l m c a c t h i i l l v a t b a n t h o d a i vUdng, d o n g t r u i\i m e n h , t a o p h u quan, long mach chinh t h a n C h a p t a y v a i t r i i d c b a n t h d k i n h d a n g 1§ bac gom: than hUdng hoa du m a u K i n h d a n g le m o n b i e u t h i l o n g t h a n h TrLf6c l i n h v i cua: H i e n c h a n H n h X i n k i n h can t i i n g le) 156 t r i n h thiJa r a n g : (theo noi dung X e m T a n Viet (Suu tam, \\X6c dich, chinh bien): Tap van cung gia tien, Nxb V a n hoa dan toe, H a Noi, 1994, t r l 157 Tam sinh pham vat t r a u cau Trii6c l i n h vi ciia: H i e n chan l i n h Long t h a n h t a m nguyen t h i n h c^u gia tien X i n k i n h mdi: Cao tang to khao doi ben Hien: Cao tkng to ty dxldi tren tvfng ngUdi Hien: Co di t y muoi k i n h mdi Hien: Thuc ba h u y n h de qua ddi da l a u Cling cac vi tien l i n h , to ba, to thuc, to c6 va cac O ddi CO trxidc c6 sau Nay nghe chau t h i n h cau ve day vong l i n h phu thd theo tien to cung ve ham hUdng A m diidng doan t u sum vky K i n h can thua rang: L a i lam hie'n hUdng tii phu t r i Vat doi, ddi, nam ciing thang kiet; Dieu l a n h mang den, d i i mang d i Xuan tiet gan sang, dong t a n sSp het; Chau manh khoe c6 di c6 ve Chieu ba mu!di Tet, siia le t a t nien; Lam an may man moi be T r u y niem To tien, theo nhxi thUdng le; Gia d i n h yen am t h u a n hoa an khang Tue truf cad te, le bac k i n h dang; Can cao! Phil t i i u hUdng dang, le nghi t h i n h soan; Lay x i n tien l i n h chiing giam, V a n k h a n 30 T e t ( L e Trii Horn tich) nay! Ngay 30 thang Chap nam tdc la nam thii Cong hoa Xa hoi chu nghia Viet Nam T a i : th6n xa huyen t i n h Con t r a i trUdng (hoac chau dich ton) la vang theo Phu lig toan gia, t r a i gai tre gia, B i n h yen khang thai Can cao!' V a n k h a n G i a o thvfa n g o a i trdi Nam mo Ban Si/ Thick Ca Mdu Ni Phat! mau t h a n va cac chu, cung anh re, chi gai va cac em Nam mo A Di Da Phat! t r a i , gai, dau re, chau noi ngoai k i n h lay Nam mo Diidng Lai Giao Chu Di Lac Ton Phat! Nay cung thang tan goi la theo nghi le co truyen, c6 k i n h can sam cac thii le vat gom: K i n h dang le mon bieu t h i long 158 T a n Viet (SUu tam, lUdc dich, c h i n h bien): Tap van cung gia tien, Sdd, tr 35 159 K i n h l a y : D i i c dUdng l a i h a s i n h D i Lac T o n P h a t Cac H o a n g T h i e n h a u Tho chu vi ton t h a n t h u h i i d n g le v a t N g a i b a n c a n h T h a n h h o a n g chif v i d a i v i f d n g N g a i b a n x i i T h a n h n h T h d d j a N g a i d i n h P h i i c Tao q u a n Cac n g a i D i a C h u a L o n g m a c h T o n T h a n v a t a t ca cac T h a n l i n h c a i q u a n t r o n g k h u viic c o n g viec h a n h t h o n g N g i i d i n g i i d i diidc c h i i b i n h a n , t h a n g n g a y diidc h i i d n g p h a n I d i loc A m p h u - D U d n g t o n g t a m N a m tii t h a n h cao, hoc hanh tinh niJ n h i tien, thiidng mai hanh t h o n g , g i i i p dd m o i n g i i d i c u n g l a m viec p h i i c Ngu tai: P h u t t h i e n g g i a o thCfa vufa t i , n a m c u q u a d i , don Dudng khai thai, van tifdng canh t a n N a y N g a i T h a i tue chi diic t o n T h a n t r e n v a n g l e n h T h i i d n g D e g i a m s a t v a n d a n , diidi bao ho s i n h l i n h t a o trCf y e u n g h i e t Q u a n dc c u ve T r i e u k h u y e t , l i f u P h u c , l i i u A n Q u a n m i xuo'ng t h a y , t h e d i i c hie'u s m h , b a n T a i t i e p Loc N h a n b u o i t a n X u a n c h i i n g t h a n h t a m s i i a b i e n h i i d n g h o a v a t p h a m n g h i 11 c u n g t r a n , d a n g l e n trxldc a n C u n g d a n g T h a n h , dang hien Ton T h a n , dot nen T a m hudng Phat doc long bai t h i n h C h u n g k i n h mdi: N g a i C\iu n i e n dUdng cai, N g a i T a n n i e n dudng n i e n T h a i T u e c h i dilc t o n t h a n N g a i ban c a n h T h a n h h o a n g c h u v i d a i v i i d n g N g a i ban X L T T h a n h n h T h o d i a Phuc dilc c h i n h t h a n 160 da cat t i i d n g D o cho c h i i n g m o i d u y e n t h u a n I d i , doan chinh, C h u n g l a : f ?, N g u y e n cho c h i i n g con: M i n h n i e n k h a n g t h a i , t r i i t r d , sd n g u y e n N a y l a g i d p h u t giao thufa n a m m6i, Tam mach tai l i n h cai q u a n t r o n g x i i n a y C u i x i n g i a n g l a m t r u c a n , N g a i dUdng n i e n T h i e n Q u a n nam N g u Tho, Long T h a n Cac B a n G i a Tao Q u a n v a t a t ca ch\l v i T h a n N g a i CiJu m e n d i i d n g cai H a n h K h i e n miing N g a i N g u PhUdng, B o n m u a k h o n g h a n ach nao x a m , t a m t i e t c6 d i e m l a n h tiep ling Giai t a m long t h a n h , Ciii x i n chiing giam C a n cao! B a i v a n k h a n to t i e n m o n g m o t T e t Nam Mo A Di Dd Phat! K i n h lay: - DCfc D i i d n g l a i h a s i n h D i Lac T o n P h a t - Cac c u to k h a o , to t y , ba t h i i c h u y n h de, dUdng t h i i d n g t i e n l i n h va cac h U d n g h o n n o i toe, n g o a i toe N a y theo tue l u a t , am dUdng v a n h a n h t6i t u a n N g u y e n d a n , m o n g d a u x u a n m U a moc t h a m n h u ^ n , d o n m i i n g n a m m i C o n c h a u txidng n i e m an diic To t i e n , n h U t r d i cao b i e n r o n g , k h o n d e m t a c c6 bao ba 161 xuan Do chiing cung toan the chau nha siia sang 16 vat, oan qua hiidng hoa k i n h dang len trvf6c an K i n h mdi cac cu cao t^ng to khao, cao t4ng to ty, ba thuc de huynh, c6 di ty muoi, nam niit t i i ton noi, ngoai Cui xin thUdng xot chau, l i n h thieng giang ve l i n h sang, phu hg t r i chau nam m6i an khang, mgi bo t h u a n Idi, siJ nghiep hanh thong Bon mua khong han ach nao xam, tarn tiet c6 diem lanh tiep iing T i n chii lai mdi: cac v i vong l i n h , tien chu, hau chu d dat ciing ve ham hiidng Giai t a m long t h a n h cui xin chiing giam Can cao! B a i v a n k h a n to t i e n t r o n g 1§ hoa v a n g Sau k h i hoa vang, gia chii chen rUdu len tro vang viia dot, lay gao va muoi r^c quanh nha va san Nam mo A Di Dd Phat! (3 Idn) K i n h lay: Hoang Thien H a u Tho chii v i Ton Than Ngai Dudng nien, Ngai Ban Canh Thanh hoang, cac Ngai Tho Dia, Tao Quan, Long Mach Ton Than Cac to khao, to ty, ngi ngoai tien h n h Horn la mong ba (mong bay) thang Gieng Thanh tam siia bien hiidng hoa pham vat, phii t i i u le nghi, cung dang trU6c an K i n h can thiia t r i n h : Tiec xuan da man, Nguyen dan da qua, x i n thieu hoa k i m ngan, le ta Ton Than, rU6c tien tien l i n h trci ve A m gi6i K i n h x i n : l i i u phuc lUu an, phu hg am mg, mgi ch6 tot lanh Chau gia dad hiing long thinh tri, d i i d c chut dUdng cd binh an, vUdng >!•' Long t h a n h k i n h can, le bac tien dang, lUdng ca xet soi, ciii x i n chiing giam Can cdo!\ Le hoa vang, le ta hay ggi la Tet K h a i ha, nghia la ket thiic Tet lA thUdng dien vao mong ba hoac mong bay thang gieng hang nam Tru;6c k h i cac vat pham dang cung t r e n ban thd, d^u tien phai h6a tien vang Tien vang ciia gia t h a n hoa triidc, to tien hoa sau B a i v a n k h a n 1§ ThvfcTng n g u y e n ( r a m t h a n g gieng): Nam Mo A Di Dd Phat! K i n h lay: - Hoang Thien, H a u Tho ch\i v i Ton t h a n - Ngai Dong trOi tU menh, Tao Phu than quan nam: T i n chii chung l a Ngu t a i 162 A n h Hong: Dang hUOng va van khan nghi thiic co truyen, Nxb T h a n h Hoa, 2005, tr.29-30 163 - Ngai Ban gia Tho Dia Long mach Ton t h a n - Cac Ngai ngu phUdng, Ngu tho, Phuc diic Ton than - Ngai tien hau dia chu t a i t h a n - Con lay chin phUdng Trdi, mu'di phiidng Chxi Phat, Chii Phat mifdi phUdng - Con k i n h lay to tien noi ngoai va chxi vi hiidng l i n h - Cac Ton t h a n cai quan c! k h u vvfc T i n c h u (chiing) l a : Horn la r a m thang gieng nam - Ngu t a i : T i n chu la: Horn n a y l a rkm t h a n g bay n a m , c h u n g Ngu t a i : nh6 den to tien, ong ba, c h a me da s i n h t h a n h r a c h u n g T h a n h tarn stfa bien, hUdng hoa l l v a t k i m ngan, t r a gay dxing cd nghiep, xay dip qua va cac t h i i cung dang, b^y tnJ6c an Chung t h a n h t a m k i n h mdi: Ngai K i m nien dUdng cai T h a i Tue' ohi diic ton t h a n Ngai Ban canh Thanh hoang ChiJ v i D a i Vudng Ngai Dong t r u t u menh Tao Phu T h a n q u a n Ngai Ban gia Tho Dia Long mach Ton t h a n Cac ngai ngu phUdng, ngu tho, Phiic duic chinh than, cac v i Ton t h a n cai quan d k h u vuc Cui x i n cac Ngai thUdng xot t i n chu Giang lam trU6c an, chiing giam long t h a n h , t h u hudng Ig vat, phu t r i t i n chii chung toan gia an lac, cong viec hanh thong NgUdi ngUdi diidc chii binh an, t a r n tiet v i n h khang t h i n h vUdng, loc t a i tang tien, t a m dao mci mang, sd c^u tat Cfng, sd nguyen tong tam nen n h a n , k h i e n c h u n g dUdc hUdng a m diic Chung c a m nghi dn diic cu lao k h o n bao, c a m cong trdi bien kho den, n e n t i n chii s i i a s a n g le vat, hiidng hoa, t r a qua, k i m ngan, v a n g bac, th^p nen t a m hiidng, t h a n h tam k i n h l e n cac c u cao t^ng to khao, cao t^ng to t y , b a thuc, de h u y n h , c6 d i , t y muoi v a tat ca hUdng hon noi toe, ngoai toe c u a ho , ciii x i n cac v i thiidng xot c h a u con, l i n h thieng h i e n ve, chiing giam long t h a n h , t h u hUdng le vat, phii ho cho c h a u m a n h khoe b i n h a n , loc tai viJdng tien, v a n sU tot l a n h , gia dao h i i n g long, hiidng ve c h i n h giao C h u n g l i bac t a m t h a n h , triidc an k i n h le, ciii xin diidc phii ho t r i C h i i n g x i n t h i e u hoa k i m Giai tam long t h a n h cui x i n chiing giam ngan, v a i l u a , quan a o T h i n h dieu moi p h ^ n K i n h Can cao! cao ton t h a n riidc tieu vong l i n h l a i ve am gidi Nam mo A Di Dd Phat! (3 Ian) B a i v a n k h a n to t i e n le T r u n g n g u y e n ( r a m t h a n g bay) Nam mo A Di Dd Phat! (3 Idn) 164 B a i v a n k h a n gio to ( c h i , h9) Hom nay! Ngay t h a n g n a m 165j Hau due ton la toe trUdng ho (hay trUdng chi ho) hoi cung cac ong, cac chii, cac bac ky lao ho cung vdi dau re chau noi ngoai, k i n h can quy tau: Nay nhan vang theo le c6, sam cac le vat gom Triidc l i n h v i ciaa H i e n (doc theo l i n h vi ciia vi diidc te le) va liet v i tien l i n h Trom nghi rang: HUdng gao thdm can nh6 cong lam \u Uo'ng nxidc ngon phai t i m gieng xanh NgUdi sinh hUdng k h i t r d i dat, ciing dao ly Ddi bao dn Tien to, xuat phat t\i tarn t i n h ('an cao' Horn nay, thang nam tiic nam Cong hoa xa hoi chii nghia Viet Nam t h i i Hau due ton la: quy triidc l i n h v i (doc l i n h v i cua thuy to, tien to dUdc liet thd nha thd ho) K i n h can thu'a rkng: Cui nghi: tuoi tac t\i Trdi, Phat ban cho H i n h hai nhd to tien mdi c6 Nay: Toan dan hdn hd don xuan sang; T i n chu mCfng v u i lam le tho K i n h nghi: Tien l i n h t a ! Yet cao chii v i t h a n l i n h ; Chuyen can gay cd nghiep; t r u n g hau giii gia K i n h lay mieu dUdng tien to Qua cuoc be dau, dam sUdng dai gio X i n rong long nhan; V i i n g tay cheo lai, vifdt thac bang ghenh Nguyen v u n diic do, Ddi cang viing, cay ben goc Mong|,sao thang mai ben lau; Ngay dem ihkm la tUdi canh l/dc dUdc goc canh them ciing co' Con chau nhieu be t i e n bo; to t i e n muon t h u d hien Tiidng niem cong diic xiia; vinh ' Kinh cao Tao quan, Tho than, Long mach chiing giam Goi chut hiidng khoi le nho N h a n gio To, ngUdng mo ton l i n h Ngiing chiing giam tac ; Dang bay le nho, giai to long t h a n h Ciii x i n phOi t r i bao ho NgiJdng vong To tien ban phuc am Mong Tien l i n h k h d i rong mach Triidng sinh; Do t r i chau diidc yen lanh Cho hau due leo len them Thiidng tho K i n h mdi cac v i t i e n l i n h pho'i te va t a n g t a n g Idp Idp chau t h i i d n g vong, theo got to tong ciing ve ham hifdng X e m Phong tuc co truyin Viet Nam (Tap van cung gia tien), Nxb V a n hoa dan toe, H a Noi, 1994, tr.30 166 167 T r e n T h i e n tao t a n g nien k y l a u dai, n h i i r u a hac v6 ciidng: Du6i H a i o'c tifdi phuc loc doi dao, nhif suo'i nguon bat h u K h a u dau cui lay t h a n l i n h , tien to - thiidng hUcing!', TAI L I E U THAM KHAO A- SACH Dang Cong san Viet N a m : Van kien Hoi nghi Idn Udng khoa IX, Nxb thi2 bay Ban Chap hdnh Trung Chinh t r i quoc gia Ha Noi, 2003 Dang Cong san Viet Nam: Quy dinh ue nhttng dieu dang vien khong di/cfc lam, Nxb Chinh t r i quoc gia, Ha Noi, 2012 Toan A n h : Phong tuc Viet Nam, Nxb V a n nghe Thahh Ho Chi M m h , 2004 Toan A n h : Nep cd tin ngiCdng Viet Nam (quyen ha), Nxb T h a n h Ho Chi M i n h , 1992 Toan A n h : Phong tuc thd cung gia dinh Viet Nam, Nxb V a n hoa thong t i n , Ha Noi, 2000 Phan Ke B i n h : Viet Nam phong tuc, Nxb T h a n h Ho Chi M i n h , 1992 Ta C h i D a i CUdng: Than ngUdi vd ddt Viet, Nxb V a n hoa thong t i n , H a Noi, 2006 X e m T a n V i e t , ( s U u t a m , lifOc d i c h , c h i n h bien): Tap van cung gia tien, Sdd, t r 61-62 168 Nguyen Dang Duy: Van hoa tam linh, Nxb Ha Noi, 1996 169 Nguyen Dang Duy: Van hoa tdm link Nam Bp Nxb Ha Noi, 1997 Gop phdn 10 Pham Van Dong: Van hod ud doi mdi, Nxb Chinh t r j quo'c gia Ha Noi, 1994 11 T r a n Van Giau: Su phdt Nam trien cua tii tiidng Thdng Viet Tdm, 12 M a i Hoa (Suu tarn, bien soan): Gia phd dbng tgc ht/ctng vd van khan nghi Viet Nam xUa vd 15 Do T r i n h Hue (Bien khao): Van hoa tin ngiidng gia dinh Viet Nam qua nhdn quan hoc gia L Cadiere Nxb T h u a n Hoa, Hue, 2000 16 GS V u Ngoc K h a n h (Chii bien): Den mieu Viet Nam, Nxb T h a n h nien, Ha Noi, 2007 17 Nguyen Quang Khai: Phong tuc tap qudn cua ngUdi Viet - Tap tuc vd kieng ky, Nxb Lao dong - Xa hoi, Ha Noi, 2006 18 Thanh Le: Van hod vd ddi song xd hoi, Nxb Khoa hoc xa hoi Ha Noi, 1998 vd van hod, Nxb Van hoa dan toe - T r u n g tarn Van hoa ngon ngfl Dong Tay 170 Nam, Nxb Ton giao Ha Noi, 2005 thdnh hodng vd tin ngi/dng Thdng Long Ha Noi, Nxb Lao dong Ha Noi, 2009 hoa", May van de ly luan vd thiCc tien sU 23 Nguyen M i n h San: Tiep can tin ngiCdng ddn da Viet 24 Pham Cong Sdn: Gia le xiia vd nay, Nxb Tong hdp Dong Thap, 1996 Nxb Thanh nien Ha Noi, 2000 19 Ho Lien: Doi dieu ve cdi thieng Viet Nam, Nxb V a n hoa dan toe Ha Noi, 1998 Nxb Thanh Hoa 2005 tuc dan gian nghiep doi mdi dd't niidc Ha Noi, 2000 Nxb Van hoa thong t i n Ha Noi, 2011 14 Phan K i m Hue: Li tin ngitdng 22 Difdng T r u n g Quo'c: "To tien rtfc rd anh em t h u a n Nxb Chinh I r i quoc gia, Ha Noi, 1996, t l thi2c cotruyen, tim hieu 21 Nguyen V i n h Phuc, N g u y i n Duy H i n h : Cdc tit the ky XIX den Cdch mang 13 A n h Hong: Dang 20 Nguyen Diic Luf: "Thd ciing to tien d Viet Nam", 25 Pham Con Sdn: Dgo Nghla gia dinh, Nxb D o n g N a i , 1999 26 Ha V a n Tang, TrUdng T h i n (Chu bien): Tin ngiCdng vd me tin, Nxb Van hoa thong t i n , Ha Noi, 1999 27 Dang Nghiem Van: "Dao thd cung to tien" Tin ngiidng, ton gido Viet Nam hien nay, Nxb Khoa hoc xa hoi, Ha Noi, 1996 28 Tan Viet (siiu t ^ m , lUdc dich, chinh bien): Tap vdn cung gia tien, Nxb Van hoa dan toe H a Noi, 1994 29 X.A.Tocarev: Cdc hinh thiic ton gido set khai vd si/ phdt trien cua chilng, N o i , 1994 N x b C h i n h t r i quoc gia, H a '• 30 Phong tuc thd cung gia dinh Viet Nam, Nxb V a n hoa dan toe Ha Noi, 1996 171 H o i d o n g L y l u ; i n T r u n g Udng: Le phdi cua chung ta, N x b C h i n h t r i quo'c g i a , H a N g i , 0 32 Van hoa ton gido boi cdnh todn cdu hoa, \g t a m N g h i e n c i i u t o n giao diiOng d a i , N x b , T o n giao, H a N o i 2010 33 Van hoa Idng MUC L U C Nxb T h a n h nien Ha xd Yen Phong, N o i , 2009 Trang B- T A P C H I ci2u lich sii, so 3-1996 ChMng I TON GIAO, T I N N G U O N G VA M E T I N DI DOAN 11 Cau 1: Ton gido Id gi? 11 s o n g t a m l i n h n g i f o i V i e t " , t a p c h i XUa Cau 2: Ban chat ton gido Id gi? 12 ud Nay, Cau 3: Tin ngMng N g u y e n Dvfc L i i : " T h d c u n g to t i e n - m o t h i e n t U d n g x a h o i CO + i n h b i e n " , t a p c h i Sinh hoat Ly ludn, goc tuc thd cung so X u a n C a n h T h i n n a m 0 - Ldi md ddu N g u y e n K i e n G i a n g : " T h d c i i n g to t i e n t r o n g doi so 1-1996 P h a n D a i D o a n : " V a i n e t ve t i n n g U d n g v a t o n giao V i e t N a m t h e k y X I X " , t a p c h i Nghien - Ldi Nhd xud't ban D o L a i T h u y : ''ThiC tim hieu to tien", nguon t a p c h i Van hod nghe thuat, t h a n g 1-1995 Id gi? 12 Cau 4: Ti^n ngi/dng dan gian Id gi? 13 Cau 5: Ton gido vd tin ngUdng khdc nhi/ thendo? 14 Cau 6: Ton gido vd tin ngi/dng c6 vai trb gi? 14 Cau 7: Thd cung To tien Id tin ngUdng hay ton gido? 15 Cau 8: Tin ngiidng thd cung to tien c6 gi khdc HO 16 vdi ton gido? Cau 9: Thd cung to tien diia tren cd sd tU tudng gi? 17 Cau 10: " T / i p mai gia It la gi? 18 Cau W-.Aild tdcgid cua '"Thg mai gia le"? Cau 12; Me tin di doan Id gi? 18 19 Cau 13: Quan diem cua Nhd niidc ta doi vdi me tin di doan nhu thendo? 172 20 173 Cau 14: NhUng hoat dgng ndo hi coi la hoat dgng me tin di doan? Cau 31: Te't Nguyen dan c6 vai trb vd y nghla nhil 21 Cau Cau ChMngll THC) CUNG TO TIEN TRONG GIA DINH, HO TOC 23 ("au I - MOT SO KHAI NIEM VA DOI Tl/ONG CUA THC) CUNG TO TIEN 23 Cau 15: Thd Id gi? 23 Cau 16: Cung Id gi? 24 Cau 17: Thd Cling Id gi? 24 Cau 18: Khd'n Id gi? 25 Cau 19: Vdi Id gi? 26 Cau 20: Lay Id gi? 26 Cau 21: Ai Id doi tUdng dugc thd cung tin ngudng thd cung to tien ? Cau 22: Nhiing ciing huyet thong dMc 26 thd cung? 27 Cau 23: Cao, tdng, to, khdo Id the ndo? 28 Cau 24: Thuy told ai? 28 I I - T H d CUNG TO TIEN TRONG GIA DINH 29 Cau 25: To tien gia dinh Id nhiing ai? 29 Cau 26: 'Ngu dgi mai than chu" Id the ndo? 30 Cau 27: Thd cung to tien diin nhiCng triidng hgp ndo? Cau 28: Nhiing te't ndo nam c6 lien quan den thd cung to tien? 32 Cau 29: Te't Nguyen dan c6 tic bao gid? Cau 30: Te't Tat nien Id gi? 33 35 174 Cau f the ndo doi vdi thd cung to tien? 32: Vi lai phdi khd'n ngodi trdi dim giao thiia? 33: NgUdi che't vdo ngdy 30 hay mung mot Te't Nguyen dan phdi Idm the ndo? 34: Vi phdi kieng khong mai tdng ngiCdi che't vdo ngdy 30 hay mSng mot Te't Nguyen dan ? 35: Tai c6 cau "Le Phgt quanh nam khong 35 36 bang ngdy ram thdng gieng"? 38 Cau 36: Te't Thanh minh Id the ndo? 37 38 39 Cau 37: Tai c6 Te't Hdn thiic? Cau 38: Te't Doan ngg (mong thdng 5) c6 nhiing 39 ""! tuc le gi? Cau 39: Te't Trung nguyen cd y nghia the ndo doi vdi 40 thd cung to tien ? 41 Cau 40: Vi tri bdn thd to tien thiidng dat d ddu ? Cau 41: Tuc dot vdng ma dien vdo nhiing ngdy ndo? 42 43 Cau 42: Tft c dot vdng md xUa vd cd gi khdc ? 43 Cau 43: Nhiing dieu gi can chu y dot vdng md? Cau 44: Thai ciia Phgt gido doi vdi tuc dot vdng 45 md nhii the ndo? Cau 45: Quy dinh mdi nhdt ciia Nhd niidc ta doi vdi 46 tuc dot vdng md nhii the ndo? Cau 46: Cd nhiing dieu gi cam ky d bdn thd gia tien? Cau 47: Nhiing diiu gi kieng ky bay cd thd cdng 47 48 gia tien? Cau 48: Vi phdi kieng ky mot so cung? Cau 49: Tgo tren bdn thd gia tien thudng bdi tri 48 49 nhiCng thd Id sd'chdn md cam hUc/ng Id sole? 50 175 C a u 50: Tai c6 ban thd vgng? C a u ] : Tren ban thd gia tien 50 bat tri nhUng Cling gi? C a u 74: Vi c6 tuc cWdi chay tang? C a u 75; ThUc thd 51 ngiidi Men than nghi 67 thiic gi biei chdc chdn da chet? 68 C a u 52: Y mon la gi? 52 C a u 76: L l mpc due ltdm gpi) Id gi? C a u 53: Hodnh phi la gi? 53 C a u 77: Lipham hdm di/dc tien hdnh C a u 54: Cdu doi la gi? 54 C a u 78; Li pham hdm co y nghla C a u 55: Hodnh 55 C a u 79: Khi co ngiidi chet phdi kieng ky nhiCng diiu gi? 71 56 C a u 80: Hon bach Id gi? y nghla 72 57 C a u 81: Sau phi C i i u 56: Than C a u 57: Anh vd cdu dot c6 ngi dung gi? chu (bdi vi) Id gi? thd Id gi? C a u 58: Bat hUdng c6 vai trb nhit thendo C a u 59: Nhitng dieu gi kieng Cau 60: Hi/dng (nhang) tren ban thd? ky vd can d bat hiMng? Id gi? dieu gi can 58 59 C a u 61: NhiCng dieu gi kieng ky thdp hi/dng? C a u 62: NhUng 57 chu y gia 60 chu dang li mpc due, chieu thdi gian 73 nhitng phuc li thdnh nghi phuc, 61 C a u 88: Tang phuc 62 C a u 89: Tritdng cua ngiidi C a u 69: Khi mot ngudi Idm chung C a u 70: Tai phdi co nhitng dat ten cung C a u 71: Tai c6 tuc hu hon, thu tuc gi? 64 cdm? hu via mot 64 thiJtc khdm C a u 73: Viec khdm ndo? 176 65 Hem ngiidi chet nhu thendo? Hem, nhdp quan diin nhi/ hdp ngitdi tang 66 qua lai khdc tren tritng, ndo? 78 nhit the ndo? 78 song khong? khong 79 de cha me dita quan tai bao gid cung doi dua bong co vd so litdng bat nen nhau? C a u 92: Y nghla phiing co con? C a u 91: Tai C a u 93: Thdp the lithe chet md cha me C a u 90; Tai co tuc kieng cdm, ngitdi hdp hoi ? C a u 72: Nghi 63 tang ciia gia quyen thi cha me c6 de tang 63 Viet? 76 Cau 66: Dink tinh than trUdc li an tang li gi? 61 song 76 Id gi? C a u 65: Bp that sU Id gi? dcfi 73 Hem? Id gi? C a u 87; Viec bdy bien trong xuong 75 61 the ndo quan 73 Cau 64: Bp ngU sU Id gi? ma c6 vai trb nhii nhdp C a u 84: Li thiet linh C a u 86: Sau C a u 68: Tang chifa C a u 83: Quy dinh ve khdm Hem ngdy thendo? 61 C a u 67: Thai dp cua ngudi Viet tri/dc cdi chet thendo? cua no nhU thendo? trdi di/di dat tri/dc khdm Cau 63: Bp tarn sU Id gi? Id gi? 70 C a u 82; Tai co tuc di/a thi hdi ngUdi chet C a u 85; Li thdnh dong 70 nhU the ndo? gi? can Idm gi? go khan? 69 81 ciia thoi ken hitdng vieng tang dam tang Id gi? vdi lay nhu' the ndo ma? 82 viec 82 177 Cau 94: Dieu hdnh cong viec le tang la nhUng ai^ 83 Cau 117: Do thd nhd thd hg gom nhiCng gi? 101 Cku ^'r Chuyen cCfu la gi? 84 Cau 118: Gio to diin nhU the ndo? 102 Chu 96: Tgi tang chu chong gay tre, chong Cau 119: Xi/a tgc triiang cb vai trb nhif the ndo gay Cau 120: A'^d^' nay, tgc trudng cb vai trb nhii Cku 97: Qua trinh dUa tang thi/dng diin nhi/ the Cau 98: Nghi thiic hg huyet dMc tien hdnh Cau 99: Viec xdy cat phdn 86 mg hien quy 103 103 Ca\i \2\: Rugng hiibng hoa Id gi? nhU the ndo? the ndo hg tgc? 85 ndo? 102 hg tgc? 85 vong de tang cha, me? Cau 122: Hien nay, cb hinh thiic gi thay cho rugng 104 hi/ang hoa? dinh 87 Cau 123: Gia phd (tgc phd) Id gi? 104 87 Cau 124: Co may logi gia phd? 105 Cau 125: Vai trb cua gia phd Id gi? 106 89 Cau 126: Viet gia phd the ndo? 107 Cau 102: Quy dinh ve thai gian cha ngiiOi chei the ndo? 90 Cau 127: Ai Id ngitdi xay diCng vd bdo qudn gia phd? 108 Cau 103: Tgi c6 li cung 49 ngdy? 91 Cau 128: Ldm li yet cdo to tien xin ddt ten cho tre Cau 104: Tgi c6 le cung 100 ngdy? 91 Cau 105: Cdo giS Id gi? 92 Cau 106: Tuc cdi tdng Id gi? 93 nhii the ndo? Cau lOQ: De chu Id gi?y nghia eua nghi thiic de chu? Cau 101: Sau an tang, tang quyen thi/c hien nhiJlng nghi ligi? Cau 107: Vi c6 tuc cdi tdng? 94 Cau 108: Tuc cung hgu Id gi? 96 Cau 109: Ngdy tuc cung hgu khong? 97 I I I - T h d Cling To tien ho toe 97 Cau 110: The ndo Id gia toe (hg tgc)? 97 Cau 1 : ' Viet Nam c6 bao nhieu dbng hg? 98 Cau 112: (? Viet Nam c6 nhUng dbng hg ndo tieu bieu? 99 Cau 113: Vi hg Nguyin Id dbng hg Idn nhdt? 99 Cau 114: Chi hg Id gi? 100 Cau 115: Thuy told ai? 100 Cau 116: Nhd tha hg Id gi? 101 178 108 mai sinh di/gc diin nhii the ndo? Cau 129: Ldm li vdo so hg nhii thi'ndo? 109 ChuangUI THC) T H A N H Cau HOANG VA QUOC T O H U N G Vl/ONG 111 I- TH6 T H A N H H O A N G 111 130: Tgi c6 quan niem xem thd hodng vd thd Quoc to Hiing Vuang Id hinh Thdnh thiic I l l tha cung to tien? Cau 131: Thdnh hodng Id gi? H3 Cau 132: Thd Thdnh hodng a Viet Nam cq tiikhi ndo? 114 Cau 133: Thd thdnh hodng du nhdp Viit Nam nhu thi'ndo? vd bii'n ddi d 115 179 C a u 134: Thanh ddi song hoang cgng C a u 135: Thanh c6 vai trb nhu dong lang hoang the ndo a Viet Nam thUcfng di/dc C a u \2>1 Dinh xuat hien dnitdc C a u 138: Dinh c6 chiic C a u 139: Quan hegiQa C a u 140: Thdnh ai? 121 tUdng thd td than, yen than'? 123 hodng c6 Thdnh Id Trung ddng ddng C a u 146: The ndo Id Ha ddng C a u 147: Qua trinh hodng Thdnh hodng hodng dien C a u 150: Viec di/dc dien C a u h o i : Y nghla Hiing VUdng di sdn cong ti/khi ngdy 10 thdng hdnh tilkhi 128 Hiing Vi/dng Id Quo'c to 130 ndo? to chCCc gid dm lich to Hiing chinh thiic Vifdng vdo ditdc tien nhdn tin ngWdng ngiidng thd Tho Id di sdn cua nhdn van loai di/a tren 140 cua viec d tinh Phil vdn hoa phi tin ngUdng thd cung Thg diidc cong nhdn vat the dai dien ciia Id nhdn 141 ChUdng SIJ B I E N Vi/dng xUa dien D O I TRO C U A T I N N G U O N G 144 THC> C U N G 157: 'Tin ngiidng thd cung 144 to tien hien c6 144 thay doi gi so vdi triidc? C a u 158: Thd cung to tien bien doi the ndo vi vi tri 145 thd Cling? C a u 159: Thd tiidng cung thd cung C a u : Thd cung td tien bien ddi the ndo ve ddi 145 gia dinh? td tien bien ddi the ndo ve thdi td tien bien ddi the ndo vi nghi 146 thd Cling? 146 thiic thd Cling? C a u 162: Thd cung 135 D O I V A V A I TO T I E N gian IV C U A THC) C U N G T O T I E N C a u : Thd cilng 132 ndo? C a u h o i 152: Le hoi Gid To Hiing nhu the ndo? 128 Id ai? nhdn tin loai Id gi? Cau thdi H U N G V U O N G Viidng C a u hcii : Viec 1801 vdo 128 QUdc T O cua tieu chi ndo? I- S U B I E N ndo? C a u 149: Hdng nhQng 126 dien cong ViCdng d tinh Phil 127 148: Thd cung nhi/ng 138 vat the dai dien 126 than? nhi/thendo? 11 - TH6 sit vd y nghla 125 than? Thdnh thd d 125 than? sac phong Hiing hoa phi 123 khong? '"song" khong? C a u 144: The ndo Id Thi/dng C a u 145: Thendo 120 nhU thendo? diidc thd Id nhQng C a u 142: Co Idng ndo khong cung 119 naxj? dUdc Vi/dng? C a u h o i 155: UNESCO 120 nghe vd dinh hodng C a u 143: Co Thdnh ta tickhi ndng gi? C a u : Vi c6 hien gian thd Cling Hiing 117 118 VUdng 137 C a u 154: Gid tri lich thd C a u 136: Tai lai ggi la "dinh"? To Hiing ndi ndo? 117 x6m ? (idau? (^au C a u : Quoc the thd Cling? to tien bien doi the ndo ve chu 147 181 II- G I A T R I C U A T I N N G U O N G THCi C U N G TO T I E N Cau 163: Gid tri kinh 147 te cua tin ngi/dng thd cung to tien diiOc the hien nhu the ndol 147 Cau 164: Gid tri van hoa cua tin ngUdng thd cung to tien diCdc the hien nhiC thendo? 148 Cau 165: Gid tri xd hoi tin ngUdng thd cung to tien duac bieu hien nhiCthendo? Cau 166: Tin ngitdng nhit thendo 150 thd cung to tien c6 vai trb viec dodn ket cgng dong? 150 Cau 167: Gid tri dao dUc tin ngUdng thd cung to tien dicac bieu hien nhuthendo? Chiu trach nhiem xuat ban TS N G U Y E N D U Y H U N G 151 Chiu trach nhiem npi dung Cau 168: Thd cung to tien co bieu hien tieu ciic gi ThS N G U Y E N V A N T R O N G khong? 152 PHU L U C 155 Bien tap noi dung: TAI L I E U THAM KHAO 169 T r i n h bay bia: LE H A LAN Cha ban v i t i n h : Siia ban i n : Doc sach mSu: 182 V UTHI HUONG NGUYEN T H U THAO PHONG BIEN TAP K Y THUAT V U HUONG [...]... nhap quan kieng cho, meo, chuot den gan Trong vong cac linh hon NhUng nhutng nghi le nay, ngay nay da ba nam, trong gia dinh c6 dai tang, moi ngiidi trong nhat nhoa, neu c6 t h i cQng chi mang t i n h u6c le nha phai kieng ra dinh v u i hoi, an khao, an cxidi, kieng den nha ngvfdi khac vao dau nam Tuc le nay ngay nay cd ban v i n dUdc duy t r i , nhUng l i n h dong hdn chii cua no nhu thendo? Tra chUa... Phat Ngay nay ngUdi T r u n g Quoc da bo l i tet nay, n h i i n g cl V6i Phat txt t h i le dang hUdng ngay nay cang mang y nghia dac biet quan trong, bcii le ngay ram na6c ta mot so' gia d i n h v i n duy t r i tet nay de cung thang gia t i e n nha m i n h mac d i i k h o n g hieu ve ong Gidi Tijf gieng chinh la ngay via cua Dilc Phat A D i Da V i vay Thoi O t h a n h pho', n h a n ngay nay ngUdi ta... tUdng hifdng loc con chau dang cung Ngay nay tuc nay gan ngu md, ngat x i u hay hap hoi dUdc quan niem la con n h i i da het ngUdi dang d t r a n g t h a i hon tam thdi hoac c6 kha nang C a u 71: Tai sao c6 tuc hu hon, hu via khi ngitdi hap mot hoi? thoat ly khoi the xac V i vay, c6 tuc goi hon, h u via v6i hy vong de hon, via ve v6i the xac Tuc le nay hien nay g^n n h u h i bai bo T r a Idi: Trong... tiidi qua chin, toan do an nguoi ra ngoai trdi cung vdi ( t i i n nam cu don nam m6i) Dem giao ihxXa mam c6 long t h a n h tien dula ngUdi nha t r d i da cai quan m i n h cung d ban thd thong t h i e n dat ngoai t r d i hoac dat d nam cii va don ngUdi nha t r d i mdi xuong lam nhiem vu ngoai san, gac thiidng cai quan ha gidi nam tdi V i viec ban giao, tiep quan Sang mong mot Tet t h i lam c6 cung gia... dau cho mot nam, ne'u ngay ay CO dam tang t h i lang se gap dieu khong may man xanh) O Viet N a m nhieu ndi khong an Tet Thanh minh, n h i i n g ciing nhieu ho toe nhan dip ay ma di tao mo Tao mo la d i t h a m mo tien nhan, c6 r a m t h i phat cho ca nam T h i i niia la 16 dong tho la l i r a t quan trong, cho quang, dat khuyet t h i dSp cho day , sau do ve nha dan lang ma chifa lam l i nay t h i khong... bac nay tang, to, khao la cac bac to tien be tren theo he thong Thuy to la v i to dau tien diide ghi ten trong toe pha, gia toe phu he Nguyen tac cd ban ciia he thong nay la tiic la v i to xa ddi nhat ma con chau con nh6 dUdc, bieu 1 Do T r i n h Hue (Bien khao): Van hod tin ngUdng gia 1 X.A.Tocarev: Cac hinh thiic ton gido sd khai va sU phdt trien cua chung, Sdd, 28 Cao, T r a lofi: tr.313 Viet Nam. .. h hon c6 ddn, cd nhd, nhiJng ma doi dUdc cung hildng Phong tuc day long txX hi cua nha Phat nay da C O tu: k h i ngUdi Viet biet den Phat giao va ton t a i mai cho den ngay nay md dien ra vdo figdy ndo? nhung V i Tralofi: Vang ma tiic la tien bac hoac do vat lam ra khong phai de sii dung ma de dot Cac do vat nay lam bang giay ma de hoa n h i m giii cho ngUdi d "the gi6i ben kia" Tuc dot vang ma la the... ma nhU khong ve dUdc de hUcing loc t r e n ban thd va nhan "hang T r a ldi: hoa t\i coi dUdng giii den" Dieu nay se d i n den t a i hoa cho gia chu D i nhien den nay, tuc dot vang ma cung da thay doi nhieu phan anh n h u cau t a m l i n h cua con ngUdi dUdng dai V i du: "Hang hoa coi am hien nay da dang va phong p h u hdn trii6c r a t nhieu va viec k h a n cung cung Ngay 12-7-2010, Chinh phii ban hanh... C a u 49: Tqi sao tren ban thd gia tien den hom nay ban thd vong l a i kha pho bien V i chuyen thudng bai tri nhvCng do thd la so chdn ma cam hilOng Id sole'? di dich cif theo ke hoach va t u do; k h i c6 sU xao tron dan c\i ra t h a n h pho', vao Nam ra B i c t i m ke sinh nhai, k h i C O sU dieu dong can bo, cong nhan, vien chtlc di cong tac tif vung nay den vung khac roi sinh cd lap T r a lofi: Ngiidi... cho rSng ngay tao t h i e n lap dia c6 t h e m giong ga, ngay t h i l h a i c6 them thang, bon mua: xuan, h a , t h u , dong Tet nay la tet Idn hdn ca v i la tet md d a u cho mot nam cho, ngay t h i l ba c6 Idn, ngay t h i i t i i sinh de, ngay Tet Nguyen dan la dip trong nam c6 sU sum hop day t h i i n a m s i n h t r a u , ngay thvi sau sinh ngUa, ngay du moi t h a n h vien trong gia dinh Con chau