Bài giảng Văn hóa Anh Mỹ

Physiographic features of England • Total area: 130.410 km2 • Capital: London, the largest city in UK • Main river: Thames, 346km, the second longest river in • Flatlands are in the E

• Học phần: Văn Hóa Anh Mỹ

• Số tín chỉ: 4

• Giảng viên: Phạm Thị Hai Trang

Võ Nguyễn Hồng Lam

• Lớp: 54 NNA 1, 2,3

Lesson 1: Sightseeing in UK

4 regions in UK

England, Scotland & Wales

(Transcript of Video)

Lesson 2

The Geography and Climate of

Britain

Physiographic features of

England, Scotland and Wales

Physiographic features of England

• Total area: 130.410 km2

• Capital: London, the largest city in UK

• Main river: Thames, 346km, the second longest river in

• Flatlands are in the East: the Fens (marshland)

• Lowland in the South has many moors, hills, dales, rivers and canals

Seaports of England

Liverpool

Landscape

Lake District

Mountain ranges: Pennines

Flatland

Moor

Rolling hill: North Downs

North York Moors

Yorkshire dales

Physiographic features of Scotland

• Total area (include islands): 78,790 km2, many of the

islands are inhabited

• Capital: Edinburgh

• Largest city: Glasgow

• Longest river: Tay (188km)

• Has irregular coastline with many inlets from the sea (Firth

of Clyde, Firth of Forth)

• Is a mountainous area (>1/2 is highland); has lakes and

lochs (Loch Lomond, Loch Ness)

• Is divided into 3 areas: Southern Uplands, Central

lowlands, Highlands

- The Southern uplands are the fertile plains

and hills bordering

England

- The central lowlands runs from Edinburgh to Glasgow and contains industrial towns and most of the population

- Highlands are

mountains (Ben Nevis: 1344m, Britain’s

highest mountain)

Heather Peat

Bog

‘About three quarters of Scotland is made

up of bog, rock and heather and peat

soils’

3

Firth

Loch

‘Scotland has a very irregular coastline

with inlets from the sea called firths…

The Highlands contains narrow lakes or

Physiographic features of Wales

• Capital: Cardiff, the main seaport and shipbuilding centre of Wales

• Total area; 20,760km2

• River Severn: 354km, Britain’s longest river

• Mount Snowdon: Wales’ highest mountain

• Bala lake: largest natural lake in Wales

• Has an irregular coastline with bays (cardigan

bay)

• Is almost entirely mountainous with 3 main

regions (Snowdonia, Cambrian, Brecon Beacons)

1

2

River Severn

Bala Lake

Geography of Britain - Revision

Name the mountainous regions of

The Geography of Britain Britain is an island country that is surrounded by three seas: the North Sea, the Atlantic Ocean and the Irish Sea Britain

separated from Ireland and Northern Ireland by the Irish Sea and from France by the English Channel The most

mountainous areas are in the north of Britain: the Highlands

and Southern Uplands of Scotland The southern part of Britain contains smaller mountain ranges such as the Pennines in

England and Cambrian Mountains in Wales and the rolling hills

of England such as the Downs England also has most of the flatland such as drained marshlands called the Fens and the

moors of Devon and Cornwall The south part of Britain also has the greatest number of rivers and canals while the northern part has many narrow lakes called lochs and sea inlets called firths

Climate

• The climate of the United Kingdom is

classified as a mid-latitude oceanic

climate with warm summers, cold winters

and constant rainfall throughout the year

• very low sunshine hours throughout the

year

• England has a mild and moist climate,

annual temperature ranges between 11°C and 9°C

• July is the hottest month of the year, and

January, is the coldest month

• Fogs, mists, and overcast skies are

frequent, particularly in the Pennines and inland regions

• Rainfall is heaviest during October and average

rainfall is about 760 mm in most of England

• England has slightly warmer maximum and

minimum temperatures throughout the year

compared with Scotland and Wales

• The climate of Scotland is similar to the rest

Britain but has the coolest temperatures

• Wales also has similar weather to England but has slightly warmer temperatures

Northern Ireland Scotland England

Wales Great Britain/Britain United Kingdom

Geography Exercise 1 - Name each territory of the British Isles (darkened part) in the maps below

English Channel

London Celtic Sea

Cardiff Wales

Ireland

England

Irish Sea Dublin

Isle of Man

Northern Ireland

Belfast

Edinburg Scotland

North Sea Hebrides

Orkney Islands Shetlands Islands Atlantic Ocean

Physiographic features of

England, Scotland and Wales

State if the following statements are true or false.

1 England has the most number of seaports in Britain

2 The cliffs of Dover are white because they are made of chalk

3 Scotland is smaller than England but much larger than Wales

4 London is the largest city in the United Kingdom and Glasgow is

the second largest

5 Most of the land in Scotland is unfertile

6 The Pennine Chain, Scottish Highlands and Mount Snowdon are the

three main mountain regions of Britain

7 Wales has three main mountainous areas

State if the following statements are true or false

1 Britain has tropical monsoon climate

2 Sunshine hours in Britain are similar to Vietnam

3 Wales has a mild and moist climate

4 You should come to Britain in the spring

5 The rainy season in Britain lasts all year

6 London is a little warmer than Edinburg but slightly colder

than Cardiff during winter

What are the similarities between the geography of Britain

and Vietnam?

There are more than 4 similarities as cited below but they are some of the most essential

• 1 There highland areas in the North of both countries

• 2 The south of each country has the most amount of flat land: the Mekong Delta in Vietnam and the Fens and

moors of southern England

• 3 Each country is surrounded by three seas Vietnam

surrounded by the Gulf of Tonkin, South China Sea and Gulf of Thailand Britain surrounded by Irish Sea, North Sea and Atlantic Ocean

• 4 There is a network of canals in each country: in the Red River Delta of Vietnam and in southern England

What are the differences between the geography of Britain

• 2 Vietnam does not have peat soils or bogs such as in Scotland

• 3 Vietnam does not have firths such as in Scotland

• 4 Vietnam does not have rolling hills such as the English Downs

• 5 Vietnam has much larger forested areas (30% of total land area) while Britain has very little forest (12% of total land area)

• 6 Britain is an island state, Vietnam is not

Lesson 3

Cities,

population & countryside of

UK

Major and interesting cities in UK

• Scotland

– Glasgow – Aberdeen

• Wales

– Swansea

England

• Capital : London

• Major cities: London,

Birmingham, Manchester

• Interesting cities: York,

Oxford, Leeds, Liverpool,

Brighton, Sunderland,

Nottingham, Sheffield

• Population : 49 million (the

2001 population census)

Countryside: Lake District, The

Pennies, Dartmoor, North Downs

Manchester

Birmingham

London

London

population 7milion people in 625 square miles

Tower Bridge

London

• 625 square km

• 33 districts

• The capital of England and UK

• The center of government

• The center of financial, commercial, distribution and communication

• The world center for art

Birmingham

• A manufacturing and commercial city

• A communication center in the West

midlands

• The second highest population in Britain

• Has some cultural activities such as

Birmingham Royal ballet and the City of Birmingham Symphony Orchestra

Manchester

• An important cultural and commercial

center

• A regional capital of the North-West

• A major center for higher education, the arts and media industry

Scotland

• The capital: Edinburgh

• Major city: Edinburgh

• Interesting City :

Glasgow, Aberdeen

• Population : 5 million (the

2001 population census of UK)

• Countryside : Highlands

Edinburgh

• The historic and capital of Scotland

• A centre of law firms, banking, insurance and culture

• Has distinctive architecture, Edinburgh castle

• Has International Festival of Music and drama

Wales

• Capital: Cardiff

• Major city: Cardiff

• Interesting city : Swansea

Population: 3 million Countryside: Snowdonia,

Cambrian, Brecon Beacon

Cardiff

• The capital of Wales

• A major port for coal transport

• A shopping, commercial and industrial centre

• Has international sporting stadiums

• Has many universities and colleges

• Cardiff Bay has many tourist centres

• The capital and major city : Belfast

• Population: 2 million

Northern Ireland

Population in Northern Ireland

Belfast

• Capital of North Ireland

• Had a major shipbuilding, tabacco and linen industry

• Famous for Victorian architecture

City hall

The architecture

Belfast is famous for Victorian architecture

• refers to several architectural styles during the middle and late 19th century of Queen Victoria 1837-1901

• represents the British and French custom of naming architectural styles for a reigning monarch

UK Population

• 59 millions in UK (2001); 61,113,225 (2011)

– 49 m in England (51,807,053 in 2011) – 3 m in Wales

– 5 m in Scotland

– 2 m in Northern Ireland

Population

• crowded cities & less populated rural areas

• In Scotland, the population is more in

– The South-East -> the South-West

=> Population change is due to the change in

industries ( heavy industries such as coal, steel & shipbuilding ->light industries & services such as textiles, publishing & tourism)

South East England

South West and South East England

Living in cities (towns)

• 80% of the British people live in towns or cities

• Most town dwellers prefer to live in the countryside

• City life is polluted, crowded

Living in the countryside

• Many families from the city bought cottages in the country

to live permanently or use as a holiday home

• Many villages have inhabitants as commuters

• Pretty old cottages are for wealthy families

• Local people on low income live on the edge of the village

• 40% of villages no longer have a permanent shop

• 30% have no post office

• 13% have no bus service

• People in the countryside grow agricultural crops (wheat & barley) and do sheep and cattle farming

Barley

Revision exercises

1 Name the 6 Major cities of United Kingdom starting from the top of the map, ie, from Scotland

2 Name the 12 interesting cities from the top of the map, ie,from Scotland

The distribution of major cities, other cities, financial centres, arts and tourism centres across the United Kingdom

- England contains three of the six major cities and nine of the

twelve interesting cities of importance In addition, six of the nine financial centres are in England as well as five of the eight arts-

tourism centres Most cities that are financial centres usually also have arts-tourism centres (Manchester, Birmingham, Oxford and London)

-The majority of these combined financial and tourism- arts

centres are in England

Conclusion: It can be clearly seen that England is the state of

greatest economic and cultural importance in the United Kingdom and its economic prosperity is closely linked with the artistic and cultural life of the country

True or false?

• Swansea is in North Ireland

• Aberdeen is in Scotland

• Belfast is famous for Victorian architecture

• The South west of England experienced fast growing population but South East has been the fastest growing region

• Commuters are people who live in the cities and go to work everyday

• Most British people do not live in the countryside and do not want to live there because it is far form work

• Many villages do not have post office or bus service because their

quality are not good

• Moors and dales are common type of countryside in England

Chapter 4

What is Britain?

Unity & Divisions of UK

1 Unification of the United Kingdom

By the sixteenth (1536) century, Wales was fully incorporated into

English administration and law

By eighteen century (1707), ancient

kingdoms of Scotland was fully incorporated into English

administration and law

Ireland achieved

independence in twentieth century (1921), with the

exception of six northern

counties which remained part

of the United Kingdom

England + Scotland + Wales = Great Britain

Great Britain + North Ireland = United Kingdom

2 Divisions

- People who live outside Britain think that all British are

the same and their society is made of one culture

- They only know of a few famous people and places

-Britain is made of the cultures of the English, Welsh,

Scottish and migrants to Britain

2.1 Distinctions in Language/ speech

2.2 Distinction in demography ( ‘core’

+ The core area: inner and outer core consists of areas in England that are about 200 kilometers from London (Southampton,

Portsmouth, Brighton,

Northampton, Cambridge,

Canterbury and Dover

+ The periphery: Wales, the

Midlands, the North of England

and Scotland

2.3 Distinction in Life quality

Wealth

- South East & South West England, London and East Anglia have the highest gross

domestic product in Britain

- South East England accounts for 1/3 of

GDP of Britain

Income

- Income: Men in South

East England earn the

most and work the

shortest week

- Wages in Northern Ireland, Wales and the north of

England are 10 percent

below the national average

- The average earnings in South East England were 14% above the national

average in the 1990’s

Employment

- In 1996, the national average for

security

Health

- Death rates are highest in Scotland followed by north, north-west regions and lowest in south east and East Anglia

- Northern populations are more prone to heart disease and cancer

- People smoke and drink more heavily in the

North Example, Scots spend about1/3 more than the national average and women smokers

outnumber men smokers in the north-west

-In mid-1990’s north west of England had the

highest rates of births outside marriage

Education

- Fewer opportunities to enter higher education

in the Northern regions Example, Stranraer, the main town in south-west Scotland has no higher education facility within 80 km

- In mid-1990’s Yorkshire and Humberside

schools had the worst rate of absenteeism

- In mid-1990’s the north west of England had the lowest proportion of 16-year-olds in school

-Almost 50% of all 16-year-old students in the north leave school without further training

- In mid-1990’s the north of England had the worst school examination results

Lesson 6: Food and drink

Meat and two veg (vegetables) Chicken tikka masala and rice

Traditional Foods of Britain

Match the words to the pictures using the description

Bacon and eggs Cornish pasties Fish and chips Haggis Kippers

Marmalade Porridge Rice pudding Roast beef and Yorkshire pudding Sausages and mash Scones Shepherd’s pie Smoked salmon

Sandwiches

1 2

5

4

3

Traditional Foods of Britain

Cod

Porridge Sausages (or bangers ) and

mash

Roast beef and Yorkshire pudding

Traditional Foods of Britain

Description No

Ox liver or prunes wrapped in bacon and grilled with hot pepper

Fried onion, cabbage and potatoes

Toasted bread with anchovies, egg yolks and cream

A sausage made with pigs or ox blood, onions, oatmeal and fat

It is made with bread, beer, mustard and cheese

Sausages baked in Yorkshire pudding batter

1 Black pudding 2 Bubble and squeak 3 Devils on horseback

4 Scotch woodcock 5 Toad in the hole 6 Welsh rarebit (rabbit)