Phần 9 KHÓA ĐÀO TẠO TÍNH TOÁN ỔN ĐỊNH VÀ ỨNG DỤNG TRÊN PHẦN MỀM PSSE CHO KỸ SƯ HỆ THỐNG ĐIỆN (Thực hành lập file mô phỏng và tính toán ổn định trên Phần mềm PSSE)

Thực hành lập file mô phỏng và tính toán ổn định trên Phần mềm PSSE.NỘI DUNG CHÍNH PHẦN 9 (Dynamic Simulation Principles): 1. Dynamics Model Raw Data File. 2. Generator Models. 3. Model Verification. 4. Model Verification.

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A Division of Global Power

POWER SYSTEM STABILITY CALCULATION TRAINING

D 4 D i Si l ti P i i l P t 3 Day 4 - Dynamic Simulation Principles Part 3

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OUTLINE OUTLINE

• Dynamic File

• Model Verification

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DYNAMIC FILE

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Dynamics Model Raw Data File y

Contents

 Description of DYR file:

 A group of logical records that defined the

location of a dynamic equipment model (by bus, machine, load, dc line…)

 Name of the model used

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Contents

 Notes regarding the writing of the DYR

file:

 Each record must have the model name

enclosed in single quotes and must be terminated by a slash (/)

 A record may occupy more than one line in the

file

 Text file can be used to write the DYR file

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Contents

 Activity DYRE:

1 Assigns storage locations for each model

each model in the CON and/or ICON arrays

3 Builds the model connection table arrays for

plant-related, load-related, line relay, FACTS device, DC line and switched shunt models

4 Builds CONEC and CONET subroutines

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Contents

 Dynamic models classified in 3

categories

in power flow (models of generators, loads …)

Only one device model per equipment

2 Protection models and models attached to power

flow: more than one model can be attached to an equipment but not of the same type

3 Miscellaneous model: unattached that may or

may not be associated to an equipment Several models can be associated to one equipment

models can be associated to one equipment (under/over voltage/frequency generator relays)

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Contents

 General format for categories 1 and 2

 BUSID: bus number or name DC line name or

 BUSID: bus number or name, DC line name or

FACTS device name (in single quotes), area, zone, owner or zero

 ‘model name’: name of the model, limited to

sixteen characters and must be enclosed in

 Data list: Constant parameters associated with

the model Must be specified in the order in

which constants are listed on the data sheets

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Contents

 Models associated with plants wind

 Models associated with plants, wind

machines and induction machines

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Generator Models

 GENCLS: Classical generator model

 GENROU: Round rotor generator model

 GENSAL: Salient pole generator model eBook for You

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Classical Generator Model (GENCLS)

 Simplest generator model

 Used for system equivalents or for

infinite bus

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Classical Generator Model (GENCLS)

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Round Rotor Generator (GENROU)

 Represent solid rotor generators at the

subtransient level

 Used mainly for thermal machines

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Salient Pole Generator Model

(GENSAL)

 Represent salient pole generators at the

subtransient level

 Used mainly for hydro machines

 Typical time step: ½ cycle at 50 Hz (0.01

sec)

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(GENSAL)

CONs to be

inserted by

user

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Exciter Models

 Simplified model (SEXS)

 Type DC – Direct current commutater

exciters (IEEEX1)

 Type AC – Alternator-supplied rectifier

 Type ST – Static excitation systems

(EXST1)

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Simplified Excitation System (SEXS)

 Useful when detailed design of exciter is

not known

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IEEE Type 1 Excitation System yp y

(IEEEX1)

 Widely used to represent systems with dc

exciters

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IEEE Type AC1 Excitation System yp y

(EXAC1)

 Emulates a field-controlled alternator

 Emulates a field controlled alternator

rectifier excitation system

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IEEE Type ST1 Excitation System yp y

(EXST1)

 Potential source controlled

rectifier- Potential source controlled rectifier

exciter excitation system

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Governor Models

 General model (IEEEG1)

 Gas turbine (GAST)

 Steam turbine (TGOV1)

 Hydro turbine (HYGOV)

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IEEE Type 1 Speed-Governing Model yp p g

(IEEEG1)

 IEEE recommended general model for

steam turbine and can approximate the

behavior of hydro turbine

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Gas Turbine Governor Model (GAST)

 Principal characteristics of industrial gas

turbines

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Steam Turbine Governor Model

(TGOV1)

 Simple model for a steam turbine

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Hydro Turbine Governor Model y

(HYGOV)

 Straightforward hydro electric plant

governor

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Static Var Compensator

 Generator model (CSVGN1)

 Switched shunt model (CSSCS1)

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Generator Representation in Power p

Flow

1 The bus at which the SVC is connected

must be type 2 or 3 and must have a

generator

2 The generator MBASE value must equal

element of the SVC

3 Step-up transformer must not be used

4 ZSORCE must be very large (0 + j999)

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Generator Representation in Power p

Flow

5 The Var limits must reflect:

a The effective admittance of the controlled

reactance

b The admittance of any shunt capacitors

c The nature of any current and/or MVA limits

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Static Shunt Capacitor (CSVGN1)

 SCR and connected capacitors

 Size of reactors defined by MBASE

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Switched Shunt Representation in p

Power Flow

1 The switched shunt control mode should

be continuous (MODSW = 2)

2 All steps and blocks are assumed to be

controlled by the PSS®E dynamic model

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SVC for Switched Shunt (CSSCST)

 Same characteristics as CSVGN1

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Example: Simple System

 Load BPL.sav

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Models Used for Dynamic File

 Generator at bus 201

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 Generator at bus 201

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 Exciter at bus 201

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 Exciter at bus 201

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 Governor at bus 201

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 Governor at bus 201

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 Generator at bus 100 (x3)

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 Generator at bus 100 (x3)

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 Exciter at bus 100 (x3)

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 Exciter at bus 100 (x3)

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 Governor at bus 100 (x3)

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 Governor at bus 100 (x3)

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DYR File

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MODEL VERIFICATION eBook for You

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Gross Parameter Errors (DOCU)

 Activity DOCU with data checking

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Data Checking

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Parameter Ranges (Section 25.5 of g (

PAGV2)

 GENROU

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 SCRX

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 SEXS

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 TGOV1

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Initialization Errors (STRT)

 Load converted file “BPL_CONV.sav”

 This file will be explained in Example 1

 Activity STRT will show initialization

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 Load converted file “BPL_CONV.sav”

 This file will be explained in Example 1

 Activity STRT will show initialization

errors that will affect the dynamic study

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Initialization Errors (STRT) creating errorsInitialization Errors (STRT)

Generators

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 GENROU at bus 201

Change X”D to 0.2 p.u to match ZSORCE

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 TGOV1 at bus 201

MBASE = 10 MVA

PMAX = VMAX x MBASE

PMIN = VMIN x MBASE

PMAX = 13 MW

PMIN = 10 MW

Pinit < PMIN

Change PMIN to 0.3 p.u.

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 Run STRT again after modifications to

DYR file

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PERFORMANCE

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Machine V Curves

Machine V-Curves

 Run V Curves (VCV) program

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 GENROU, GENDCO, GENSAL and GENTRA

assume the saturation curve to be quadratic

 Enter 1 for quadratic

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 Enter saturation values of S(1.0) and

S(1.2) according to DYR file

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 Enter 1 to plot V curves

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 Enter 29 for temporary plotting

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 Repeat for generator at bus 201

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Exciter Response Ratio Test

 Response ratio tests should be run for a

least 1 sec (2 sec for old exciters)

 SCR bridge type exciters will generally

exhibit very high response ratios

because of their ability to reach ceiling

output practically instantaneously

 Load converted file and dynamic file

 Click on Dynamic > Simulation > Perform

exciter response ratio simulation

(ESTR/ERUN)

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1 Specify bus number: 201 (if not specified all

machine buses are selected)

2 Specify default power factor: 0.95 (user can p y p (

specify those machines initialized at different

power factor

3 Create a channel output file: BPL_ERRT.out

4 Click on Initialize: this activity overrides the

initial generator loadings and initialize each unit

to rated MVA at a specified power factor

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seconds

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 Plot of field voltage (EFDmax = 3 p.u.) g ( )

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 Create a new DYR file with IEEEX1 at bus

201 and call it BPL_DYR_NEW.dyr

 Add this DYR file without replacing the p g

old DYR file

 Response ratio and EFDrated given at 0.5

seconds

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 Plot of field voltage (EFDmax = 2.8 p.u.) g ( )

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Exciter Open Circuit Step Response p p p

Test

 Step change of 5% applied to the voltage

regulator reference

 Resulting responses of field voltage and

generator terminal voltage observed

 Step change should not exceed 10%

 Well damped with a slight overshoot

 Simulation should be run for at least 5

seconds

 A final value of EFD exceeding 1.3 p.u for

a 1 05 p u terminal voltage indicates

a 1.05 p.u terminal voltage indicates

suspect generation saturation data

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Test

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Test

2 S if VREF t h ( )

2 Specify VREF step change (pu)

3 Create a channel output file: BPL_EXC.out

4 Click on Initialize: this activity initializes each

generator to unity terminal voltage on open

circuit An initial value of EFD exceeding 1.2 p.u

is a fair indication that the saturation curve

specified of the generator is erroneous

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Step 2

Step 3 p Step 4 EFD is greater

than 1.02 pu.

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5 Run to 0 seconds

7 Open output file

8 Plot EFD and Vterm

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 EFD Plot

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 Eterm Plot

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 EFD Plot (TB = 10s)

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 Eterm Plot (TB = 10s)

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Governor Response Test

 Response of the governors to a step

 Simulation should be at least 5 seconds

for steam turbine and 15 seconds for gas

and hydro units

 All units should have well damped

response

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2 Specify initial loading: 0.8 p y g

3 Create a channel output file: BPL_GOV.out

4 Click on Initialize: this activity overrides the

initial generator loading and initialize the unit to

specified loading

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7 Open output file

8 Plot speed deviation and Pmec

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 Speed deviation

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 Pmec Plot

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 Speed deviation (Tr = 3s)

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 Pmec Plot (Tr = 3s)

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QUESTIONS?

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