THAI NGUYEN UNIVERSITY NGO THI CAM LINH THE IMPACT OF URBANIZATION ON EMPLOYMENT OF FARMERS IN VINH PHUC PROVINCE Speciality: Agricultural Economics Code No.: 62 62 01 15 Ph.d THESI
Trang 1THAI NGUYEN UNIVERSITY
NGO THI CAM LINH
THE IMPACT OF URBANIZATION
ON EMPLOYMENT OF FARMERS
IN VINH PHUC PROVINCE
Speciality: Agricultural Economics Code No.: 62 62 01 15
Ph.d THESIS SUMMARY OF AGRICULTURE
THAI NGUYEN - 2014
Trang 2COLLEGE OF ECONOMICS & BUSINESS
ADMINISTRATION, THAI NGUYEN UNIVERSITY
Scientific supervisors: 1 Assoc Prof Tran Chi Thien PhD
2 Assoc Prof Do Anh Tai PhD
The peer review 1:
The peer review 2:
The peer review 3:
The thesis is prevented to the Council held in Thai Nguyen University
at the , , 2014
Desertation can be found at:
- National Library
- Learning Resource Center - Thai Nguyen University
- Library of College of Economics & Business Administration
Trang 3TO THE DOTORAL THESIS
1 Ngo Thi Cam Linh (2009), "Which model is most suitable for the development of the current Agricultural Co -operative in Vinh
Phuc province", Journal of Forest and Livelihood, volumn 21,
3 Ngo Thi Cam Linh (2011), "The effect of urbanization on
farmers in Binh Xuyen District - Vinh Phuc province", Journal
of Economics and Development, page 60, 6-2011 National
Economics University Press
4 Ngo Thi Cam Linh (2012), "Vinh Phuc - After 10 years of
executing industrialization - modernization process", Journal of
Science and Technology, page 69, 2-2012
Trang 4INTRODUCTION
1 Urgency of Research Topic
Vietnam is in the work of promoting national industrialization - modernization and international integration Industrialization and urbanization is the mainstream that strongly influences socio - economic life (socio-economic) in the territories of our country The process of urbanization is an inevitable trend of social development
On the one hand, the process of urbanization creates "growth poles" that have the broad spreading power to rural areas: the socio-economic changes, the shifts in economic structure, employment structure, the shift in the supply of materials, migration between regions On the other hand, urbanization has also left many corollaries on some socio-economic aspects such as: arising of social stinging problems, causing social instability, hindering sustainable development
Researching and proposing the basic solutions to better implement the work of country construction and development through the path
of urbanization is an inevitable and in accordance with objective rule, that is really the matter how to solve satisfactorily the employment and income problems of farmers in the current period Therefore, I choose the research topic: "The impact of urbanization on employment of farmers in Vinh Phuc province" as doctoral thesis This topic has profound theoretical as well as practical values for planning the socio-economic policies of Vinh Phuc Province in period of 2010 to 2020
Trang 52 Objectives of the Study
2.1 General Objective
Clarifying the impact of urbanization on employment of farmers
in Vinh Phuc province from which proposing solutions for farmers to access to employment in the context of urbanization
Trang 6+ Scope of time:
Research topic studied the impact of urbanization on employment
of farmers in Vinh Phuc province from 2005 to 2012 and recommend solutions to help farmers more convenient access to jobs in the period from now up to 2020
+ Scope of content
This research topic studies and develops further the theoretical and practical basis about employment and the impact of urbanization on employment of farmers This topic also clarifies the job changes of farmers in Vinh Phuc province due to the impact of urbanization, and from this basis, it proposes solutions to mitigate the negative impacts and promote the positive impact of urbanization on farmers' access to employment Vinh Phuc province under the impact of urbanization
Nguyen Thi Thom and Phi Thi Hang (2009), "To provide jobs for rural labor in the urbanization process."
Tran Thi Minh Ngoc (2010): "Employment of farmer in the process
of industrialization - modernization at Red River Delta up to 2020." Ngoc Thanh Nguyen - Nguyen Truong (2009), "Impact of urbanization - industrialization on economic development and cultural-social change
in Vinh Phuc province."
Trang 75 The novelty and contribution of this thesis
+ The novelty of this thesis
- Interpret and clarify the relationship between urbanization and employment of farmers in terms of theory and practice, from which affirm that the urban development process is always associated with rural development issues, including the employment of farmers
- This thesis points out the impact of urbanization on employment
of farmers in Vinh Phuc Province on both positive and negative sides It also explain the problems associated with urbanization, employment, and the question: urbanization is the driving force for job creation for farmers? Since then it answers the question how urbanization associated with jobs creation for farmers in this process
- This thesis provides scientific and practical basis for policy makers, managers to make the right decisions, in accordance with the reality, contributing to job creation in rural Vinh Phuc Province
+ The contribution for science as well as practice
- Clarify more the theory about the relationship between
urbanization and rural employment in the process of urbanization
- Propose solutions that associate urbanization and jobs creation for farmers in rural areas, contribute to solve harmoniously two goals: improving the lives of local people and implementing successfully the policy about industrialization - modernization of Vinh Phuc province as well as of the country
Core content of this thesis is to research the effects of urbanization on employment, from there that affects the standard of living, the income of the farmer households in the province since the
Trang 8establishment of industrial parks, factories, and enterprises in the area (the relationship between urbanization and employment of farmers)
- Provide solutions to the problem of employment in accordance with the specific objects via sustainable direction at localities based
on the implementation of rational economic restructuring, development of agricultural production towards adopting advanced science and technology to enhance productivity, quality and simultaneously develop service businesses, to fully exploit the advantages of urbanization process order to remove the basic difficulties, challenges of the process of urbanization that localities will encounter in the future
- The results of this research create the scientific basis with high practical that help managers, policy makers in the province have a thorough perspective on the issues of planning the economic-social development; planning the development of industrial zones, urban areas, employment policy, training policy
6 Structure of the Thesis
Besides the introduction, conclusion, appendices and references, thesis structure consists of 4 chapters:
Chapter 1 Scientific Basis about the impact of urbanization on employment of farmers
Chapter 2 Research Methodology
Chapter 3 The real situation of the impact of urbanization on employment of farmers in Vinh Phuc province
Chapter 4 Opinion, orientation and basic solutions to create jobs for farmers in the process of urbanization in Vinh Phuc province by 2020
Trang 9Chapter 1 SCIENTIFIC BASIS ABOUT THE IMPACT OF
URBANIZATION ON EMPLOYMENT OF FARMERS
1.1 Theoretical basis about urban, urbanization
1.1.1 The concept of urban, urbanization
1.1.1.1 Urban
1.1.1.2 Urbanization
1.1.2 Urbanization and employment issues for farmers
1.1.2.1 Urban and employment
1.1.2.2 Urbanization and employment issues
+ The positive impact
+ The negative impact
1.2 Theory about employment
1.2.1 Some basic concepts
1.2.1.1 Employment
1.2.1.2 Farmer
1.2.2 Job Creation
1.2.2.1 The nature of job creation
1.2.2.2 Factors that affect job creation
1.2.3 Sone theoretical models of job creation
1.2.3.1 Create jobs by choosing appropriate technologies, price incentive 1.2.3.2 Job creation by transfering labor between agriculture and industry 1.2.3.3 Job creation associated with the migration among rural - urban areas (Harris Todaro)
Trang 101.3 Effect of urbanization on employment of farmers
1.3.1 The positive impact
+ The process of urbanization creates many new job opportunities for farmers
+ Urbanization increases the chance of changing the job structure of farmers
+ Urbanization increases the opportunities for self-employment and job search in the direction of consistency with the capacity and capability of farmers
+ Urbanization increases unemployment in some fields, but also open up employment opportunities for some other fields for farmers
1.3.2 The nagative impact
- The population overload
- Imbalance in employment opportunity and employment among regions
- Increase the disparity in educational opportunities and training, human resource development among regions
- Reduce the agricultural land that leads to situation that farmers convert land usages and fall into unemployment
1.4 Factors affecting the employment of farmers in the process of urbanization
1.4.1 Factors belong to the employee
+ The population size
+ Quality of labor
+ Custom, tradition, habit
Trang 111.4.2 Factors belong to the employer
1.4.3 Factors belong to the state
+ Policies for human resource development
+ Developing policies for economic sector
+ Vocational training policy
+ Labor market and migration
+ Creating employment opportunities on the basis of policies to encourage, support directly about the knowledge and level of laborers + Development of science - technology
1.5 Experience of job creation in the process of urbanization
1.5.2.1 Experience of Bac Ninh Province
1.5.2.2 Experience of Hanoi Capital
1.5.3 Experience Lessons for Vinh Phuc
Researching experience in creating jobs for rural workers in urbanization process in some countries, provinces, Vĩnh Phục should note thế following lessons:
- Selection of urbanization development must comply with the principle of sustainable
Trang 12- Creating jobs must bases on the basis that ensures the harmonious and linking development between industrialization and urbanization of rural agriculture in every step of the process of urbanization
- Restore and develop traditional craft villages that have existed for thousands of years
- Strengthen vocational training for farmers to improve the quality
of human resources for rural labor
- Raising strong regulatory role of the State through the development of mechanisms and policies
Chapter 2 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
2.1 Approach method and analytical framework
2.1.1 Approach method to study the effects of urbanization on employment of farmers
Trang 132.1.3 Research Questions
This thesis focuses on answering the following questions
- Which theoretical and practical basis does the study about the effects of urbanization on employment of farmers base on?
- Whether or not is there the impact of urbanization on employment
2.2 Research Methodology
2.2.1 Site selection method
Vinh Phuc province is in the Northern key economic region with
9 administrative units including: Vinh Yen City, Phuc Yen town, and
7 districts: Binh Xuyen, Lap Thach, Song Lo, Tam Duong, Tam Dao, Vinh Tuong, Yen Lac
However, in order to highlight the impact of urbanization on employment of farmers, in this thesis, author focused on studying and surveying at Binh Xuyen district In Binh Xuyen district, the author selected 3 out of 13 communes and town, which are the regions where the level of impact of the urbanization process is different based on the strategy for socio-economic development of the province of Vinh Phuc through specific phases Specifically, the following communes: Ba Hien commune, Son Loi Commune, Thanh Lang were selected
Trang 142.2.2 Methods of data collection
+ Secondary data collection
+ Primary data collection
2.2.3 Synthetic Method
2.2.4 Methods of statistical analysis
2.2.4.1 Descriptive Statistical Methods
2.2.4.2 Comparative Method
2.2.4.3 Disaggregation method
2.2.4.4 The method of Cobb - Douglas function
2.2.5 SWOT Method
2.2.6 Methods of assessing urbanization via multi-criteria method
To be consistent with the characteristics and situation of the surveyed areas as well as the requirements set out in the study, the author has made some certain adjustments and supplements, changes: selecting 3 criterias used in group 1: assessing the economic and social development and adapting and supplementing 3 criteria into 11 indicators consistent with the content of the thesis
2.2.7 Labor supply - demand forecasting method
2.3 Research Indicator System
+ Indicator System for Assessing Urbanization
- Level of Urbanization
- The Speed of Urbanization
+ Indicator System for Assessing Employment
- Percentage of employed labor in comparison with the labor force
- The percentage of labor without a job (unemployed)
- The percentage of labor with irregular employment
- Average income per person /month
- Percentage of farmer find new job
Trang 15Chapter 3 THE REAL SITUATION OF THE IMPACT OF
URBANIZATION ON EMPLOYMENT OF FARMERS IN
VINH PHUC PROVINCE
3.1 Characteristics of natural, socio-economic condition
3.2.1.4 Evaluation via Criteria
Thus, if the analysis of urbanization and level of urbanization of the Binh Xuyen district showed that the level of urbanization of this district in the period of 2000-2005 was slow (in 2000, 2005, the level was 59.5, 65 points - the average level of urbanization) and the level
of urbanization started the breakthrough from after 2005, when the industrial parks were put into operation that entailed urbanization level reaches 79 points (level of urbanization)
3.2.2 Analyzing urbanization via the criteria of non-agricultural land and urban labor (uni-criteria method)
The level of urbanization increased from 12.5% in 2005 to 31.18% in 2012 If assess according to the urban population and the urbanization rate is 26.73% and 30.12% respectively If assess based
on the area of land, and the urbanization rate is 26.25% and 51.4%