bài giảng tiếng anh writing 1

1 NHA TRANG UNIVERSITY WRITING 1 Compiled by: Nguy ễn Ph ương Lan M.A October 2014 2 Subject details Subject name WRITING 1 Units of credit 2 Study length 15 weeks Prerequisite / Co requisite Pre-intermediate level Suggested study Commitment Approximately 2 class hours per week Term 9/1014 Subject Coordinator/ Lecturer Nguy ễn Phương Lan Contact details Tel: 0983729979 Email: phuonglan2014vn@gmail.com Proposed schedule Time Content Week 1 2 periods Introduction the subject Test Week 2 2 periods Part One: The Five Basic Sentence Patterns Week 3 2 periods Part One: The Five Basic Sentence Patterns Week 4 2 periods Part Two: Sentence Structures Week 5 2 periods Part Two: Sentence Structures Week 6 2 periods Part Three: Sentence Problems 1. Parallelism 2. Punctuation Week 7 2 periods 3. Sentence fragments 4. Run-on sentences and Comma Splices Week 8 2 periods 5. Choppy sentences 6. Stringy sentences Week 9 2 periods Practice: transformation; sentence-building Week 10 2 periods Practice: transformation; sentence-building Week 11 Revision 3 2 periods Mid term test TABLE OF CONTENTS PART ONE: THE FIVE BASIC SENTENCE PATTERNS PART TWO: SENTENCE STRUCTURES PART THREE: SENTENCE PROBLEMS 1. Parallelism 2. Punctuation 3. Sentence fragments 4. Choppy sentences 5. Run-on sentences and Comma Splices 6. Stringy sentences PART FOUR: PRACTICE 4 PART ONE: THE FIVE BASIC SENTENCE PATTERNS Pattern One: 1. The train has arrived. 2. The birds are flying. 3. Dead leaves fall. Extending pattern one: 1. The train has arrived early. 2. The birds are flying to the South. 3. Dead leaves fall on the ground. Exercises: I. Translate the following sentences into English, using pattern one (S + V) Pattern Two: a) N 1 LV N 1 1. I am a scuba diver. 2. The books have been the best sellers. 3. My class president is a girl. 4. my father may become chief engineer. 5. His uncle used to be a footballer. b) N LV AJD 1. Love is blind. 2. She appears sad. 3. His trip sounded interesting. 4. Her dream has come true Note: * N1 denotes that two noun as the subject and the complement of the base sample sentences say a thing or a person. * Complement is used to define, explain or clarify the subject. It is also called Subjective complement (SC) * Some other forms of Subjective Complement: 1. The car was mine. (POSSESSIVE PRONOUN) 2. The girl looked puzzled. (PAST PARTICIPLE) 3. The news is dissappointing. (PRESENT PARTICIPLE) 4. Seeing is believing. (GERUND) 5. He seems to understand quite well. (INFINITIVE) 6. She is twenty. (NUMERAL) 7. Alice is like her farther. (PREPOSITIONAL PHRASE) 8. The meeting is here. (ADVERB OF PLACE) 9. The meeting is at 2.30. (ADVERB OF TIME) 10. Who is it?- It’s me / him / her / us (PERSONAL PRONOUN) 11. That is what I wanted to do. (CLAUSE) Exercises: I. Translate the following sentences into English, using pattern one (S + V+ C) Pattern Three: N 1 V N 2 1. Most boys like football. SUBJECT + VERB (Intransitive) SUBJECT + VERB + COMPLEMENT SUBJECT + VERB(transitive) + OBJECT 5 2. John dislikes my father. 3. Dr Fleming won the Nobel Prize. 4. The store guarantees my TV set. 5. NhaTrang attracts many tourists. 6. Carelessness causes accidents. Enlarging Pattern Three: The key components are capitalized 7. THE young MAN on the corner SHOUTED AN ORDER angrily. 8. YOU STARTLED ME with that unearthly shout. 9. NEWSPAPERS in urban and rural communities INFLUENCE different PEOPLE in different ways. 10. THE little GIRL standing on the sidewalk RECOGNIZED THE fat MAN riding on a horse. Exercises: I. Translate the following sentences into English, using pattern one (S + V+ O) 1.Chính ph ủ tuyên bố lệnh ân xá cho tất các tù nhân chính trị. 2. V ị thủ t ư ớng đã cải tổ nội các của mình. 3. Thành ph ố phải giải quyết những vấn đề kinh tế xã hội. 4. Cho m ột buổi tiệc, bạn nên ăn mặc đẹp. 5. T ổng thống đã phủ quy ết dự luật này. 6. Cho đ ến nay nhà v ăn đó đã đoạt 2 giải thưởng quốc tế. 7. C ảnh sát đang điều tra vụ giết ngư ời. Pattern Four: N 1 V N 2 N 3 1. The sergeant taught the recruits their duties. 2. The bank promise the firm a loan. 3. The firm gave Sam a gold watch. 4. The salesman offered the housewife a free hair brush. 5. His father left the young boy a large fortune. 6. The man asked the boy some questions. * Pattern four can be transferred to Pattern Three by using a preposition before the indirect object to form a prepositional phrase or a modifier. Sentences 3, 5, 6 can be rewritten as follows: 3. The firm gave a gold watch to Sam. 5. His father left a large fortune for the young boy. . * Verbs followed by TO: advance forward lend play rent sing accord give mail post repay take award grant offer promise sell teach bring hand owe quote send tell deal pass read serve throw feed leave pay recommend show write SUBJECT + VERB + INDIRECT OBJECT + DIRECT OBJECT 6 * Verbs followed by FOR: bring choose find mix reach spare build cook fix order reservestrike buy cut get paint save take call design keep play secure write cash do leave pour set win * Verbs cannot be followed by TO, FOR: ask charge deny envy forgive allow cost refuse wish * Some verbs can only be used in the pattern V + O + “to” +Noun / Pronoun ask charge deny envy forgive allow cost refuse wish add explain confess demonstrate entrust propose announce describe introduce prove say / speak report declare dictate mention repeat suggest EX: He explained the situation to me. He confessed his crime to the court. Pattern Five: N 1 V N 2 N 2 1. The class elected Sue president. 2. The girl called the youngman a fool. 3. They have made Richarrd captain of the football team. Note: The two nouns following the verb in this pattern refer to the same person or thing. Therefore they are called N 2 . One is an object and the other is OBJECT COMPLEMENT ( or Objective Complement). * Some other forms of OBJECT COMPLEMENT: 1. The boy made the teacher angry. (Adjective) 2. I found her weeping. ( Present participle) 3. I saw him asleep. (Adverb) 4. His threat filled me with terror. ( Phrase) 5. We have made him what he is. ( Clause) Exercises: I. Translate the following sentences into English, using pattern one (S + V + IO +DO) 1. Một người lạ đưa cho cô ta một lá thư vào sáng nay. _________________________________________________ 2. Cha mẹ anh ta đã chọn cho anh ta một cô vợ đẹp. _________________________________________________ 3. Người cảnh sát đã chỉ cho ông ấy đường đến nhà ga. ____________________________________________ 4. Công ty đã hứa sẽ tăng lương cho công nhân. _________________________________________________ 5. Chúng tôi đã chuẩn bò cho bạn một bữa ăn nhẹ. _________________________________________________ II Translate the following sentences into English,using pattern one (S +V +O +to+ Prepositional object) 1. Công ty đã trao công việc đó cho người khác rồi. _________________________________________________ SUBJECT + VERB + OBJECT + COMPLEMENT 7 2. Anh ta chuyền bóng cho cầu thủ biên. _________________________________________________ 3. Xin ông vui lòng đưa thư này cho người thư ký. _________________________________________________ 4. Cô ấy dạy vật lý và hoá học cho học sinh tại trường đòa phương. _________________________________________________ 5. Bạn có thể để việc nấu ăn cho tôi. _________________________________________________ III. Translate the following sentences into English,using pattern one (S + V + O + for +Prepositional object) 1. Anh ta sẽ mua một món quà cho người bạn gái nhân ngày Valentine. _________________________________________________ 2. Anh ta rót thêm sâm banh cho những vò khách. _________________________________________________ 3. Có người đã để lại cho ông bức thư này. _________________________________________________ 4. Cô ấy đã pha cà phê cho tất cả chúng tôi. _________________________________________________ 5. Lúc này tôi không thể nào dành thời gian để đi nghỉ. _________________________________________________ IV. Translate the following sentences into English,using the verbs : allow, charge, cost, deny 1. Họ chúc chúng tôi một chuyến đi thú vò. _________________________________________________ 2. Chế độ ăn kiên này cho phép anh uống mỗi ngày một cốc rượu. _________________________________________________ 3. Họ tính tiền cho tôi theo giá mới. _________________________________________________ 4. Giới chủ nhân từ chối quyền sơ dẳng của giới thợ. _________________________________________________ 5. Chúng tôi ghen tò với anh ta về sự thành công của anh ta. _________________________________________________ V. Translate the following sentences into English,using the pattern V + O + “to” +Noun / Pronoun 1. Người quản lý đã giải thích với khách hàng tại sao hàng hoáø bò chậm. _________________________________________________ 2. Cô ta có đề cập tên của tôi cho cảnh sát không? _________________________________________________ 3. Họ thông báo cho bạn bề về sự đính hôn của họ. _________________________________________________ 4. Bác só đã không tiết lộ sự thật cho anh ta biết. _________________________________________________ 5. Thầy chủ nhiệm khoa thông báo kết quả cho các thí sinh. _________________________________________________ V. Translate the following sentences into English,using the pattern five S + V + O + C (Noun) 1. Họ bổ nhiệm ông ta làm bộ trưởng ngoại giao. _________________________________________________ 2. Họ đặt tên cho con của họ là John. _________________________________________________ 3. Chúng tôi đã chọn anh ta làm trưởng nhóm. _________________________________________________ 4. Ban giám đốc chỉ đònh bà ấy làm giám đốc mới. 8 _________________________________________________ 5. Bà ta tuyên bố lời nói của ông ta là một sự só nhục. _________________________________________________ PART TWO: SENTENCE STRUCTURES A.THE DEFINITION . These are sentences: 1. He is a student. 2. It’s hot today. 3. He looks tired. 4. Are you hungry? 5. Who’s there. 6. The man bought a new car. 7. Does your sister live with you? 8. Hurry! ( The subject in this sentence is “YOU”) These are not sentences: 9. Hot weather. (There is no verb) 10. The man bought. (This is not a complete thought) 11. Is very handsome. (There is no subject) PRACTICE: Work with a partner. Recognizing 1. Read each group of words our loud. Sentences 2. Decide which ones are complete sentences and which ones are not. 3. Write yes next to the complete sentences and no next to the non sentences. 4. Explain why the non sentences are not sentences Examples: No Is very hot today. (There is no subject ) Yes It is very hot today. ( _____________________________) 1. _____ My new classmate from Brazil. (__________________________) 2. _____ He speaks three languages fluently. 3. _____ Is very handsome. 4. _____ When arrive here. 5. _____He wants to start his own business. 6. _____He isn’t married. 7. _____Enjoys many sports, especially soccer. 8. _____Don’t worry. 9. _____Help! 10. _____They didn’t like. Subjects and Verbs Subject and verbs are the most important parts of a sentence. In English, the subject of a sentence is always expressed except in a command: Hurry! (We know that the subject is “you”) A sentence is a group of words that contains a subject and a verb and expresses a complete thought. What is a Sentence? The subject tells who or what did something. It is a noun or pronoun The verb often tells the action. However, sometimes a verb doesn’t tell an action. Sometimes it just links the subject with the rest of the sentence. 9 Action verbs: The car hit the pedestrian. My family lives in a two-bed room apartment. My roommate lost his car keys. Linking verbs: Skiing is my favorite sport. I feel sick. You look hungry. The most common linking verbs are be, become, feel, look, seem, smell, sound, and taste. PRACTICE: Work with a partner. Finding Subjects 1. Underline the subjects with one line. And Verbs 2. Underline the verbs with two lines. 3. Write S or V above each underlined word. Examples: My little brother is in the fifth grade. He watched TV and does his homework at the same time. 1. My best friend is single. 2. He likes his job but hates his boss. 3. He didn’t go to work yesterday. 4. This semester, he is studying English and computer science. 5. He and I don’t have any class together. 6. He speaks and understand English very well. B. SENTENCE STRUCTURES I. Simple Sentences There are four basic kinds of sentences in English: simple sentences, compound sentences, complex sentences, and compound-complex sentences. The subject in a simple sentence may be compound (My brother and I). The verb may be also compound (The laughed and cried). What is important is that there is only one subject-verb combination in a simple sentence. These are simple sentences. Notice that no commas are used in them. 1. My younger sister speaks English well. 2. My mother and father speak English well. 3. My mother and father speak and write English well. The simple sentences above can be written as formulas. SV- simple subject with simple verb SSV- compound subject with simple verb SVV- simple subject with compound verb SSVV- compound subject with compound verb PRACTICE: A. Work by yourself or with a partner. Identify the pattern in the Simple sentence following simple sentences. Patterns 1. Underline the subjects with one line. 2. Underline the verbs with two lines. 3. Write S or V above each underlined word. 4. Finally, write the formula for the sentence in the numbered space below A simple sentence is a sentence that has one-subject-verb combination. 10 Example: My grand father loves to fish and often takes me with him to his favourite fishing place. Formula: SVV 1. ______ 3. ______ 5. ______ 7. ______ 9. ______ 2. ______ 4. ______ 6. ______ 8. ______ 10. ______ II. Compound Sentences Here is the formula for a compound sentence: Notice that a compound sentence has a comma before the coordinating conjunction. A coordinating conjunction is a type of connecting word. There are only seven coordinating conjunctions in English. We will practice four of them: and, but, or, so. These are compound sentences: Simple sentence coordinating Simple sentence conjunction 1. My family goes camping every summer, and we usually have fun. 2. We want to go to Hawaii soon, so we need to save money. 3. Next year we will take a cruise, or we may just stay at home. 4. Last year we went camping at Blue Lake, but we had a terrible time. It is possible to connect three simple sentences. (Don’t connect more than three, however, and don’t use the same conjunction twice) Ex: We love to camp, but last year we didn’t enjoy it, so this year we will do something different during our vacation. My grand father 1 My grand father is old in years but young in spirit. 2 Everyday, he swims a mile and works in his garden, 3 He and my grandmother were married fifty years ago. 4 They have four children and ten grandchildren. 5 My grand father loves parties and invites our entire family to his house for a big dinner on his birthday. 6 All twenty of us eat and tell stories half the night. 7 He never gets tired and is always the last to go to bed. 8 On his last birthday, my brothers and I gave him a present. 9 We all put our money together and bought him a video game system. 10 Now he wants us to come over to his house every weekend A compound sentence is two simple sentences connected by a comma and a coordinating conjunction. Simple sentence , coordinating Simple sentence conjunction Simple sentence , but simple sentence, so simple sentence Compound Sentences versus simple sentences [...]... wants to learn Turkish 10 People love peace they hate war 11 He enjoys walking through the country He often goes backpacking on his vacations 30 12 He often watched TV when there were only reruns She preferred to read instead 13 They weren't dangerous criminals they were detectives in disguise 14 I didn't know which job I wanted I was too confused to decide V Choppy sentences 1 Definition: Choppy sentences... Therefore, if you take them out, the meaning may change Be careful! Rules to Remember! 1 Sentence fragments can make your writing very confusing Avoid sentence fragments in professional writing, formal writing, essays, business letters, and compositions 2 Sentence fragments are written and acceptable in the following types of writing:    poetry quotes and quoted speech (click here to see more about this... How To Clear Your Ears In An Airplane 1 Sometimes passengers’ ears hurt in an airplane 2This pain can be quite strong 3It is caused by unequal air pressure outside and inside your ears 4The air pressure in the airplane may be at 15 ,000 feet but the air pressure inside your ears is still at ground level 5Airlines recommend the following techniques to stop the 11 pain 6Pinch your nose closed with your... it is still dark when I go to work 6 Although I try to get up early even on weekends 7 I sometimes sleep late on Saturdays 8 When it is raining, of course 9 I never go out 10 I become moody and depressed 11 If I don’t exercise for several days Complex Now let’s learn about complex sentences Sentences A complex sentence has one independent clause and one or more dependent clauses The... DC, co ord conj IC DC (no comma) IC (comma) 16 PRACTISE A Work with a partner Complex Sentences 1 Underline the independent clauses with a solid line and the dependent clauses with a broken line 2 Draw a circle around the subordinating conjunction 3 Add a comma if one is needed Example: After I won the lottery last year, my wife and I traveled around the world 1 We were very excited when we won the lottery... a medical clinic 9 The travel business is changing because people are taking different vacations 10 After people have been in the jungles of Guatemala, they may find the beaches of Florida a little boring PRACTICE: After each sentence, select the option that best describes that sentence 19 1 Pauline and Bruno have a big argument every summer over where they should spend their summer vacation... pretend to blow your nose 7 This action makes the pressure equal and usually stops the pain 8You can also 1 simple SV 6 _ 2 _ 7 _ 3 _ 8 _ 4 _ 9 _ 5 _ PRACTICE: Writing Compound Sentences Work with a partner A 1 Connect the two simple sentences in each pair to make a compound sentence Connect them with and, but, or,... picnic If you visit my country, you should spend several days in the capital 15 Work with a partner PRACTICE: ID and DC clauses 1 Write IC (independent clause) OR DC (dependent clause) in the space to the left of each group of words 2 If it is a DC, circle the subordinating conjunctions Example: DC While the class was taking a test 1 I take a walk around the block 2 Before I go to work 3 This exercise... compound-complex You can check your answers below 1 2 3 4 5 Jason decided to stay up late because he had a lot of homework to do If you hurry, we might get to school on time Although Monica had a cold, she went to school because she had a test While washing the car, Todd slipped on the soap and he fell Dad takes the train to work even though he has a car 18 SUMMARY: KINDS OF SENTENCES Let’s summarize... PRACTICE: Simple Compound, and Complex sentences Work by yourself or work with a partner 1 Underline all independent clauses with a solid line and all dependent clauses with a broken line 2 In the space at the left, write the words Simple, Compound, or complex to identify each sentence type UNSUAL VACATIONS Complex 1 Some people like to relax and do nothing when they take a vacation _ 2 Other people . 1 NHA TRANG UNIVERSITY WRITING 1 Compiled by: Nguy ễn Ph ương Lan M.A October 2 014 2 Subject details Subject name WRITING 1 Units of credit 2 Study length 15 weeks Prerequisite. hours per week Term 9 /10 14 Subject Coordinator/ Lecturer Nguy ễn Phương Lan Contact details Tel: 0983729979 Email: phuonglan2 014 vn@gmail.com Proposed schedule Time Content Week 1 2 periods Introduction. weather. (There is no verb) 10 . The man bought. (This is not a complete thought) 11 . Is very handsome. (There is no subject) PRACTICE: Work with a partner. Recognizing 1. Read each group of words