Tài liệu ơn thi vào lớp 10 PT KẾ HOẠCH ƠN THI TUYỂN SINH LỚP 10 MƠN TIẾNG ANH - NĂM HỌC: 2010 - 2011 Số buổi ( 20buổi) Nội dung tiết = buổi The Tenses Lesson 1: Ơn tập mở rộng học Lesson 2: Further practice in tenses tiết = buổi The Passive Voice Lesson 3: The way to change an active sentence to a passive one Lesson 4: Further Practice tiết = buổi tiết = buổi Lesson 5: If clause and Clause after “wish” + Practice Lesson 6: Practice Reported Speech Lesson 7: - Reported Speech for commands, requests, advice - Reported Speech for statements and yes/no questions Lesson 8: Further practice with various kinds of exercises Lesson 9: Relative clause + Practice tiết = buổi tiết = buổi tiết = buổi Lesson 10: Comparison + Ơn lại so sánh hơn, so sánh nhất, so sánh ngang + Luyện tập dạng tập liên quan Lesson 11: Some more structures - Give students some structures that they have learnt - Practice more in various kinds of rewriting exercises tiết = buổi Lesson 12: Pronunciation and stress - Exercises related to Pronunciation - Exercises related to stress 24 tiết = buổi Lesson 13 - 20: Nguyễn Đức Vinh – Practice test Trường THCS Kim Ngọc Tài liệu ơn thi vào lớp 10 PT The Tenses Lesson 1: I Present tenses (các thời tại) Simple Present (thời thường) S + Vs/es Dùng để diễn đạt hành động mang tính thường xun (regular action), theo thói quen (habitual action) hành động lặp lặp lại có tính qui luật I walk to school every day Khi chia động từ thời này, ngơi thứ (I), thứ hai (you) thứ số nhiều (they) động từ khơng phải chia, sử dụng động từ ngun thể khơng có to ví dụ nêu Đối với ngơi thứ số (he, she, it), phải có "s" sau động từ âm phải đọc lên: He walks She watches TV Thường dùng thời thường với số phó từ thời gian today, present day, nowadays, với phó từ tần suất như: always, sometimes, often, every + thời gian Simple present thường khơng dùng để diễn đạt hành động xảy thời điểm (now), ngoại trừ với động từ thể trạng thái (stative verb) sau: know understand have believe hate need hear love appear see like seem smell want taste wish sound own Các từ danh sách thường khơng xuất thời tiếp diễn (hiện tiếp diễn, q khứ tiếp diễn ) Một số ví dụ khác thời thường: They understand the problem now (stative verb) He always swims in the evening (habitual action) We want to leave now (stative verb) The coffee tastes delicious (stative verb) Your cough sounds bad (stative verb) I walk to school every day (habitual action) * Thời gian để xác định đơn: - Everyday, everyweek, everymonth, every year, every Sunday , - Always, usually, often , sometimes, seldom, occasionally, constantly, never - (How often ) , once a week / one time a week , twice a week / two times a week , three times a month , - Sự thật hiển nhiên Nguyễn Đức Vinh – Trường THCS Kim Ngọc Tài liệu ơn thi vào lớp 10 PT Present Progressive (thời tiếp diễn) S + am/is/are + Ving · Dùng để diễn đạt hành động xảy vào thời điểm Thời điểm xác định cụ thể số phó từ : now, rightnow, at this moment · Dùng thay cho thời tương lai gần, đặc biệt văn nói The president is trying to contact his advisors now (present time) We are flying to Paris next month (future time) · Các động từ trạng thái (stative verb) bảng sau khơng chia thể tiếp diễn (bất thời nào) chúng động từ tĩnh diễn đạt trạng thái cảm giác hoạt động tinh thần tính chất vật, việc know understand have believe hate need hear love appear see like seem smell want taste wish sound own Nhưng chúng quay sang hướng động từ hành động chúng lại phép dùng thể tiếp diễn He has a lot of books He is having dinner now (Động từ hành động: ăn tối) I think they will come in time I'm thinking of my test tomorrow (Động từ hành động: Đang nghĩ về) * Thời gian để xác định tiếp diễn -Now, at the moment, at present , at this time, today, - Sau câu mệnh lệnh Ex: Look! The bus is coming - Tình tiếp diễn Ex: Where is Lan ? She is in the kitchen She is cooking dinner Lưu ý : Một số động từ cảm giác , tri giác , tình cảm thường khơng sử dụng tiếp diễn : tobe , like, love, hate, dislike, think, smell, taste , remember, forget, have ( có), Present Perfect (thời hồn thành) S + have/has + PII Thời hồn thành dùng để: (1) Diễn đạt hành động xảy thời điểm khơng xác định q khứ John has traveled around the world (We don't know when) (2) Chỉ hành động xảy nhiều lần q khứ Nguyễn Đức Vinh – Trường THCS Kim Ngọc Tài liệu ơn thi vào lớp 10 PT George has seen this movie three time (3) Một hành động bắt đầu diễn q khứ xảy John has lived in that house for 20 years (He still lives there.) = John has lived in that house since 1984 (Giả sử 2004) Cách dùng SINCE FOR: FOR + khoảng thời gian: for three days, for ten minutes, for twenty years SINCE + thời điểm bắt đầu: since 1982, since January, Cách dùng ALREADY YET: Already dùng câu khẳng định, already đứng sau have đứng cuối câu We have already written our reports We have written our reports already Yet dùng câu phủ định, câu nghi vấn Yet thường xun đứng cuối câu We haven't written our reports yet Have you written your reports yet? Trong số trường hợp thể phủ định, yet đứng sau have phải thay đổi mặt ngữ pháp: động từ PII trở dạng ngun thể có to khơng dùng not John has yet to learn the material = John hasn't learnt the material yet * Thời hồn thành thường dược dùng với số cụm từ thời gian sau: · Dùng với now that (giờ mà ) Now that you have passed the TOEFL test successfully, you can apply for the scholarship · Dùng với số phó từ till now, until now, so far (cho đến giờ) Những cụm từ đứng đầu câu cuối câu So far the problem has not been resolved · Dùng với recently, lately (gần đây) cụm từ đứng đầu cuối câu I have not seen him recently · Dùng với before đứng cuối câu I have seen him before Present Perfect Progressive (thời hồn thành tiếp diễn) S + have/has + been + Ving Chỉ hành động loại (3) thời hồn thành dùng thời hồn thành tiếp diễn John has been living in that house for 20 years = John has lived in that house for 20 years Phân biệt cách dùng hai thời: Present Perfect Present Perfect Progressive Hành động chấm dứt Hành động tiếp diễn tại, có khả Nguyễn Đức Vinh – Trường THCS Kim Ngọc Tài liệu ơn thi vào lớp 10 PT lan tới tương lai khơng có kết có kết rõ rệt rõ rệt I've waited for you for half an hour (and now I stop waiting because you I've been waiting for you for half an hour didn't come) (and now I'm still waiting, hoping that you'll come) II Past tenses (các thời q khứ) Simple Past (thời q khứ thường): S + Ved Dùng để diễn đạt hành động xảy dứt điểm thời gian xác định q khứ (khơng diễn ảnh hưởng tới tại) Thời điểm câu xác định rõ rệt số phó từ thời gian như: yesterday, at that moment, last week, He went to Spain last year Bob bought a new bicyle yesterday Maria did her homework last night Mark washed the dishes after dinner We drove to the grocery store this afternoon George cooked dinner for his family Saturday night * Thời gian để xác định q khứ đơn : - Yesterday, last week , last month, last year, last Sunday , two days ago , three weeks ago , two months ago, - in + year : in 1990, in 2000, - in the 19th century , in the past , Past Progresseive (thời q khứ tiếp diễn): S + was / were + Ving Thời q khứ tiếp diễn dùng để diễn đạt: (1) hành động xảy q khứ bị hành động khác “chen ngang” (khi ) Trong trường hợp này, mẫu câu chung là: I was watching TV when she came home When she came home, I was watching television (2) Hai hành động đồng thời xảy q khứ Trong trường hợp này, mẫu câu sau áp dụng: Martha was watching television while John was reading a book While John was reading a book, Martha was watching television Cấu trúc sau đơi dùng khơng thơng dụng hai mẫu trên: While John was reading a book, Martha watched television Nguyễn Đức Vinh – Trường THCS Kim Ngọc Tài liệu ơn thi vào lớp 10 PT (3) Một hành động xảy thời điểm xác định q khứ: Martha was watching TV at seven o’clock last night What were you doing at one o’clock this afternoon? Henry was eating a snack at midnight last night * Thời gian để xác định q khứ tiếp diễn : - Tại thời điểm xác định q khứ : Ex: at ten o’ clock yesterday - Hành động kéo dài thời điểm q khứ : between and o’ clock last night - Hành động diễn có hành động khác cắt ngang ( when / while ) - Hai hành động diễn // ( while ) Past Perfect (thời q khứ hồn thành): S + had + PII Thời q khứ hồn thành dùng để diễn đạt: (1) hành động xảy trước hành động khác q khứ, câu thường có có hành động: Thời q khứ hồn thành thường dùng với phó từ thời gian là: after, before when Phó từ when dùng thay cho after before mẫu mà khơng làm thay đổi ý nghĩa câu Chúng ta biết hành động xảy trước có sử dụng q khứ hồn thành The police came when the robber had gone away (2) Một trạng thái tồn thời gian q khứ chấm dứt trước Trường hợp tương tự trường hợp (3) hồn thành trường hợp khơng có liên hệ với John had lived in New York for ten years before he moved to VN * Hay gọi tiền q khứ ( trước q khứ ) Ex: By ten o’ clock last night / By July , After + q khứ hồn thành , qk đơn Before + qk đơn , Qk hồn thành III Future tenses (các thời tương lai) Simple Future (thời tương lai thường) S + will/ shall + V Ngày ngữ pháp đại, đặc biệt ngữ pháp Mĩ chấp nhận việc dùng will cho tất ngơi, shall dùng với ngơi I, we số trường hợp sau: · Đưa đề nghị cách lịch sự: Shall I take you coat? Nguyễn Đức Vinh – Trường THCS Kim Ngọc Tài liệu ơn thi vào lớp 10 PT · Dùng để mời người khác cách lịch sự: Shall we go out for lunch? · Dùng để ngã giá mặc cả, mua bán: Shall we say : $ 50 · Thường dùng với văn mang tính pháp qui buộc bên phải thi hành điều khoản văn bản: All the students shall be responsible for proper execution of the dorm rule Trong tiếng Anh bình dân , người ta thay shall = must dạng câu Nó dùng để diễn đạt hành động xảy thời điểm định tương lai khơng xác định cụ thể Thường dùng với số phó từ thời gian tomorrow, next + time, in the future, in future, from now on * Thời gian để xác định tương lai đơn : - tomorrow , next week , next month , next year , next Monday , tonight, in the future , Near Future (tương lai gần): S + am/ is / are + going to + V Diễn đạt hành động xảy tương lai gần, thường dùng với phó từ dạng: In a moment (lát nữa), at o'clock this afternoon We are going to have a reception in a moment Nó việc chắn phải xảy theo dự tính cho dù thời gian tương lai xa We are going to take a TOEFL test next year Ngày người ta thường dùng present progressive Future Progressive (thời tương lai tiếp diễn): S + will + be + Ving · Dùng để diễn đạt hành động xảy vào thời điểm định tương lai At 8:00 am tomorrow morning we will be attending the lecture Good luck with the exam! We will be thinking of you · Dùng kết hợp với present progressive khác để diễn đạt hai hành động song song xảy Một tại, tương lai Now we are learning English here, but by this time tomorrow we will be attending the meeting at the office · Được dùng để đề cập đến kiện tương lai xác định định (khơng mang ý nghĩa tiếp diễn) Professor Baxter will be giving another lecture on Roman glass-making at the same time next week · Hoặc kiện mong đợi xảy theo tiến trình thường lệ (nhưng khơng diễn đạt ý định cá nhân người nói) You will be hearing from my solicitor I will be seeing you one of these days, I expect Nguyễn Đức Vinh – Trường THCS Kim Ngọc Tài liệu ơn thi vào lớp 10 PT · Dự đốn cho tương lai: Don't phone now, they will be having dinner · Diễn đạt lời đề nghị nhã nhặn muốn biết kế hoạch người khác Will you be staying in here this evening? (ơng có dự định lại tối ạ) III Modal verbs: ( Các động từ tình thái < khiếm khuyết> ) Can, could , may, might, should, must, have to, ought to , be going to , used to , • S + modal verbs + V • S + modal verbs + not + V • Modal verbs + S + V ? * Lưu ý : Have to dùng câu phủ định câu hỏi giống với động từ thường Ex: I don’t have to this work Nguyễn Đức Vinh – Trường THCS Kim Ngọc Lesson 2: Tài liệu ơn thi vào lớp 10 PT Further practice in tenses I Supply the correct verb forms 1.Be quiet ! The baby ( sleep) KEYS The sun ( set) in the West 1.is sleeping 3.Mr Green always ( go) to work by bus sets It ( not rain ) in the dry season goes They ( have ) lunch in the cafeteria now does not rain My little sister ( drink) milk every day are having The doctor sometimes ( return) home late drinks He ( write) a long novel at present returns is writing Look ! The bus ( come) is coming 10 The earth (move) around the sun 10 moves 11.Sometime ( smell) good in the kitchen now 11 smells 12.His uncle ( teach) English in our school five years ago 12 taught 13 The old man( fall) as he (get) into the bus 13 fell / got 14 When I saw him, he (sit) asleep in a chair 14 was sitting 15 There (be) a lot of noise at the fair yesterday 15 was 16 It (take) me minutes to walk to school last year 16 took 17.They ( not speak) to each other since they quarreled 17 have n’t spoken 18 I (try) to learn English for years, but I ( not succeed) yet 18 have tries 19.I (not see) her since last week 19.have not seen 20 John( do) his homework already 20.has done 21.had started 21.The train (start) before we arrived at the station 22 will be 22 There (be) an English class in this room tomorrow evening 23.had already begun 23 The film already (begin) when we got to the cinema 24 will you 24 You (stay) at home tonight? 25 will be 25.I( be) twenty years old next June 26 am having 26.Where are you?- I’m upstairs I (have) a bath 27 were singing 27.All of them (sing) when I( came) 28 were … doing 28.What you( do) at p.m yesterday? 29 did … spend 29 Where you ( spend) your holiday last year? 30 was speaking 30 Why didn’t you listen while I (speak) to you? II Supply the correct verb forms haven’t seen – 1.A: I …………( not see) Andrew for weeks saw did you – was B: Nor me, It’s weeks since I last …….( see) him – went 2.A: What……( you/do) last night? have you met – B: Well, I …… ( be) very tired, so I … ( go) to bed very early saw 3.A: ……….( you/ meet) Julie recently? haven’t been – B: Yes, I …….(see) her a few days ago broke A: Are you still playing tennis? did you liveB: No, I … ( not be) able to play tennis since I (break) my arm were – have you A: What part of Birmingham…… ( you/live) when you … (be) a student? ever been B: A place called Selly Oak ………( you/ever/be) there? Nguyễn Đức Vinh – Trường THCS Kim Ngọc Tài liệu ơn thi vào lớp 10 PT the passive voice Lesson 3: Active: S + Passive: S + to be + V + PP + O ( by +O) Notes: - Đặt từ câu chủ động (tense) hay thể (form) “be” câu bị động hay thể - Khi ta khơng xem người thực hành động (doer) quan trọng, “ by object” bỏ ( eg Doer = personal pronoun: he, she, they, we, people; no-one ) ACTIVE VOICE PASSIVE VOICE I THE PRESENT SIMPLE TENSE ( THÌ HIỆN TẠI ĐƠN) S + am/is/are + PII + (by O) S + Vs/es + O Ex: She cleans the floor everyday ⇒ The floor is cleaned everyday II THE PRESENT PROGRESSIVE TENSE ( tiếp diễn) S + am/is/are + Ving + O Ex: Mr.Baker is repairing the car S + am/is/are + being + PII + by O ⇒ The car is being repaired by Mr Baker II THE PAST SIMPLE TENSE ( Thì q khứ đơn ) S + was/ were + PII + by O S + Ved + O Ex: Where did they find the drugs ? ⇒ Where were the drugs found ? IV THE PAST PROGRESSIVE TENSE ( Thì q khứ tiếp diễn ) S + was/ were + Ving + O Ex: They were preparing luch when I came there yesterday V THE PRESENT PERFECT TENSE ( Thì hồn thành ) S + have / has + PII + O Ex: Someone has stolen the bicycles Nguyễn Đức Vinh – S + was/ were + being + PII + by O ⇒ Luch was being prepared when I came there yesterday S + have/ has+ been + PII + by O ⇒ The bicycles have been stolen Trường THCS Kim Ngọc 10 Tài liệu ơn thi vào lớp 10 PT Trực tiếp Gián tiếp HTT ( is/are/ am) QKT (was/were) HTTD ( is/are/am + V- ing) QKTD(was/were + V- ing) HTHT ( has/ have + PII) QKHT ( had + PII) TLT ( Will ) TL QK ( Would ) Can Could / be able to Shall Should Must Had to / would have to Have to Had to 2.Thay đổi chủ ngữ, tân ngữ, đại từ sở hữu Trực tiếp ngơi thứ nhất: Gián tiếp - đổi sang ngơi thứ ba (I, we, me, mine, us, our) (He, She, It, They, him/ her, his/ hers, its, their, them) - Jane said,” I live in the suburbs” -> Jane said that she lived in the ngơi thứ hai suburbs - đổi theo ngơi tân ngữ ( You, your, yours ) mệnh đề tường thuật He said to me,” You can take my -> He said me that I could take his book” ngơi thứ ba ( He, She, It, They, book - giữ ngun( khơng đổi) him, his, her ,them ,their) Mary says,” They come to help the -> Mary said that they came to help pupils.” the pupils 3.Trạng từ thời gian Trực tiếp Gián tiếp Now ago today tonight tomorrow Nguyễn Đức Vinh Then before that day that day the next day/ following day – Trường THCS Kim Ngọc 18 Tài liệu ơn thi vào lớp 10 PT yesterday the day before last week/month/year the previous week/month/year next week/month/year the following week/month/year Eg: - “I’m going now” He said -> He said he was going then - She said “ I was at Hue yesterday” -> She said that she had been at Hue the day before Trạng từ nơi chốn Trực tiếp Gián tiếp here there this that these those Eg: - He said,”Put the books here” -> He told me to put the books there - Tom said to me,” I’ll meet you this Friday” -> He told me that he would meet me that Friday Lesson 8: practice Chuyển câu sau sang câu gián tiếp He said to her, “You are my friend.” Johnny said to his mother, “I don’t know how to this exercise.” “ Don’t come back before one o’clock”, advised my brother “Cook it in butter”, Mrs Brown said to her daughter The pupils said “ Teacher, give us better marks, please.” My friend said, “ Are you going to leave tomorrow?” “ Have you done your homework?”, said my mother I asked Bill,” What time did you go to bed last night?” Paul said, “ I must go home now.” 10 “ There is an accident ”, said the policeman Nguyễn Đức Vinh – 11 “ We are waiting for the school bus”, said the children 12 “ Must you go now?”, said Mr Brown 13 “ Are you going to visit your aunt tomorrow?” asked Tom 14 “ Listen to me and don’t make a noise,”said the teacher to his students 15 “ I’m tired of eating fish”, said Mary to Helen 16 “ The sun always rises in the east,” said Peter 17 “ I didn’t steal your fur coat yesterday,” said Samny to Jean 18 “ You must your homework everyday”, said Miss Lan to us Trường THCS Kim Ngọc 19 Tài liệu ơn thi vào lớp 10 PT 10.The policeman said that there was an accident 11.The children said that they were waiting for the school bus 12 Mr Bown asked me if I had to go then 13 Tom asked if I was going to visit my aunt the next day 14 The teacher asked his students to listen to him and not to make any noise 15.Mary said Helen she was tired of eating fish 16.Peter said the sun always rises/rose in the east 17.Sammy told Jean that he didn’t steal/hadn’t stolen her coat the day before 18 Miss Lan told us that we must/ had to our homework every day./ Miss Lan asked us to our homework every day 19 Billy asked his teacher if they would read the story 20 Vicky said she didn’t know where Alice was 21 Andrew asked Anne to turn the music down 22 He asked how much I thought it would cost 23 He asked me to speak more slowly because he couldn’t understand 24.She asked me if I had already reviewed all my lessons Keys 25 The shopkeeper invited us to come in and look He said to her she was his friend round and told us that there was no obligation to buy Johnny said to his mother he didn’t know how to that 26.She apologized for being late and explained that the exercise bus had broken down My brother advised me not to come back before one o’clock 27 Jane advised me to take the course Mrs Brown told her daughter to cook it in butter 28.Mary asked me if I could tell her why I was so sad The pupils asked their teacher to give them better marks 29.Jane asked me to find out when he last wrote to her My friend asked me if I was going to leave the day after 30.She urged her daughter to decide what she wanted My mother asked me if I had done my homework to I asked Bill what time he had gone to bed the night before Paul said that he had to go home then 19 “ Will we read the story?”, Bill asked his teacher 20 “ I don’t know where Alice is,” said Vicky 21 “ There isn’t much rain in the south of the country,” said Harry 22 “ Would you mind turning the music down?”Andrew said to Anne 23 “ How much you think it will cost?” He asked 24 “ Can you speak more slowly? I can’t understand,” He said to me 25 “ Have you already reviewed all your lessons?” she said to me 26 “ Come in and look around There’s no obligation to buy,” said the shopkeeper 27 “ I’m sorry I’m late,” she said.” The bus broken down” 28 Mary asked me “ Can you tell me why you are so sad?” 29 “ Will you please find out when he last wrote to me?” Jane said to her friend 30 “ You must decide what you want to do”, she said to her daughter Lesson 9: Relative clause + Practice A Theory I Relative pronouns Chức Chủ ngữ Tân ngữ Sở hữu Chỉ người Who Whom Whose Chỉ vật Which Which Of which/whose Eg: I saw the woman She wrote the book ->I saw the woman who wrote the book I know the man You want to meet him ->I know the man whom you want to meet Nguyễn Đức Vinh – Trường THCS Kim Ngọc 20 Tài liệu ơn thi vào lớp 10 PT 3.The pencil is mine The pencil is on the desk -> The pencil which is on the desk is mine The dress is beautiful She is wearing that dress -> The dress which she is wearing is beautiful The girl is my sister You took the girl’s picture -> The girl whose picture you took is my sister He showed me his car The engine of the car is good -> He showed me his car, the engine of which is good * “That” dùng thay cho Who, Whom, Which trường hợp khơng theo sau dấu phẩy giới từ II Relative adverbs o When -> time o Where -> place * Eg: Monday is the day We will come then -> Monday is the day when we will come I never forget the village I was born there -> I never forget the village where I was born B Exercises Kết hợp câu sau dùng đại từ quan hệ Alice is my friend Alice’s mother died last year 2.The boy will be punished He threw that stone Ann is very friendly She lives next door 4.The man is a famous actor You met him at the party last night 5.There are some words They are very difficult to translate 6.I was looking for a book this morning I’ve found it now 7.Is that the car? You want to buy it 8.Sandra works in advertising You were talking to her 9.The little girl ate sweets the whole way She sat next to me on the coach 10.Lan is a journalist Her tape recorder was stolen 11.I don’t know the name of the woman I spoke to her on the phone 12 We often go to visit our friends in Bristol It’s only 30 miles away 13 This is Mr Carter I was telling you about him Nguyễn Đức Vinh – 14 That is the room The meeting is held in that room 15 I’ll always remember the day I first saw that sight on that day 16.She was born in Malaysia Rubber trees grow well there 17.No one knows the school My uncle taught at that school 10 years ago 18 Please ask them the time The train stared the trip at that time 19 New Year’s Day is a day All family members gather and enjoy a family dinner then 20 There are many hotels Tourists can enjoy their holidays there 21.India is a country The earthquake occurred in this country last month 22 Bac Giang is a city I was born and grew up there 23 We have not decided the day We’ll go to London on that day Trường THCS Kim Ngọc 21 Tài liệu ơn thi vào lớp 10 PT 24 The man made me sad the most I love him with all my heart 25.The thief was caught This was a really good news 26 The gentleman was very young He was introduced as the most successful businessman 27 His book became the best seller It was punished last year 28 Neil Armstrong lived in the USA He walked on the moon 29 Nam is very intelligent He learns in our class 30 Ha Long has grown into a big city over the past few years I visited the city last year Keys 1.Alice, whose mother died last year, is my friend 2.The boy who threw that stone will punished Ann, who lives next door, is very friendly 4.The man who/ that you met at the party last night is a famous actor 5.There are some words that/ which are very difficult to translate 6.I’ve found the book that/which I was looking for this morning 7.Is that the car that/ which you want to buy? 8.Sandra, who you were talking to, works in advertising 9.The little girl who/ that sat next to me on the coach ate sweets the whole way 10.Lan, whose tape recorder was stolen, is a journalist 11 I don’t know the name of the woman who/ that I spoke to on the phone 12 We often go to visit our friends in Bristol, which is only 30 miles away Lesson 10: 13 This is Mr Carter, who I was telling you about 14 That is the room where the meeting is held 15 I’ll always remember the day when I first saw that sight 16 She was born in Malaysia, where rubber trees grow well 17.No one knows the school where my uncle taught 10 years ago 18 Please ask them the time when the train stared the trip 19 New Year’s Day is the day when all family members gather and enjoy a family dinner 20 There are many hotels where tourists can enjoy their holidays 21.India is the country where we the earthquake occurred last month 22 Bac Giang is the city where I was born and grew up 23 We have not decided the day when we’ll go to London 24.The man whom I love with all my heart made me sad the most 25 The thief was caught, that was a really good news 26 The gentleman who was introduced as the most successful businessman was very young 27 His book, which was punished last year, became the best seller 28 Neil Armstrong, who walked on the moon, lived in the USA 30 Ha Long, which I visited last week, has grown into a big over the past few years Comparison I So sánh bằng: 1.Form: S1 + V + as + adv + as + S2 S1 + Be + as + adj + as + S2 Eg: - She runs as quickly as her brother - John is as tall as Tom - So sánh khơng bằng/ 1.Form: S1 + not + be/V + as/so + adj/adv + as + S2 S1 + be/V + less + adj/adv + than + S2 Eg: - He is not so good as his brother - I am less rich than you II.So sánh Đối với tính từ, trạng từ ngắn 1.Form: adv/adj + ER + than Eg: - Mr Brown is older than Mr Peter - He drives runner than I (do) Nguyễn Đức Vinh – Trường THCS Kim Ngọc 22 Tài liệu ơn thi vào lớp 10 PT Đối với tính từ, trạng từ dài 1.Form: more + adv/adj + than Eg: - A car is more expensive than a bicycle - Ha writes more carefully than Hai III So sánh Đối với tính từ, trạng từ ngắn 1.Form: the + adv/adj + EST Eg: - Ha is the tallest in the class - Lan runs the fastest in the class Đối với tính từ, trạng từ dài 1.Form: the + most + adv/adj Eg: - This is the most difficult lesson in the book - Huong speaks English the most fluently in my class * Các trường hợp ngoại lệ So sánh better worse more less farther/further nearer Good/ well (tốt) Bad/ badly (xấu) Many/ much (nhiều) Little (ít) Far (xa) Near (gần) So sánh best worst most least farthest/furthest nearest/next Exercises I.Chọn từ cụm từ ngoặc 1.Of the four dresses, I like the red one(better/best) Bill is the (happier/happiest) person we know Pat’s cat is (faster/fastest) than Peter’s 4.This poster is (colourfuler/more colourful) than the one in the hall 5.Does Fred feel ( weller/better) today than he did yesterday? 6.This vegetable soup tastes very( good/best) 7.Jane is the ( less/least) athletic of all the women My cat is the ( prettier/ prettiest) of the two 9.This summary is ( the better/ the best) of the pair 10 The colder the weather gets,(sicker/the sicker) I feel II.Dùng hình thức tính từ/ trạng từ ngoặc 1.Mary is (pretty) as her sister A new house is (expensive) than an old one His joib is( important) than mine Of the four ties, I like the red one(well) Nobody is (happy) than Miss Snow 6.Today English is the ( international) of languages Nguyễn Đức Vinh – 7.Jonh is much( strong) than I thought Benches are ( comfortable) than arm- chairs Bill is (good) than you thought 10.Mr Bush is the (delightful) person I have ever known 11.Dick is the ( careful) of the three workers 12.Is the book( interesting) than the one you read last week? 13 Gold is ( preciuos) than iron 14.The weather today is ( warm) than the weather yesterday 15.This film is not (good) as the one we saw last week 16.Holidays are( pleasant) than working days 17.Which is ( high) mountain in your coutry? Trường THCS Kim Ngọc 23 Tài liệu ơn thi vào lớp 10 PT 18 A house is ( strong) than a dog 19 Robert is ( fat) than his brother 20.The Pacific is ( large) ocean in the world III Viết lại câu sau, bắt đầu từ cho sẵn 1.Yesterday the temperature was nine degreea Today it’s only six degrees => It’s 2.The journey takes four hours by car and five hours by train =>It takes We were very busy at work today We are not as busy as that every day => We Jane cooks better than her sister => Jane’s sister 5.Tom is the best football player in this team => Nobody in this team Keys I 1.best 2.happiest 3.faster more colorful better good 7.least prettier the better 10.the sicker II 1.as pretty more expensive 12 more interesting more important 13.more precious best 14.warm happier 15.so good most international 16.more pleasant 7.stronger 17.the highest 8.more comfortable 18 stronger better 19 fatter 10 most delightful 20.the largest III 1.It’s colder today than it was yesterday It takes more time to travel by train than by car 3.We were busier at work today than usual Jane’s sister doesn’t cook as well as Jane Nobody in this team plays football as well as Tom 11 most careful Lesson 11: Some more structures Suggest( ®Ị nghÞ lµm viƯc g×) S + susgest + V-ing + O Eg: I suggest learning English S + susgest + that + S + should + V- inf Eg: I suggest that we should save energy Sau giíi tõ ®éng tõ ph¶i thªm ®u«i Ing On/in/of/by…… + V- ing Eg: We can save reduce garbage by collecting plastic bags MƯnh ®Ị chØ nguyªn nh©n : Because, as, since, for, now that – bëi v× Eg:They can’t go out becauce it’s very cold outside Nguyễn Đức Vinh – Trường THCS Kim Ngọc 24 Tài liệu ơn thi vào lớp 10 PT * Note: For : lu«n ®øng sau mƯnh ®Ị chÝnh Eg: The old man gets tired for he walks a long way MƯnh ®Ị chØ sù nhỵng bé: Although, even though, though Eg: Although it’s raining, Peter goes to the fields * Note: NÕu mƯnh ®Ị chØ sù nhỵng bé ®øng tríc, ph¶i cã dÊu phÈy Peter goes to the fields although it’s raining - Despite - In spite of + V-ing/ noun phrase Eg: Despite working hard, he can’t support his large family Athough he works hard, he can’t support his large family MƯnh ®Ị tr¹ng tõ chØ nguyªn nh©n Because of Due to ( bëi v×) + noun/ gerund phrase Owing to Eg: She got ill because he worked hard = She got ill because of working hard Tom didn’t go to the movies due to having seen the film * Sù kh¸c gi÷a Because & Because of: *, …….because + pronoun/ noun + be + adj *,…… because of + poss/the + adj + noun ( tÝnh tõ së h÷u) Eg: This man can’t see well because he’s old This man can’t see well because of his old age 5.Tõ nèi : - And( vµ): dïng thªm th«ng tin Eg: His father is a docter and he works in hospital - Or( hc): diƠn t¶ sù lùa chän Eg: Do you study Maths or Chemistry? - But(nhng): nèi hai ý t¬ng ph¶n Eg: He is fat but his brother isn’t - So(do ®ã, v× thÕ): diƠn t¶ hËu qu¶ Eg: He is busy, so he can’t help you - Therefore(do ®ã) ®ång nghÜa víi So, chØ hËu qu¶ Eg: He is busy; therefore he can’t help you *Kh¸c víi So: Therefore - cã thĨ theo sau dÊu phÈy(,) dÊu chÊm phÈy(;) hc dÊu chÊm c©u(.) - However(Tuy nhiªn): diƠn t¶ sù t¬ng ph¶n, ®ång nghÜa víi But, nhng lu«n nèi liỊn hai mƯnh ®Ị Eg: He’s over seventy; however, he’s still active It’s raining hard; the game is, however, going on Nguyễn Đức Vinh – Trường THCS Kim Ngọc 25 Tài liệu ơn thi vào lớp 10 PT Adverb clauses of result ( Mệnh đề trạng ngữ kết quả) S + V + so + adjective / Adverb + that + S + V Ex: The soup tastes so good that everyone will ask for more Preposition of time ( Giới từ thời gian ) : at, in ,on, from to, for, by - AT : + điểm thời gian cụ thể Ex : We have class at one o’clock + night Ex : I sleep at night - IN : + tháng/năm/ cụ thể Ex : I was born in1994 + the morning/afternoon / evening Ex : We have class in the morning - ON: + ngày tuần Ex : We have class on Monday + ngày tháng năm Ex: I was born on April 6, 2006 - FROM + điểm thời gian + TO + điểm thời gian Ex: We have class from 7.00 to 10.15 - FOR: + khoảng thời gian : để nói diễn Ex : We walked for hours to reach the waterfall - BY: + điểm thời gian Ex: Can you finish the work by five o’clock S + V+ too + adj/adv + (for someone) + to something (q làm ) - This structure is too easy for you to remember - He ran too fast for me to follow S + V + so + adj/ adv + that +S + V (q mà ) - This box is so heavy that I cannot take it - He speaks so soft that we can’t hear anything It + V + such + (a/an) + N(s) + that + S +V (q mà ) - It is such a heavy box that I cannot take it - It is such interesting books that I cannot ignore them at all S + V + adj/ adv + enough + (for someone) + to something (Đủ cho làm ) - She is old enough to get married - They are intelligent enough for me to teach them English Have/ get + something + done (VpII) (nhờ th làm ) Nguyễn Đức Vinh – Trường THCS Kim Ngọc 26 Tài liệu ơn thi vào lớp 10 PT - I had my hair cut yesterday - I’d like to have my shoes repaired It + be + time + S + V (-ed, cột 2) / It’s +time +for someone +to something (đã đến lúc phải làm ) - It is time you had a shower - It’s time for me to ask all of you for this question It + takes/took+ someone + amount of time + to something (làm thời gian ) - It takes me minutes to get to school - It took him 10 minutes to this exercise yesterday To prevent/stop + someone/something + From + V-ing (ngăn cản ai/cái khơng làm ) S + find+ it+ adj to something (thấy để làm ) - I find it very difficult to learn about English - They found it easy to overcome that problem 10.To prefer + Noun/ V-ing + to + N/ V-ing (Thích gì/làm gì/ làm gì) - I prefer dog to cat - I prefer reading books to watching TV 11.Would rather + V* (infinitive) + than + V (infinitive) (thích làm làm gì) - She would play games than read books - I’d rather learn English than learn Biology 12.To be/get Used to + V-ing (quen làm gì) - I am used to eating with chopsticks 13.Used to + V (infinitive) (Thường làm qk khơng làm nữa) - I used to go fishing with my friend when I was young - She used to smoke 10 cigarettes a day 14.to be amazed at = to be surprised at + N/V-ing: ngạc nhiên 15.to be angry at + N/V-ing: tức giận 16.to be good at/ bad at + N/ V-ing: giỏi / 17.by chance = by accident (adv): tình cờ Nguyễn Đức Vinh – Trường THCS Kim Ngọc 27 Tài liệu ơn thi vào lớp 10 PT 18.to be/get tired of + N/V-ing: mệt mỏi 19.can’t stand/ help/ bear/ resist + V-ing: khơng nhịn làm 20.to be keen on/ to be fond of + N/V-ing : thích làm 21.to be interested in + N/V-ing: quan tâm đến 22.to waste + time/ money + V-ing: tốn tiền tgian làm 23.To spend + amount of time/ money + V-ing: dành thời gian làm 24.To spend + amount of time/ money + on + something: dành thời gian vào việc , - I spend hours reading books a day - She spent all of her money on clothes 25.To give up + V-ing/ N: từ bỏ làm gì/ 26.would like/ want/wish + to something: thích làm 27.have + (something) to + Verb: có để làm 28.It + be + something/ someone + that/ who: mà 29.Had better + V(infinitive): nên làm Had better + not +V(infinitive): Kh«ng nên làm 30.hate/ like/ dislike/ enjoy/ avoid/ finish/ mind/ postpone/ practise/ consider/ delay/ deny/ suggest/ risk/ keep/ imagine/ fancy + V-ing - I always practise speaking English everyday 31.It’s + adj + to + V-infinitive: q để làm 32.Take place = happen = occur: xảy 33.to be excited about: thích thú 34.to be bored with/ fed up with: chán gì/làm 35.There is + N-số ít, there are + N-số nhiều: có 36.feel like + V-ing: cảm thấy thích làm 37.expect someone to something: mong đợi làm 38.advise someone to something: khun làm 39.go + V-ing: trỏ tiêu khiển (go camping ) 40.leave someone alone: để n 41.By + V-ing: cách làm Nguyễn Đức Vinh – Trường THCS Kim Ngọc 28 Tài liệu ơn thi vào lớp 10 PT 42.want/ plan/ agree/ wish/ attempt/ decide/ demand/ expect/ mean/ offer/ prepare/ happen/ hesitate/ hope/ afford/ intend/ manage/ try/ learn/ pretend/ promise/ seem/ refuse + TO + V-infinitive - I decide to study English 43.for a long time = for years = for ages: nhiều năm (dùng hồn thành) 44.when + S + V(QkĐ), S + was/were + V-ing 45.When + S + V(qkd), S + had + Pii 46.Before + S + V(qkd), S + had + Pii 47.After + S + had +Pii, S + V(qkd) 48.to be crowded with: đơng cài 49.to be full of: đầy cài 50.To be/ seem/ sound/ became/ feel/ appear/ look/ go/ turn/ grow + adj (đây động từ tri giác có nghĩa là: như/ là/ dường như/ trở nên sau chúng có adj adv phải chọn adj 51.except for/ apart from: ngồi, trừ 52.as soon as: sau 53.to be afraid of: sợ 54.could hardly: khơng ( ý: hard khác hardly) 55.Have difficulty + V-ing: gặp khó khăn làm 56.Chú ý phân biệt loại tính từ V-ed V-ing: dùng -ed để miêu tả người, -ing cho vật muốn nói chất người vật ta dùng –ing - That film is boring - He is bored - He is an interesting man - That book is an interesting one (khi khơng nên nhầm với –ed, chẳng hạn ta nói : a loved man có nghĩa “người đàn ơng mến mộ”, tức có nghĩa “Bị” “Được” đó) 57.in which = where; on/at which = when 58.Put + up + with + V-ing: chịu đựng 59.Make use of + N/ V-ing: tận dụng 60.Get + adj/ Pii 61.Make progress: tiến Nguyễn Đức Vinh – Trường THCS Kim Ngọc 29 Tài liệu ơn thi vào lớp 10 PT 62.take over + N: đảm nhiệm 63.Bring about: mang lại 64.Chú ý: so + adj such + N 65.At the end of In the end (cuối kết cục) 66.To find out : tìm ra, 67.To succeed in: thành cơng 68.Go for a walk: dạo/ go on holiday/picnic: nghỉ 69.One of + so sánh + N: 70.It is the first/ second /best + Time + hồn thành 71.Live in: sống ở/ Live at + địa cụ thể/ Live on: sống nhờ vào 72.To be fined for: bị phạt 73.from behind: từ phía sau 74.so that + mệnh đề: để 75.In case + mệnh đề: trường hợp 76.can/ could/ may might/ will/ would/ shall/ should/ must/ ought to (modal Verbs) + V-infinitive 77.Remember: - Remember doing sth: việc làm nhớ lại Ví dụ I remember closing the door - Remember to sth: nhớ phải làm việc Ví dụ Remember to close the door after class 78.Stop: - Stop doing sth: dừng hẳn việc làm Ví dụ I stopped smoking months ago - Stop to sth: dừng việc lại để làm Ví dụ I’m working in the garden and I stop to smoke 79.Regret: - Regret doing sth: việc làm thấy hối hận Ví dụ I regretted being late last week - Regret to sth: Lấy làm tiếc phải nói, phải làm điều Ví dụ I regret to be late tomorrow 80.Go on: - Go on doing sth: tiếp tục làm việc Ví dụ I went on talking for hours - Go on to sth: làm tiếp việc khác Ví dụ After discussing the English speaking club, we went on to sing Nguyễn Đức Vinh – Trường THCS Kim Ngọc 30 Tài liệu ơn thi vào lớp 10 PT 81 Mean: - Mean doing sth: mang ý nghĩa Ví dụ Getting bad marks means having to learn more - Mean to sth: dự định Ví dụ He means to join the army 82.Try - Try doing sth: thử làm việc xem kết Ví dụ This machine doesn’t work We try pressing the red button - Try to sth: cố gắng làm Ví dụ We try to work harder 83.Suggest: Ta có cấu trúc câu với suggest: - Suggest doing sth: Ví dụ I suggest him applying for another job - Suggest + that + clause (động từ mệnh đề với that dạng should ngun thể khơng TO) Ví dụ I suggest that he (should) apply for another job 84.See, watch, hear - See, watch, hear + sb + sth: Đã làm chứng kiến tồn việc Ví dụ I saw her go out - See, watch, hear + sb+ doing sth: Đã làm chứng kiến chừng việc Ví dụ I saw her waiting for him 85.Love, hate, can’t bear, like Love, hate, can’t bear, like + doing: sở thích Ví dụ I like getting up early Love, hate, can’t bear, like + to sth: Cho là, cho việc tốt cần phải làm Ví dụ I like to get up early 86.Sau allow, advise, permit, recomend tân ngữ bổ trợ to infinitive khơng có tân ngữ bổ trợ V-ing Ví dụ They allow smoking They allow me to smoke 87.Have sth done = get sth done: làm việc nhờ th người khác làm, khơng phải tự làm Ví dụ I have had my hair cut 88.Have sb sth = Get sb to sth: Nhờ làm Ví dụ: He has his secretary type the letters Nguyễn Đức Vinh – Trường THCS Kim Ngọc 31 Tài liệu ơn thi vào lớp 10 PT Nguyễn Đức Vinh – Trường THCS Kim Ngọc 32 [...]... tell him the answer because he is from home 3 My friend and I don’t have enough money , so we will not buy a house of our own 4 The weather isn’t better now, so we can’t go for a walk 5 I don’t know his address, and I don’t give it to you 6.He does not work slowly enough, so he makes many mistakes 7 I am not sent to prison She doesn’t visit me 8 I don’t win a big prize in a lottery, so I don’t give up... time/ money + V-ing: dành bao nhiêu thời gian làm gì 24.To spend + amount of time/ money + on + something: dành thời gian vào việc gì , - I spend 2 hours reading books a day - She spent all of her money on clothes 25.To give up + V-ing/ N: từ bỏ làm gì/ cái gì 26.would like/ want/wish + to do something: thích làm gì 27.have + (something) to + Verb: có cái gì đó để làm 28.It + be + something/ someone... two 9.This summary is ( the better/ the best) of the pair 10 The colder the weather gets,(sicker/the sicker) I feel II.Dùng hình thức đúng của tính từ/ trạng từ trong ngoặc 1.Mary is (pretty) as her sister 2 A new house is (expensive) than an old one 3 His joib is( important) than mine 4 Of the four ties, I like the red one(well) 5 Nobody is (happy) than Miss Snow 6.Today English is the ( international)... international) of languages Nguyễn Đức Vinh – 7.Jonh is much( strong) than I thought 8 Benches are ( comfortable) than arm- chairs 9 Bill is (good) than you thought 10.Mr Bush is the (delightful) person I have ever known 11.Dick is the ( careful) of the three workers 12.Is the book( interesting) than the one you read last week? 13 Gold is ( preciuos) than iron 14.The weather today is ( warm) than the weather... day All family members gather and enjoy a family dinner then 20 There are many hotels Tourists can enjoy their holidays there 21.India is a country The earthquake occurred in this country last month 22 Bac Giang is a city I was born and grew up there 23 We have not decided the day We’ll go to London on that day Trường THCS Kim Ngọc 21 Tài liệu ơn thi vào lớp 10 PT 24 The man made me sad the most I love... 36.feel like + V-ing: cảm thấy thích làm gì 37.expect someone to do something: mong đợi ai làm gì 38.advise someone to do something: khun ai làm gì 39.go + V-ing: chỉ các trỏ tiêu khiển (go camping ) 40.leave someone alone: để ai n 41.By + V-ing: bằng cách làm Nguyễn Đức Vinh – Trường THCS Kim Ngọc 28 Tài liệu ơn thi vào lớp 10 PT 42.want/ plan/ agree/ wish/ attempt/ decide/ demand/ expect/ mean/ offer/... the man worked hard , he could earn more money 2 If he weren’t away from home, I would tell him the answer 3.If my friend and ai had enough money, we would buy a house of our own 4 If the weather were better now, we could go for a walk 5 If I knew his address, I would give it to you 6 If he worked slowly enough, he would not make many mistakes 7 If I were sent to prison, I would visit me 8 If I won... - He ran too fast for me to follow 2 S + V + so + adj/ adv + that +S + V (q đến nỗi mà ) - This box is so heavy that I cannot take it - He speaks so soft that we can’t hear anything 3 It + V + such + (a /an) + N(s) + that + S +V (q đến nỗi mà ) - It is such a heavy box that I cannot take it - It is such interesting books that I cannot ignore them at all 4 S + V + adj/ adv + enough + (for someone) +... Exercises I.Chọn từ hoặc cụm từ đúng trong ngoặc 1.Of the four dresses, I like the red one(better/best) 2 Bill is the (happier/happiest) person we know 3 Pat’s cat is (faster/fastest) than Peter’s 4.This poster is (colourfuler/more colourful) than the one in the hall 5.Does Fred feel ( weller/better) today than he did yesterday? 6.This vegetable soup tastes very( good/best) 7.Jane is the ( less/least) athletic... doctor weren’t so late, he could see many patients 10 If ticket weren’t expensive, we would visit them in Hanoi Trường THCS Kim Ngọc 15 Tài liệu ơn thi vào lớp 10 PT A Chia động từ trong ngoặc 1 She wishes her father ( be) here now to help her 2 I wish they ( visit) us when they were in town 3 I wish someone ( give) me a job next month 4 If only I ( can take) the trip to Hanoi with her next summer 5 I wish ... so we can’t go for a walk I don’t know his address, and I don’t give it to you 6.He does not work slowly enough, so he makes many mistakes I am not sent to prison She doesn’t visit me I don’t win... Rewrite the sentences That man doesn’t work hard He can’t earn more money 2.I don’t tell him the answer because he is from home My friend and I don’t have enough money , so we will not buy a... to me on the coach 10.Lan is a journalist Her tape recorder was stolen 11.I don’t know the name of the woman I spoke to her on the phone 12 We often go to visit our friends in Bristol It’s only