Hướng dẫn ôn thi tốt nghiệp THPT môn lịch sử (theo cấu trúc đề thi của bộ giáo dục và đào tạo) phần 2

Thin gian 15)Tir07- lOden - - 1947 Chicn dich Viet Bac ihu dong 1947 16)TO16 - den 22 - 10 - 1950 Chien dich Bien gidi thu - dong 1930 17)TO11 den - - 1951 Dai hoi dai bieu loan quoc Ian thtf II rua E>ang Cong san Dong Di/dng hop d Chiem Hoa (Tuyen Quang) 18)Ngay - - 1951 Thong nhat Mat tran Viet Minh va Hoi Lien Viet Mat tran Lien VieL ) T O - d e n - - 1954 Chien dich lich suT Dien Bien Phu 20)TOO8-5den21 - - Hoi nghi quoc te' Gidnevd (hop 26 - 4) ban giai phap cham dul chien tranh, lap lai hoa binh d E>6ng DiTdng 21)Ngay21 - - 1954 Hiep dinh Gidnevd ve cham di?l chien tranh lap lai hoa binh Dong Difdng 22)Ngay - - 1954 Quan doi xam lildc Phap nit khoi Ha Noi, cung quan doi Viet Nam tie'n vao tiep quan ihu VIET NAM TLT NAM 1954 BEN NAM 1975 B A I 21 XAY Dl/NG C H U NGHIA XA HQI d M I E N B A C D A U TRANH C H O N G DE Q U O C Ml VA CHINH Q U Y E N SAI G O N MiEN NAM (1954-1975) [IJTINH HINH VA N H I E M S A U HIEP VU C A C H MANG DjNH GIdNEVd Nl/dC TA N A M 1954 VE DONG DJONG - Hiep dinh Gicmevd 1954 ve Dong Di/cfng du»c k i ket, da c h ^ cu6c chien tranh xam lifdc Viet Nam, Lao, Campuchia cua thUt dan duft Ph^p c6 de quoc Ml giup sure - Ve phia ta: + Ngky 10 - 10 - 1954, quan ta tien v^o tiep quan Noi khong ti/ng bifng cua ng^y hoi giai ph6ng + Ngay 01 - 01 - 1955, Ho Chi Minh trd ve Thij Trung ifcfng Dang, C h i n h phu v a Chti tich - Ve phia M i : sau k h i Hiep dinh Gicfnevcf nam 1954 dUOc k i ket, Ml thay Phdp diing chinh quyen Ngo Dinh Diem d mien Nam, thuc hien a m m i A i chia cat Viet Nam, bien mien Nam thuoc dia kieu m6i va can cur quan stf cua M i l| nn M I E N B A C H O A N T H A N H C A I C A C H R U O N G DAT, KHOI P H U C KINH T E , C A I TAO Q U A N H E S A N X U A T (1954 - 1960) H o a n t h a n h c a i e a c h r u p n g d a t , k h o i p h u c k i n h t e , h a n gSm v e t | thi^ctag c h i e n t r a n h (1954 j - 1957) a Hodn cai each ruong dot - Thufe hien chu tnTcfng cua Trung ifcmg, hai nam (1954 - 1956), mien B a c tien hanh cai each ruong dat or 3314 xa thuoc 22 tinh dong bang va trung du - Qua deft cai c^ch ruong dat, da tich thu khoang Ivan hecta ruong dat, 10 van nghin trau bo, 1,8 trieu nong cu til tay giai cap dia chu dem chia cho tren trieu ho nong dan lao dong - Ket qua: Giai cap dia chu can ban hi xoa bo Nong dan da lam chu nong thon, nguyen vong lau dcfi cua nong dan la "ngilai cay c6 ruong" da dtfcfc thiic hien - Sai lam: Daii to' ca nhuTng ngtfdi c6 cong vdi each mang, quy nham mot so nong dan, can bo, dang vien dia chu b Khoi phuc kinh te, han gdn vet thuang chien tranh - Cong cuoc khoi phuc kinh te dUttc toan dan tich ciic hifdng ling va trien khai tat c a cdc nganh I + Trong nong nghiep, nong dan h a n g hdi khai khan ruong dat bo h o a n g , bao dam cay cay het ruong dat vang chu, t a n g them dan trau b6, s a m them cong cu He thong de dieu da difoc tu bo Nhieu cong trinh thuy nong mdi dUtfc xay dtfng, c6 tac dung m d rgng dien tich tiTdfi va tieu nifdc + Trong cong nghiep, giai cap cong nhan da nhanh chong khoi phuc d hau het c^c ccr sd cong nghiep Den cudi nam 1957, mien Bac c6 tat ea 97 nha may, xi nghiep Idn nhd Nha nifdc quan l i + Cac nganh thu cong nghiep mien B a c cung diiOe khoi phuc nhanh ch6ng Den nam 1957, nganh thu cong nghiep da cung cap gan 59% sd hang hoa cong nghiep ca niidc, giai quyet phan nao viec lam cho ngUcri lao dong + Trong t h U O n g nghiep, he thdng mau dich qudc doanh va hop tac xa m u a ban di/gc m d rong, da cung cap cang nhieu m a t hang cho nhan dan; giao liftj hang hoa giora cac dia phutfng cang phat trien; boat dong ngoai thiTcmg d a n dan t a p trung v a o t a y Nha n\i6c Den cudi n a m 1957, mien B a c d a t quan he b u o n b a n vdri 27 nifdrc + Giao thong van tai dutfc chu trong, khoi phuc gan 700 k m difcmg sat, sufa chfla va lam mdri hang nghin kilomet difcmg to, xay diftig va md rong them mot so cang nhiT Hai Phbng, Cam Pha, Ben Thuy; dildng hang khong dan dung quoc te difoc khai thong + Van hoa giao due difoc day manh Nen giao due difoe phat trien theo hi/dtig xa hoi chu nghla He thong giao due thong theo chuong trinh 10 nam da difoc khang dinh, giao due dai hoe dUOe chu y phat trien + He thong y te cham soc sure koe cho nhan dan difoe Nha nifde quan tam xay difng Nep song lanh manh, giOr gin ve sinh van dong thifc diWe hien d kh^p moi ncfi - Trong giai doan nay, ehinh quyen va quSn doi difac cung eo, tang ci/cmg kha nang phong thu dat nifde, m d rong quan h e ngoai giao C a i tao q u a n s a n xuat, \i\ictc d a u p h a t t n e n Icitili te - v a n h o a (1958 - 1960) - Trong nam tiep theo (1958 - 1960), mien B^e lay cai tao xa hoi chu nghia lam tam: cai tao doi vdi cong nhiep, thu cong nghiep, thifcmg nghiep nho, cong thifcfng nghiep tif ban tif doanh, khau chinh la hcrp tac hoa nong nghiep - Thife hien chu tnfcfng tren, khdp ncfi soi noi phong trao thi dua xay diftig hop tac xa Cuoc vSn theo nguyen tdc tiT dpng hop tac xa nong nghiep dOtfc tien hanh nguyen, cung c6 loi va quan li dan chu; tifng btfdc dvta ngifcfi nong dan v a o lam an tap the di tif to doi cong len hop tac xa b a c thap, den b a c cao, ttf quy mo nho den quy mo Idn + Doi vdi tif san dan toe, cai tao bang phuong phap hoa binh, suf dung mat tich cifc e u a tii san dan toe, dtfa ho vao lam an tap the difdi hinh thiifc cong tif hop doanh + Doi vdi life lifcfng tieu thifcfng, ti§u chu, thg t h u cong, di«a vao difcfng lam an tap the cae hop tac xa thu cong nghiep, hop tac xa mua ban - Ket qua cai tao la da xoa bo eo b a n che ngi/di boc lot ngifdi, eo tac dung thuc day san xuat phat trien, nhat la dieu kien chien tranh, hap tac xa d a b a o d a m dcfi song vat chat, tinh than cho nhiJng ngifcfi di chien d a u , phuc vu chien d a u - Dong thcri vdi nhiem vu cai tao xa hoi c h u nghia, cong nghiep quoc doanh dtfoc lAi tien dau txi xay difng Ben nam 1960, naien Bac c6 172 xi nghiep Idn trung Uomg quan li, tren 500 xi nghiep d i a phi«mg quan 11 93 |mj MIEN NAM DAU TRANH CHONG CHE DO Ml - DIEM, GlQ GJN VA PHAT TOEN Life Ll/ONG CACH MANG TIEN Tdl "DONG KHdl" (1954 - 196Q) D a u t r a n h choing che dp M i - D i ^ m , gifi v a phat t r i e n l\ic Itfotag e a c h m a n g (1954 - 1959) - Sau nam 1954, each mang mien Nam chuyen tii dau t r a n h vu trang sang dau tranh chinh t r i chong M l - Diem, doi t h i hanh Hiep dinh Gictoevo, bao ve hoa binh, gia ^ n va phat t r i e n Itfc Itfcfng each mang - Md dau la "Phong trao hod binh" cua t r i thuTc va cua tang l(Jp nhan dan Sai Gon - Cho Ldn thang 8-1954 - M l - Diem tien hanh khung bo, dan ap, liing bat c^c r h a lanh dao phong trao NhiAig phong trao dau tranh v i muc tieu hoa b i n h cua cac tang Idp nhan dan tiep tuc dang cao, Ian rong, loi cuoh hang trieu ngtfdi tham gia, gom tat ca cac tang Idp nhan dan, cac dang phai, cac dan toe it ngUto—hinh nen m a t t r a n cho'ng M l -Diem P h o n g t r a o D o n g khoTT' (1959 - 1960) I * Nguyen nhan biiiig no: - Trong nhOlag nam 1957 - 1959, each mang mien Nam gap muon van kho khan Ngo Dinh D i e m ban hanh dao luat dat cong san ngoai vong phap luat, de r a Luat 10/59 (thang - 1959) cho phep tay sai Diem thang tay giet hai bat cd ngucrt yeu nii(3c nao hoac bat cuf c6 bieu hien cho'ng lai chung, lam cho hang van can bo, dang vien bi gie't h a i , hang chuc van dong bao yeu nUdc bi tii day Cuoc dau t r a n h cua nhan dan ta d mien Nam doi hoi c6 mot bien phap quyet het de difa each mang vifcrt qua kho khanthuTthach - Thang 01 - 1959, H o i nghi Ian thif 15 Ban Chap hanh Trung iiang qujret dinh de nhan dan m i e n Nam stf dung bao life each mang danh di chinh quyen llfi - Diem, va nhan manh: ngoai dudng bao life each mang, nhan dan mi in Nam khong c6 difcfng nao khac - Dii»c quyet 15 cua Trung liang soi sang, phong trao ndi day til ch6 le te d tiKng dia phtfcfng Ian rong khap mien N a m t h a n h cao trao each mang, tieu bieu vdi cuoc "Dong khori" d Ben Tre * Dign bient - Cuoc uoi day d Vu\h Thanh (Binh Dinh), Bae Ai ( N i n h Thuan) thang 02 - 1959, d T r a Bong (Quang Ngai) thang - 1959, r o i Ian khap mien Nam cao trao each mang, tieu bieu vdri cuoc "Dong khdi" a Ben Tre 94 - N g a y - - 1960, cuoc " D o n g k h d i " n o r a d b a x a d i e m l a D i n h T h u y , B i n h K h a n h v a Phifdc H i e p t h u o c h u y e n M o C a y r o i n h a n h c h o n g l a n r a t o a n h u y e n M o Cay - H o a n h i p vdi cuoc "E)6ng k h d i " a B e n T r e , d e n giOfa n&m 1960 t r d d i , phong trao "Dong k h d i " l a n r a cac t i n h N a m B p , T a y N g u y e n v a T r u n g T r u n g Bo * K e t qua: - T a d a l a m c h u di/pc 0 x a d N a m B o , 0 t h o n d T r u n g T r u n g B o , 3200 t h o n d T a y Nguyen * Y nghia: - G i a n g m o t d n n a n g n e vao c h i n h s a c h thtfc d a n mdri cua M l , l a m l u n g l a y t a n goc c h i n h q u y e n t a y s a i N g o D i n h D i e m , d a n h dau bLfcrc n g o a t cua each m a n g m i e n N a m , c h u y e n each m a n g Hi t h e giuT g i n lUe l i / o n g s a n g t h e tie'n cong - T h a n g Icfi cua p h o n g t r a o " D o n g k h d i " d i n d e n sii r a d d i cua M a t t r a n d a n tpc g i a i p h o n g m i e n N a m V i e t N a m n g a y 20 - 12 - 1960 - C h a m dijft t h d i k i o n d i n h t a r n thcfi che tlure d a n mdri cua M i or m i e n N a m , md r a thcfi k i k h u n g h o a n g cua che S a i G o n ] v | MIEN B A C X A Y Dl/NG B J C J C DAU CCJ Sd VAT CHAT - KI THUAT CUA CHU NGHlAXA HOI (1961 - 1965) E ) a i h p i d a i b i e u t o a n q u o c l a n thuT I I I c u a D a n g ( t h a n g - 1960) * Hoan canh: - GiuTa lue each m a n g d h a i m i e n N a m - Bac eo nhCftig btfdc t i e n q u a n t r o n g D a n g L a o d o n g V i e t N a m t o chute D a i h o i d a i b i e u t o a n quoc l a n thi? n i - D a i h o i h o p tCr n g ^ y 05 d e n 10 - - 1960 d H a N o i * N o i dung Dai hoi: - D a i h o i de r a n h i e m v u chiein lUtfc cua each m a n g ca nifdc v a n h i e m v u cua each m a n g t i f n g m i e n ; c h i r o v i t r i , vai t r o cua each m a n g tifng" m i e n , m o i q u a n he g i a a each m a n g h a i m i e n - D a i h o i t h o n g qua Bao cao c h i n h t r i , B a o cao sufa chGTa d o i D i e u l e D a n g v a t h o n g qua k e h o a c h N h a nufdc n S m thuT n h a t ( - 1965) n h d m x a y d i f n g biidc dau ccf s d v a t c h a t - k i t h u a t cua c h u n g h I a x a h o i , t h u t h i e n m o t btfdc c o n g n g h i e p hoa x a h o i c h u n g h i a - D a i h o i b a u B a n C h a p h a n h T r u n g utrng m d i cua D a n g H o C h i M i n h duoc b a u l a m C h u t i c h D a n g , L e D u i n gicr chute B i thiT thuf n h a t cua D a n g 95 M i e n B S c t h i f c h i $ n k e h o a c h N h a ntfdfc n a m (1961 - 1965) - N h i e m v u ccf b a n c u a ke hoach n a m l a r a sure phdt t r i e n cong nghiep nong nghiep, tiep tuc cong cupc cai tao x a h o i chu n ^ i l a , cung CO v a t a n g cifcfng t h a n h p h a n k i n h te quoc doanh, cai t h i e n mot biJfe dsn song v a t c h a t v a v a n hoa cua n h a n d a n lao dong, cung co quoc phdng, t a n g cifcfng t r a t t\i v a a n n i n h x a hoi - T r o n g k i n h te, n g a n h cong nghiep di/oc ifti tien dau Ul xay dijng - T r o n g nong nghiep, sau k h i di*a dai bo p h a n nong d a n vao cac hop tac x a nong nghiep, tCf n a m 1961, cac d i a phutfng thiJc h i e n chu tnfong xay difng hap tac x a s a n xuat nong nghiep bac cao - ThiTcmg nghiep quoc doanh difgc N h a mSdc lAi t i e n ph^t t r i e n n e n d a c h i e m l l n h t h i tni&ng, gop p h a n p t t r i e n k i n h te C u n g c d quan h e s a n xuat m(5i, on d i n h v a cai t h i e n ddi song n h a n dan - thong giao thong diXdng bo, dii&ng s a t , difcfng l i e n t i n h , l i e n huyen, di/cfng song, di/cmg h a n g khong diWc cung co V i e c d i l a i nxidc v a giao thong quoic te thuan Igi hon - H e thong giao due tif thong den d a i hoc phat t r i e n m a n h - H e thong y te, c h a m lo sure khoe diii^c dau tif phat t r i e n NhiDog loai dich be n h d m i e n B a c co b a n diTcfc xoa bo N h i l n g t h a n h tdu dat di/oc viec thiic h i e n k e hoach n d m d a l a m t h a y d5i bo m a t m i e n B a c V] MIEN NAM CHIEN DAU CHONG CHIEN Ll/dC "CHIEN TRANH DAC BIET' CUA DE QUOC Ml (1961 - 1965) C h i e n IvCdc " C h i e n t r a n h d a c b i $ t " c u a d e q u o c M i d m i e n Nam * C h i e n t r a n h dac biet: - TCr n a m 1961 d e n n a m 1965, M i thifc h i e n c h i e n lUtfc " C h i e n t r a n h dac biet" d m i e n N a m - " C h i e n t r a n h dac biet" l a h i n h thufc c h i e n t r a n h x a m luoc t h * d S n mdi, duoc t i e n h a n h b a n g quan doi tay s a i , di/di sif c h i h u y cua h e thfflig "co v a n " M i , difa vao v u k h i , t r a ng h i k i thuat, phiAmg t i e n c h i e n t r a n h cua M l n h a m chong l a i cac life liftmg each m a n g v a n h a n d a n ta * A m mifti cua M i : - A m miiU co b a n cua " C h i e n t r a n h dac biet" l a "dung ngifcri V i e t d a n h ngLfcri V i e t " - M i de r a " k e hoach X t a l a y - T a y l o " vdi noi dung chu yeii l a h i n h d i n h m i e n N a m v o n g 18 thang 96 - Thac hien ke' hoach M i t a n g ciicmg vien tro quan sif cho Diem, tang nhanh life lifcmg quan doi Sai Gbn, t i e n hanh don dan lap "ap chien liicfc", sijf dung bien cac chien thuat mdi "true thdng van", "thiet xa van" - Vien trcr quan sii cua Mi tSng gap doi Bo chi huy quan sir M i (MACV) ducfc t h a n h lap t a i Sai Gon 08 - 02 - 1962 + "Ap chien iMc" difoc xem nhif "XiAmg song" cua "Chien t r a n h dac biet" va nang len t h a n h "quoc sach" Chiing coi viec lap: Ap chien \Mc" nhif mot cuoc chien t r a n h tong lift; nhSm day Itfc li/cfng each mang khoi cac ap, t^ch dan khoi each mang, tien t