Một số động từ theo sau có thể dùng Gerund or To Infinitive đều không thay đổi nghĩa: begin, start, hate, prefer, continue, like, intend, attempt.. Lời nói gián tiếp: Thay vì lặp lại ch
Trang 1Unit 2: PERSONAL EXPERIENCE
I Choose the word whose bold/ underlined part is pronounced differently form that of the other three
II Choose the word which has a different stress pattern from that of the other three.
III VOCABULARY & STRUCTURES:
1 The old man serves the ball skillfully He a good tennis player when he was young
2 I can’t hear you very well Please up a little bit
3 Normally he is rather but sometimes he talks freely about himself
4 He has recently got an interesting in a textile factory
5 Dragonflies remain stationary in the air while their prey to come near
6 He the effects of radiation when he suddenly fell in
A was studying B studied C had been studying D had studied
7 How many questions you so far?
A do/ answer B will / answer C did / answer D have/ answered
8 I John He me about his trip to Singapore
A met/ told B met / was telling C have met / told D met / have told
9 Look! A boy after a little dog
10 She said she met you once at the Hilton last year since?
A Have you met her B Had you met her C Did you meet her D Were you met her
11 The higher octane number of gasoline, the less knocking occurs in the engine as the fuel is
12 I’ve just seen Dad with a shovel in his hand He in the garden right now
A may be working B must be working C should work D is working
13 I don’t know what Mary was studying last night She Spanish
Trang 214 art appreciation is an individual matter, no work of art is ever perceived by two persons in exactly the same way
15 This is the first time I Hanoi
16 Right now, I some help What are you doing? Can you give me a hand?
17 Last night, while I a letter, the phone
18 Next summer, we’re a swimming pool built in our back garden
19 By the year 2000, many people currently employed their jobs
A have lost B will have lost C will be losting D are closing
20 The flat looks and comfortable
A nicely/ extremely B nice/ extreme C nicely/ extreme D nice/ extremely
21 Jack is an unsociable boy He often keeps quiet and retreated
A into his body B into his shell C in his house D in his place
22 I want to slip away without drawing too much to myself
23 I want a watch Do you have one?
A Swiss gold handmade B Swiss handmade gold
C gold Swiss handmade D handmade gold Swiss
24 They are living in a cottage.
A stone-built country B country stone-built C built-stone country D country built stone
25 Do you smoke ? I think there is a fire down the street
26 The cost of service is in the bill
27 I read in today’s paper that they are married
28 I don’t feel well I home from work tomorrow
29 The driver a speeding ticket The police are right behind him
30 What time tonight?
A does the concert begin B will the concert begin
C will the concert be beginning D is the concert going to begin
31 She nearly died of when he said such a secret thing
A embarrassed B embarrassing C embarrassment D embarrass
32 Most children like being made a fuss of by the others
33 Can you tell me one of your experiences?
A embarrassing B memorable C unforgettable D All are correct
34 The boy looks very like his father
A is the idol of his father B is the only child of his father
C is the image of his father D is the best child of his father
35 My little girl is always too shy to ask anyone for help
36 Have you ever had a look at a certain girl?
Trang 3A sneaky B timid C silent D strict
37 By the end of next year, we our English course
A will have completed B completed C have completed D will be completed
38 Can you help me? I this mobile phone two months ago, and now it
A had bought – didn’t work B have bought – hasn’t worked
39 No sooner the news than she
C had she heard – fainted D she had heard – fainted
40 If only you your mother what I said, everything all right
A didn’t tell – would be B hadn’t told – would have been
C don’t tell – will be D shouldn’t tell – would be
IV Choose the underlined word or phrase in each sentence that needs correcting:
1 There are more potatoes cultivated than any the other vegetable crop worldwide
17 Yesterday morning, while many other students are working hard in the library, Tom was working
on the field with his ball A B C D
18 No sooner I had entered my room than the phone started to ring
A B C D
19 When I was a small, I used to go fishing with my father and my brother
Trang 4* Read the passage carefully and choose the best word or phrase given to fill in each numbered blank:
“ Good accommodation makes a successful career” I didn’t believe in this saying until I arrived (1)
here to start my new job At first, I stayed in a mini hotel, but I soon realized that I needed a permanent (2) _ to live in as I was going to work in this city for long The (3) _ apartment I
had a look at was in the basement of a deteriorating old building; so it was (4) _ very damp in
winter, especially when the weather become snowy, apart (5) _ the fact that the only view was that of a dull red brick wall (6) _ I looked over a small apartment in a modern (7) _ It had
a comfortable (8) _ space for my big car and a large garden, but the (9) _ was certainly too high for me to afford I didn’t want to (10) _ up in a narrow, dirty place at all; so I decided to (11) _ a tiny ad for home sharing in the (12) _ newspaper This house was in a quiet neighborhood, and as (13) _ as I saw it, I immediately (14) _ in love with it I have been living there (15) _ then and have done my job even more successfully than ever before
* Choose the best option basing on the reading passage:
1 We can infer from the passage that at first the writer didn’t believe in the saying because _.
A he had to live in a small hotel B he hadn’t started his new job
C he hadn’t lived far away before D he had just arrived there then
2 He needed somewhere else to live permanently as the hotel was
A far away from his work B too uncomfortable to live in
C a wonderful place to live for long D the only good place for him
3 The word damp in the passage is closest in meaning to
4 What is the biggest disadvantage of the modern small apartment?
A It was too expensive B It was near the city center.
C Its garden was too large D The garage wasn’t big enough
5 In the end, the writer decided to settle down in
Trang 5UNIT 3: PARTIES
* GRAMMAR: GERUND AND INFINITIVE
I FUNCTIONS OF GERUND (Chức năng của Gerund):
1 Subject for a verb : (Làm chủ ngữ cho động từ )
EX: Swimming is good for your health
Smoking is not good for your health
2 Object for some verbs (Làm tân ngữ cho một số động từ) :
admit, advise, anticipate, appreciate, avoid, complete, consider, delay, deny, discuss, dislike, enjoy, finish, can’thelp, can’t bear, can’t stand, keep, mention, mind, miss, postpone, practice, quit, recall, recommend, resent,suggest, hate, love, like, start, begin, forget, remember, stop, regret, continue, acknowledge, endure(chịu đựng,cam chịu), imagine, justify, resist(kháng cự, chống lại), feel like, forgive, risk, tolerate
3 Object for preposition (Làm tân ngữ cho giới từ):
tobe interested in, tobe fond of, tobe bored with, tobe fed up with, tobe afraid of, tobe surprised at, tobe worried
about, tobe amused at, tobe amazed at, tobe famous for, tobe different from, tobe good/ bad at, tobe excited at/about, tobe frightened of, tobe keen on, tobe pleased with, tobe relaxed with, tobe exhausted at, tobe free from,tobe busy with, tobe absent from, tobe present at, tobe tired of, tobe terrified of, tobe nervous of, tobe successful
in, to be used to, to get used to, to think of/ about, to give up, to depend on, to insit on, to rely on,
4 Object for some phrases and expressions (Làm tân ngữ cho một số cụm từ và thành ngữ):
to look forward to, It’s no use, It’s no good, It’s worth, have difficulty + gerund
5 Một số động từ theo sau có thể dùng Gerund or To Infinitive đều không thay đổi nghĩa:
begin, start, hate, prefer, continue, like, intend, attempt.
6 Động từ theo sau dùng Gerund nghĩa khác dùng To infinitive nghĩa khác: stop , remember, forget, regret
7 Sau các động từ allow, advise, forbid, permit, recommend dùng được Gerund khi không có túc từ.
EX: Sorry, we don’t allow smoking in this room
I wouldn’t advise taking the car
II INFINITIVE WITH TO:
1 Làm chủ ngữ:
Eg: To love is to give
To find my house is easy
To save money now is necessary
2 Bổ ngữ của động từ:
Eg: Our duty is to study harder.
3 Làm tân ngữ cho một số động từ.(Theo sau một số động từ quy định)
afford, agree, appear, attempt, arrange, ask, beg, care, claim, decide, demand, expect, fail, hesitate, hope, learn,manage, need, offer, plan, prepare, pretend, promise, refuse, seem, struggle, threaten, volunteer, wait, want, wish
4 Verbs followed by a pro(noun) + an infinitive:
advise, allow, ask, arrange, beg, cause, challenge, convince, dare, encourage, expect, forbid, force, hire, invite,need, order, permit, persuade, remind, require, tell, urge, want, warn, teach, instruct (dạy, hướng dẫn, thông báo),get, would like, would prefer
5 Dùng làm tân ngữ của tính từ:
unable, afraid, amused, annoyed(làm bực mình,chọc tức), anxious, astonished(làm ngạc nhiên), certain, delighted,determined(xác định), eager, easy, good, glad, grateful, happy, hard, fortunate(may mắn, đem lại vận may),pleased, prepared, ready, safe, surprised, wonderful, worry
Eg: I’m glad to see you again
We are unable to solve the problem
6 Chỉ mục đích:
EX: We study hard to pass the exam
We go to school to widen our knowledge
III INFINITIVE WITHOUT TO:
Động từ nguyên mẫu không TO được sử dụng trong các trường hợp sau:
1 Sau các động từ khiếm khuyết: can, may,must, will, shall, could, should, might, ought to, would
Eg: He can speak 3 languages
2 Sau các động từ chỉ giác quan như: feel, hear, see, watch, make, let
Eg: I saw him unlock the door
He made me study hard (câu chủ động)
Trang 6She let the ball fall onto the floor.
* Nhưng những động từ này khi ở câu bị động phải dùng TO INFINITIVE ngoại trừ “LET”.
I was made to study hard, (câu bị đôïng)
He was seen to unlock the door
We were made to write a friendly letter
* Feel, hear, see, watch thường được thêo sau bởi V-ING khi đề cập đến sự tiếp diễn của hành động
Eg: I hear someone knocking at the front door
I saw the man walking down the street
3 Sau các động từ như: had better, would rather, have to
Eg: We would rather wait till tomorrow.
You had better put your money in the bank
* EXERCISES
I PHONETICS:
* Choose one word whose underlined part pronounced differently:
3 A pleasure B friendship C residential D unselfishness
* Pick out the word that has the stress pattern different from that of the other words:
3 A sympathy B sympathetic C enthusiasm D understand
II VOCABULARY
1 A party is a social for celebration and recreation
2 In the United States, people of all ages _ birthdays
3 A shop selling shoes is called a
A shop of shoes B shoe shop C shoes seller D shoe-selling shop
4 Mary usually keeps her money in a small
A bag in hand B bag hand C hand-in-bag D handbag
5 Who are your favorite _, Jack?
A movie stars B star movies C movies star D stars movie
6 I’ve just bought a _ Would you like to have a look?
A machine-washer B washing machine C washer machine D machine-washing
7 In some countries, girl students can only go to a _
A school of girls B school girl C girl school D schooling girl
8 A horse which runs races is called ………
A a horse-race B a race-horse C a race’s horse D a horse-racing
9 A race for horses is called ………
A a running-race B a racing-horse C a race-horse D a horse-race
10 A brush with which we brush our teeth is called ………
A a brush-teeth B a teeth-brush C a brush-tooth D a tooth-brush
11 A pool in which you may swim is called ………
A a swimming-pool B a pool-swimming C a swim-pool D a pool-swim
12 A table used for writing is called ………
A a table-writing B a writing-table C a writing-table D a written-table
13 A lamp which burns oil is called ………
A an oiling-lamp B an oiled-lamp C an oil-lamp D a burning-lamp
14 A dog used for hunting is ………
A a dog-hunter B a hunting-dog C a dog-hunting D a hunt-dog
15 A man who drives a taxi is ………
A a driving-taxi B a taxi-man C a taxi’s driver D a taxi-driver
Trang 716 The machine which the farmer uses to sow the grain is ………
A the sowing-machine B the sowing-farmer C the sow-machine D the sewing-machine
17 A cup used to drink tea is ………
A a cup-tea B a cup of tea C a tea-cup D a drinking-cup
18 A rod for fishing is called ………
A a fishing-rod B a rod-fish C a fish-rod D a rodding-fish
19 A court for playing tennis is ………
A a tennis-court B a courting tennis C a court-tennis D A and B are correct
* Complete the following sentences by using given words in the box:
1 It’s _ to wear casual clothes to a wedding party
2 Never keep the napkin into the collar when you are at a dinner table
3 There are _ job opportunities for young people in this city
4 At her birthday party, my friend happily my present with a very nice smile
5 If you want to enjoy a atmosphere, go with me to that barbecue tonight
6 The mission seems to an inexperienced young man like him
7 That unimportant file was just _ from the computer by its owner
8 Put the cutlery _ on the plate to inform the waiter that you have finished with that course
9 Passengers are usually advised not to get off the bus until it is _ stopped
10 Holding a reunion dinner on New Year’s Eve is a very special _ feature of Vietnamese people
III GRAMMAR AND STRUCTURES:
1 I have difficulty and English
A speaking – writing B speak – writing C to speak – to write D speak - write
2 They offered her but she refused
3 I don’t mind you the washing up
A help – do B helping – doing C helping – do D to help- to do
4 I’d like when I am sixty years old
5 We hope the students themselves will enjoy taking in outdoor activities
6 The children are looking forward to on holiday
7 You must try not to so many mistakes again
8 Her advice made him his mind
9 Ms Lan enjoys because she loves working with children
A to teach B to be taught C teaching D teach
10 My father doesn’t allow me in his room
11 It’s very me with money
A kind for you to help B kind to you helping
C kind of you helping D kind of you to help
12 It’s better to avoid during the rush hour
13 It was a nice day, so we decided for a walk
14 Would you looking after my children for a while?
15 Students should encourage questions in class
accepted, completely, congenial, cultural, diagonally, impossible,
numerous, removed, tucked, unacceptable
Trang 816 It is compulsory for students in schools uniforms
17 This class needs It’s very dirty
18 At school, students usually take part in money for charity
19 May I in? A to come B coming C came D come
20 Let’s for a walk A go B to go C going D went
21 Do you enjoy cartoon? A watching B to watch C watch D watched
22 They want by air because it is much faster than other means of transport
23 Why don’t you consider me? I really look forward to you
A visiting – seeingB to visit – to see C to be visited – saw D visit – see
24 It’s impolite people about their salary
25 Don’t in class, students! A talking B to talk C talk D talked
26 Who you English? A do teach B teaches C teach D does teach
27 You had better harder A to work B working C worked D work
28 is my hobby A Playing B Play C Played D To play
29 We should read different kinds of books our general knowledge
30 It’s not good to avoid the teacher’s questions in class
31 Students are interested in a party A to have B have C having D had
32 the exams, students have to learn hard A To pass B Passed C Pass D Passing
33 The girl denied the news A tell B told C to tell D telling
34 I can’t bear people at me A shout B shouting C shouted D to shout
35 Would you like your holiday with my family in Brazil?
36 My father is very keen classical music
A to listen B to listen to C on listening to D on listening
37 I remember next door to you when we were in Australia
38 My sister is good at tennis A play B playing C to play D staying
39 Do you hope your father again this weekend?
40 Never let children alone in the street
41 Have you promised with me ?
42 I am bored with computer games now
43 Susan is looking for something ………A eating B eat C to eat D to eating
44 My parents are interested in ……… football matches on TV
45 She used ………as a typist A to working B work C working D to work
46 ………stamps is my hobby A collecting B collect C collected D collection
47 I remember ………you about this before
48 He let the letter ……… on to the floor A fall B falls C falling D fell
49 I can’t stand ……… on underground when it is busy
A travel B travelling C to travel D to travelling
50 She hates ……… housework at weekends A doing B do C to be doing D being done
51 I had a headache, and the doctor asked me ……… some aspirin
52 She is keen on ……… with a doll A plays B to play C player D playing
Trang 953 Every day I spend two hours ……… English
A practise B to practise C practising D practised
54 I don’t mind ……… if you are tired
A driving B to be driven C to drive D drive
55 I don’t remember ……… the front door when I left home
56 Children enjoy ……… to ghost stories on Halloween night
A telling and listening B tell and listen
C to tell and listen D to tell and to listen
57 Have you finished ……… the table? A set B setting C to set D to be set
58 Mr Smith decided ……… a new TV
59 I can’t help ……… him in spite of his faults
60 Don’t forget ……… home as soon as you arrive at your destination
A to call B calling C having called D to be called
61 Jack made me ……… him next week
A to promise to call B to promise calling C promise to call D promise calling
62 If we want to get to the station on time, we’d better avoid ……… the highway
63 Tommy admitted ……… the rock through the window
A throwing B being throwing C to throw D to be thrown
64 He suggested ……… a double railway tunnel
A to build B built C building D that building
65 What makes you ……… so? A think B to think C thinking D having thought
66 Some people are used to ……… in crowded buses and don’t mind it at all
67 If you see Nisson, ……… you mind………him to get in touch with me ?
A will-reminding B will- to remind C would- to remind D would- reminding
68 Please let me ……… when you can come
69 I regret ……… you that I am unable to come tomorrow
70 Workers began ……… a number of wooden boxes
A unloading B unload C to unloading D unloaded
71 Would you mind ……… the phone number ? I didn’t hear properly
A to repeat B repeat C repeating D for repeating
72 What would you like ………for your breakfast ?
A eating B to be eaten C to eat D to have eaten
73 ……… in the country is something he loves
A Travelling B Travel C The travelling D To travelling
74 I was reading my books, but I stopped ……… a programme on TV
A reading to watch B to read to watch C to read for watching D reading watching
75 I want her ……… a special effort today
76 Let’s ………to the station right now or we will be late
77 You must try to make ……… their teeth
A these children to clean B these children clean
C these children cleaning D these children cleaned
78 Children should be encouraged _ their individual interests
A develop B to be develop C developing D to develop
79 This room is too dark We need a lighter shade
A painting it B to have it painted C to be painted D to have it paint
80 I was enjoying my book, but I stopped _ a programme on TV
A reading to watch B to read to watch C to read for watching D reading for watch
Trang 1081 The customs officer opened the suitcase if anything illegal was being brought into the country
82 Henry got into trouble when he refused _ his briefcase for the customs officer
83 I was just beginning _ asleep when I heard the phone
84 Would you please remember _ away all the tapes when you’ve finished listening to them?
85 The coach didn’t let anyone _ the team before the champion game
A to watch – practise B watch – to practise C watch – practise D watching – practising
86 The Smiths wanted to give their son every advantage However, they now regret him by providing too many material possessions
A having spoilt B having been spoilt C to have spoilt D to have been spoiled
87 Tom made me him next week
A promise to call B to promise to call C promise call D promise calling
88 I got Mary her car for the weekend
A to let me borrow B let me borrow C to let me to borrow D let me to borrow
89 My parents wouldn’t let me _ up late when I was a child
90 Barbara had her landlord the broken window before winter
91 She has been on a diet _ weight
A have lost B having lost C to have lost D to lose
92 Please let Jack _ with you A go B going C to go D goes
93 Mary was the last applicant by that interviewer
A to interview B to be interviewed C to be interviewing D to have interviewed
94 Children should be encouraged _ their individual interests
A develop B to be develop C developing D to develop
95 This room is too dark We need a lighter shade
A painting it B to have it painted C to be painted D to have it paint
96 The customs officer opened the suitcase if anything illegal was being brought into the country
97 Henry got into trouble when he refused _ his briefcase for the customs officer
98 I’m sorry, I meant to you, but I’ve been busy
A to write B writing C to have written D write
99 He heard the clock _ six and knew that it was time for him get up
A to strike – to get B strike – to get C strike – getting D striking – getting
100 I can heard the bell but nobody seems the door
A ring – to be coming to open B ringing – to be coming to open
C to ring – being come to open D A & B are correct
101 I caught him _ over my wall I asked him _ but he refused _ anything
A climbing – to explain – to say B to climb – to explain – to say
C climb – explaining – to say D climbing – to explain – saying
102 I was just beginning _ asleep when I heard the phone
103 Would you please remember _ away all the tapes when you’ve finished listening to them?
104 We were shocked to hear the news of your
A having fired B having been fired C to be fire D to have been fired
105 The Smiths wanted to give their son every advantage However, they now regret him by providing too many material possessions
A having spoilt B having been spoilt C to have spoilt D to have been spoiled
106 Tom mentioned _ in the accident as a child, but he never told us the details
A having injured B having been injured C to have injured D to have been injured
107 I think I hear someone the black window Do you hear it, too?
Trang 11A trying to open B trying open C try to open D try opening
108 During the earthquake, I felt the building violently
109 Mary was the last applicant by that interviewer
A to interview B to be interviewed C to be interviewing D to have interviewed
110 English is an important language _
A to master B for us to master C which we have to master D All are correct
* Choose the underlined part among A, B, C or D that needs correcting:
1 Could you help me doing this job? I don’t know how to get it started
* Choose the sentence A, B, C or D that best rewrites the root one:
1 We can’t make personal calls because the boss doesn’t allow it
A The boss doesn’t allow us making personal calls
B The boss doesn’t allow us to make personal calls
C The boss allows us not to make personal calls
D The boss doesn’t allow to make personal calls
2 I’d love to buy a dictionary, but I can’t afford
A I can’t afford to buy a dictionary B I can’t afford not buying a dictionary
C I can’t afford buy a dictionary D I can’t afford not to buy a dictionary
3 Jack said that he hadn’t cheated in the exam
A Jack denied not cheating in the exam B Jack denied cheating in the exam
C Jack denied not to cheat in the exam D Jack denied cheat in the exam
4 Police reported that a man had been helping them with their investigation
A A man was reported to have been helping them with their investigation
B A man was reported helping them with their investigation
C A man was reported help them with their investigation
D A man was reported to be helping them with their investigation
5 There are some letters which I have to type today
A There are some letters to write today B There are some letters to be written today
C There are some letters for me to write today D All are correct
UNIT 4: VOLUNTEER WORK AND LITERACY PROGRAMS
I GRAMMAR:
Trang 12* DIRECT SPEECH & INDIRECT SPEECH (Lời nói trực tiếp và lời nói gián tiếp)
1 Lời nói trực tiếp: được dùng khi chúng ta tường thuật lại lời của người nói bằng cách lập lại một cách chính xác
lời nói ban đầu Lời nói trực tiếp được đặt trong dấu ngoặc kép
EX: He asked, “ Where do you come from? ”
She cried: “ What an accident! ”
“ My cousin is a famous doctor”, he said
2 Lời nói gián tiếp: Thay vì lặp lại chính xác lời nói, chúng ta có thể diễn tả lời hoặc ý nghĩ của người nói bằng
lời lẽ riêng của chúng ta bằng cách sử dụng liên từ, thay đổi từ hoặc thì của động từ Loại cấu trúc này được gọilà lời nói gián tiếp
Eg: Fiona said, “ It’s getting late.” → Fiona said(that) it was getting late
* Chúng ta thường bỏ “that” sau các động từ tường thuật thông thường như: say, tell, think.
Ex: Tom said (that) his feet hurt a little
She told me (that) she enjoyed your party very much
* Danh sách các động từ tường thuật thường gặp:
accept, add, admit, advise, agree, answer, apologise, argue, ask, beg, command, comment, complain, conclude (kếtluận) , confess (thú nhận), continue, cry, decide, declare (tuyên bố), demand, feel, forbid, forecast (dự báo, dự đoán trước ) , guarantee (cam đoan, bảo đảm) , hear, imagine, inform, inquire, insist, invite, object, offer, order, point out, predict, promise, propose(đề nghị), recommend, refuse, say, shout, suggest, tell, thank, think, threaten, warn, whisper, wonder
3 Cách đổi lời nói trực tiếp sang lời nói gián tiếp:
a Đại từ và tính từ sở hữu thường đổi từ ngôi thứ nhất hoặc ngôi thứ hai sang ngôi thứ ba Trừ khi người nói thuật lại lời của chính mình
Eg: He said, “ I’ve forgotten my uncle’s phone number.”
→ He said (that) he had forgotten his uncle’s phone number
“ You have watered the flower twice, Mary”, he said
→ He told Mary that she had watered the flower twice
b Một số biến đổi cơ bản khi đổi sang lời nói gián tiếp:
+ Khi “ this, that, và these” được dùng như tính từ, chúng thường được đổi thành “The”
+ Khi “ this, that, và these” được dùng như tính từ, chúng thường được đổi thành “ it, they, them”
+ “ Here” có thể được đổi thành “ there”.
this year / month / week that year / month / week
last year / month / week the year / month / week before;
the previous year / month / week
next year / month / week the year / month / week after;
the following year / month / week
a year / month / week ago a year / month / week before;
a year / month / week earlier
c Tense (Thì)
+ Khi động từ tường thuật ở các thì hiện tại, chúng ta không đổi thì trong lời nói gián tiếp
Eg: He says, “ The bus is coming.” → He says the bus is coming
+ Khi động từ tường thuật ở các thì quá khứ, chúng ta đổi thì trong câu gián tiếp như sau:
Present Perfect Continuous Past Perfect Continuous
Trang 13Future Continuous Conditional Continuous
Eg : “ I never eat vegetables”, he explained → He explained that he never ate vegetables
must must(khi diễn tả sự chắc chắn) / had to (khi biểu thị sự cần thiết )
would have to (khi đề cập đến tương lai) Eg: “ I must go now,” Alice said → Alice said that he must / had to go at that time
e Lời nói gián tiếp qua câu hỏi:
* Wh – question:
Eg: He said, “ Where has she been?” → He asked/ wondered where she had been
“ What did your parents send?”, the officer asked → The officer asked me what my parents had sent “ Whom did you phone yesterday? ”, the boss asked
→ The boss asked whom I had phoned the day before
* Yes / No question:
“ Will the train leave on time? ” he said → He inquired whether / if the train would leave on time
He asked, “ Is there a waiting room?” → He asked if / whether there was a waiting room
II Lời nói gián tiếp qua câu mệnh lệnh, lời yêu cầu, lời khuyên với động từ nguyên mẫu:
1 Orders (Mệnh lệnh)
Eg: a/ “ Open the windows Turn on the lights”, my mother said
→ My mother told me to open the windows and turn on the lights
b/ He said, “ Don’t wait for me” → He told me not to wait for him
2 Requests: (Lời yêu cầu)
“Would you / Will you/ Could you turn down the radio, please?”, she said.
→ She asked/ requested me to turn down the radio
3 Advice (Lời khuyên)
“ You should stop smoking, Peter”, Ann said → Ann advised Peter to stop smoking
“ If I were you, I wouldn’t stay up late”, she said → She advised me not to stay up late
4 Reported speech with Gerund: (Lời nói trực tiếp với danh động từ)
“Why not + verb ? ” S + suggested + Ving
“ Why don’t you ? ” S + suggested that + O + should + Vo
“ Shall we ? ”
“Let’s + verb ”
Ex: “ Shall we take a rest here? ” , Tom said → Tom suggested taking a rest there
“ Let’s stop now”, he said → He suggested that we should stop
* EXERCISES:
I PHONETICS
* Choose the word whose bold/ underlined part is pronounced differently from that of the other three
* Choose the word which has a different stress pattern from that of the other three.
1 A vacation B suitable C countryside D literacy
2 A conducting B rebuilding C preparing D evening
II VOCABULARY:
Trang 141 The period of time (usually about three months ) in which students don’t have to go to school
A remedial courses B volunteer work C foreign volunteers D summer vacation
2 Something we are ready to do without any obligation
A remedial courses B volunteer work C foreign volunteers D summer vacation
3 Volunteers who come from other countries
A remedial courses B volunteer work C foreign volunteers D summer vacation
4 Classes for weak or slow students
A remedial courses B volunteer work C foreign volunteers D summer vacation
5 The condition of knowing well / better about each other
C foreign volunteers D mutual understanding
6 We set all the beginners into groups based on their different _
7 We remedial courses for weak students every morning
8 Someone wants you to _ a good hotel
* Complete each sentence with a suitable word or phrase:
1 There should be more competitions like this to improve among all the students of our school
2 These boys are not good at English at all, so I think they must attend a _ held right at their school during the summer vacation
3 Not only Vietnamese but also a lot of take part in the Green Summer Campaign every year
4 Those young people are always willing to do some _ for the benefits of their community
5 To most students in Viet Nam, their longest period of the year without going to school is
III GRAMMAR AND STRUCTURE
1 A car usually becomes _ without any gas in the tank
2 You can rely on Nam since he is very _ person
A thoughtless B thinking C thinkable D thoughtful
3 There’s nothing _ in that terrible apartment
4 It’s very of you to cross that busy street without paying attention to the traffic
5 Having spent nearly all his life in the countryside, Mr Long finds this to living in any big cities
A preferable B preferred C preferential D preferring
6 Nothing can be cultivated on that _ piece of land
7 That inexperienced teacher doesn’t seem enough to cope with the excellent students of this gifted class
A competent B competitive C competing D competitional
8 My mother is a very well _ woman She can always find what she needs almost immediately
A organizable B organizational C organic D organized
9 Faster is the only _ form of the adjective fast.
A comparable B comparative C comparing D compared
10 Those two talkative girls have had their chatter for nearly two hours without any intervals now
A continual B continue C continueable D continuing
* Choose the best reported form of each sentence given below
1 “ Don’t call me after 9 p.m, please”, the manager said
A The manager said that we didn’t call him after 9p.m
B The manager advised me to not call him after 9p.m
C The manager told his secretary not to call him after 9p.m
D The manager asked his men not to call him after 9 p.m, please
2 The dean said, “ Send me a report after you have finished your volunteer work!”
A The dean ordered his students to send him a report after they have finished their volunteer work
B The dean ordered his students to send him a report after they had finished their volunteer work
Trang 15C The dean told his students to send him a report after you have finished your volunteer work
D The dean begged his students to send him a report after they have finished their volunteer work
3 “ Sorry because I didn’t reply you soon”, my pen pal said
A My pen pal said sorry because he didn’t reply to me soon
B My pen pal replied that he was sorry not to write you soon
C My pen pal suggested not replying to me soon because he was sorry
D My pen pal apologized to me for not replying to me soon
4 Mother said, “ I wouldn’t do that silly thing if I were you.”
A My mother advised me not to do that silly thing
B My mother said that she wouldn’t do that silly thing if she were you
C My mother suggested me not doing that silly thing if I were you
D My mother told me not to do that silly thing if she were me
5 “ Let’s go to the zoo now”, our friends said
A Our friends suggested going to the zoo then B Our friends invited us to go to the zoo now
C Our friends insisted us to go to the zoo then D Our friends obliged us to go to the zoo now
* Complete the following sentences by changing direct speech to indirect speech:
1 Alice said, “ I am living in London now.” → Alice said to me that _
2 “ My father isn’t very well”, Tom said → Tom told me that
3 She said, “My friend Alice has had a baby.” → She told me
4 “ I saw Tom’s sister, who was really nice, at Helen’s party last weekend,” she said → She told me that
5 “My car was stolen a few weeks ago,” he complained → He complained that
6 Bob asked, “ Where is Alice?” → Bob wanted to know _
7 “Why is the sky blue?” my three-year -old son often asks → My three-year -old son often asks me _
10 “Did you enjoy your trip?” asked Tom → Tom asked me _
11 She asked him, “ Who bought that tie for you?” → She asked him
18 He said, “ The sun rises in the East.” → He said _
19 “ My father is a businessman My mother is an engineer.” → He said that
20 The teacher asked all of the students, “ Do you understand what I am explaining? ” → Teacher asked all of the students _
UNIT 5: COMPETITIONS
Trang 16* GRAMMAR POINTS
I GERUND AND PRESENT PARTICIPLE
1 Danh động từ là hình thức thêm “ING “ vào sau động từ, nó có đặc tính của một danh từ, và động từ
(Cách dùng của gerund xem ở bài số 03)
2 Hiện tại phân từ là hình thức thêm “ING “ vào sau động từ, nó có đặc tính của một tính từ và động từ
3 Cách dùng của hiện tại phân từ:
a Thành lập thì tiếp diễn:
Eg: He is working
2 Làm tính từ:
Eg: a boring job, a smiling girl, an interesting book…
3 Dùng với động từ chỉ tri giác:
Eg: Do you hear her singing?
I feel my heart beating
4 Chỉ một việc xảy ra đồng thời với động từ chính:
Eg: They came in dancing
The children run crying in the street
5 Thay cho mệnh đề quan hệ (mang nghĩa chủ động)
Eg: The girl talking to you this morning is my sister
6 Dùng để nối hai câu có cùng chủ ngữ:
Eg: Opening the bottle, the little boy poured the drinks
Staying at home all day, he feels bored
7 Đứng sau một số động từ, cụm từ trong các cấu trúc sau:
* catch / find/ leave/ see + Object + V-ing.
Eg: I saw him writing a letter
* go/ come/ spend/ waste/ be busy + V-ing
Eg: We go shopping every Thursday
They spend a lot of money advertising their products
* have + noun / pronoun + V-ing
Eg: We have no difficulty finding his house
II PERFECT GERUND AND PERFECT PARTICIPLE:
Ta dùng perfect gerund and perfect participle khi muốn nhấn mạnh đến hành động đã hoàn tất trước một việc mà động từ chính diễn ra
Eg: Having finished my work, I went home (perfect participle)
I am sorry for having made such a noise last night (perfect gerund)
* EXERCISES:
I PHONETIC:
* Choose the word whose bold/ underlined part is pronounced differently form that of the other three
* Choose the word which has a different stress pattern from that of the other three.
Trang 17II VOCABULARY AND GRAMMAR (Gerund and present participle, Perfect gerund and perfect participle.)
1 All graduates from that university can easily find good jobs
2 At the age of fifteen, she is much too young to be a mother In other words, she is still a
3 My next door neighbors don’t get along well with each other As far as I know, they have a violent _ almost every other day
4 That ten–child careless woman always appears in public with a very bedraggled (keùo leâ) _
5 Congratulations, Nga! Your sister has just won the first prize in our school’s eloquence _
* Fill in the blank with a gerund, participle, perfect gerund, or perfect participle)
1 Mai apologized for _ (use) my bicycle yesterday morning without _ (ask) for permission
2 _ (watch) this film several times before, I started _ (fall) asleep in the middle of it.
3 In all the conditions of drunkard, Mr Le began (drive) straight back home, _ (forget) _ (not, pay) any money to the barman
4 _ (organize) the 16th APEC summit conferences successfully, Viet Nam gained the reputation of _ (be) the safest and friendliest venue for such significant international events
5 After _ (defeat) all his opponents, Hai won the gold medal in that interschool chess tournament.
* Gerund(G) or Present Participle (P) ? Identify the underline words with their correct category
1 Looking out of the window, Nam saw many beautiful white clouds floating in the sky
2 The teacher teaching me English this year is Mr Long, who has also been teaching my elder brothers for years
3 Phong’s hobbies include playing computer games with his best friend, and collecting cyber items
4 – What benefits does swimming often have to our health?
- First of all, it has great help in developing our muscles
5 – Hey, Son! Do you know what our teacher is talking about?
- I’m not sure Her explanation gives me a confusing idea
6 That exciting soccer game on TV really caused a great fascinating emotion among us and kept us stay
9 That lazy man usually spends the whole day wandering along the river banks doing nothing
10 Tam went home without telling anyone, so no one knew what he had eaten before leaving the party
* Choose the best answer from A, B, C or D
1 A school is being built for handicapped children
A orphanages B children with disabilities C poor children D founding
2 High school and college students often spend many hours as volunteers in orphanages.
A homes for children whose parents are dead B homes for the aged.
C homes for the handicapped D homes for the blind
3 Being tall gave him a(n) _ over the other players
4 The company volunteers to _ fifty trucks to help the flooded areas
5 Some high school students take part in helping the disadvantaged children
6 Many charities sent money to help the victims of the famine
A organizations for helping people in need B organizations for helping orphans
C organizations for helping the handicapped D organizations for helping the invalid
7 Have you ever heard “ Big Brothers” ?
children, pageant, teenager, festival, appearance, prestigious, adult, argument, reliable
Trang 18A The name of a club B A home for children
C The name of a story D An organization for boys who no longer have fathers
8 I thought the programme on wildlife is
A fascinated B fascinating C to fascinate D having fascinated
9 We had to stand in a queue for the bank to open
10 all the papers, she put them back to the file
A Having photocopied B Having been photocopied D To photocopy D Photocopy
11 Although to get the job, Richard wasn’t really expecting to
12 You should always lock the door when the room
13 The man denied a policeman
14 The club has punished it players during a match
15 When we heard a noise, we went outside to see what was happening
16 As he had been warned that bad weather lay ahead, the captain changed course
17 We noticed a young man at the table a meal
A having sat - eatingB sitting – eating C sitting – having eaten D sitting–to eat
18 The fans queued for hours, hoping to get the tickets.
A when the hope to get the tickets B so that they can get the tickets
C because they hoped to get the tickets D despite hoping to get the tickets
19 Mathew injured his knee doing gymnastics.
A In spite of doing gymnastics B While he was doing gymnastics
C When has had done gymnastics D While he is doing gymnastics.
20 _ some experience in these matters, I think my advice could be of help
A Having had B To have C Have D Having been had
* Choose the underlined part among A, B, C or D that needs correcting:
1 I came here seeing Mary She must have forgotten I was coming
* Choose the sentence A, B, C or D that best rewrites the root one:
1 “ You’ve stolen some of my money, Henry!” Peter said
Trang 19A Peter accused Henry of stealing some of his money
B Peter accused Henry to steal some of his money
C Peter accused that Henry steal some of his money
D Peter accused Henry for stealing some of his money
2 Our neighbor fell off a ladder and broke his arm.
3 Since I had forgotten my watch, I had no ideas of the time
A Having forgotten my watch B Because of having forgotten my watch
C Despite having forgotten my watch D All are correct
4 I am sorry I have made you so disappointed
A I regret to make you so disappointed B I apologize disappointing you
C I apologize having made you so disappointed D I regret having made you so disappointed
5 We couldn’t get to work because of the heavy storm
A The heavy storm stopped us to get to work B The heavy rain prevented us from getting to work
C The heavy rain forbid us to get to work D The heavy storm didn’t allow us getting to work
IV READING:
Read the passage carefully and choose the best word or phrase given below to fill in each numbered blank.
Alice Hyde is very old now, (1) she still enjoys watching the Miss World competitions on TV She specially likes to remember the year 1941, when the only daughter of Chomsky and Marilyn Lewinski (2) the very significant Miss of London at the age of sixteen It was really wonderful Her pictures were in the best magazines and (3) _ postcards She received hundreds of letters from all over the world every day A lot of famous men wanted to marry her (4) _ of all, Charlie Chaplin wrote to her from the United States and invited her to Hollywood She really wanted to go there and became a movie star, but her parents just said no to her In 1942, Alice married (5) _ Charlie Hyde, and they had five wonderful progenies, four boys and a nice girl.
They moved to Spain and lived there until Charlie died Alice came back to England and bought an antique shop, where she worked until 2005 She is still in very good shape and does exercise every
morning
* Choose the best option basing on the reading passage:
1 Alice’s maiden name was _ A Lewinski B Hyde C Marilyn D Chomsky
2 If Alice’s parents had allowed her to go to the United States, she could certainly have become a _ then
C close friend of Charlie Chaplin’s D movie star
3 How old was Alice when she stopped working? A 60 B 11 C 80 D 16
4 The phrase an antique shop at the end of the story most probably means a _
A shop that sells junks B very old shop
C shop selling ancient things D boutique shop
5 The total number of Alice and Charlie’s children is _ A five B ten C four D one
Trang 20UNIT 6: POPULATION
* RELATIVE PRONOUN AND RELATIVE CLAUSE:(Mệnh đề liên hệ và đại từ liên hệ).
A ĐỊNH NGHĨA: Đại từ liên hệ dùng để thay thế cho danh từ đứng trước nó, nó giới thiệu một mệnh đề phụ nhằm làm rõ nghĩa cho danh từ mà đại từ liên hệ thay thế, mệnh đề này gọi là mệnh đề liên hệ
B CÁCH DÙNG: 1 Who: thay thế cho một danh từ chỉ người làm chủ ngữ
Eg: This is the man who helped me yesterday
The boy who studies the best in this class is my son
2 Whom: thay thế cho một danh từ chỉ người làm tân ngữ
Eg: The man whom you met yesterday is my uncle
3 Whose: thay thế cho một danh từ chỉ người làm sỡ hữu
Eg: The woman whose son is my friend is a good doctor
4 Which: thay thế cho một danh từ chỉ vật làm chủ ngữ hoặc tân ngữ
Eg: The house which has green door is mine
The car which you have just bought is new and comfortable
5 Where: thay thế cho một danh từ chỉ nơi chốn
Eg: This is the place where I was born and grew up
6 When: thay thế cho một danh từ chỉ thời gian
Eg: The day when you came was on Sunday
7 That: thay thế cho WHO, WHICH trong mệnh đề hạn định: mệnh đề không có dấu phẫy
Eg: This is the man who wrote this novel = This is the man that wrote this novel
This is the house which I bought last year = This is the house that I bought last year
8 Of which: Thay thế cho danh từ chỉ vật làm sỡ hữu
Eg: The book of which cover is red is interesting
C RESTRICTIVE AND NON-RESTRICTIVE RELATIVE CLAUSE:
1 Restrictive Relative clauses: (Mệnh đề quan hệ giới hạn- mệnh đề hạn định)
Mệnh đề quan hệ giới hạn dùng để bổ nghĩa cho danh từ đứng trước, là một bộ phận quan trọng trong câu Nếu bỏ nó đi, mệnh đề chính sẽ không được xác định và không có nghĩa rõ ràng
Eg: The book which I borrowed from you is very interesting
Mệnh đề “ which I borrowed from you” là mệnh đề quan hệ giới hạn, bổ nghĩa cho danh từ “the book” Nó rất cầnthiết trong câu vì nếu bỏ nó đi ta sẽ không biết quyển sách nào sẽ được nói đến
Eg: The girl who came here yesterday is my cousin
We will never forget the day when we first came to London
This is the place where I was born
2 Non- restrictive Relative clauses: (Mệnh đề quan hệ không giới hạn- mệnh đề không hạn định):
Mệnh đề không hạn định còn gọi là mệnh đề quan hệ giải thích, dùng để bổ nghĩa cho danh từ đứng trước, là phần giải thích thêm Nếu bỏ nó đi, mệnh đề chính vẫn có ý nghĩa rõ ràng Danh đề đứng trước mệnh đề này thường đã được xác định rồi
Eg: My father, who is fifty-five years old, is an engineer
Miss White, whom we studied English with, is a very nice teacher
I want to help Peter, whose parents died in the accident
He often comes to visit Nha Trang, where he grew up
* Note: Một số điểm cần lưu ý khi dùng mệnh đề không hạn định:
1 Mệnh đề không hạn định thường được tách khỏi mệnh đề chíng bằng dấu phẩy hoặc dấu gạch ngang
2 Đại từ quan hệ THAT không được dùng trong loại mệnh đề này
3 Không lượt bỏ đại từ quan hệ (Who/ Whom/ which) trong mệnh đề này
D CÁCH NỐI HAI CÂU ĐƠN THÀNH MỘT CÂU PHỨC BẰNG CÁCH DÙNG CÁC ĐẠI TỪ LIÊN HỆ:
1 Xác định hai từ trùng lập nhau trong hai câu đơn
2 Bỏ đi từ giống nhau trong câu thứ hai thay thế bằng một đại từ liên hệ thích hợp đặt ở đầu câu thứ hai.
3 Đem cả câu thứ hai lên đặt ngay sau từ giống nhau trong câu thứ nhất.
EX: The man is my father You met him yesterday