Hiện trạng tài nguyên cây thuốc tại khu bảo tồn thiên nhiên văn hóa Đồng Nai

KHOA HQC CONG NGHE HIEN T R A IMG TAI IXIGUYEIM CAY THUOC TAI KHU BAO TON THIEN NHIEN VAN HOA DONG NAI Dang Viet Hung1, Nguyen Van Tap-’, Nguv^n Thi Ha1 t o m tAt Khu Bao ton Thien nhien Van hoa D ong Nai voi tai nguyen thirc vat da dang va phong phu. co khoang 1.401 loai thirc vat bac cao voi nhieu loai dac huu, nguy cap, quy, hiem a Viet Nam. Doi voi co ng dong ngu<n dan dia phuong tai khu bao ton thi m ot trong nhung nguon loi tu rung la thu hai cac cav thuoc ch ua benh de su dung trong ho gia dinh hoac ban ra thi truong de mang lai gia tri kinh tc*. KtH qua nghien cuu ghi nhan tai khu bao ton co 319 loai cay thuoc thuoc 258 chi, 110 ho, 4 nganh thuc vat bac cao. Tron g bai viet nay da gi<n thieu khai quat ve nguon tai nguyen cay thuoc va mot so loai cav thuoc pho bien co gia tn kinh te cao ; tinh hinh khai thac, su dung cac loai cay thuoc trong cong dong d|a phuong va m ot so giai phap gop phan bao ton va phat trien nguon tai nguyen cav thuoc. Tirkh6a: Cay thudc, Dong Nai, khu bao ton, tai nguyen 1. OAT VAN BE Khu Bao ton Thien nhien (BTTN) Van hoa Dong Nai ma truoc day la Khu Bao ton Thien nhien va Di tich Vinh Cuu dugc thanh lap nam 2006 theo Quyet djnh so 09/2006/QD-UBND cua tinh Dong Nai ngay 20 thang 2 nam 2006. Toan bo khu bao ton nam trong 3 xa: Ma Da, Hieu Liem va Phu Ly thuoc huyen Vinh Cuu - tinh Dong Nai, voi dien tich 68.788,3 ha. Theo Phan vien Dieu tra Quy hoach Rung Nam bo (2009) da thong ke dugc 1.401 loai thuoc 623 chi, 156 ho, cua 6 nganh thuc vat khac nhau. Trong do co mot so loai cay g6 quy, hiem nhu; Trac (D albergia coch inchin en sis), Cam lai (D albergia bah en sis), Giang huong (P terocarpus m acrocarpu s), Ven ven (A nisoptera costata), Dau song nang (D ipterocarpus dyeri), Lat hoa Dong Nai (C hukrasia tabularis var dongn ajensis) Tuy nhien, ket qua nay chu yeu moi ve thanh phan thuc vat rung, chua di sau dieu tra nghien cuu ve tai nguyen cay thuoc. Cong dong dan cu song xung quanh va xen ke a khu bao ton ben canh kinh te nong nghiep, tu xa xua den nay ho vln vao rung khai thac, thu hai cac loai lam san ngoai g6 bao gom: cay thuoc, tre nua, song may, cay an dugc cung cap cho nhu cau tai ch6 va dem ban. Van de khai thac va su dung cac cay lam thuoc nay da co tir lau va chua co nghien cuu nao de danh gia tinh hinh, hien trang va vai tro cua nguon tai nguyen nay tai khu bao ton. Duoi day la ket qua nghien cuu ve hien trang tai nguyen cay 1 Truong Dai hpc Lam nghiep - Ccr sor 2 2 Vi£n Dugc lieu thuoc nham gop phan bo sung nhung dan lieu khoa hoc quan trong tai khu bao ton. 2 . VAT LEU VA PHUONG PHAP NGMEN CUU 2.1. Vat lieu nghien cuu Doi tugng dieu tra, khao sat cua nghien cuu la cac loai cay thuoc co phan bo tu nhien tai khu bao ton. Noi dung nghien cuu bao gom: + Tim hieu thanh phan cac loai cay thuoc tai khu bao ton. + Xac dinh hien trang, phan bo, tmh hinh khai thac va su dung cua mot so loai cay thuoc pho bien. + De xuat bien phap gop phan bao ton va phat trien ben vung tai nguyen cay thuoc. 2.2. Phuong phap nghien cuu Nghien cuu tai lieu ve tai nguyen cay thuoc tai Khu BTTN Van hoa Dong Nai [4]. Di^u tra, khao sat thuc te theo 9 tuyen dien hinh dai dien cho cac dang dja hinh cung nhu trang thai rung cua khu vuc nghien cuu trong thoi gian tir thang 5 den thang 8/2012, ket hop voi quy trinh va phuong phap dieu tra cay thuoc cua Vien Duoc li£u [5]. Viec thu thap va giam dinh miu cay thuoc duoc tac gia thuc hien ket horp voi tra cuu cac tai li^ii chuyen mon nhtr Tir dien cay thuoc Vi£t Nam [3], cay thuoc va dong vat lam thu6c a Vi£t Nam [6]. Dong thdi duoc su giup do cua dic chuyen gia v£ phan loai thuc vat cua Vi£n Sinh hpc Nhgt ddi - Thanh pho Ho Chi Minh, Vi£n Dugc - B0 Y Te, 104 N6NG NGHlgP VA PHATTRliN NdNGTHON - KY2 - THANG 5/2014 KHOA HOC CONG NGHE T ru n g lain S am va I)ir<x‘ lieu - T han h pho Ho Chi M inh. P h ong van 17 ca n bo k iem lam tai c a c tram quan ly bao ve ru n g th u o c khu bao ton va 3 0 nguoi dan dia phuong gom n h ung th ay th u o c, dai dien nguoi dan c a c dan toe tai c a c x a trong khu b ao ton d e thu thap c ac th on g tin ve tinh hinh khai th ac, sir dun g cu a cac loai cay th u oc tai dia p huo ng. 3 . KET QUA VA THAO LUAN 3 .1 . V e th an h p han loai ca y lam th u oc f)a phat hien to ng so 3 1 9 loai c o co n g dung lam th u oc thuoc 2 58 ch i, 110 h o. 1 n ga nh thuv vat b ac ca o co m a ch . T inh d a da ng ve than h phan loai ca y th uoc k h on g ch i th e hien o so lu on g ca c taxo n cu a h e m a co n th e hien cr sir phan b o cua c a c ta xo n tro n g c a c nganh th u c vat khac nhau. K et qu a nay diroc the h im tro n g b ang 1 va hinh 1. Bang 1. Sir phan bo cac taxon cua tung nganh tai Ho Chi x>ai Nganh So luong T ile (%) So luong Ti le (%) So luong Ti le (%) Thong dat (Lycopodiophyta) 2 1.8 2 0 ,8 •) 0 ,6 Duong xi (Polypodiophyta) 8 7,3 11 4 .2 14 4.4 Thong (Pinophyta) 3 2 ,7 3 1.2 4 U Ngoc lan (Magnoliophyta) - Lop Ngoc Lan (Magnoliopsida) 78 7 0,9 2 00 7 7,5 2 44 7 6,5 - Lop Hanh (Liliopsida) 19 17,3 42 1 6,3 55 17 ,2 Tong cong 110 100 2 5 8 100 319 100 Hinh 1. Su phan bo die taxon cua tung nganh tai Khu BTTN Van h6a Dong Nai Nhu vay, thuoc nganh Ngoc lan co so loai Ion nhat, chiem toi 93,7% so voi tdng so 319 loai cay thuoc phat hien tai khu bao ton. Mot so ho co nhieu loai cay thuoc nhu: ho Ca phe (Rubiaceae) 18 loai, ho Thau dau (Euphorbiaceae) 16 loai, ho Dau (Fabaceae) 11 loai, ho Cue (Asteraceae) 9 loai, ho Tiet de (Menispermaceae) 8 loai, ho Vang (Caesalpiniaceae) va ho Gung (Zingiberaceae) m6i hp deu co 7 loai va 4 hp d£u co 6 loai la ho True dao (Apocynaceae), hp DSu tam (Moraceae), hp Cam (Rutaceae) va hp Tr&m (Sterculiaceae). So con lai, m6i hp chi co tu 1 d£n 5 loAi. MOt s6 chi co tu 1 den 3 loii d£u la nhung loAi c4y thuoc co gia tri su dung cao nhu; chi C6t to£i b6 (Drynaria) 2 loai, chi Thien nien kien (H om alom ena) 2 loai, chi Dia lien (K aem pferia) 2 loai, chi Hoang dang (F ibraurea) 2 loai, chi Bach bo (Stem ona) 3 loai, chi Bong b6ng {D racaena) 2 loai 3.2. Su phan bo va hi£n trang tai nguyen cay thuoc tai khu bao t6n 3.2.1. Phan bo Trong tong so cac loai cay thuoc da phat hien d khu bao ton, chung la nhung loai cay co thuong gap a ven duong di, bo nuong riy, tren cac trang cay bui va nhieu loai b trong cac quan xa rung. Tuy nhien, nhin chung trong so 319 loai phat hien ke tren gan nhu khong co loai phan bo tap trung thanh quan the uu the, ngoai tru loai Tram (M elaleuca cajuputi) moc tren vung dat thap va bi ngap nuoc khoang gan 2 ha o tieu khu 137. Mot s6 it cac loai khac, nhu Dia lien (K aem pferia galang a), Nhan tran Tay Ninh (A denosm a bracteosa) cung dupe coi la phan bo tuong doi tap trung thanh tung dam nho tai khu Da Dung thuoc xa Hieu Liem. Song loai Dia lien dang bi xam hai manh do vi£c mo rong nuong iiy de trong San. Loai Thi£n ni6n kien (H om alom ena occu lta) doi khi con sot lai mpt vai dam nho duoi tan rung a vung suoi Giang thuoc xa Phu Ly va vung suoi Mop thuoc tieu khu 137 Cac loai khac con lai, phan bo rai rac, co thg la nhung dam nho o ven duong di, nuong iiy cu hoac chi la ■ Thong dat ■ Oirang » □ Thong □ Ngoc lan NdNG NGHlfP VA PHAt IWI-N N6NG TH6N - KY 2 - THANG 5/2014 105 KHOA HOC CONG NGHl nhung ca the truong thanh hay la cay tai sinh tren dien tich kho xac dinh, vi du: Cot toai bo la to (Drynaria quersifolia), Hoang dang (Fihrauzea recisa va F. tinctoria), Day khai (C optosapelta tom entosa), Ba benh (Furycom a lon gifolia), Day sam (Cyclea barhata) 3.2.2. Hien trang Dieu tra va ghi nhan cho thay phan Ion nhung cay thuoc tai khu bao ton deu dugc su dung theo kinh nghiem cua nhan dan tai Dong Nai va cr cac dia phuong khac. Doi chieu voi danh muc 216 loai cay thuoc dang dugc khai thac thuong mai (cr cac muc do khac nhau) cr Viet Nam, thi cr day chi co khoang duoi 50 loai va nhom loai. Cac loai va nhom loai dien hinh dang dugc khai thac va su dung tai khu bao ton: + Sam bong bong gom 2 loai (D racaena gra cilis va D. angustifolia) : cay phan bo rai rac duoi tan rung cr khu bao ton co rk dung lam thuoc bo, kich thich tieu hoa. Day la loai ma nguoi dan dja phuong thuong khai thac de sir dung voi ten goi Sam cau, co ban tai cac diem tham quan du lich cr Can cu Trung ucrng Cue mien Nam va Khu Di tich lich sir Chi£n khuD. Hinh 2. Sam bong bong + Thien nien kien gom 2 loai (H om alom ena occu lta va H. cochin ch in ensis): cay thuong ua am, ua bong va moc thanh dam nho duoi tan rimg, ba khe suoi. Than r i Thien nien kien dimg trong cac bai thuoc chua dau lung, dau nhirc xuong khop. Loai da va hien vin dang bi khai thac do vay can co su huong din ky thuat khai thac cho nguoi dan nhim dam bao tai sinh. Hinh 3. Thi^n nifen ki$n nam + Dia lien gom 2 loai: Dia lien (fcicm p /en a galanga) phan bo chu yeu «'r vung rung x en va ven nuong riy a khu Da Dung (H ieu L e m ) . l^>ai Dia lien la hep (K. angustifolia) chi gap rai rac von so lugng it ca the duoi tan rung thua a vung suoi Mop (tieu khu 137). Than re (cu) cua Dia lien durn dung lam thuoc kich thich tieu hoa, chong non, dau bung, tieu chay Hinh 4. Dia li£n + Vang ddng (Coscinium fen estratu ni): la loai day leo than g6 hien con rai rac tai vung rung Bo ho va Suoi Mop (tieu khu 137). Song toan bo la nhung cay con nho hoac tai sinh tir goc sau khi chat, duong kinh than duoi 3 cm. Thuc te nay chung to Vang dang cr day da bi khai thac (khoang 10 - 20 nam truoc kia). Vang dang la nguon nguyen lieu chiet xuat beberin, lam thuoc chong nhiim khuan duong tieu hoa Hinh 5. Vang d£ng + Day khai (C optosap elta tom entosa): la cay bui moc dua, co the leo cao vai chuc met Cay ua Rang va chiu bong luc nho, thuong moc or ven rung hay rimg da bi khai thac manh. Goc v£ rk Day khai lam thudc chua dau xuong khop, gan day con dugc dung dl chua benh gut co ket qua tot + Choc mau ( Salacia cochinchinensis): la loai cay bui ua sang 6 ven rung hoac mpc rai rftc or vung thu sinh. Hoat chat chilt xuk tit r i d c loft Ch6c mau (chi Salacia) dugc dung l&m thu6c th fa yjftna gan. Day la cay thudc c 6 tri&n vQog, dft phit hi£n thay rai ric d vimg rung tfauOc ti6 i kfan 10R. 106 NdNG NGHlfP vA PHAT IR |6 | NON6 m O « -« V 2 -W /U tt S/2014 KHOA HOC CONG NGHE Ngoai mot so cay thuoc ke tren, tai khu bao ton co the khai thac mot cach han che cac loai khac nhir Cot toai bo la to (Drynan a qu ercifolia), Nhan tran Tay Ninh (A denosm a bracteosa) a vung Da Dung va Khu vuc Di tich Trung uong Cue mien Nam; Ha thu o trang (S treptocaulon ju ventas) 3.3. Nhung loai cay thuoc nguy dip, quy, hi£m thuoc dien can dupe bao ton tai khu bao ton De gop phan vao cong tac bao ton. van de phat hien cac loai thuoc dien nguy cap, quy, hiem hoac da bj giam sut nghiem trong la mot viec lam can thiet. Ket qua doi chieu voi cac van ban da ghi nhan duoi' 15 loai can bao ton a Viet Nam da ghi tai khu bao ton (bang 2). Bang 2. Nhung loai cay thuoc can bao ton cr K i u BTTN Van hoa Dong Nai TT T£n khoa hpc T6n Vi^t Nam Tinh trang nguy cap Danh luc do cay thuoc 2006 ND 32/2006 SDVN 2007 1 Aeginetia indica (L.) Roxb. Le duorng VU B2a,b VU B2a,b 2 Aquilaria crassna Pierre ex Lecomte Tram huong EN Al,c,d EN Al,c,d 3 Coscinium fenestratum (Gaertn.) Colebr. Vang dang IIA 4 Drynaria bonii C. Christ. Tac ke da VUAlc.d VU Ala,c,d 5 Euonymus chinensis Lindl. D6 trpng nam EN Alb,c,d 6 Fibraurea recisa Pierre. Hoang dang IIA 7 Fibraurea tinctoria Lour. Hoang dang la thuon HA 8 Homalomena cochinchinensis Engl. Thien nien kien nam EN Al,c,d B2a,b 9 Homalomena pierreana Engl. Than phuc VU Ale, Bl+2b,c 1 0 Hydnophytum formic arum Jack 0 kien EN B2,a,b EN Alb,d, Bl+2b,e 1 1 Nervillia spp. Cay mot ia IIA 1 2 Podocarpus neriifolius D.Don Thong tre la dai VUA2c,d VU A2c,d 13 Stemona cochinchinensis Gagnep. Bach bo nam VU Bl+2b,c 14 Stemona pierrei Gagnep. Bach bo la nho VUB2a,b VU Bl+2b,c 15 Tacca integrifolia Ker Ngai rom VUB2a,b VU Ala,c,d Ghi chu: - Danh luc do cay thudc 2006: cap EN - Dang bi nguy cap; VU - S e bi nguy cap (cac cap phan hang theo IUCN, 2001); - Nghi dinh 32/2006/N D - CP: IA - Thuc vat rung nghiem cam khai thac, su dung vi muc dich thuong mai; IIA - Thuc vat rung han che khai thac, su dung vi muc dich thuong mai; - SDVN2007: EN - Nguy cap; VU - Se nguy cap. 3.3.1. Ve tinh trang quan the cua cac loai 137). Hau het cac loai nhu; Tram huong (Aquilaria K& qua dilu tra tai tieu khu 137, tieu khu 108, crassna), Hoang dang (2 loai), Thien nien kien nam khu vyc Can cu Trung uong Cue mien Nam, rung (Homalomena cochinchinensis), Bach bp (2 loai) va Su6i Giang (Phu Ly), khu Da Dung (Hieu Liem) cho Ngai rom (Tacca integrifolia) von la nhung loai phan th«£y, nhin chung ca 15 lo£i k£ tr6n deu co kich thuoc bo rat rai rac nhung quan the cua chung van thu0c qu4n th£ nho ho$c da bj suy giim manh do khai thac loai nho, chua bao gio la loai uu th£ 6 day. Ca bi&t co nhu loai Vang ding (Coscmium fenestratum) chi con mot so it loai, tham chi mdi chi gap 61-2 di£m voi th£y cay nho or vung Sudi M6p va Bb Hao (tieu khu vai ca the (trong so 9 tuyen khao sat) nhu; NdNG NGHlfP VA PHAi !m£n N6NG THdN-KY2-THANG 5/2014 107 KHOA HOC CONG NGHE - Le duong (A eginetia in dica), Cay mot la {N ervillia spp.) a khu Da Dung va tieu khu 108. - Tie ke da (Drynaria bonii) a 1 diem voi 1 ca the 6 tieu khu 108. Tom lai, ca 15 loai trong danh sach deu thuoc dien hiem gap tai Khu Bao ton Thien nhien Van hoa Dong Nai. 3.3.2. Ve h ien trang bao ton Theo nhan xet cua cac can bo ky thuat 6 ban quan ly khu bao ton, cua luc lupng kiem lam khu bao ton va nhan dan dia phuong co the thay trong so cac loai can duoc bao ton da phat hien co mot so loai da bj khai thac nhir Tram huong, Vang dang, Hoang dang nen hien rat hiem gap hoac chi con lai cay tai sinh va cay nho. Cac loai con lai: Thong tre la dai (Podocarpus neriifolius), Le duong {Aeginetia indica), O kien (Hydnophytum form icaruni), Cay mot la (Nervillia spp.), Bach bo (Stemona cochinchinensis), Tac ke da (Drynaria bonii), D6 trong nam (Euonymus chinensid), Than phuc (Homalomena pierreana) va Ngai rom ( Tacca integrifolia von la nhung loai hiem gap hoac tir truoc toi nay cung chi thay voi mot dam nho cac ca the. Hien tai cac loai nay chua bi khai thac hoac cung co the do nguoi dan chua biet su dung nen chua bi khai thac, thu hai. Ve co ban cac loai trong dien bao ton ke tren khong (hoac it) bi sue ep boi su khai thac, su dung nhung chung co the bi rui ro neu khong co bien phap quan ly, bao ve chat che, nhat la mot so loai chi moi thay o 1 - 2 diem phan bo voi so luong it Ca biet doi voi vai loai trong so nay ngay ca can bo ky thuat cua khu bao ton cung chua duoc huong din nhan dang mot cach cu the. Chinh vi vay cac thong tin ve nhan dang loai, phan bo, tinh trang quan the tren la nhung din lieu quan trpng trong thuc hien nghien cuu de bao ton nguyen vi (In - situ) tai khu bao ton trong tuong lai. 3.4. xuit m0t so giii phap nham tang ctrfrng cong tac bio tdn di ddi v6i phat tri&i trSng mdt s6 loii ciy thu 6c ti£m nang 3.4.1. Ve co n g tac b ao ton Khu BTTN Van hoa Dong Nai, tinh Dong Nai duoc thinh lap voi muc dich bio ton nguyen trang ngudn gien dong, thuc vat rung, cic he sinh thai vi 2 di tich lich su phuc vu cho yeu cau nghien cuu, tham quan, du lich vi giio due truyen thong cich mang cho mQi tang lop nhan dan. Voi su quan tam, chu y dau tu cua Nhi nuoc, cua nganh vi mdt so to chuc quoc te, tir khi dugc thinh lip d£n nay khu bio ton da dat dupe nhieu thanh qua ro nrt. Trong do. truoc het rung cr day da duoc bao ve tot. it bi xam hai va khai thac. O nhieu noi trang thai rung duoc giu nguyen sinh hoac dang phuc hoi. mot so mo hinh lam sinh va trong cac loai cay ban dia da va dang phat trien tot. Ca 2 di tich lich su la Khu Can cir Trung uong Cue mien Nam va Di tich can cu Chien khu D da dupe ton tao, cang ngay cang co nhieu khach tham quan, nghien cuu. De phat huy nhung thanh qua nay. cong tae quan ly, bao ton tai nguyen rung (trong co ci tai nguyen cay thuoc) can dupe tang cuong. Cac hoat dong nay bao gom: - Tang cuong tuan tra phat hien, chong khai thac lam san, khai hoang lan chiem dit rung va phong chong chay rung. Tai viing Da Dung (Hieu Liem) va Suoi Giang (Phu Ly) vin con hien tupng mo rong dien tich nuong riy, hien tupng nay can som dupe giai quyet. - Truoc mat can cham dut viec khai thac tu do mot so cay thuoc. Mot so loai cay thuoc nhu: Nhan tran Tay Ninh, Thien nien kien, Sam bong bong, Ba benh ; chi cho phep khai thic voi so luong nho, su dung tai cho trong cong dong. - Nhim bio ton co hieu qui cac loii cay thuoc thuoc dien nguy cap, quy, hiem vi da bj suy giim manh can co kef hoach tap huan, huong din nhan dang cho can bo kiem lam, cin bo ky thuat cua khu bio ton de luu y bio ve chung. Cic thong tin v£ vi tri (toa do phan bo), tinh trang quan the vi cac dac di£m sinh vit hpc cua 15 loii niy cung can dupe cung cip cho can bo cua ban quin ly khu bio ton de xay dung ke hoach bao ton tai cho (In-situ) sat vdi tmh hinh thuc te d khu bao ton. - Tuyen truyen nang cao nhan thuc cho cong dong dia phuong song trong khu bao ton ve vai tro va gia tri cua tai nguyen cay thuoc. Boi cong dong dan cu trong khu bao ton, dac biet la dong bao Cho Ro, nhung nguoi cuoc song chu yeu phu thuoc vio tai nguyen thien nhien sin co trong rung. Do vay de nang cao nhan thuc cua ho ve bio ton da Hang sinh hpc vi dac biet li tai nguyen cay thuoc thi su tham gia cua cong dong li het sue quan trpng va nhung kien thuc bin dia cua hp li nhung y£u 16 quy& dinh den su phit trien b£n vung tii nguyen rung. C£c n0i dung can tuyen truyen, giio due hiring tbi: + Vai tro, tac dung cua rung d4i vdi ddi s6ng con nguoi. 108 n 6 ng nghiep v a phat m iu n 6 n g ih 6 n - K Y 2 -th A n g 5/2014 KHOA HOC CONG NGHE + Tam quan trong cua cong tac quan ly bao ve rung va bao ton da dang sinh hoc. + iAiat Bao ve va Phat trien rung, cac chinh sach co lien quan quan den cong tac quan ly bao ve rung (dac biet la chinh sach huong loi doi voi nguoi dan). + To chuc tham quan cac mo hinh dien hinh ve lam nghiep cong dong. 3.4.2. Phat trien ga y trong tai ch o m ot so loai cav thuoc tiSm nang * Lira chon d oi tuong: Tieu chi lua chon loai la nhung cay thuoc von co o khu bao ton. Nhung cay nay dem trong ngay tai vung dem cua khu bao ton se to ra thich hop, sinh trucmg, phat trien nhanh. Horn nua, day cung la nhung loai co gia tri kinh te cao, dang co nhu cau su dung nen viec gay trong se dem lai thu nhap cho nguoi nong dan. Mot so cay thuoc dien hinh la: Dia lien, Hoang dang, Nhan tran Tay Ninh, Ba benh (Mat nhan), Sam bong bong (Sam cau), Day sam (Sam long). * Van d e gion g : Truoc hit dua vao nhung cay hien co tai khu bao ton, tien hanh thu thap, boi mot so ca the hay hat giong dem nhan giong tai cac trung tam hay co so nhan giong cay lam nghiep. Cay giong san xuat ra tung budc duoc danh gia, xay dung tieu chuan giong (cap co so) truoc khi dem trong dai tra. Ngoai ra, co the tu nhan giong, mua giong tu nhung co so san xuat giong khac de dua vao gay trong. * G iai phap k y thuat: Truoc khi pho bien trong dai tra, tung loai can duoc nghien cuu trong thu nghiem va xay dtmg nhung mo hinh trong trinh diin. Phoi hop voi cac chuyen gia chuyen nganh de tien hanh nghien cuu trong, xay dung mo hinh va xay dung quy trinh ky thuat trong, di doi voi che bien tai ch6. Doi voi quy trinh trong cay thuoc can xay dung dam bao GAP. Timg quy trinh (doi voi moi loai) can duoc tom tat thanh to roi, bien soan ngdn gon de pho bien den tan nguoi dan. To chuc tap huan cho nhan dan, nhung nguoi tham gia trong cay thuoc ve ky thuat trong, che bien. Dong thoi, to chuc cho nguoi dan di tham quan cac m6 hinh trong cay thuoc da co o cac dia phuong khac. * Giai phap vS dau tu va lien doanh - lien k et X&y dung chifen luoc toan dien vi bao ton di doi voi phat trien ben vung tai nguyen cay thuoc 6 khu bao t6n. Trong do, cic nhiim vy bao t6n va quan ly duoc coi la trpng tam, di d6i v6i n6 li ki hoach phat trien tr6ng them tai chd die lo&i thu6c tai dia phuong va co gii tri kinh ti cao, nhim t^o them thu nhap cho nguoi dan, giam thieu sire ep xam pham va khai thac tu do cay thuoc o khu bao ton. Toan bo chien lir<rc nay can duoc cu the hoa thanh cac dir an voi cac bucrc di cu the. Vi nguon dau tu. truoc het phai b;im sat vao cac chuong tnnh nghien cuu, chuong tnnh bao ton va phat trien cong dong cua quoc gia va cac to chuc quoc te. Tren co so do tranh thu su dau tu, ho tro cua Nha nuoc, quoc te va cap tinh. Xu the chung trong viec trien khai cac chuong tnnh, du an vi cay thuoc cung nhu vi mot so linh vuc khac hien nay la su mo rong hop tac va lien doanh, lien kit. Doi voi viec phat triin cac loai cay thuoc can thiit phai co su phoi hop lien ket giua 4 nha: nha khoa hpc (nghien ciru), nha quan ly (dau tu, phoi hop, triin khai va thuc day du an), nha nong (nguoi san xuat) va nha doanh nghiep (dau tu va bao tieu san pham). Trong moi lien kit nay ca 4 nha diu rat quan trong va tiin hanh dong thoi, song vai tro cua cac doanh nghiep cam kit bao tieu san pham la mot dong luc thuc day nguoi dan phat triin gay trong cay thuoc. Hien da co nhiiu noi duoc cam kit bao tieu san pham theo gia thoa thuan, nguoi dan da tu bo von ra di san xuat cay thuoc ma khong can bat cir sir dau tu nao. 4 . KET LUAN Theo kit qua diiu tra da ghi nhan tai khu bao tin co 319 loai cay lam thuoc thuoc 258 chi, 110 hp, 4 nganh thuc vat bac cao co mach. Nguon tai nguyen cay thuoc tai khu bao ton tuong doi phong phu va da dang, tuy nhien nguon tai nguyen nay hien khong con nguyen trang do da va dang bi khai thac. Co 15 loai thuoc dien nguy cap, quy, hiim o Viet Nam. Trong do thuoc Danh luc do cay thuoc Viet Nam 2006 co 8 loai, Nghi dinh 32/2006/ND - CP co 4 loai va Sach do Viet Nam 2007 co 10 loai. Nghien cuu da dua ra duoc mot so bien phap thiit thuc nham gop phan bao ton va phat trien ben vung tai nguyen cay thuoc tai khu bao ton. TAI L IU THAM KHAO 1. Bo Khoa hpc va Cong nghe, Vien Khoa hpc va Cong nghe Viet Nam, 2007. Sach Do Viet Nam. Phan II - Thuc vat. NXB KHTN&CN. 2. Bo Nong nghiep va Phat trien nong thon, 2000. Ten cay rimg Viet Nam. 2000. NXB Nong nghiep, Ha Noi. 3. Vo Van Chi, 1999. Tir dien cay thudc Viet Nam. NXB Y hpc, Ha Noi. N6NG NGHlfP VAPHAt HmI n NdNG THON-KY2-THANG 5/2014 109 KHOA HQC CONG NOHfe 4. Phan vien Dieu tra Quy hoach Rung Nam bo, 2009. B ao cao D u an dieu tra xay dung danh lu c va tieu ban dong, thuc vat rung & Khu B ao ton Thien nhien va Di tich Vinh Ciru. 5. Nguyen Tap, 2006. Phut m g ph ap dieu tra cay th uoc va nghien cuu bao ton. NXB Khoa hoc & Ky thuat, Ha Noi, tr. 33 - 110. 6. Vien Duoc lieu, 2004. Cay thu(k' va d ong vat lam thu oc & Viet Nam. Tap 1-2. NXB Khoa hoc & Ky thuat, Ha Noi. STATUS OF MEDICINAL PLANT RESOURCES IN DONG NAI CULTUTAL AND NATURE RESERVE Dang Viet Hung, Nguyen Van Tap, Nguyen Thi Ha Summary Dong Nai cultural and nature reserve itself has various and abundant plant resources with more than 1,401 species including many endemic and rare species in Vietnam. For local communities living on reserve, the benefit coming from the forest is collecting medicinal plants for home using or sale at market As a result, the species composition of medicinal herbs is fairly diverse. They belong to 319 species, 258 genera, 110 families, 4 division were initially recorded. In this article, the author has introduced generally about medicinal plant resources, and some popular and high economic valued medicinal plants; the status of using of medicinal plants in local communities was also mentioned and some suggestion were pointed out for better management these medicinal plants. Keywords: M edicinal plant, Dong Nai, nature reserve, resources. Ngudi phan bi£n: PGS.TS. Nguyin Thi Ngoc Hu£ Ngiy nhin bii: 10/02/2014 Ngiy thong qua phin bi£n: 10/3/2014 Ngiy duy^t ddng; 17/3/2014 110 NdNG NGHIEP VA PHATTRlgN N6NG 1H&N - KY 2 - THANG 5/2014 . nguyen cav thuoc. Tirkh6a: Cay thudc, Dong Nai, khu bao ton, tai nguyen 1. OAT VAN BE Khu Bao ton Thien nhien (BTTN) Van hoa Dong Nai ma truoc day la Khu Bao ton Thien nhien va Di tich Vinh Cuu. TAI IXIGUYEIM CAY THUOC TAI KHU BAO TON THIEN NHIEN VAN HOA DONG NAI Dang Viet Hung1, Nguyen Van Tap-’, Nguv^n Thi Ha1 t o m tAt Khu Bao ton Thien nhien Van hoa D ong Nai voi tai nguyen thirc vat. tieu khu 108. - Tie ke da (Drynaria bonii) a 1 diem voi 1 ca the 6 tieu khu 108. Tom lai, ca 15 loai trong danh sach deu thuoc dien hiem gap tai Khu Bao ton Thien nhien Van hoa Dong Nai. 3.3.2.