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Asked/told + Object (+ not) + To-infinitive S1 + Offered/recommended (+ Object) + To-infinitive *Note: Có thể sử dụng một số ĐT dẫn sau: commanded, requested, begged, promised, ad[r]
(1)Directed speech and reported speech
Bản quyền thuộc VnDoc nghiêm cấm hành vi chép mục đích thương mại I Lời nới trực tiếp lời nói gián tiếp
1 Lời nói trực tiếp: lặp lại xác từ người nói
- Lời nói trực tiếp đặt dấu ngoặc kép sau động từ có dấu phẩy (,) dấu hai chấm (:)
- Đơi mệnh đề đặt sau lời nói trực tiếp Ex: “I don’t like this party” Bill said
2 Lời nói gián tiếp (indirect/reported speech) lời tường thuật lại ý người nói, không cần phải dung từ người nói
Ex: Bill said that he didn’t like that party
II.Lời nói gián tiếp với động từ giới thiệu tại
Ex: My teacher of Geography says, “The Sun rises in the East” My teacher of Geography says (that) the Sun rises in the East.
III Lời nói gián tiếp với động từ giới thiệu khứ Ex: Nam said, “I am doing my homework now.” Nam said (that) he was doing his homework then.
* Câu trần thuật lời nói gián tiếp (Statements in reported speech)
Statement Reported speech
S + V + O
said/ to Sb (O) + That + S2V2 S1 + told (O) + That + S2V2 talked + about st
* Note: Có thể sử dụng số ĐT dẫn sau: thought, announced, explained, complained, believed…
(2)EX: They said, “We’ll return to Paris next month”
- They said they would return to Paris the month after Những quy tắc biến đổi từ câu trực tiếp sang câu gián tiếp Rule(Q
Tắc)
Direct speech (Trực tiếp) Reported speech (Gián tiếp)
1. Verbs (Động
từ)
Present simple (V/ Vs/es) Past simple (Ved)
Present progressive (is/ am/ are+Ving) Past progressive (was/ were+Ving)
Present perfect (have/ has+VpII) Past perfect (had+VPII)
Past simple (Ved) Past perfect (had +VpII)
Past progressive (was/ were +Ving) Past progressive/
Past perfect progressive (had +been +Ving)
Past perfect Past perfect
Future simple (will +V) Future in the past (would +V) Near future (is/ am/ are +going
to+V)
Was/ were +going to +V 2. Modal verbs Will Can May Must Would Could Might Must/Had to 3. Adverb of place This That These Those Here There 4. Adverb of time Now Then
Today That day
Yesterday The day before/ the previous day
The day before yesterday Two days before
(3)The day after tomorrow Two days after/ in two days’ time
Ago Before
This week That week
Last week The week before/ the previous week
Last night The night before
Next week The week after/ the following week
5. Subject /Object
I/ me She, he/ Her, him
We/ our They/ us
You/ you I, we/ me, us
*Câu mệnh lệnh, câu yêu cầu, câu đề nghị, lời khuyên….trong lời nói gián tiếp ( Orders, requests, offers, advice… in indirect speech)
Order Reported speech
V + O
Asked/told + Object (+ not) + To-infinitive S1 + Offered/recommended (+ Object) + To-infinitive *Note: Có thể sử dụng số ĐT dẫn sau: commanded, requested, begged, promised, advised, invited, reminded… * Câu hỏi lời nói gián tiếp (Questions in reported speech)
Questions Reported speech
1 Yes/No questions Auxiliary + S + V + O? (Do/does/did/had/will)
S1 + asked (+ Object) + If/whether + S2V2
2 Wh – questions
WH + Auxiliary + S + V + O? S1 + asked (+ Object) + WH + S2V2
*Note: Có thể sử dụng số ĐT dẫn sau: inquired, wondered, wanted to know…
*Lưu ý, trường hợp sau động từ không biến đổi
(4)EX: My father said “New York is bigger than London” - My father said that New York is bigger than London The teacher said, “The moon moves around the earth” - The teacher said that the moon moves around the earth He said, “ I always drink milk for breakfast”
- Peter said that he always drinks milk for breakfast
2 Lời nói trực tiếp có động từ tình thái như: could, would, should, might, ought to, used to, had better.
EX: My friend said, “You had better contact with her” - My friend said that I had better contact with her
3 Lời nói trực tiếp câu điều kiện loại II câu điều kiện loại II. He said, “ If I were you, I wouldn’t wait”
- He said that if he were me he wouldn’t wait
4 Thời khứ đơn khứ tiếp diễn có thời gian định thuộc mệnh đề chỉ thời gian.
1 She said, “My mother arrived on Monday” - She said that her mother arrived on Monday
2 He said, “When I saw them, they were playing tennis” - He said when he saw them they were playing tennis
EXERCISES ON REPORTED SPEECH I Turn these sentences into Reported speech.
1 She said,” I can’t find my umbrella”
_ They said, “We are learning English now”
_ “ My friend is coming next week”, Tom said
(5)_ “We shall overcome this difficulty”, they said
_ “ My father is a doctor here”, my friend said
_ “I am going on holiday tomorrow”, the boy said to his neighbor _
8 “ You will have to finish all these exercises before next week”, the teacher said to his students
_ “ I came back here early yesterday,” she said
_ 10 “ I’ve broken the vase,” she said
_ 11 “ I will never see you again,” the boy said to the girl
_ 12 He said to her, “You are my friend.”
_ 13 Johnny said to his mother, “I don’t know how to this exercise.” _ 14 “We are waiting for the school bus”, said the chidren
_ 15 Marry said, “My father died a year ago”
_ 16 John said, “I have finished studying my lesson”
_ 17 Mary said, “I can not go to the movies with you, John”
(6)18 “I shall expect to see you next Wednesday.” Mary said to her friend _ 19 He said, “I don’t know what happened.”
20 She said, “I went to the doctor yesterday.”
21 He said, “I have a toothache.”
22 She said, “I’ll write him a prescription.”
23 They said, “We’re going to the drugstore.”
24 He said, “The doctor gave me some pills.”
25 She said, “I go to the supermarket every day.”
26 He said, “I have received the envelope.”
27 They said, “We visited Cannery Row.”
28 She said, “I feel very sick.”
29 He said, “I bought some popcorn.”
30 They said, “We’re flying to California.”
(7)
32 Nam said, “my uncle often plants the vegetables in the afternoon.”
33 “My uncle will not plant the vegetables tomorrow afternoon”, she said
34 “Mr and Mrs Pike have just read these newspapers”, Nga said
35 She said, “I often listen to music at night.”
36 Lan’s mother said, “ My daughter usually brushes her teeth before meals.”
37 They said, “We have to the assignments now.” 38 Lan says, “My sister seldom rides a bike to school.”
39 They said, “Our teacher sometimes explains the difficult lesson.”
40 Nam said, “ I am doing my homework now.”
II Change the sentences below into direct speech.
1 My mother told me that she was sad then
_ One of my friends said that she liked learning English with her teacher _ The doctor told me that I could leave the hospital that day
(8)_ The teacher told his students that he would be busy the following month _ Tom invited me to his birthday party
She said the doctor had written her a prescription
He said that he had a toothache
She said she went to the museum every day
10 They said they were going to the supermarket
11 She said that the doctor had given her some pills
III Change the following sentences into reported speech: She said to him: “give me another glass of wine”
She said to me: “bring me a book”
Mother said to him: “open the window please!”
He said to me: “shut the door after you”
(9)He said to me: “don’t come back before one o’clock” My mother told me: “don’t forget to look at the door” He said to his brother: “don’t open the window, open the door”
10 He said to the girl: “don’t sit on my bed, sit on this chair please!”
11 The teacher said: “I am a teacher”
12 She said to me “I have a big house”
13 She said to me : “I am going to the party”
14 She said to me: “I gave him your letter.”
15 She said: “I have finished my work.”
16 Nam said: “I am not a pupil.”
17 Nam said: “I am going to Ho Chi Minh city.”
18 He said to me: “I have gone to your house.”
19 She says: “I knew your difficulties.”
(10)
21 He asked me: “Who is Oliver Twist?”
22 My mother asked me: “What‘s the matter with you?”
23 I asked him: “Which book you find?”
24 He asked me: “When you finish your work?”
25 Mai asked me: “Why didn’t you come?”
26 She says: “She had a wonderful evening.”
27 The teacher tells us: “You should learn harder and harder.”
28 My mother says that: “We are having a party tomorrow.”
29 I say to him: “Our teacher will come on time.”
30 Mai‘s parents say that: “We are going to invite twenty guests to the party
IV Change the following sentences into reported speech: “Open the door,” he said to them
-He told them
2 “Where are you going?” he asked her
-He asked her where
3 “Which way did they go?” he asked
(11)4 “Bring it back if it doesn’t fit”, I said to her
-I told
5 “Don’t try to open it now,” she said to us
-She told
6 “Is it going to be a fine day today?” I asked her
-I asked her
7 “He’s not at home”, she said
-She said that
8 “Is the bus station far away?” the girl asked
-The girl wanted to know
9 “Don’t stay out late, Ann” Tom said
-Tom told Ann
10 “Please let me borrow your car,” he said to her
-He asked
11 “Jean, have you seen my gloves?” Thomas asked
-Thomas asked Jean
12 Don’t leave the window open, Mary”, I said
-I told Mary
13 “I’ll have a cup of tea with you,” she said
She said that
14 “I’ll pay him if I can” she said
-She said that
15 “What are you going to next summer?” she asked
- She asked us
16 “I’ll phone you tomorrow,” he told Jack
-He told Jack that
17 “Can I sit beside you, Jean?” Tom asked
-Tom asked Jean
18 “I want a camera for my birthday,” he said
-He said that
19 “Don’t keep the door locked,” he said to us
-He told us
20 “How long are you going to stay?” I asked him
(12)21 “Are you going by train?” she asked me
-She wanted to know
22 “Don’t use too much hot water,” she said to us
-She asked us
23 “Will you come to my party?” she said to me
-She invited me
24 “Don’t it again,” she said to them
She told them
25 “ Did Mr Brown send the potatoes to you?” she asked
-She asked
26 “Don’t get your shoes dirty, boys,” she said
-She told.
27 “What you want for lunch today, Peter?” Mary asked
-Mary asked
28 “Can I borrow your typewriter, Janet?” asked Peter
- Peter asked if
29 “Why didn’t I get a computer before?” thought the office manager
-The office manager wondered
30 “You had better not lend him any more money, Elizabeth,’’ said John -John advised Elizabeth
31 “You stole my best cassette, Amanda!” said John
-John accused
32 “ You damaged my bicycle, John!” said Mary
-Mary accused
33 “When was your little boy born?” said the nurse to Mrs Bingley
-The nurse asked Mrs Bingley
34 “You should take more exercise, Mr Robert,” the doctor said
-The doctor advised
35 “Will I find a job?”, Tim said to himself
-Tim wondered
36 “I’m sorry I gave you the wrong number,” said Paul to Susan
(13)37 “When is the first day of your holiday, Peter?” Martha asked
- Martha asked Peter when
38 “Can I have a new bicycle?” said Anna to her mother
-Anna asked
39 “Don’t leave the house until I get back, William”, his mother said
- William’s mother told
40 “Don’t bite your nails,” said Mrs Rogers to her son
-Mrs Rogers told
41 “I’ve seen the film three times, Mary” said George
-George said
42 “I’m sorry, Angela,” said Martin, “I’m afraid I’ve damaged your car -Martin apologized
43 “Have you had enough for lunch?” the landlady asked us
-The landlady asked
44 “ John, please don’t tell anyone my new address,” said Mary -Mary asked
45 “Breakfast will not be served after 30” said the notice
-The notice said that
46 “Where is the best place to buy souvenirs?”
-I asked
47 “Don’t forget to bring your passport with you tomorrow”
- She reminded me
48 “Do not write on the wall,” said the teacher to the boys
-The teacher told the boys
49 “How many jobs have you had since 2000?” the interviewer asked Mr Simpson - The interviewer asked
50 “Why didn’t you report the incident to the police?” the officer asked the frightened witness
- The officer wanted to know
-The
end-ĐÁP ÁN
(14)2 They said that they were learning English then
3 Tom said that his friend is coming the following week
4 She said that she would help her mum with housework that weekend They said that they could overcome that difficulty
6 My friend said that her father was a doctor there
7 The boy said to his neighbor that he was going on holiday the next day
8 The teacher said to his students that you would have to finish all those exercises before the following week
9 She said that she had come back there early the day before 10 She said that she had broken the vase
11 The boy said to the girl that he would never see her again 12 He said to her that she was his friend
14 The children said that they were waiting for the school bus 15 Marry said that her father had died the previous year 16 John said that he had finished studying his lesson
17 Mary said to John that she couldn’t go to the movies with him
18 Mary said to her friend that she could expect to see her the following Wednesday 19 He said that he didn’t know what happened
20 She said that she had gone to the doctor the day before 21 He said that he had a toothache
22 She said that she would write him a prescription 23 They said that they were doing to the drugstore 24 He said that the doctor had given him some pills 25 She said that she went to the supermarket every day 26 He said that he had received the envelope
(15)29 He said that he had bought some popcorn 30 They said that they were flying to California 31 He said that he was cutting off the main valve
32 Nam said that his uncle often planted the vegetables in the afternoon
33 She said that her uncle wouldn’t plant the vegetables the next day afternoon 34 Nga said that Mr and Mrs Pike had just read those newspapers
35 She said that she often listened to music at night
36 Lan’s mother said that her daughter usually brushed her teeth before meals 37 They said they had to the assignments then
38 Lan says her sister seldom rode a bike to school
39 They said that their teacher sometimes explained the difficult lesson 40 Nam said that he was doing his homework then
II Change the sentences below into direct speech. My mother said, “ I am sad now”
2 One of my friends said, “I like learning English with my teacher” The doctor said, “I can leave the hospital today”
4 The film director said “I am willing to work now”
5 The teacher said to his students, “You will be busy next month” “Would you like to come to my birthday party?” Tom asked me She said, “The doctor wrote me a prescription”
8 He said “I have a toothache”
9 She said, “I go to the museum every day” 10 They said, “ we are going to the supermarket” 11 She said, “the doctor gave me some pills”
IV Change the following sentences into reported speech: He told them to open the door
(16)3 He asked me which way they had gone I told her to bring it back if it didn’t fit She told us not to try to open it then
6 I asked her whether/ if it was going to be a fine day that day She said that he was not at home
8 The girl wanted to know whether/ if the bus station was far away Tom told Ann not to stay out late
10 He asked her to let him borrow her car
11 Thomas asked Jean whether/if she had seen his gloves 12 I told Mary not to leave the window open
13 She said that she would have a cup of tea with me 14 She said that she would pay him if she could
15 She asked us what we were going to the following summer 16 He told Jack that he would phone him the following day 17 Tom asked Jean whether/if he could sit beside her 18 He said that he wanted a camera for his birthday 19 He told us not to keep the door locked
20 I asked him how long he was going to stay
21 She wanted to know whether I was going by train 22 She asked us not to use too much hot water 23 She invited me to come to her party
24 She told them not to it again
25 She asked whether/ if Mr Brown sent the potatoes to me 26 She told the boys not to get their shoes dirty
27 Mary asked what Peter wanted for lunch that day
28 Peter asked Janet whether/ if he could borrow her typewriter
29 The office manager wondered why he hadn’t got a computer before 30 John advised Elizabeth not to lend him any more money
(17)32 Mary accused John of damaging her bicycle
33 The nurse asked Mrs Bingley where her little boy had been born 34 The doctor advised Mr Robert to take more exercise
35 Tim wondered whether/ if he would find a job
36 Paul apologized to Susan for giving her the wrong number 37 Martha asked Peter when the first day of his holiday was
38 Anna asked her mother whether/ if she could have a new bicycle 39 William’s mother told him not to leave the house until she got back 40 Mrs Rogers told her son not to bite his nails
41 George said to Mary that he had seen the film three times 42 Martin apologized to Angela for having damaged her car 43 The landlady asked us whether/if we had had enough for lunch 44 Mary asked John not to tell anyone her new address
45 The notice said that breakfast would not be served after 9.30 46 I asked where the best place to buy souvenirs was
47 She reminded me to bring my passport with me the following day 48 The teacher told the boys not to write on the wall
49 The interviewer asked Mr Simpson how many jobs he had had since 2000