• Who: được dùng để thay thế cho danh từ chỉ người và làm chủ ngữ cho động từ trong mệnh đề quan hệ …… N + who + V The man who is standing over there is my father.. N who V • Whom: được
Trang 1ĐỀ CƯƠNG ÔN TẬP MÔN TIẾNG ANH LỚP 11 - HỌC KÌ II
I Cách sử dụng đại từ quan hệ và trạng từ quan hệ
1 Đại từ quan hệ: who, whom, whose, which, that
• Who: được dùng để thay thế cho danh từ chỉ người và làm chủ
ngữ cho động từ trong mệnh đề quan hệ (…… N + who + V)
The man who is standing over there is my father.
N who V
• Whom: được dùng thay thế cho một danh từ chỉ người và làm
tân ngữ cho động từ trong mệnh đề quan hệ (……N + whom +
S + V)
The man whom you met yesterday is my brother.
N whom S V
• Whose: là đại từ quan hệ sở hữu, thay thế cho danh từ chỉ
người hoặc danh từ chỉ vật (thay cho: his, her, its, their, Tom’s…)
The house whose windows are broken is mine.
N whose N V1 V2
+ Riêng danh từ chỉ vật có thể thay thế bằng the + N + of which
Example: The house the window of which are broken is mine
• Which: được dùng làm chủ ngữ hoặc tân ngữ thay thế cho danh
từ chỉ đồ vật, con vật hoặc sự việc.
Example: This is the book which I like best.
• That: được dùng thay thế cho danh từ chỉ người hoặc chỉ vật,
hoặc chủ ngữ gồm cả người và vật, sau những đại từ không xác
định, hoặc sau dạng so sánh nhất…
Example: - That is the bicycle that/ which belongs to
Tom.
- The architect who/ that designed this building
is very famous.
2 Trạng từ quan hệ: why, where, when.
• Why: mở đầu cho một mệnh đề quan hệ để chỉ nguyên nhân, lí
do.(có thể thay thế bằng That)
I don’t know the reason why/ that you didn’t go to school
yesterday.
• Where (=on, in, at which) mở đầu cho một mệnh đề quan hệ chỉ
địa điểm nơi chốn.
The hotel where we stayed wasn’t very clean.
= The hotel in which we stayed wasn’t very clean.
• When (=on/ in/ at which) mở đầu cho mệnh đề quan hệ chỉ thời
gian (có thể thay thế bằng That)
I will never forget the day when/ that I first met my
husband
II Vị trí của giới từ trong mệnh đề quan hệ
• Trong mệnh đề quan hệ, khi đại từ quan hệ làm tân ngữ cho giới
từ thì thường được đặt ở 2 vị trí: trước đại từ quan hệ WHOM,
WHICH hoặc sau động từ.
• Trong lối văn phong trang trọng, giới từ được đứng trước đaị từ
quan hệ WHOM, WHICH
The man to whom my mother is talking is my form
teacher.
• Trong lối nói thân mật, giới từ thường đứng sau động từ trong
mệnh đề quan hệ
The man whom my mother is talking to is my form
teacher.
• chú ý: * không dùng giới từ với THAT hoặc WHO
* Với cụm động từ (phrasal verb) thì giới từ không được
dùng trước WHOM và WHICH
* giới từ WITHOUT không được dùng ở vị trí sau động từ The woman without whom I can’t live is Jane.
III Các loại mệnh đề quan hệ
1 Mệnh đề quan hệ xác định (Defining Relative Clause): là mệnh
đề được dùng để xác định danh từ đứng trước nó Mệnh đề quan hệ xác định là mệnh đề cần thiết cho ý nghĩa của câu, không có nó câu
sẽ không đủ nghĩa.
The man who robbed you has been arrested.
• trong mệnh đề quan hệ xác định có thể bỏ các đại từ quan hệ làm tân ngữ: whom, which, that và các trạng từ quan hệ trong lối văn thân mật
The book you lent me was very interesting.
Do you remember the day we met each other?
2 Mệnh đề quan hệ không xác định (Non – defining relative clause): là mệnh đề cung cấp thêm
thông tin về một người, một vật hoặc một sự việc đã được xác định Đây là mệnh đề không nhất thiết phải có trong câu, không
có nó câu vẫn đủ nghĩa Mệnh đề quan hệ không xác định được tách khỏi mệnh đề chính bởi dấu phẩy hoặc dấu gạch ngang.
That man, who lives in the next flat, looks very lonely The book “Jane Eyre”, which I was reading, is really good.
• Không dùng đại từ quan hệ THAT trong mệnh đề quan hệ không
xác định
• Những từ đứng trước mệnh đề quan hệ thường: Tên riêng, tính
từ sở hữu, This, That, These, Those
• Không thể bỏ các đại từ quan hệ làm tân ngữ WHOM, WHICH và các trạng từ WHERE, WHEN, WHY trong mệnh đề quan hệ
không xác định
• Trong mệnh đề quan hệ không xác định WHICH có thể được
dùng để thay thế cho cả mệnh đề đứng trước nó
• Trong mệnh đề quan hệ không xác định, các cụm từ chỉ số lượng: all of/ most of/ neither of/ many of… có thể được dùng với
WHOM, WHICH và WHOSE
Mary has three brothers, all of whom are married.
IV Dạng rút gọn của mệnh đề quan hệ:
1 Cụm phân từ a) Hiện tại phân từ (V_ing ): được dùng khi động từ trong mệnh đề
quan hệ chia ở các thì hiện tại đơn, hiện tại tiếp diễn, quá khứ đơn, quá khứ tiếp diễn, hoặc khi động từ trong mệnh đề quan hệ diễn tả mong muốn, hi vọng, mong đợi
That man, who is sitting next to Mary, is my uncle.
That man, sitting next to Mary, is my uncle
b) Quá khứ phân từ (PII): quá khứ phân từ đựơc dùng khi động từ
trong mệnh đề quan hệ ở dạng bị động.
The boy who was injured in the accident was taken to the
hospital.
The boy injured in the accident was taken to the hospital.
Trang 22 Động từ nguyên mẫu (To infinitive): được dùng sau The first,
the second,…, the last, the only, động từ khuyết thiếu, hoặc sau
cấp so sánh cao nhất.
The captain was the last person who left the ship.
The captain was the last person to leave the ship.
Here is a form that you must fill in.
Here is a form for you to fill in.
* khi đại từ quan hệ who(m), which, that đứng làm tân ngữ hoặc bổ
ngữ thì ta có thể lựơc bỏ đại từ quan hệ
The man who(m) you met yesterday is my friend.
The man you met yesterday is my friend.
V Câu nhấn mạnh/ Câu chẻ (Cleft sentences)
1 Câu nhấn mạnh chủ ngữ (subject focus)
It is/ was + S + that/ who + V…: Chính ai đó làm gì….
The boy visited his uncle last month.
It was the boy that/ who visited his uncle last
month
2 Câu nhấn mạnh tân ngữ (Object focus)
It is/ was + O + That/ Who + S + V
The boy is learning English.
It is English that the boy is learning
3 Câu nhấn mạnh trạng từ (Adverbial focus)
It is/ was + Adv of place/ time + that + S + V + (O)
She bought him a present at the shop
It was at the shop that she bought him a present
4 Câu nhấn mạnh bị động
It is/ was + O + that + is/ are/ was/ were + Vpp
People talked a lot about his house.
It was his house that was talked a lot about
VI Liên từ cặp đôi (Conjunctions)
Both …and: vừa…vừa, cả…và Not only…but also: không những…mà còn Either…or: hoặc cái này, hoặc cái kia Neither… nor: không cái này cũng không cái kia
• Both + N + and + N + V (plural): Both Mary and Tom are
students.
• S + V + both + N + and + N: She plays both tennis and
badminton
• S + both + V + and + V: He both sings and dances.
• S + be + both + adj + and + adj: She is both beautiful and
intelligent.
• S + V + both + Adv phrase + and + Adv phrase: We go to
school both in the morning and in the afternoon
• Cách dùng Not only…but also, either …or, neither…nor tương
tự như both and tuy nhiên trong các cấu trúc này động từ chia
phù hợp với chủ ngữ thứ 2 (đứng gần động từ nhất), còn Both …
and động từ luôn chia ở dạng số nhiều
Đọc hiểu: Bài đọc liên quan đến chủ đề của một trong những bài: Unit 11, 12, 13
and15
LUYỆN TẬP
Chọn từ có phần gạch chân được phát âm khác với những từ còn lại:
1 A bother B thoughtful C geothermal D breakthrough
2 A conquest B astronaut C Congress D psychological
3 A digit B service C notify D gigantic
4 A trained B watched C worked D stopped
5 A effort B fencing C release D devastate
6 A protect B ecologist C prohibit D potential
7 A spacious B landscape C satisfaction D facsimile
8 A exhausted B heat C prohibit D handicapped
9 A alternative B aquatic C intercultural D fertilizer
10 A gymnast B rugby C fly D variety
11 A discarded B called C operated D needed
12 A accompany B accomplish C wonder D come
13 A discharge B service C limit D beside
14 A swing B sweat C answer D swan
15 A tanks B recipients C bookshops D belongings
Chọn đáp án đúng để hoàn thành các câu sau:
16 Oil, coal and natural gas are (nuclear energy, fossil fuels, plentiful, infinite)
17 The house (which built, to build, built, building) 40 years ago is still in good condition
18 I like the food (was cooked, cooked, which cooked, cooking) by my mother
19 Vietnam is rich in (natural resources, seas, land, fish such as coal, apatite, bauxite…
20 Do you know the girl (wears, to wear, wear, wearing) a long white dress?
21 Linda was the last student (to be asked, asking, asks, to ask) at the oral exam
22 The man (is entering, entering, to be entered, enters) the bank is a millionaire
23 The singer was (served, accompanied, assisted, sounded) on the piano by her sister
24 I didn’t really feel like going out, but I am glad I (did, made, tried, acted) my effort
25 “Is this the address to (where, whom, which, that) you want the package sent?”
26 The chemistry book (that I bought it, what I bought, I bought that, I bought) was
a little expensive
27 “Have you ever met the man (stands, standing, who he is standing, is standing) over there?” – No Who is he?
28 “Do you remember Mrs Goddard, (who, whom, that, which) taught us English last year?
29 “Will you find the person (who, which, that his, whose) bike you found?”
30 The Vietnamese participants took (notice, notes, part, role) in the 14th Asian Games with great enthusiasm
31 (Spectators, Athletes, Audience, Viewers) from several countries competed in many Asian Games
32 How many sports were there (in, on, at, to) the 14th Asian Games?
33 The Olympic Games is one of the biggest sporting (problems, athletes, cultures, events) all over the world
34 Swimming is one of the (mountainous, aquatic, racing, running) sports
35 On some special occasions, people often march and demonstrate to show their (nation, event, culture, solidarity)
36 Vietnam won 3 gold (degrees, medals, awards, boards) at the 15th Asian Games
37 This is the novel (that, which, x, all are correct) I’ve been expecting
Trang 338 He is very good at (making, getting, accompanying, having) people singing with
his guitar
39 My uncle is interested in (collect collecting, collected, to collect) stamps
40 I’m quite keen on my father’s valuable stamp (collect, collecting, collection,
collector)
41 You should not indulge yourself (in, on, for, at) anything that can form a bad
habit
42 I really admire him, for his (succeed, success, successful, successfully)
43 She is the only student who is good (in, on, at, with) both maths and literature in
my class
44 (It was from this shop that, It was from this shop where, it was this shop which,
It was this shop that) I bought the golden fish
45 It was Tom (comes, that comes, to come, who came) to help us
46 (The baby, The baby that, It was the baby who, The baby whom) the police had
rescued from the fires
47 Now women work both before (or, also, nor, and) after having children
48 She has neither read the book (or seen, nor see, or see, nor seen) the film
49 We don’t have to repair the house as it is still (at, in, on, of) good condition
50 (Both Tom and Ann, Either Tom or Ann, Neither Tom nor Ann, All of Tom and
Ann) were punished because they were late
51 The film was … boring… long (either/or, neither/and, both/and, either/nor)
52 She neither talked nor (show, showed, showing, shown) her feelings
53 You must either go at once or (waiting, must wait, wait, to wait) till tomorrow
54 It is the children (whom, which, x, that) were punished
55 Either I or they (are, is, was, were) enjoying the party now
56 Neither I nor she (has, have, was, were) seen the film before
57 The spacecraft lifted (on, of, off, in) at 12 A.M
58 The spacecraft is already in (ring, flight, habit, orbit) round the moon
59 Pham Tuan is the first Vietnamese (driver, sailor, spaceship, astronaut) to fly
into space
60 I am the only representative of Vietnam in this competition, (not I, amn’t I, isn’t I,
aren’t I)?
61 The ticket to London doesn’t cost a lot, (do they, does it, is it, isn’t it)?
62 You don’t need any more, (do I, don’t I, do you, don’t you)?
63 She can speak 6 languages, (can she, can’t she, cannot she, does she)?
64 Wind energy is …… safe……unlimited (not only/but also, neither/nor, not
only/and, either/or)
65 Neil Armstrong is the first person (to set, to walk, to work, to do) foot on the
moon
66 The hotel staff is friendly and (unhelpful, courteous, discourteous, impolite)
67 All post offices in Viet Nam are equipped with advanced (knowledge, machines,
science, technology)
68 You can choose to send your letters by air or (sea, land, surface, hand) mail
69 How long did Yuri Gagarin’s trip into space (lengthen, last, late, strengthen)? –
Only 108 minutes
70 When spacemen travel into space they have to face enormous (certainties,
uncertainties, possibilities, certainty)
71 I was not appointed to be a tour guide because I (could, couldn’t, was able to,
cannot) speak English at that time
72 John does look well today, (isn’t he, does he, does him, will he)?
73 They used to work as astronauts, (don’t they, weren’t they, did they, didn’t
they)?
74 They seemed to have a good time at the party, hadn’t they, had they, did they, didn’t they)?
75 A pharaoh was a (king, queen, prince, princess) of ancient Egypt
76 When a pharaoh was dead, he was (carried, hidden, dug, buried) in his pyramid
77 The pharaohs built pyramids to prepare for their (die, death, dead, dying)
78 Sydney Opera House is widely regarded as a (heritage, wonder, belonging, possession) of the modern world
79 Scientists have proposed many (miracles, theories, legends, mysteries) about the construction of the Great Pyramid of Giza
80 (Bill Gates, Bill Gates says, Bill Gates is, Bill Gates is said) to be the richest man in the USA
81 Mr Pike (says to be, is said to be, is said that, said to be) the most famous archaeologist in our city
82 John (said to have been visited, is said to have visited, said to have visited, is said to have been visited) The Great Egypt of Giza
83 You have seen this film, (haven’t you, have you, do you, don’t you)?
84 It is collecting stamps that he is (concerned, interested, fond, keen) in
85 Tom, (that, who, whom, whose) sits next to me, is from Canada
86 The government sent money and food to the people (which, that, whom, whose) houses were destroyed by the fire
87 People are destroying the environment by adding (pollutes, pollutions, polluted, pollutants) to it
88 Nowadays, people are more aware that wildlife all over the world is in (danger, threat, problem, vanishing) of becoming extinct
89 I’m not the man (that, x, whom, all are correct) you are looking for
Tìm và sửa lỗi sai trong các câu sau:
90 The waiter whom served us yesterday was impolite and rude
91 This school is only for students who’s first language is not Chinese
92 This is the girl who father is working with my father
93 He is moving to Lang Son, that is in the north-east of Viet Nam
94 The man to speak to me is John’s brother
95 He is the first person be killed in that way
96 They work in a hospital building in 1980
97 The flight on it I wanted to travel was cancelled because of the bad weather
98 It was at this shop where I bought this dictionary
99 It is my closest friend goes abroad to study next week
100 It was the cat who the boy hit
101 Listen to music is my hobby
102 Both Tom with Ann were late for class yesterday
103 Mai is no only beautiful but also intelligent
104 Both Lan and Minh is good students
105 Your grandfather could speak 3 languages, could he?
106 The price of crude oil used to be a great deal lower than now, wasn’t it?
107 Neither they nor he are going to the play tonight
108 I believe either you or he know her secret
109 We don’t have to repair the house as it is still on good condition
110 How many sports were there in the 15 th Asian Games ?
111 The person sits next to me is someone I have never met
Trang 4Viết lại câu bắt đầu bằng từ gợi ý, giữ nguyên nghĩa của câu:
112 My grandfather taught me how to collect books
It was my………
113 I bought the new dictionary from this bookshop
It was the………
114 My father loves watching football on TV So do I
Both………
115 I don’t like cigarettes I don’t like beer, either
I like neither………
116.Peter doesn’t know how to drive His brother doesn’t know how to drive, either
Neither………
117 John didn’t come to the party Tim didn’t come to the party
Neither………
118 13 is an unlucky number
It ………
119 They found their dog in the garden
It was their………
120 Mary doesn’t want to go Neither do her children
Neither………
121 Swimming is good for our health Listening to music is good for our health
Both………
122 She is smart She is also helpful
She is not only………
123 Pike is keeping the keys or you are keeping the keys
Either………
Nối 2 câu sử dụng đại từ quan hệ:
124 Do you know the girl? Tom is talking to the girl
………
125 A lion is an animal This animal lives in Africa
………
126 I have a class It begins at 4 p.m
………
127 The soup was too salty I had it for lunch
………
128 The lady is a famous writer You met her at the party last night
………
129 Mr Phong hasn’t come yet He is supposed to be at the meeting
………
130 Lan went back home She forgot to turn off the faucet
………
Rút gọn mệnh đề quan hệ hoặc lược bỏ đại từ quan hệ trong các câu sau:
131 The young man who is talking with our teacher is Ba’s brother
………
132 The child enjoyed the chocolates which her mother bought from France ………
133 She is the only student who is selected after the examination
………
134 Do you want to visit the castles which were built in the 14th century?
………
135 Thompson is the most famous actress who appears on stage here
………
136 The captain was the last person who left the sinking ship
………
137 Students who arrive late will not be permitted to enter the classroom ………
138 Be sure to follow the instructions that are given at the top of the page ………
139 I come from a city that is located in the southern part of the country
………
140 Our solar system is in a galaxy that is called the Milky Way
Choose one word whose stress pattern is different
141 A renewable B infinite C alternative D potential
142 A consumption B resource C recipient D pesticide
144 A advance B aquatic C discharge D deepen
145 A gymnast B gymnasium C knowledge D maintenance
146 A consumption B ecologist C pesticide D endangered
147 A mountain B maintain C fountain D certain
148 A ambulance B yesterday C furniture D policeman
149 A constant B continent C consider D content (n.)
150 A computer B museum C important D visitor
152 A compare B compose C company D consist