An Binh 13.12.2013REPORTED SPEECH Có hai cách thuật lại lời một người khác noiù: cách trực tiếp và cách gián tiếp.. Trong câuâu trựcc tiếp direct speech, ta nhắc lại nguyên văn lời người
Trang 1Mr An Binh (13.12.2013)
REPORTED SPEECH
Có hai cách thuật lại lời một người khác noiù: cách trực tiếp và cách gián tiếp
Trong câuâu trựcc tiếp (direct speech), ta nhắc lại nguyên văn lời người đã nói
- He said : “I have lost my pen.”
Trong câuâu gián tiếp (indrect speech) hay câu tường thuật (reported speech), ta diễn
tả tư tưởng trong câu người khác nói mà không cần lập lại nguyên văn câu nói của họ
- He said that he had lost his pen.
A CÂÂU PHÁT BIỂU (STATEMENTS IN REPORTED SPEECH)
1/ Ví dụ :
- He said : “ I have lost my pen this morning.”
_ He said that he had lost his pen that morning.
- She said to him: “I will go with you tomorrow.”
_ She told him that she would go with him the next day.
2/ Ghi nhớ : muốn đổi một câu trực tiếp sang câu gián tiếp, ta phải :
+ Giữ nguyên động từ giới thiệu said hoặc đổi said to thành told nếu có túc từ
+ Bỏ dấu hai chấm (:) và ngoặc kép (“…”) rồi thêm liên từ that
+ Thay đổi đại từ nhân xưng, tính từ sở hữu… theo qui tắc sau : Ngôi thứ 1 đổi
thành ngôi thứ như chủ từ ở mệnh đề chính Ngôi thứ 2 đổi thành ngôi thứ của túc từ Ngôi thứ 3 giữ nguyên không đổi
+ Thay đổi thì của động từ trong câu trực tiếp bằng cách cho lùi về quá khứ một bậc Cụ thể như sau :
Thay đổi về thì:
- present perfect cont - past perfect continuous
- simple future - present conditional (should/would)
+ Thay đổi một số từ chỉ thời gian và nơi chốn.
- today / tonight - that day / that night
- tomorrow - the following day / the next day
- yesterday - the previous day / the day before
- next week / month… - the following week / month…
- last week /month… - the week before /the month before…
- the day before yesterday - two days before
- the day after tomorrow - in two days’ time
- tomorrow morning - the following morning
- last Tuesday - the Tuesday before
- this / these - that / those
- He said : “ I’ll come here to take this book.”
_ He said that he would come there to take that book.
- They said to us : “You must do this work right now.”
_ They told us that we had to do that work at once.
Trang 2Chú ý :
* Khi câu trực tiếp biểu thị một tập quán, một sự thật hay một chân lý thì khi đổi
sang câu gián tiếp thì của động từ không thay đổi
- The lecturer said : “The earth moves round the sun.”
_ The lecturer said that the earth moves round the sun.
- The teacher said to them : “The Second World War ended in 1945.”
_ The teacher told them that the Second World War ended in 1945.
* Khi câu động từ giới thiệu ở hiện tại đơn, thì của động từ trong câu gián tiếp
không đổi và các từ chỉ thời gian hoặc nơi chốn vẫn giữ nguyên
- The doctor says to her : “You will have to stay here until tomorrow.”
_ The doctor tells her that she will have to stay here until tomorrow.
B CÂU HỎI (Questions in reported speech)
1/ Ví dụ :
- She said to me : “Do you like swimming ?”
_ She asked me if I liked swimming.
- Tom said : “Has she finished her home work ?”
_ Tom wanted to know if she had finished her homework.
- He asked me : “Why did you come home so late last night?”
_ He asked me why I had come home so late the night before.
- Mary said : “ What’s he doing now?”
_ Mary wondered what he was doing then.
2/ Ghi nhớ :
+ Đổi said thành asked (có hoặc không túc từ theo sau), wondered hay wanted to
know (không có túc từ)
+ Bỏ dấu hai chấm (:), dấu ngoặc kép (“…”) và dấu chấm hỏi (?) và giữ lại questionword (như what, where, how…) nếu là câu hỏi nội dung (Wh-questions) hoặc thêm if
(hay whether) nếu câu hỏi có hay không (Yes-no questions)
C CÂU MỆNH LỆNH (Commands in reported speech)
1/ Ví dụ : - The teacher said : “Go to the blackboard, John.”
_ The teacher told John to go to the blackboard.
- He said to them : “Don’t be late tomorrow.”
_ He told them not to be late the next day.
2/ Ghi nhớ :
+ Đổi said hay said to thành told hay asked và buộc phải có túc từ theo sau
+ Dùng to để thay thế cho dấu hai chấm và ngoặc kép khi là câu mệnh lệnh xác
định và dùng not to khi là câu mệnh lệnh phủ định
Tóm tắt Câu gián tiếp (reported speech)
1 Statements(Câu phát biểu)
* S + said + (that) + clause
* S + told + O + (that) + clause
2 Commands(Câu mệnh lệnh)
* S + told + O + to infinitive
* S + told + O + not + to infinitive
3 Wh-questions(Câu hỏi nội dung)
* S + asked + (O) + wh-… + clause
* S + wondered + wh-… + clause
* S + wanted to know + wh-… + clause
4 Yes-no questions(Câu hỏi có không)
* S + asked + (O) + if / whether + clause
* S + wondered + if /whether + clause
* S + wanted to know + if / whether + clause
Trang 3EXERCISE I : Put into the reported speech :
1/ Tom said : “I want to buy a pocket calculator for my father.”
- _ 2/ She said : “I once spent a summer in this village.”
- _ 3/ The nurse said : “The patient in this room didn’t obey your orders, Doctor.”
- _ 4/ They said to me : “You taught us English last year.”
- _ 5/ Mr Brown said : “Our trip cost us two thousand dollars.”
- _ 6/ He said to her: “ I can’t find my hat anywhere in this room.”
- _ 7/ My father said to them: “My secretary is going to finish this job.”
- _ 8/ They said: “We can’t meet you here either today or tomorrow.”
- _ 9/ My mother said: “I think it won’t rain tomorrow.”
- _ 10/ He said: “Your car has been stolen, John.”
- _ 11/ They said: “The river is rising early this year.”
- _ 12/ He said: “I’ll expect her to come soon.”
- _ 13/ Our teacher said: “ World War II broke out in 1939.”
- _ 14/ The students said: “ We’ll be sitting for our next exam next Monday.”
- _ 15/ He said: “I’m going to finish this work.”
- _
EXERCISE II : Change to the reported speech:
1/ Mr Smith said: “Where are you going on your vacation this year?”
- _ 2/ She said: “Did the mechanic finish repairing your car?”
- _ 3/ She said: “Why has David been looking so miserable lately ?”
- _ 4/ I asked my friend: “Was anyone hurt in the car accident last month?”
- _ 5/ She asked me: “How old are you now?”
- _ 6/ He said to her: “Have you been to town today?”
- _ 7/ John said: “How long does it take you to get to London, Mary?”
Trang 4- _ 8/ The policeman asked the little girl: “What’s your name?”
- _ 9/ Mr Green said to his secretary: “Who did you talk to a few minutes ago ?”
- _ 10/ Paul said: “Can you swim, Mary?”
- _ 11/ He said: “Where can I find her in this town?”
- _ 12/ She asked her son: “Do you know which is the cup you used?”
- _ 13/ Helen said: “What did you say, Jack?”
- _ 14/ She said to him: “Why didn’t you get up early this morning?”
- _ 15/ He said: “Will it rain tonight?”
- _
EXERCISE III : Turn into the reported speech:
1/ The manager said: “Come into my office, please.”
- _ 2/ The teacher said to us: “Don’t make so much noise.”
- _ 3/ Mr Green said: “Please come to our dinner tonight, Bill.”
- _ 4/ Susan said to Tom: “Don’t call me again at this late hour.”
- _ 5/ She said to the boy: “Show me what you have in your hand.”
- _ 6/ The policeman ordered: “Stay where you are and don’t touch anything.”
- _ 7/ The old lady said: “Will you please water these flowers for me.”
- _ 8/ She said: “Don’t leave your coat on this chair.”
- _ 9/ She said to him: “Don’t speak to me like that and behave yourself.”
- _ 10/ Peter said: “Would you mind lending me your dictionary till next
Monday.”
-
EXERCISE IV : Rewrite the following sentences:
1/ The flight attendant said: “Don’t forget to fasten your seat belts.”
_ The flight attendant reminded _ 2/ The policeman said to her: “Show me your driving licence.”
_ The policeman ordered _ 3/ He said: “Did you see Mary yesterday?”
Trang 5_ He wanted to know 4/ He said: “Would you mind telling me the time?”
_ He told _ 5/ I said to my friend: “When did you buy your new car?
_ I asked 6/ My friend said to me: “We have known everything about that.”
_ My friend told _ 7/ I wondered why there were so many people at the station that day
_ I said: “ 8/ The teacher asked whether we had found the solution to the problem yet _ The teacher asked us: “ _ 9/ He ordered us not to touch anything in that room
_ He said: “ _
EXERCISE V : Turn into the reported speech:
1) John said, “I want to attend a famous university.”
John said _ 2) “I’m looking for the book you gave me last week,” Mary said to Peter Mary told Peter 3) Alfred said to John, “I did not promise to send you a telegram.”
Alfred
4) "I will get myself a drink," she said
She said
5) "I cannot drive them home," he said
He said
6) "Peter, do you prefer tea or coffee?" she said
She
7) "The film began at seven o'clock," he said
He said
8) The father said, “I was on a business trip the whole day yesterday.” The father 9) “My brother will get married next month,” James said
James
Henry told
He
Mike
13) "Don't play on the grass, boys," she said
She
14) He said, "Don't go too far."
He
15) "Don't make so much noise," he said
He
Trang 6The mother
My sister
Jane asked
Fred
Richard
Lucy
22) "Have you been shopping?" he asked us
He asked
23) "Where did you spend your holidays last year?" she asked me
She asked me
24) "Why haven't you phoned me?" he asked me
He asked me
John
_