Hướng dẫn ôn thi tốt nghiệp THPT môn Anh Văn

Phân biệt các loại tính từ, trạng từ: • Tính từ ngắn vần: Là tính từ chỉ có một vần long, short, tall, high, big hoặc có hai vần nhưng tận cùng là –y happy, crazy, buzy, -ow narrow, -er

ĐỀ CƯƠNG ÔN TẬP THI TỐT NGHIỆP TRUNG HỌC PHỔ THÔNG(2013-2014)

PHẦN 1- CHƯƠNG TRÌNH ÔN TẬP

(Thời lượng dự kiến: 04 tiết/tuần x 8 tuần = 32 tiết)

6 Gerund/ Participles hay Infinitives 2

7 So that/ Such that/ Too to/ Enough to 2

Nên khuyến khích việc tự làm bài tập của học sinh

Các chủ điểm Ngữ pháp có thể thay đổi về trình tự thời gian

Đối với các bai fkieemr tra thử (Phần 2), giáo viên có thể download các đề thi tại địa chỉ

http://www.thituyensinh.vn/?page=12.4 để phục vụ cho công tác ôn tập

PHẦN 2- CÁC CHỦ ĐIỂM NGỮ PHÁP

Đây là phần tổng hợp các điểm ngữ pháp cơ bản trong chương trình THPT (lý thuyết)

The Comparisons

TÓM TẮT LÝ THUYẾT

1 Phân biệt các loại tính từ, trạng từ:

• Tính từ ngắn vần: Là tính từ chỉ có một vần (long, short, tall, high, big) hoặc có hai vần nhưng

tận cùng là –y (happy, crazy, buzy), -ow (narrow), -er (clever) hoặc –le (simple)

• Tính từ dài vần: Là tính từ có 2 vần trở lên (handsome, beautiful, interested)

• Tính từ bất qui tắc: Là tính từ có hình thức so sánh hơn và nhất của nó khác hoàn toàn với tính từ ban đầu: good  better best, bad  worse worst, far  farther/further  farthest/furthest

• Trạng từ ngắn vần: là các trạng từ soon, fast, early, late, far, near

• Trạng từ dài vần: là các trạng từ 2 vần trở lên (beautifully, carefully)

• Các từ sau đây có thể xem như là tính từ ngắn, nhưng thường được dùng như tính từ dài: quiet, clever, narrow, shallow, simple, gentle, common, hollow, polite, handsome, wicked, pleasant, cruel, stupid, tired.

2 Cách thành lập hình thức so sánh hơn và nhất của tính từ và trạng từ:

• Ngắn vần: khi so sánh hơn ta thêm –ER, so sánh nhất ta thêm (the) –EST

Ví dụ: She is taller than I She is the tallest girl in my class

• Dài vần: khi so sánh hơn ta thêm MORE , so sánh nhất ta thêm (the) MOST

Ví dụ: She is more studious than I She is the most studious girl in my class

Lưu ý: So sánh nhất của trạng từ không dùng THE

Ví dụ: She came earlier than I She came earliest

She dances beautifully She dances most beautifully.

3 Mẫu câu so sánh bằng:

S1 + V + as + adj/adv + as+ S2

Chủ ngữ 1 + động từ + as + tính từ/trạng từ + as + Chủ ngữ 2

My house is as big as yours

He runs as fast as I (do).

4 Mẫu câu so sánh hơn

S + V + more + adj/adv than + S 2

adj-er/ adv-er

My house is bigger than yours

He runs faster than I (do).

5 Mẫu câu so sánh nhất

S + V + the most + adj/adv

the adj-est/ adv-est

Nếu so sánh trạng từ thì ta không thêm THE

His house is the biggest in town (biggest là một tính từ nên có mạo từ THE)

He runs fastest (fastest là một trạng từ nên không có mạo từ THE)

6 Cấu trúc so sánh kép

• Mẫu câu càng ngày càng…, mỗi lúc một…

S + V + more and more + adj/adv

adj-er and adj-er/ adv-er and adv-er The weather is getting hotter and hotter.

Food is getting more and more expensive

He runs faster and faster

• Mẫu câu càng… thì càng…

The + so sánh hơn S + V, the + so sánh hơn S + V

The more exercise he practices, the stronger he feels The more money we spend, the sooner we run out of it.

The more carefully she drives, the less accidents she causes.

PHẦN BÀI TẬP THỰC HÀNH

Bài tập tự luận:

Bài tập 1: Chia thể đúng của từ trong ngoặc Có thể dùng hơn 1 từ.

E.g The modern car is more expensive than the old one (EXPENSE)

1 My English this term is _ than that of last year (GOOD)

2 Her math result is than her English result (BAD)

3 Detective books are than science fiction ones (INTEREST)

4 Lan is than her sister (LAZY)

5 He feels than last year because his study results are (HAPPY/ GOOD)

6 He is at maths than at any other subjects (GOOD)

7 Phuong can speak English than Minh (FLUENT)

8 Her voice is than her sister’s (BEAUTY)

9 Her literature result is much than it was last year (GOOD)

10 Cinderrella danced than any other girls at the ball (GRACE)

11 I like geography than biology (GOOD)

12 Chemistry is than physics (EASY)

13 Rabbits run than tortoises (FAST)

14 Nam is bad at art but Minh is even (BAD)

15 Lan is her sister (OLD)

16 She can pronounce English words than she could last term (CORRECT)

17 The country is _than the city (QUIET)

18 In this class, the students are talking than the teacher (LOUD)

19 We shouldn’t be on any subjects (LAZY)

20 I can learn a subject if I like it and if I don’t like it (GOOD/ BAD)

21 They are than they used to be (CARE)

22 Wool is _ than cotton (RESILIENT)

23 Russian is _ language of all (DIFFICULT)

24 This book is _ as that one (INTEREST)

25 Walter Scott is than Walter Brooks (FAME)

26 The pears are than the plums (HARD)

27 The roses are than the nasturtiums (BEAUTTY)

28 The tomatoes are as the apples (EXPENSE)

29 My bicycle is than yours (NEW)

30 The front yard is as the back yard (BIG)

31 This map is _ than that one (GOOD)

32 Her report is _ than ours (ACCURATE)

33 Sarah is the girl in the class (INTELLIGENT)

34 This is the _ book I have ever read (GOOD)

35 That is the _ painting in the museum (VALUE)

36 Yesterday was the day of the year (HOT)

37 My father is as as his father (STRONG)

38 She is than her sister (PRETTY)

39 You are not as as your brother (TALL)

40 That has to be the film I have seen (INTEREST)

41 Which university offers the degree courses? (GOOD)

42 This clown is not so as the other one (FUN)

43 He is the player in the team (BAD)

44 The second half of the play was interesting (LITTLE)

45 What is distance you have ever run? (FAR)

46 Ann is than her sisters (PRETTY)

47 It's than mine (SMALL)

48 Your house is than his (BIG)

49 It's than you think (COMMON)

50 It cost than I thought (LITTLE)

Bài tập 2: Viết lại câu sau cho tương đương về nghĩa với câu đã cho

1 He hasn’t got as much work to do as I have

 He’s got

2 Her dress is the same as Rita’s

 Her dress isn’t

3 Nguyen Trai Street isn’t as long as Tran Hung Dao Street

 Nguyen Trai Street doesn’t have

4 As he comes nearer to the hospital gate, he becomes more nervous

 The

5 We sit near to the stage We can see well

 The _

Bài tập 3: Viết câu hoàn chỉnh dùng những từ gợi ý

1 The test / not nearly / easy / as / I thought / would /

2 I’d like / see / Michael Jackson / live / concert / than any / performer

3 Going / train / much / faster / going / car

4 The hotter / weather / getting, the / miserable / I / feel

5 The sooner / you / leave, / earlier / will / your destination

Gerund, Infinitives or Participles?

TÓM TẮT LÝ THUYẾT

1 GERUND: là một động từ thêm –ING có chức năng như một danh từ

a Dùng trong các câu lệnh ngắn (không có tân ngữ ): No smoking, No fishing

b Theo sau một giới từ: I am not keen on gambling

c Theo sau các động từ chỉ tình cảm, yêu ghét, bắt đầu, kết thúc cụ thể: admit* 1 , anticipate*, appresiate, avoid, consider*, defer, delay, deny*, detest, dislike, dread, enjoy, escape, excuse, fancy*, finish, forgive, imagine*, involve, keep, loathe, mean*, mind, miss, pardon, postpone, practise, prevent, propose*, recollect*, remember*, resent, resist, risk, save, stop, suggest*, understand*

d Sau một sở hữu tính từ : Sorry for my being late

Một số động từ theo sau có thể là Gerund hoặc Tân ngữ/ sở hữu tính từ + Gerund:dislike, gread,

fancy, involve, like, mean, mind Propose, recollect, remember, resent, save, stop, suggest, understand, approve/ disapprove of, insist on, it’s no good/ use, object to, there’s no point in, what’s the point of

He disliked ( me/my) working late

1 Các động từ có dấu sao (*) theo sau có thể là mệnh đề THAT

He resented ( my/me) being promoted before him

2 INFINITIVE

2.1 BARE INFINITIVE: Là một động từ nguyên mẫu không TO

a Dùng trong các câu lệnh (có tân ngữ): Do not touch the wires

b Dùng sau các động từ khuyết thiếu: Would you mind giving me a hand ?

* Lưu ý: Sau USED TO, OUGHT TO, BE GOING TO, BE LIKELY TO, BE TO là Bare Infinitive

Riêng NEED, DARE có thể là Bare hoặc Full infinitive

c Theo sau các động từ chỉ giác quan như see, hear, watch, smell, notice, observe

Did you see him go out ?

d Theo sau các động từ let, make, have

What makes you think you have any talent ?

I will have him repair my car

e Dùng sau các giới từ but, except, than, to ( TO trong Be about to, ought to, used to )

He did nothing else than laugh

There was nothing to do but wait

f Trong cấu trúc nhấn mạnh động từ: Do come in time, She did say that she was unguilty

g Sau các động từ would rather/ sooner (than) và had better

“ You had better start at once,” he said

I’d rather wait till tomorrow

2.2 FULL INFINITIVE: Là một động từ nguyên mẫu có TO

a Theo sau hầu hết các ngoại động từ (decide, agree, promise, manage, fail, hope,, plan, tend, arrange, hope, refuse, attempt, offer, )

They decided/agreed to divide the profits equally

They decided that the profits should be divided equally

b Theo sau các vấn từ WH- hoặc HOW

I wonder whether to write or phone

She is telling me how to operate the machine

c Theo sau một tính từ và các cấu trúc có liên quan too to, enough to, as as

She is too young to apply for a job now

He was so foolish as to leave his car unlocked

* Lưu ý: Sau REALLY là (To) Infinitive

It would take ages really (to) master this subject

d Sau một danh từ hoặc đại từ để chỉ mục đích (thường dùng để thay thế một mệnh đề quan hệ tính ngữ )

- đặc biệt sau the first, the second, the last, the ony:

I have letters to write

Someone to talk to

There is a lot ( of things ) to be done

He loves parties He is always the first to come and the last to leave

e Dùng trong các cụm động từ giới thiệu hoặc kết thúc:

To be honest, I don’t just like him

I have never met him, to tell the truth

b Participle kết hợp với BE hoặc HAVE để thành lập các thì tiếp diễn hoặc hoàn thành và cấu trúc bị động

c.Present Participle được sử dụng sau go, come, be busy (chỉ các hoạt động thể chất, mua sắm ),

spend, waste ( chỉ sự tiêu tốn, lãng phí tiền bạc, thời gian)

They are going riding/ fishing/ skiing

He spends two hours (a day) learning French

She was busy collecting flowers

He went out, slamming the door.

f Dùng để thay thế một mệnh đề phụ (as, since, because )

Knowing that he wouldn’t be able to buy food on his journey, he took large supplies with him = As

he knew that he wouldn’t

Having been bitten twice, the postman refused to deliver our letters unless we chained our dog up = Because he had been bitten twice,

4 Một số phân biệt (Gerund – Infinitive; Infinitive – Participle; Bare/Full infinitive)

Cố gắng Infinitive He tried to do it many times but he failed

Có ý định Infinitive I didn’t mean to hurt you

PROPOSE Có ý định Infinitive I propose to start tomorrow

đề nghị Gerund I propose waiting till the police get here

4.1.3 Nếu ám chỉ một hành động đã xảy ra, ta dùng Gerund Nếu ám chỉ một hành động chưa hoặc sắp xảy ra, ta dùng Infinitive

I can’t stop him talking to the press (Tôi không thể ngăn anh ta nói chuyện với giới báo chí )

I stopped to ask the way (Tôi dừng lại để hỏi đường)

Các động từ thuộc nhóm này là agree, allow, can/could bear, forget, hate, like, love, prefer, regret, stop.

4.1.4 Các động từ này theo sau là Gerund, nhưng nếu theo sau là một tân ngữ, thì sẽ là Infinitive

They don’t allow smoking here

They don’t allow us to smoke here

Các động từ thuộc nhóm này là advise, allow, permit, recommend, forbid, admit, consider, require

4.1.5 Các động từ theo sau là một Infinitive, nhưng sẽ là Gerund nếu câu mang nghĩa bị động

I want to meet you as soon as possible

The grass wants cutting (cỏ cần được cắt )

Các động từ thuộc nhóm này là need, require, want, deserve, bear

INFINITIVE or PARTICIPLE?

4.2.1 Trường hợp gây nhầm lẫn giữa hai từ loại nói trên xuất hiện sau các động từ chỉ giác quan như see,

hear, feel, smell, listen (to), notice, watch, find, observe

Did you see her leave her house last night ?(Anh có thấy cô ấy rời nhà tối qua không ?

She smelt something burning and saw the smoke rising (Cô ta ngửi thấy mùi gì đang cháy và thấy khói (đang) bốc lên.)

4.2.2 Trong cấu trúc nhờ ai làm gì Động từ theo sau HAVE có 2 trường hợp

I will have him repair my car (To have someone do something )

I will have my car repaired (To have something done)

BARE or FULL INFINITIVE ?

Sau HELP He helped us (to) push it

Khi 2 infinitive được nối với nhau bằng liên từ AND, to ở infinitive thứ hai thường được bỏ đi

I want you to stand beside me and (to) hold the torch

PHẦN BÀI TẬP THỰC HÀNH

Loại bài tập 1 (Trắc nghiệm khách quan): Chọn từ trong ngoặc

1 I enjoy alone (be/ being/ to be/ to habe been)

2 Would you like to the party? (to come/ come/ coming/ to have come)

3 Do you mind such a long way to work everyday? (to travel/ travel/ to have travelled/ travelling)

4 I don’t like that house I would rather there (live/ to live/ living/ to have lived)

5 I would love to your wedding but it just isn’t possible (come/ to come/ coming/ to have come)

6 Sometimes I’d like to play the piano (learn/ to learn/ learning/ to have learnt)

7 Please remember this letter (post/ to post/ posting/ to have posted)

8 We tried the fire out but we were unsuccessful We had to call the fire brigade (put/ to put/ putting/ to have put)

9 When you see John, remember him my regards (to have given/ giving/ give/ to give)

10 Someone must have taken my bag I clearly remember it by the window and now it has gone

(leave/ leaving/ to leave/ to have left)

11 Jane needed some money She tried Harry but he couldn’t help her (to have asked/ ask/ to ask/ asking)

12 He tried the shelf but he wasn’t tall enough (reach/ reaching/ to reach/ to have reached)

13 Did you remember Mary?- Oh no, I completely forgot (to phone/ phone/ to be phoning/ to have phoned)

14 It’s very kind of you so (say/ to say/ saying/ to be saying)

15 Please show me how this (do/ to do/ doing/ to have done)

16 One is never too old (learning/ learn/ to have learnt/ to learn)

17 You are old enough out alone (going/ go/ to go/ to have gone)

18 I’m very glad you (to meet/ meet/ meeting/ to be meeting)

19 It’s nice you (to know/ know/ knowing/ to be knowing)

20 You have no right my daughter (see/ to see/ seeing/ to have seen)

21 Please tell me what (doing/ do/ to do/ to have done)

22 I forbid you my letter (to read/ read/ reading/ to have read)

23 We stopped hello to her (say/ saying/ to have said/ to say)

24 We came her (help/ to help/ helping/ to have helped)

25 I will invite her my daughter (teach/ to teach/ teaching/ to have taught)

26 I don’t feel like to the cinema now (going/ go/ to go/ to have gone)

27 It’s no good video games (play/ to play/ playing/ to have played)

28 It’s no use with him (work/ to work/ working/ to have worked)

29 It isn’t worthwhile her (marry/ marrying/ to marry/ to have married)

30 She did nothing but (cry/ crying/ to cry/ to have cried)

Loại bài tập 2 (Tự luận): Chia động từ trong ngoặc sang hình thức đúng:

1 When the painter felt the ladder (begin)(slip), he grabbed the gutter (save) him from (fall)

2 The snow kept (fall) and the workmen grew tired of (try) (keep) the roads clear.

3 He offered (lend) me the money I didn’t like (take) but I had no alternative.

4 What was in the letter ? ~ I don’t know I don’t like (open) it as it wan’t addressed to me.

5 Do you remember (read) about it ? ~ No, at that time I was too young (read) newspapers.

6 Did you remember (book) seats for the theatre tomorrow? ~ Yes, I have tickets here Would you like (keep) them ? I am inclined (lose) theatre tickets.

7 Try (avoid) (be) late He hates (be) kept (wait).

8 I didn’t know how (get) to your house so I stopped (ask) the way.

9 I wish my refrigerator would stop (make) that horrible noise You can’t hear anyone (talk).

10 This book tells you how (win) a game without actually (cheat).

11 The gunman began (fire) He felt a bullet (graze) his cheek.

12 He heard the clock (strike) six and knew that it was time for him (get) up.

13 I can hear the bell (ring) but nobody seems (be coming) (open) the door.

14 Did you advise him (go) to the police ? ~ No, I didn’t like (give) an advice on such a difficult matter.

15 He wanted (put) my chameloen on a tartan rug and (watch) it (change) colour.

16 It is easy (see) animals on the road in daylight but sometimes at night it is very difficult (avoid) (hit)

them

17 The fire seems (be) out ~ It can’t be quite out I can hear the wood (crackle).

18 I caught him (climb) over my wall I asked him (explain) but he refused (say) anything, so in the end I had (let) him (go).

19 When at last I succeeded in (convince) him that I wanted (get) home quickly he put his foot on the accelerator and I felt the car (leap) forward.

20 I’m not used to (drive) on the left ~ When you see someone else (do) it you’ll find it quite easy (do)

yourself

Loại bài tập 3 (Tự luận): Viết lại câu sau cho tương đương về nghĩa với câu đã cho.

1 I dislike it when people criticize me unfairly

 I object _

2 The film star wore dark glasses so that no one could recognize him

 The film star avoided _

3 “Stay here! I can’t let you go out tonight,” her mother said to Jane

 Jane’s mother prevented

4 “You didn’t pay attention to what I said,” the teacher said to the boy

 The teacher accused

5 “You should join the football team, Eric,” said the teacher

 The teacher encouraged

Loại bài tập 4 (Tự luận): Viết lại câu sau cho tương đương về nghĩa với câu đã cho.

6 Don’t forget / give / book / back / Joe

7 He / advised / me / not / drink / smoke / much

8 John / congratulated / me / pass / final exam

9 We / looking forward / meet / our children soon

10 Ann suggested / have / barbecue / instead / a fancy dress party

The Passive Voice

Cách thuật lại một câu từ chủ động sang câu bị động:

Câu chủ động phải có đầy đủ các yếu tố: Chủ ngữ + động từ+ tân ngữ thì mới đổi sang câu bị động được

Mẫu câu cơ bản:

Câu chủ động (Active) S+ V + O + phần còn lại của câu

Câu bị động (Passive) S + be + V-pp + phần còn lại + by+ O

• Nếu S là They, People, hoặc Some(one/body) thì có thể lược bỏ (tức là by+ O sẽ bị lược bỏ)

• S và O (I me, He  him, v.v )

Sự biến đổi động từ trong quá trình đổi

IS, ARE, WAS, WERETiếp diễn (Hiện tại/ Quá khứ) be+ V-ing Be+ being+ Vpp

Hoàn thành (Hiện tại/ Quá khứ) (have)+ Vpp (have)+ been+ Vpp Have= Have, has, had

Perfect Modal Aux + Have+ Vpp Aux + have been + Vpp

AUX= can, could, will, would, may, might, shall, should, be going to, be about to, have to, must…

Các mẫu câu cơ bản

• People say that he is a liar  It is said that he is a liar hoặc  He is said to be a liar.

• Don't bring the dog in  Let the dog not be brought in

• It's your duty to clean the room  You are supposed to clean the room.

• How long have you learnt English?

 How long has English been learnt by you?

BÀI TẬP THỰC HÀNH

Loại bài tập 1: (Trắc nghiệm khách quan): Chọn A, B, C, hoặc D

1 Tom wrote that letter

A That letter wrote by Tom B That letter was wrote by Tom

C That letter was written by Tom D That letter written by Tom

2 Somebody cleans the room everyday

A Everyday is cleaned the room B The room everyday is cleaned

C The room is cleaned everyday D The room cleaned everyday by somebody

3 They cancelled all flights because of the fog

A Because of the fog was cancelled all flights B All flights because of the fog were cancelled

C All flights was cancelled because of the fog D All flights wwere cancelled because of the fog

4 People don’t use this road very often

A This road doesn’t use very often B Very often isn’t used this road

C This road isn’t used very often D This road is used very often

5 Somebody accused me of stealing money

A Me was accused of stealing money by somebody

B Me was accused of stealing money

C I was accused of stealing money

D I of stealing money was accused by somebody

6 How do people learn languages?

A How do languages are learned? B How are languages learnt?

B How are people learned languages? D How languages are learnt?

7 People warned us not to go alone

8 Somebody is using the computer at the moment

A The computer is being used at the moment B At the moment is being used the computer

C The computer is used at the moment D The computer at the moment is being used

9 I didn’t realize that somebody was recording our conversation

A That somebody was recording our conversation wasn’t realized by me

B I didn’t realize that our conversation was being recorded

C That our conversation was being recorded wasn’t realized by me

D All are correct

10 We found that they had cancelled the game

A That they had cancelled the game was found B We found that the game had been cancelled

C That the game had been cancelled was found D All are correct

11 They are building a new highway around the city

A A new highway around the city is built B A new highway is being built around the city

C A new highway is being building around the city D All are correct

12 They have built a new hospital near the airport

A A new hospital near the airport has built B A new hospital has been built near the airport

C Near the airport have been built a new hospital D Near the airport has been built a new hospital

13 People should send their complaints to the head office

A Their complaints should be sent to the head office

B Their complaints should be send to the head office

C Their complaints should be sended to the head office

D Their complaints to the head office should be sent

14 They had to postpone the meeting because of illness

A The meeting because of the illness had to be postponed

B The meeting had to be postponed because of the meeting

C The meeting was had to postpone because of the illness

D The meeting had to be postpone because of the illness

15 Somebody might have stolen your car

A Your car might be have stolen B Your car might have be stolen

C Your car might have been stolen D Your car might have been stealed

16 An electrical fault could have caused the fire

A The fire could have caused by an electrical fault

B The fire could have been caused by an electrical fault

C The fire could have been caused an electrical fault

D The fire could have been caused

17 They are going to hold next year’s congress in San Francisco

A Next year’s congress in San Francisco are going to be held

B Next year’s congress is going to be held in San Francisco

C In San Francisco is going to be held next year’s congress

D Next year’s congress is going to be holded in San Francisco

18 They shouldn’t have played the football match in such bad weather

A The football match shouldn’t have been played in such bad weather

B The football match in such bad weather shouldn’t have been played

C In such bad weather shouldn’t have been played the football match by them

D In such bad weather they shouldn’t have been played the football match

19 The bill includes service

A Service is included in the bill B Service is included by the bill

C Service is include in the bill D Service is include by the bill

20 They have changed the date of the meeting

A The date of the meeting has been changed B The date of the meeting have been changed

C The date has been changed of the meeting D The date have been changed of the meeting

21 Brian told me that somebody had attacked him in the street

A I was told that somebody had attacked Brian in the street

B Brian told me that he had been attacked in the street

C I was told that Brian had been attacked in the street

D All are correct

22 They didn’t offer Ann the job

A Ann wasn’t offered the job B The job wasn’t offered to Ann

C Ann the job wasn’t offered D All are correct

23 They will ask you a lot of questions at the interview

A You will be asked a lot of questions at the interview

B A lot of questions at the interview will be asked by you

C You a lot of questions will be asked at the interview

D You a lot of questions at the interview will be asked

24 Nobody told me that George was ill

A I wasn’t told that George was ill B That George was ill was told me

C I was told that George was ill by nobody D All are correct

25 His colleagues gave him a present when he retired

A He was given a present by his colleagues when he retired

B A present was given to him when he retired by his colleagues

C When he retired he was given a present by his colleagues

D All are correct

26 We will send you the results as soon as they are ready

A You will be sent the results as soon as they are ready

B The results will be sent to you as soon as they are ready

C As soon as the results are ready, they will be sent to you

D All are correct

27 I think they should have offered Tom the job

A It is thought that Tom should have been offered the job

B I think that Tom should have been offered the job

C I think that the job should have been offered to Tom

D B and C are correct

28 They say that many people are homeless after the tsunami

A It is said that many people are homeless after the tsunami

B Many people are said to be homeless after the tsunami

C That many people are homeless after the tsunami is said

D All are correct

29 They know that the Prime Minister is in favor of the new law

A It is known that the Prime Minister is in favor of the new law

B The Prime Minister is known to is in favor of the new law

C That the Prime Minister is in favor of the new law are known

D All are correct

30 They expect that the government will lose the election

A It is expected that the government will lose the election

B That the government will lose the election is expected

C The government is expected to lose the election

D All are correct

31 They think that the prisoner escaped by climbing over the wall

A The prisoner is thought to escape by climbing over the wall

B That the prisoner escaped by climbing over the was was thought

C The prisoner is thought to have escaped by climbing over the wall

D All are correct

32 They believe that the thieves got in through the kitchen window

A It was believed that the thieves got in through the kitchen window

B The thieves are believed to get in through the kitchen window

C The thieves are believed to have got in through the kitchen window

D All are correct

33 They report that over 200,000 people were killed in the tsunami

A It is reported that over 200,000 people were killed in the tsunami

B Over 200,000 people are reported are reported to have been killed in the tsunami

C That over 200,000 people were killed in the tsunami is reported

D All are correct

34 They say that three men were arrested after the explosion

A Three men are said to have been arrested after the explosion

B It is said that after the explosion was arrested three men

C Three men are said to be arrested after the explosion

D All are correct

35 The boys carried the box into the room

A The box was carried into the room by the boys B The box into the room was carried by the boys

C The box is carried into the room by the boys D The box into the room is carried by the boys

36 Tom bought that book yesterday

A That book yesterday was bought by Tom B That book was bought by Tom yesterday

C That book was bought yesterday by Tom D That book was buyed yesterday by Tom

37 The old man treated the little boy badly

A The little boy was treated badly by the old man B The little boy badly was treated

C The little boy badly was treated by the old man D All are correct

38 A group of students have met their friends at the railway station

A Their friends have been met at the railway station by a group of students

B Their friends at the railway station have been met by a group of students

C Their friends have been meeted at the railway station by a group of students

A At the railway station has met their friends by a group of students

39 They didn’t allow Tom to take these books home

A Tom wasn’t allowed to take these books home B Tom was allowed to take these books home

C To take these books home wasn’t allowed Tom D Tom to take these books home wasn’t allowed

40 How many trees did they cut down to build that fence?

A How many trees were cut down to build that fence?

B How many were trees cut down to build that fence?

C Were how many trees cut down to build that fence?

D How many trees were cutted down to build that fence?

41 This well-known library attracts many people

A Many people are attracted by this well-known library

B Many people are attracted in this well-known library

C Many people were attracted by this well-known library

D Many people were attracted in this well-known library

42 How long has Mr Smith taught you French?

A How long have you been taught French by Mr Smith?

B How long has French been taught you by Mr Smith?

C How long have you French been taught?

D All are correct

43 They didn’t look after the children properly

A After the children properly wasn’t looked B The children properly wasn’t looked after

C The children wasn’t looked after properly D The children weren’t looked after properly

44 How many lessons are you going to learn next month?

A How many lessons are going to be learnt next month?

B How many are lessons going to be learnt next month?

C How many lessons are being going to learn next month?

D Are how many lessons going to be learnt next month?

45 She didn’t introduce me to her mother

A Me wasn’t introduced to her mother by her B I wasn’t introduced to her mother by her

C Her mother wasn’t introduced to me by her D B and C are correct

Loại bài tập 2 (Tự luận): Viết lại câu sau cho tương đương về nghĩa với câu đã cho.

1 We have made great progress in our economy in the last few years

 Great progress

2 The workers are going to pull down that old building

 That old building

3 You can’t buy anything nice in that shop

Loại bài tập 3 (Tự luận): Viết lại câu sau cho tương đương về nghĩa với câu đã cho.

1 Inflation / said / be getting / out / control

2 All / decorating will / finished / by / weekend

3 You / should have / car / look / the mechanic

4 We / made / empty / our suitcases / the customs official

5 It’s impossible / that plan / carried out

The Sequence of TensesTÓM TẮT LÝ THUYẾT

Thói quen, sở thích , nghề nghiệp, chân lý

Dùng cho các động từ chỉ nhận thức hoặc giác quan (think, believe, own,

Các trạng từ chỉ tần suất như : every, always, often, usually, sometimes, once

or twice a week

have )Present

BE= is, am, are

Sự việc đang xảy ra lúc nói Sự viêc sắp xảy ra ở tương lai gần

Sự việc khác thường lệ

Các trạng từ chỉ thời gian như now, at present, at the moment, today, next

Thói quen trong quá khứ hoặc Sự việc đã xảy ra trong quá khứ có thời gian

cụ thể

Các trạng từ chỉ thời gian như last, in/ at + thời gian, ago, when

BE= was, were

Sự việc đang xảy ra tài một thời điểm trong quá khứ

Các trạng từ chỉ thời gian như THEN, AT THAT TIME, AT THAT MOMENTCác liên từ chỉ thời gian như WHEN, WHILE

Sự việc vừa mới xảy ra

since, for, just, lately, recently, ever, in the last, during the last, yet, this is the first time, so far, how

By + thời gian ở quá khứBefore/ After

Câu điều kiện loại 1

Hành động quyết định lúc nói

Tiên đoán 1 sự việc trong tương lai

Các trạng ngữ chỉ thời gian trong tương lai như NEXT.Câu bắt đầu với cấu trúc I

am sure that/ I think/ promise that

S + be not going to + Vinf

Be + S + going to+ Vinf?

Tiên đoán có cơ sở

Sự việc sắp xảy ra ở tương lai gần

Ví dụ: She opened the door and saw an old man.

2 Nếu hai hành động song song xảy ra: cả hai đều dùng Hiện tại tiếp diễn hoặc quá khứ tiếp diễn (tuỳ theo mốc thời gian)

Ví dụ: Mary’s husband was working in the garden while she was cooking in the kitchen.

3 Nếu 1 hành động đang xảy ra thì có 1 hành động khác cắt ngang: hành động đang xảy ra dùng HTTD hoặc QKTD; hành động cắt ngang dùng HTĐ hoặc QKĐ (tuỳ theo mốc thời gian)

Ví dụ: The phone rang while she was cooking in the kitchen.

4 Nếu hai hành động xảy ra trong quá khứ không liên tiếp nhau: hành động xảy ra trước

dùng QK hoàn thành; hành động xảy ra sau dùng QK đơn.

Ví dụ: After they had had dinner, they watched TV.

Sự phối hợp thì trong mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ thời gian:

Adverbial clauses of time : bắt đầu bằng các liên từ chỉ thời gian như: when, whenever,

before, after, since, as soon as, as, while, till, until, just as, no sooner…than, hardly… when, as long as, etc.

Liên từ Mệnh đề phụ (trạng ngữ chỉ thời gian) Mệnh đề chính

+ simple present (thói quen)+ present continuous (sự việc đang xảy ra/ cắt ngang)+ present perfect ( sự việc đã hoàn tất) Simple present+ present perfect (sự việc đã hoàn tất)

+ simple present (sự việc sẽ hoàn tất tại một điểm thời gian trong tương lai)

Future tenses (will or be

+ nếu 2 hành động xảy ra không liên tiếp nhau: hành động xảy ra trước dùng quá khứ hoàn thành; hành động xảy ra sau dùng quá khứ đơn

Past tenses

PHẦN BÀI TẬP

PHẦN BÀI TẬP TRẮC NGHIỆM KHÁCH QUAN

Exercise 2: Choose the best answer (A, B, C or D) to complete each sentence

1 Listen! I someone knock on the door

A am hearing B hear C have heard D heard

2 We a wonderful time during our last vacation

A had B have had C had had D were having

3 My mother in this bookshop for 10 years

A has worked B worked C is working D was working

4 Newton back to Cambridge in1667

A has gone B was going C goes D went

5 My mothers has retired

A for two years B two years ago C since D yet

6 He met her

A so far B last week C now D every day

7 My father TV last night

A isn’t watching B didn’t watch C doesn’t watch D don’t watch

8 My mother in a bookshop this spring

A has worked B worked C is working D was working

9 Mai dinner at the moment

A has B is having C had D has had

10 My father TV every night.

A isn’t watching B didn’t watch C doesn’t watch D don’t watch

11 Mai dinner when the light went out

A has B is having C had D was having

12 They haven’t received their bonuses

A just B ago C yet D now

13 How long you in Kon Tum?

A lives B do live C have lived D had lived

14 My mother in a bookshop when she was young

A is working B worked C has worked D was working

15 Someone at the door Can you answer it?

16 John at the moment, so he can’t answer the telephone

17 Old Ted twenty cigarettes a day till he gave up

18 Michael a word with Linda this morning

19 We cleaned up the room as soon as the guests

20 Jane’s eyes are red She

21 The concert at 7:15

A starts B is staring C has started D is going to start

22 Her family to America before 1975

23 I my key Can you help me look for it?

24.I have learnt English I was nine years old

25 I him since I a student

A know/am B knew/ was C have known/was D knew/ have been

26 I my homework yet

A have done B did C haven’t done D A & B are correct

27 Tim a new job

28 Since he left, I nothing from him

A heard B am going to hear C have been heard D have heard

29 I last saw her, I haven’t heard from her

30 How long you English?

A did….learn B have… learnt C learned D have learnt

31 She has got married ages

32.I have learnt English nine years

A since B for C ago D yet

33 I my homework yesterday

A have done B did C haven’t done D A & B are correct

34 I began to learn English I was in grade 6

35 Almost everyone for home by the time we arrived

36 By the age of 25, he two famous novels

37 to rain before you woke up this morning?

A Did it begin B Has it begun C Had it begun D Would it begin

38 My daughter saw an elephant this morning but she one before

A had never seen B has never seen C never sees D never had seen

39 My mothers has retired

A for two years B two years ago C since D yet

40 I that I how to use tenses now

A think/ know B am thinking/ know C think/ am knowing D thinks/ knows

PHẦN TỰ LUẬN

I Supply the correct verb forms: The Simple Present Tense, the Present Continuous Tense or Present Perfect:

1 Be quiet! The baby (sleep).

2 We seldom (eat) before 6.30.

3 Look! A man (run) after the train He (want) to catch it.

4 The sun (set) in the West

5 It (be) often hot in the summer.

6 I (do) an exercise on the present tenses at this moment and I (think) that I (know) how use it

7 My mother sometimes (buy) vegetables at this market.

8 It (be) very cold now.

9 It (rain) much in summer It (rain) now.

10 Daisy (cook) some food in the kitchen at present She always (cook) in the morning.

II Supply the correct forms: Present Tenses:

1 Listen! I (think) someone (knock) at the door.

2 Up to the present we (write) almost every lesson in the book.

3 The earth (circle) the sun once every 365 days.

4 The farmer (work) in the field at the moment.

5 How many times you (see) him since he (go) to Edinburgh?

6 Rivers usually (flow) to the sea.

7 Look! The baby (cry).

8 Do you know that man who (smoke) over there?

9 Mrs Green always (go) to work by bus?

10 We (be) from French We (be) there for 20 years.

III Supply the correct forms: Past Tenses:

1 Yesterday John (go) to the store before he (go) home.

2 Our teacher (tell) us yesterday that he (visit) England in 1970.

3 When John and I got to the theatre, the movie (start) already.

4 Before Alice (go) to sleep, she (call) her family.

5 When the phone (ring), I (have) dinner.

6 Daisy (agree) with other members in the last meeting.

7 What you (do) at 6 p.m yesterday?

8 The little girl asked what (happen) to her ice – cream.

9 He (teach) in this school before he (leave) for England.

10 She (win) a gold medal in 1986.

IV Give the correct tenses of the verbs in parentheses:

1 I (make) cakes for my birthday when he came

2 I think he (phone) you as soon as he (know) the news.

3 You (speak) to Mrs Baker yesterday?

- No, I (not see) her for a long time I cannot remember when I last (see) her.

4 He (leave) home two weeks ago and we (not hear) from him since then.

5 He has slept for ten hours when I (come).

6 They (not come) home until they (see) everything.

7 How often you (go) to your English class? – Well, I (go) there twice a week.

8 She (not go) to the film with us yesterday evening She (see) it before.

9 I have bought this house since my mother (die)

10 My teacher (teach) English when we came to visit her yesterday.

11 About ten years ago he (disappear) and I (never hear) from him since.

12 How long he (teach) mathematics at our school? – I don’t know for sure Maybe he (begin) teaching

here in 1985

13 Where you (work) before you (come) here last month?

14 When I (see) her tomorrow, I (remind) her of that.

15 There (be) a lot of animals killed before the law forbidding hunting and fishing (come) in being.

16 Mark (play) the guitar when he was six.

17 When I (come) to see him yesterday, he was sleeping.

18 After he (go) to school, he (go) to his mother’s store to help her.

19 I dropped my pen when I (run) for the bus this morning.

20 When I (get) there yesterday afternoon, everybody had already gone home.

II Rewrite the following sentences so that their meanings stay the same.

1 It’s ages since my sister was last here

 My sister hasn’t _

2 My father began smoking when he was eighteen

 My father has _

3 I haven’t spoken to her for two weeks

 The last time _

4 It’s the first time he has failed an exam

1 I always talk / parents / before / make/ an important decision.

2 A survey / conducted / American and Chinese students / determine / attitudes / love and marriage

3 Vinamilk / just / offered jobs / 27 members / Vietnam’s Women’s Football team

4 Most / the football players / will / jobless / when / the Games / over

5 It / Henry Davison / proposed / form / a federation of these National Societies

Conditionals (Mệnh đề chỉ điều kiện)

 Thường bắt đầu bằng liên từ chỉ điều kiện như if, unless, provided that, once, as long as, on the

condition that (nếu, miễn là, với điều kiện là, trừ phi) Các liên từ này dùng để dẫn nhập các mệnh đề

phụ chỉ điều kiện

Ví dụ: If it is fine tomorrow, I will go for a picnic

 Nghĩa: Miễn là (if, provided that, on the condition that, as long as)

Trừ phi (unless)

 Có 3 loại câu điều kiện chính

 Câu điều kiện loại 1 (Conditional Type 1): dùng để chỉ một khả năng có thể xảy ra ở hiện tại:

If + S + V 1 , S + will/can + V-inf

Ví dụ: If it is fine tomorrow, we will go for a picnic.

Loại bài tập biến đổi: Câu cho sẵn sẽ có liên từ OR

Ví dụ: Be careful or you will make the same mistake again.

 If you are careful, you will not make the same mistake again.

hoặc If you are not careful, you will make the same mistake again.

 Câu điều kiện loại 2 (Conditional Type 2): dùng để chỉ một điều kiện không có thực hoặc một khả năng

không có thể xảy ra ở hiện tại:

If + S + V 2 , S + would/could + V-inf

Ví dụ: If I were you, I would go for a picnic

Nếu tôi là bạn, tôi sẽ đi dã ngoại (tất nhiên tôi không phải là bạn)

Loại bài tập biến đổi: Câu cho sẵn sẽ có liên từ BECAUSE, SO

Ví dụ: She is too young, so she can have a job now.

 If she were old(er), she would/could have a job now.

hoặc If you were not too young, she would/could have a job now

 Câu điều kiện loại 3 (Conditional Type 3): dùng để chỉ một điều kiện không có thực hoặc

một khả năng không có thể xảy ra ở quá khứ:

If + S + had V 3 , S + would/could have + V 3

Ví dụ: If it had been fine yesterday, we would have gone for a picnic

Loại bài tập biến đổi: Câu cho sẵn sẽ có liên từ BECAUSE, SO

Ví dụ: She was ill yesterday, so she didn’t go to school

 If you had been well yesterday, she would have gone to school

hoặc If you had not been ill yesterday, she would have gone to school

 Một số lưu ý :

+ Khi viết lại một câu điều kiện (đặc biệt là loại 2, 3) ta phải

Lùi thì: Câu đã cho ở Hiện tại  câu Điều kiện viết lại ở Quá khứ.

Câu đã cho ở Quá khứ  câu ĐK viết lại Quá khứ hoàn thành

Đổi thể Câu đã cho ở khẳng định  câu điều kiện ở phủ định (thêm NOT) hoặc trái nghĩa (ill 

not ill hoặc well).

PHẦN BÀI TẬP

PHẦN BÀI TẬP TRẮC NGHIỆM

I Choose the word or phrase that best completes each sentence:

1 If there a good programme on TV tonight, I’ll watch it

2 John wouldn’t miss his favourite program if he a video recorder

3 If I had known you were in hospital, I to see you

4 I could tell you what this means if I Greek

5 My family to the beach for our holiday if we have enough money

6 If I were offered the job, I think I it

A will take B.would take C would have taken D took

7 I’ll send you some information if you me your address

8 If I had a typewriter I it myself

9 If Kate is late again, she her job

10 If he worked more slowly he so many mistakes

A wouldn’t make B won’t make C didn’t make D wouldn’t made

11 If I had had a motorbike, I home immediately

A would go B would have gone C would have go D will go

12 There enough room if everyone comes

13.You sick if you eat all that ice- cream

14 More tourists would come to this country if it a better climate

15 If he had worked hard, he his examination

A would pass B will pass C would have passed D wouldn’t have passed

16 If I a big prize in a lottery I’d give up my job

17 We’ll get wet if we out

18 You won’t pass the examination you study more

A.as long as B.unless C.if D.whether

19 If I sold my car, I much money for it

A wouldn’t get B would get C wouldn’t have got D will get

20 If I see him I him a lift

21 If the rain , I would have gone for a walk.

22 What will happen if my parachute ?

A didn’t open B don’t open C doesn’t open D no opened

23 What if you found a burglar in your house?

A will you do B would you do C are you doing D have you done

24 The table won’t collapse you stand on it

A.as long as B.unless C.if D.whether

25 If I had had enough money, I a new motobike

A would buy B would have buy C would have bought D will buy

26 I find your passport , I will telephone you at once

27 Tom got to the station in time to catch his train If he the train, he late for his interview

A missed/would have been B had missed/would be

28 I’m sure Sue would understand you explained the situation to her

29 He wouldn’t have begun to learn Russian if he the difficulty

30 It’s good that you reminded me about Lan’s birthday I if she me

A would forget/hadn’t reminded B would have forgotten/didn’t remind

C would forget/didn’t remind D would have gorgotten/hadn’t reminded

31 You can use my book you look after it carefully

32.Unfortunately, I didn’t have my address book with me when I was in New York I you a postcard if I your address

A.would have sent/had had B.would have sent/had

C.would send/had D.would send/had had

33 If we more rain now, our crop faster

34 Tony rings, tell him I’m at Mary’ house

35 You don’t ask me If you me, I it to you

36 If it a nice day tomorrow, we swimming

A is/ will go B will be/ go C was/ would go D would be/ go

37 John didn’t install an alarm If he it, the thieves into his house

A had installed/ wouldn’t have broken B had installed/ would have broken

C installed/ would break D installed/ wouldn’t break

38 you show your identity card, you won’t be able to get into the examination room

39 I wasn’t a famous director If I a famous director, I a film with him.

C had been/ would have made D would have been/ had made

40 You won’t be allowed to take the entrance examination to the university you fail the GCSE examination

41 We didn’t go because it rained can be rewritten as

A If it hadn’t rained, we would have gone B If it had rained, we wouldn’t have gone

C If it didn’t rain, we wouldn’t have gone D If it had rained, we would haven’t gone

42 Peter eats so many chips so he is fat can be rewritten as

A If Peter not ate so many chips, he wouldn’t be fat

B If Peter ate so many chips, he would be fat

C If Peter didn’t eat so many chips, he wouldn’t be fat.

D If Peter weren’t fat, he would have eaten so many chips

43 Do more homework or you won’t pass the exam can be rewritten as

A.If you do more homework , you will pass the exam

B If you do more homework , you won’t pass the exam

C If you pass the exam , you will do more homework

D If you don’t more homework , you won’t pass the exam

44 Sarah doesn’t study hard She hates school can be rewritten as

A If Sarah hated school, she would study hard

B If Sarah studied hard, she wouldn’t hate school

C If Sarah liked school, she would study hard

D If Sarah studied hard, she would like school

45 He didn’t hurry, so he missed the train can be rewritten as

A.If he had hurried, he wouldn’t have missed the train

B If he had hurried, he would have caught the train

C Had he hurried, he would have caught the train

D All are correct

46 I can’t translate this I don’t speak Korean can be rewritten as

A If I didn’t speak Korean, I couldn’t translate this

B If I spoke Korean, I could translate this.

C If I translated this, I could speak Korean

D If I didn’t translate this, I couldn’t speak Korean

47 Prepare the lesson carefully or you will get bad marks can be rewritten as

A If you don’t prepare the lesson carefully, you will get bad marks

B If you prepare the lesson carefully, you won’t get bad marks

C If you prepare the lesson carefully, you will get good marks

D All are correct

48.He lost his job because he was late every day can be rewritten as

A.If he had been late every day, he would have lost his job

B If he hadn’t been late every day, he wouldn’t have lost his job

C If he hadn’t been late every day, he would have lost his job

D If he had been late every day, he wouldn’t have lost his job

49 He is tired He works twelve hours a day can be rewritten as

A He wouldn’t be tired if he didn’t work twelve hours a day

B He would be tired if he worked twelve hours a day

C He wouldn’t work twelve hours a day if he were tired

D He would work twelve hours a day if he weren’t tired

50 You didn’t tell me earlier That’s why I didn’t give it to you can be rewritten as _

A I wouldn’t have given it to you if you hadn’t told me earlier

B I would haven’t given it to you if you had told me earlier

C I would have given it to you if you had told me earlier

D Had you told me earlier, I wouldn’t have given it to you

PHẦN BÀI TẬP TỰ LUẬN

1 Viết lại các câu cho dưới đây sao cho nghĩa tương đương với câu đã cho.

1 The music was playing loudly at the restaurant, so I didn’t hear everything Mr Lee said during the dinner  If _

2 Debra doesn’t have car She doesn’t go out in the evening

17 Unless the thief had left his gloves at the scene, he wouldn’t have been arrested.

2 Xây dựng các câu với những từ gợi ý.

1 If I / know that / you were there, we / write / you a letter

2 If / you / write / him, / he / might / reply / letter

3 If the doctor / have / the morning office hours, he / visit / his patients / the hospital / the morning

4 Unless he / speak / quickly, / I / could understand / him

5 Without / passport, she / couldn’t / left / country

The clauses and phrases of concession

(Mệnh đề và cụm từ chỉ sự nhượng bộ)

Hình thức :

1 The Clause of concession: (Mệnh đề chỉ sự nhượng bộ) là mệnh đề bắt đầu bằng các liên từ

Although, Though, Even though (dù, cho dù, mặc dù)

Although/ even though/ though + a clause ( S + V )

E.g.: + Although he was ill, he went to school.

+ Even though they hadn’t eaten for 12 hours, they didn’t feel hungry

2 The phrases of concession: (Cụm từ chỉ sự nhượng bộ) là các cụm từ bắt đầu bằng các từ nối In

spite of, Despite (Dù, cho dù ,mặc dù)

In spite of / despite + noun/ noun phrase/ V-ing(Gerund)

E.g.: + Despite his illness, he went to school.

+ In spite of not having eaten for 12 hours, they didn’t feel hungry.

The clauses and phrases of reason

(Mệnh đề và cụm từ chỉ lý do)

Hình thức :

1 The clause of reason: (Mệnh đề chỉ lý do) là mệnh đề bắt đầu bằng các liên từ Because, Since, As

(vì, bởi vì)

Because / since / as + a clause ( S + V )

E.g.: + Because he was ill, he didn’t go to school yesterday.

+ Since she hadn’t been in the rain for hours, she caught a cold

2 The phrases of reason: (Cụm chỉ lý do ) là các cụm từ bắt đầu bằng các từ nối Because of (Vì, bởi

vì)

Because of + noun / noun phrase / V-ing(Gerund)

E.g.: + Because of his illness, he didn’t go to school yesterday.

+ Because of having been in the rain for hours, she caught a cold.

Qui tắc biến đổi câu từ Mệnh đề sang Cụm từ và ngược lại (áp dụng cho cả 02 loại mệnh đề

(Although ↔ In spite of/Despite; Because ↔Because of)

1 Nếu 2 vế cùng chủ ngữ: ta có thể rút gọn mệnh đề bằng cách bỏ chủ ngữ (sau Although/ Even though) và lấy Vpp (câu bị động) hoặc V-ing (câu chủ động)

Ví dụ 1: Although she was ill, she still went to school

Despite being ill, she still went to school

Ví dụ 2: Although she was wounded, she refused to be taken to hospital.

In spite of (being) wounded, she refused to be taken to hospital.

2 Nếu sau Because/Although là be + adj/Noun, ta có thể rút gọn bằng cách chuyển Adj thành Noun hoặc lấy Noun sau động từ to be đó

Ví dụ: Although it was rainy, the game still went on

In spite of the rain, the game still went on

3 Nếu sau Because/Although là V + Adv, ta có thể rút gọn bằng cách chuyển Adv thành Adj và chuyển V thành Noun

Ví dụ: Although it rained heavily, she still went to school

In spite of the heavy rain, she still went to school

4 Nếu sau Because/Although là Chủ ngữ +V/ (be) + V 3 , ta có thể rút gọn bằng cách chuyển V/ V 3

thành Noun 1 và Chủ ngữ làm Noun 2

PHẦN BÀI TẬP

Exercise 1 Complete sentences with although (even though, though) / despite (in spite of):

1 he had planned everything carefully, a lot of things went wrong

1 The pilot will bring the plane down safely the bad weather

2 her diet, she eats the chocolate cake

3 I love music I can’t play any musical instrument

4 We took many pictures the cloudy sky

5 she was teribbly tired, she went on walking

6 it was cold, he went swimming

7 She was admitted to the university her slow grades

8 Henry has failed so often, he has never been disappointed

9 She managed to smile her broken leg

Exercise 2 Fill in the blank with Because of, in spite of ( despite), because or although:

1 the traffic jam, I came late for the interview

2 I went to the meeting on time the heavy traffic

3 They had to cancel the match the bad weather

4 We decided to catch the early train we knew it would be full of people going to work

5 the machine was broken and the restaurant was till closed

6 the fact that we were very disappointed, we were determined to enjoy the day

7 He managed to walk to the first village his broken leg

8 My brother didn’t pass the exam not studying hard

9 studying hard, she didn’t pass the exam

10 the fact he was very lazy, he passed the exam

11 My mother jogs every morning she is very old

12 the extremely bad weather, my friends decided to cancel the camping trip

13 the salary doesn’t meet my expectations, I will accept the job offer

14 It looks like they are going to succeed their present difficulties

15 You had to stop working hard you got sick

16 It was difficult to deliver the letter there was no address on it

17 We had to change our trip the bad weather

18 The chickens were killed in thousands the disease

19 We had to call her her baby was ill

20 He had to repeat class his poor grades

21 We shouldn’t leave the party early it was boring

22 They visited her often she retired 5 years ago

23 She wasn’t awarded the scholarship working hard

24 He was awarded the scholarship his talents

25 I couldn’t go to the park yesterday afternoon it rained heavily

26 The inhabitants here don’t want to leave their village they love their beautiful

age-old tradition

27 The children were swimming for hours the water was cold

28 the heavy rain, the place is flooded

29 too much littering on the sidewalk, we don’t like to take a walk here

30 Ann works very hard for the exam her poor health

31 the rapid development of supermarkets, the traditional market may continue to exist

32 There have been a lot of accidents on this road too many potholes on it

33 his successful business, he encourages his children to work hard and earn their

own living.

34 Mrs Brown is very happy her son’s success in the exam

35 his low income, Mr Johnson tried to send his four children to university

36 My friend was very sad her mother’s death last week

37 The picnic was delayed the storm

38 38 Yesterday we didn’t go to school our teacher’s sickness

39 39.Everyone loves her her good behaviour

40 The meeting wasn’t postponed the president’s absence

• tell(s) có nghĩa là tell hoặc tells khi chủ ngữ là He, She, It hoặc 01 người

• Say(s), said sẽ được biến thành tell(s), told

• (not) nghĩa là phải thêm nó vào khi phần nội dung của câu ra lệnh bắt đầu bằng DON’T

• Phải có đầy đủ người nói + người nghe

• Các từ đệm như please, really, OK sẽ được lược bỏ khi thuật lại

• Mỗi câu thuật lại có 2 phần:

+ Phần nội dung (nằm trong ngoặc): ‘ ’ ‘Come in, please”, “Don’t come in”

+ Phần giới thiệu (nằm ngoài ngoặc kép) thường là người nói + động từ ra lệnh

Một số lưu ý khi thuật lại:

• Đưa phần giới thiệu lên trước phần nội dung

• Phải có đủ 3 yếu tố người nói + động từ ra lệnh + người nghe

• Động từ ra lệnh thường là Tell(s) ai hoặc Told (ai) ( đặc biệt nếu động từ cho trước là say(s), said thì

phải đổi là tell(s), told)

• Thêm TO trước động từ trong câu thuật lại

Ví dụ: “Come in”, he said : He told (me/her) to come in.

• Đổi Don’t thành Not to

Ví dụ: “Don’t come”, he said to me  He told me not to come

Trường hợp các câu ở dạng câu kể (Statements) nhưng được thuật lại ở dạng ra lệnh

Loại câu này có dạng câu khẳng định, phủ định hoặc câu hỏi

• ' If I were you, I would phone him immediately'.

• 'Would you like to have a cup of tea?'

• 'You must not enter this area without permission'

Các câu ở dạng này vẫn được thuật lại theo cấu trúc:

người nói + động từ ra lệnh + người nghe + (not) to + V-inf

Khi thuật lại các câu ở dạng này, điều cần thiết là phải xác định đúng V-inf trong câu trực tiếp; động từ ra lệnh (TOLD) có thể được thay bằng một động từ khác (ADVISED, BEGGED, RECOMMENDED,

SUGGESTED…) tuỳ theo nghĩa cụ thể ở từng câu

• ' If I were you, I would phone him immediately'

 He told me to phone him immediately (TOLD = ADVISED)