REPORTED SPEECH (câu trần thuật)

REPORTED SPEECH I. Lý thuyết chung - She said: "I shall come back this store tomorrow". She said that she would come back that store the following day. -She said to me: "I shall come back this store tomorrow"  She told me that she would come back that store the following day. - Cách đổi - Giữ nguyên động từ SAY hoặc đổi SAY TO  TELL. - Đổi dấu phẩy (,) hoặc dấu hai chấm (:)  THAT và bỏ dấu ngoặc kép (""). - Đổi đại từ nhân xưng hoặc sở hữu tính từ cho hợp nghĩa. - Đổi động từ trong ngoặc kép  thì quá khứ (nếu động từ SAY ở thì quá khứ). 1. Khi chuyển một câu từ trực tiếp sang gián tiếp cần thay đổi những thành phần cơ bản sau: a. Thì của động từ: Thì của các động từ trong lời nói gián tiếp thay đổi theo một nguyên tắc chung là lùi về quá khứ (Note: nếu động từ dẫn ở câu gián tiếp là thì hiện tại thì thì của động từ trong câu gián tiếp không thay đổi so với câu trực tiếp) Thì trong Lời nói trực tiếp Thì trong Lời nói gián tiếp Hiện tại đơn ( S + Vs/es ) Quá khứ đơn S + Ved Hiện tại tiếp diễn ( S + is/am/are + V_ing ) Quá khứ tiếp diễn ( S + was/were + V_ing ) Hiện tại hoàn thành ( S + has/ have + PII ) Quá khứ hoàn thành ( S + had + PII ) Quá khứ đơn S + Vqk Quá khứ hoàn thành ( S + had + PII ) Is/am/are going to do Was/were going to do Can/may/must do Could/might/had to do Must Had to Will Would b. Thay đổi trạng từ chỉ thời gian và nơi chốn (Nếu có) Trực tiếp Gián tiếp Trực tiếp Gián tiếp This That Tomorrow The next day / the following day These Those Yesterday The day before / the previous day Here There Last + danh từ thời gian Ex: Last week The previous +danh từ thời gian/ the + danh từ thời gian + before → The previous week/ the week before Now Then Next + danh từ thời gian Ex: Next week The following/ The next + danh từ thời gian →The following/ the next week Today That day Ago Before c. Thay đổi c ác đại từ nhân xưng, tính từ sở hữu (Nếu có) Đại từ nhân xưng (Chủ ngữ) Tân ngữ Tính từ sở hữu Đại từ sở hữu I –> he/she We –> they You –> I/ we, he, she me -> him/ her us -> them you -> me/ him/ her my ->his/ her our -> their your -> my mine ->his/ her ours -> theirs yours -> mine 2. Chuyển câu từ trực tiếp sang gián tiếp có thể chia thành 3 nhóm cơ bản như sau: a. Câu trần thuật: b. Câu hỏi: * Yes/ No questions: => Gián tiếp: S + asked/ wanted to know + if/ whether + S+ V (lùi 1 thì so với câu trực tiếp) * Wh- questions: => Gián tiếp: S + asked/ wanted to know + Wh- word + S+ V (lùi 1 thì so với câu trực tiếp) c. Một số cấu trúc đi với to V/ Ving: * Một số cấu trúc đi với to V: Câu trực tiếp Câu gián tiếp Câu mệnh lệnh, đề nghị S + asked/ told/ ordered (sbd) + (not) to V Câu mời (Would you like ?) S + invited/ offered (sbd) + to V Lời khuyên (should/ had better/ If I were you / Why don’t you) S + advised (sbd) + (not) to V Lời hứa S + promised + (not) to V REPORTED SPEECH WITH GERUND Chúng ta sử dụng danh động từ sau các V tường thuật sau theo các cấu trúc dưới đây. 1. Apologize / apologise for V-ing: xin lỗi về việc gì - “Sorry, I’m late.” She said. - She apologized for being late - “Sorry, I made you disappointed”, the man said. - The man apologized for making me disappointed. 2. Accuse + O + of V-ing: buộc tội ai về điều gì - “You have stolen my bike yesterday” the boy said to his friend. - The boy accused his friend of having stolen his bike the day before. 3. Admit (admitted) + V-ing: chấp nhận / thú nhận điều gì. - “I told lie”, he said. - He admitted telling lie. 4. Congratulate + O + on V-ing: Chúc mừng ai về việc gì - “Congratulation! You won the quiz show”, my teacher said to me - My teacher congratulated me on winning the quiz show. 5. Deny + V-ing: từ chối, phủ nhận điều gì - “I didn’t do that”, he said. - He denied doing that. 6. Dream (dreamt / dreamed) of V-ing: mơ về việc gì / điều gì - “I want to have more money” the ma said. - The man dreamed of having more money. 7. Insist on + V-ing: khăng khăng, cố nài, năn nỉ làm việc gì - “I really need to meet you”, he said to her. - He insisted on meeting her. 8. Look forward to V-ing: rất mong đợi / nóng lòng làm việc gì - “I feel like to go out with you tonight.” The boy said to his friend. - The boy look forward to going out with his friend” 9. Prevent + O + from V-ing = Stop + O + from V-ing: ngăn cản ko cho ai làm gì - “I won’t allow you to play games”, mother said to the boy. - Mother prevented / stopped the boy from playing games. 10. Suggest + V-ing: Đề nghị làm gì Suggest that S + should + V (ng thể) + … : Đề nghị rằng ai đó nên làm gì. - “Shall we go out for dinner?” he said to us. - He suggested going out for dinner. - He suggested that we should go out for dinner. 11. Thank + O + for V-ing: cảm ơn ai về việc gì - “It’s very kind of you to show me the way”, the stranger said to the little girl. - The stranger thanked the little girl for showing him the way. 12. Think (thought) of V-ing: nghĩ đến việc gì - “He’s inneed. I think I’ll help him.” I said. - I thought of helping him. 13. Warn + O + against / about V-ing: khuyến cáo / cảnh báo ai về việc gì. - “Don’t be late for school once again”, his former teacher said to him. - His former teacher warned him against being late for school. EXERCISE I. Change these sentences into reported speech. 1. Mary said: “My father died a year ago”. 2. “Must you go now?”, said Mr. Brown. 3. John said: “I have finished studying my lesson”. 4. He asked me: “Why didn’t you come to class yesterday?” 5. “Remember to buy some sugar”, my mother said. - My mother asked…………………………………. 6. He said: “If I were you, I would tell her about that”. - He advised…………………………………………. 7. “Don’t take more than two of these at once”, said the doctor. - The doctor asked………………………………………………………………. 8. The traveler asked: “How long does it take you to get to London?” - The traveler asked me………………. 9. “Would you like to have dinner with us tonight,” Mike said. -Mike invited 10. “Why don’t you organize an English competition for our students?” said Ms Lien. - Ms Lien suggested………………………………………………… 11. “You won the scholarship. Congratulations!” Mary told me. -Mary congratulated……………………………………………… 12. “You were cheating” said David to Henry - David accused Henry…………………………………………. 13. “It was kind of you to help me with my homework” Lan said to Hoa. - Lan thanked Hoa ………………………………………………. 14. “I’m sorry I’m late, said Mr Thanh. - Mr Thanh apologized………………………………………… 15. He said: "I shall go with her" - He said that……………………………… 16. She said: "I can't find the broom" - She said that she……………………………………………………. 17. He said: "I am going to the movies tonight" - He said that……………………………………………………… 18. He said to me: "I will get married if my mother agrees" - He said to me……………………………………………………… 19. He says to me: "I will get married if my mother agrees" -………………………………………………………………… 20. “Did you phone me yesterday?” Tom asked Mary. - Tom asked Mary………………………………………… 22. I said to him: "Your motorcycle has been stolen" - I told him………………………………………………… 22. He says: "The river is rising early this year" - He says that……………………………………………………………………. 23. The girl said to me: "I am going to quit school" - The girl said to me she…………………………………………………………… 24. She says to me: "I'll come as soon as possible" - She said to me…………………………………………………………. 25 He said: "I'm leaving for the United States tomorrow" - He said that he…………………………………………………………………. 26. She said: "I don't understand my husband" - She said that………………………………………………………………… 27. He said: "You must go with your mother". - He said that………………………………………………… 28. I told them:" You're quite right" - I told……………………………………… 29. Tom said: "She does not like that fellow" - Tom said……………………………………………. 15. John said: "I have arrived here in time" - John said…………………………………………………………………. 16. The teacher said: "Tom, you must finish this work by 4 o'clock - The teacher……………………………………………………………. 17. He has said to me: "I once owned a small house in this village" - He has said to me…………………………………………………………… 18. The customer said: "I want to buy a pocket calculator" - The customer……………………………………………………………… 19 She told me: "I would be happy if my husband disclosed the secret". - She told me…………………………………………………………………… 20. Our teacher said: "you can do it if you try" - Our teacher……………………………………………………………… 21. The malefactor asked his neighbor: "Where do you live?" …………………………………………………………… 22."Can you help us?", the poor men asked the passer - by. …………………………………………………………. 23. The nurse asked me:" What is your name?" …………………………………………………………………. 24."Why are you so sad?", my classmate asked me. ……………………………………………………………………… 25"Did you bring the mosquito - net along?", my cousin asked me. ……………………………………………………………………… 26. The workman asked my father: "How high is that building?" ……………………………………………………………………. 27."Whose is this strip of land?", the millionaire asked landlord. ………………………………………………………………… 28."Are you angry with me?", I asked the typist. ………………………………………………………………… 29. The clerk asked me: "Which book do you want to buy?". …………………………………………………………………… 30. The performer said: "I shall go to the next village tomorrow" ………………………………………………………………… 31. My friend asked me: "Do you enjoy your Spanish class?" ………………………………………………………………… 32. Will everyone be ready to leave by 6?", the driver asked. ……………………………………………………………………… 33. My classmate said to me: "Did you hand in your paper to the professor?" ……………………………………………………………………… 34. "Are you going to join that organization?" Tom asked me. ………………………………………………………………………. 35. Virginia said: "Do you like to wear your Sunday clothes?" ……………………………………………………………………. 36."Can you go to the meeting with me tonight?" ,John asked us. ………………………………………………………………… 37. Mr. Smith said: "Have you taken the other two courses yet?" ………………………………………………………………… 38."Do I have to lock both of the doors?", the janitor asked. ……………………………………………………………………… 39. The fireman asked my roommate: "Did you ring the fire alarm?" ……………………………………………………………………… 40. She said to me: "Did you break this window last night?" …………………………………………………………………. 41."Don't play with that dirty cat", the father said to his son. …………………………………………………………………. 42. My neighbor said to the naughty boy: "Don't damage the flowers in my garden" ……………………………………………………………………… 43. "Don't frown at me like that", my sister said to me. …………………………………………………………………… 44. Her aunt said to Mary: "Don't buy expensive tickets for the concert" ………………………………………………………………. 45."Don't be lazy", our teacher said to us. ………………………………………………………… 46."Get a taxi", my adopted father said to me. ……………………………………………………………… 47."Give us some coffee", the students asked me. ………………………………………………………………… 48. The sick person said to me: "Don't give me any cream and sugar". ……………………………………………………………………… 49. I say to the policeman: "Show me where the post office" …………………………………………………………………. 50. We said to the painter: "Don't leave your brush and paint here". …………………………………………………………………… 51. The said to us: "Write these two exercise" ……………………………………………………………………. 52."Turn left at the corner and drive two blocks", policeman directed. …………………………………………………………………… 53. My friend said: "Show me all the arrows". ………………………………………………………… 54."Don't sit on my hat!", his wife said to him. …………………………………………………………………… 55. I said to the waitress: "Bring me a cup of white coffee, please". ………………………………………………………………… 56."Watch out for reckless drivers!", Frank said. ……………………………………………………………… 57. The speaker said: "Don't forget to vote for me!" ……………………………………………………………………. 58."Stop now and give me your papers", the professor ordered. …………………………………………………………………… 59.I said to the young student:" Come here and show me your paper". …………………………………………………………………… 60."Remember to lock all the doors", the janitor said to the boys. …………………………………………………………………… 61. The teacher has said to me: "You should obey the school regulations" ……………………………………………………… 62 Father said: "You mustn't go out tonight" ……………………………………………………………. 63. The girl said: "You needn't bring your umbrella." …………………………………………………………………… 64. The doctor will say: "You'll have to come tomorrow". ……………………………………………………………………… 65. The boy is saying to his father: "I need some money tonight" II. Choose the best choice. 1. He said he…………… at the “Ritz” Hotel. A.is staying B. has stayed C. was staying D. will stay 2. He asked me where I……………. A. have studied B. study C. am studying D. studied 3. Tina asked me how long I…………… a teacher. A. have been B. had been C. am D. will be 4. She asked me…………….I liked pop music. A. if B. whether C. that D. A&B 5. The students asked if I was going to teach them physics……………… A. the next day B. next day C. day next D. the day next 6. John asked me _______ in English. A. what does this word mean B. what that word means C. what did this word mean D. what that word meant 7. She said I _______ an angel. A. am B. was C. were D. have been 8. Laura said she had worked on the assignment since _______. A. yesterday B. two days ago C. the day before D. the next day 9. John asked me _______ interested in any kind of sports. A. if I were B. if were I C. if was I D. if I was 10. John asked me _______ that film the night before. A. that I saw B. had I seen C. if I had seen D. if had I seen 11. “Go home,” said the teacher to us. A. The teacher told us to go home B. The teacher said us to go home C. The teacher told us go home D. The teacher told to us to go home 12. “Please bring me some fish soup,” he said to the waitress. . REPORTED SPEECH I. Lý thuyết chung - She said: "I shall come back this store tomorrow". She. were you / Why don’t you) S + advised (sbd) + (not) to V Lời hứa S + promised + (not) to V REPORTED SPEECH WITH GERUND Chúng ta sử dụng danh động từ sau các V tường thuật sau theo các cấu trúc. teacher warned him against being late for school. EXERCISE I. Change these sentences into reported speech. 1. Mary said: “My father died a year ago”. 2. “Must you go now?”, said Mr. Brown. 3.