BÀI GIẢNG 3: LOGISTICS QUẢN LÝ ppsx

GLOBAL LOGISTIC MANAGEMENT GLOBAL LOGISTIC MANAGEMENT LECTURE 3: INVENTORY MANAGEMENT Agenda Agenda  1 What is Inventory Management 1 What is Inventory Management  2 Two forms of Demand 2 Two forms of Demand  3 Inventory and Supply Chain Management 3 Inventory and Supply Chain Management  4 Inventory and Quality Management 4 Inventory and Quality Management  5 Inventory Control system 5 Inventory Control system  6 Economic Order Quantity (EOQ) 6 Economic Order Quantity (EOQ) Models Models Agenda Agenda 7 Production Quantity Model 7 Production Quantity Model 8 Quantity Discounts 8 Quantity Discounts 9 Reorder Point 9 Reorder Point 10 Safety Stocks 10 Safety Stocks 1 What is Inventory management ? 1 What is Inventory management ?  Inventory management is the process of Inventory management is the process of trading off the level of inventory held to trading off the level of inventory held to achieve high customer service levels with achieve high customer service levels with the cost of holding inventory, including the cost of holding inventory, including capital tied up in inventory, variable capital tied up in inventory, variable storage costs and obsolescence. storage costs and obsolescence.  The purpose of Inventory Management: The purpose of Inventory Management: ◦ how many units to order ◦ when to order 2 Two forms of Demand 2 Two forms of Demand  Dependent Dependent ◦ Demand for items used to produce final Demand for items used to produce final products products ◦ Tires stored at a Goodyear plant are an example of a dependent demand item  Independent Independent ◦ Demand for items used by external Demand for items used by external customers customers ◦ Cars, appliances, computers, and houses are examples of independent demand inventory 3 Inventory and Supply Chain Management 3 Inventory and Supply Chain Management  Bullwhip effect Bullwhip effect ◦ demand information is distorted as it moves away from the end-use customer ◦ higher safety stock inventories to are stored to compensate  Seasonal or cyclical demand Seasonal or cyclical demand  Inventory provides independence from Inventory provides independence from vendors vendors  Take advantage of price discounts Take advantage of price discounts  Inventory provides independence between Inventory provides independence between stages and avoids work stop-pages stages and avoids work stop-pages 4 Inventory and Quality Management 4 Inventory and Quality Management  Customers usually perceive quality Customers usually perceive quality service as availability of goods they want service as availability of goods they want when they want them when they want them  Inventory must be sufficient to provide Inventory must be sufficient to provide high-quality customer service in Total high-quality customer service in Total Quality Management (TQM) Quality Management (TQM) 5 Inventory Control System 5 Inventory Control System  Continuous system (fixed-order-quantity) Continuous system (fixed-order-quantity) ◦ constant amount ordered when constant amount ordered when inventory declines to predetermined inventory declines to predetermined level level  Periodic system (fixed-time-period) Periodic system (fixed-time-period) ◦ order placed for variable amount order placed for variable amount after fixed passage of time after fixed passage of time 6 Economic Order Quantity (EOQ) 6 Economic Order Quantity (EOQ) Models Models  EOQ EOQ ◦ optimal order quantity that will minimize total inventory costs  Basic EOQ model Basic EOQ model  Production quantity model Production quantity model Assumptions of EOQ Model: Assumptions of EOQ Model:  Demand is known with certainty and is constant Demand is known with certainty and is constant over time over time  No shortages are allowed No shortages are allowed  Lead time for the receipt of orders is constant Lead time for the receipt of orders is constant  Order quantity is received all at once Order quantity is received all at once Order Inventory Cycle Order Inventory Cycle Demand Demand rate rate Time Time Lead Lead time time Lead Lead time time Order Order placed placed Order Order placed placed Order Order receipt receipt Order Order receipt receipt Inventory Level Inventory Level Reorder point, Reorder point, R R Order quantity, Order quantity, Q Q 0 0 . GLOBAL LOGISTIC MANAGEMENT GLOBAL LOGISTIC MANAGEMENT LECTURE 3: INVENTORY MANAGEMENT Agenda Agenda  1 What is Inventory Management 1 What is Inventory Management  2