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Ar^lDx ltr[ uJ ss.r)ns Jrnp!,{!pu! ol ,{ari eql .uoDtzJp.resaS rrcJIm rjl or $unoun tuaurotxts sIuT .sqduSurd ,(poq aarq] s.ltdllltrrr uoDlnportrJ! aqt Jo JapurBuar )ql lrqr llrspard qsldulorrr ot rnoqE s! ratEt tsat oqt trql rrpBrr )tp lruoJ'I_tl ^rolrq sr)u5tuas ord_1 tsJU aql .saldulrxalotunoJ Bulpl^ord pul uoDdJ)xa Jo slar! tno Aq^Jr) lq rueur:ros aq1 AJITE1b ol rJrlt lsrl aql <Jlr^lJr tuJuralrjs aql (".lsntx_ pro,r,{JI eq1 aJnoN).rsrJ.s.rJ)IEJds Jqt sJtE)sJr^o .)uo sJ1p .nurutJ)[].5ns(l ly^_c pux 3xc luirul ,{1 1 .s!Jl eqt BuDJoddns m alor o^lttrx ue sounssr tu)urul)^o8 urq^t aruJJE tEqr ngrueq lDrrJos lrqto prrt JJrrJouotre u.rEurf, slooF!^o Jetr)ds lql ,Jr^!aoH _spoqtlu, prrt sr Dour str ot truro) tr ueq,aa ,{il]lo,rtsrut lla{lur tou sl luaruulf,^og lrql p(r' p:cu rrrumq pru-cdrp'tmJ r ro'u s1 ue rr$ s]sEq aqr uo JaI[ads - - ?qr qrl,{ : 3! ol Smtdurit .q rr{3r@ lI .rlqzrJTrsnlun si ssD aql loddns or srJmog Jtqnd iursn rrqr si E,rElJ JEpurssa s.JaTrads f,qJ :(Drlt.3otJe sqdl:JgBJsd,{poq JnoJ) "fslapos.Dqto" pur .rrurouoJ :gg"rrrq Jo.suos oar Jo qrBr roJ qdr_€ursd rtrrxdes x lq pr,.doJloJ luf,ur).r8r JoJ suosE5J o,[] Jo qf,!. JoJ qd['rSlJzd arurd:s r s"lrclpt; uoprnponu_i arLL .luaursrEs erp qtln,! 3 8!qp .!f,u[Il:q uo .nr,r Jall:r rs.r ee 'srsiJluB JruU aql tn:xrIl srsa38ns,. . .taJ8r ot BuDdurrr "q tq8ruJ rJl)":.sErqd fz)uotrq-r .rLL .?nse srql uo saarr:ads:ed BuualJrp sezru8o).r r)Txr rs.r rq) r[ql aorDl .rrpr.r !qr n:l uorltrnpor]ul 3ul^rolloj.rll sls,tlerry.! qs,(fuv ^vss3 lnsst 9NtdoSs-H9lH v 3sodt403 0l MoH slsdIBrw oePcnds on rhc q,p( of leadcrship invotvcd. \\;t|ilc lcgjrimarc polirical Ic.rdership mus!. bl, mr dcfinnion, scne rhc crtlzcnrl,. thc same cannot be sxid for cirhcr business or milicr^, lcndrrship. 1. cRE Essay No. 4 Thc frs! rirc o"o*,"on, ,u" n"t"t'phs coDcem ont poinl of vics" *'hitc thc final reo on Darance.) Lm lo thc opPosing v'es (Thc essit favors rh€ lilrer r,ieq, p 1: poinr p 2: Examplc p 3: E\ample p 4: Cou: " ,- aountttPott (ont o"rnPl"1 ntcrpoinr (n second cxample) 2. GRX Essay No. 21 The firsr reo prJ?gmptrs discuss rhc essayt main poinr (rcuon ln suppon ofrl]e cssay,s position), wbilc rhc third and fouiir,-fu.rgc]pn" "r.t O,r"ur. ,notier, distinfi poinr p 1: poinr I p 2: poin! I (conrinued) p 3: po,nt 2 . p 4: poirt 3 ,. GRI Essay No. 39 Thc firsr para*r"ph lckrowredSe r con*ry posidon, rhen rebuts ir, whire the rcrnarfurg prnSraphs provide exrmples in suppon of dr€ .cburul. p l: poirt _+ couoterpoinr p 2: E)ilJnptc (ln suppon oI counrcrDoinL) p 3 Ex.6pte (in suppofl of counrcrpoinr) i^ cRE Essay No. 55 The firsr tbree panli.aphs concem one poinr of vi€w, while rhe nnat two : pTClphs rxm ro the opposillg vjcw. Crhe essa),f:rvo" Ur. ""*,.*, 'on balance.) Rrcoolrzl.rc AN EssAy,s Snucrune (8. Exrncrsrs) P 1: Poinr (one vicw) P 2: Counrcrpoiir P 3: Rcbunal P 4: Poin.(opposirg vieE ) P 5: Counreipoin( r Rebunat ,Wtr ds( .st Lt lor tbe GRE /G,VAT .Iestr C utor'ttoea,ad oi ot l, :rqt.^[q r,uop a^r :/i]Iss)Jau JruiouoJ) Jo ujocl sr l' J.qr.I sl^l:sln{) >Lrlt)n ptnn^\ i^\ ^\orl ol $ crturr:.r)rd:ru) rno <:rl)q uot)r:dn)),t uo snroJ srqr 'uoturdo ^L! ul rr^ "i3ul^tl x ral op no^ op lrtl^\- sr llqEux^u! rsorulx oolls.nb llDru! .qr 'srtrrur.sr:ld Flllut puo,itq 'aurlt tsJU rqr roj lcaul sllnpx o^rl u:qa aldurxxt loj uolleonJJo J!5qr lq.rour pu! suollclJlljt lxrJos rraqr iq ssel s.^l.surt$ auLtap or iiSidr lqtlul-,.i:qr 'r1rox 1o srnrrrqrsuodsri .rlr uo r)irr sllnpx sv r(rrdulEx: ux pur uosxar r qlr^\ 'q[3[) r] stlrytr uaql '(!lduJEx) uI: pue uost-Jl x qlird) luauErrls rql or oJ!,uas dI s,{rd rsg:suodsl 3q,$onoJ Jql - stsat Jvhltn a.( /o.l s !?ts SuttP)t . t.uouq sIsdIErrV (s3st)urxi g) eNurdl rD[ lvN 'o1r,1 {ussg gg'1419 r (rr4odDruno) pur rurod seJuBlcq) uoFlsod :€ d tulod:eruno3 :z d rljlod :l d :uoJlrsod paJwTEq arour 'oF,pnu I slseSSns qddSx.Ed JEug gql uolrlsod.ural]Jia fuajluotr IF slrrtrIpq qdrJSlJEd puoJrs orF rlqra 'ansq aql uo uoprsod .ursjl;|? auo s)rx)lpq qdfJSlJDd lsJrJ aql 0II 'oN {essg lvwg twodrrtuno] :Z d rurod :I d ( uoDrsod rrltq eqt sro^irJ ,{.ss. .qf) .prs raqtorr! s.p!^ord'qd!$ -tjrrd puoJrs 5ql aLnJ^\'tns$ eqr Jo rpls auo sluJserd qdE8sJrd tsJIJ ardl 08 ;rlnqeX +- rqo&:tuno1 :7 6 rIIOd:l d :rl or spuodsrr ulql .lu5lsn3ft ftrlluot z slSpal,laotDJ)e qdrJSxJxd puof,rs 5rp :,{rrss3 .ql uI uJ{rr uonlsod cr{l JoJ uos-dal J:Jv) rqt srrxJrpu qdEraeJEd rsrJ a$I e9 'oN ,llrssn I\/l,{g (pf,nuFuor) tqofulrljno) :€ d lr4odrcruno) :z d tqod :l d :Df,dsaj lrq)oux t4 luatualgrs Dqr qrla s3aJ€i1s|p Jr{el rsrt JiTr 'sqdErSrrd oa] Jf,rgo aql rI :lJeds.r 3uo tn lururf,lxls.rp rFra sreJSr ralu rsrt aqr 'qdr-€l,Jrd rs.'g f,qr ul 0Z .oN ,{€ssg trV!^19 i AVSSS !nSSr 9Nluof,s-HelH V lsodl OO 01/vlOH 2. lnal}'sis Icjsurc rint( or finnnci:rl indcpcndcnc( to conccm (^trsclvcs wi(h purcly soci:rl ,rcrjvhics. ficr aU. wben oktcr pcoptc rcrirc frbm rhc world of work. rrr"ir rnr.Jrc,rc-r"ncr_ror rdcnrih,in,r wirh socixl Aroups (bndF( clubs rnlcsrn)cnr ct(rbs. (,r counrn ctub\)_sccms ro Thc followir8 respons€ firsr acknovtedAes thar dre starcmcnr js Eenc.alh. conecr. Tltcn, mrher (hrn refulrng rh(,rrcjuuble, rt,.,."run no,nr. ou, ,n impon:rnt e:rccfrion (and m iltusrrJriv( c)irmntcf dmitlcdlt, in a damocraq citizens musr qucsrron rhc l mess lnd rclcvancc of.curcni laws. l! is not enough for a handful of lcSislarors ro challenge l}te satus quo; ultimarcb,, ir is up to thc elecronle at large ro call for changcs io rhe l:rw whcn rhev are necdcd ro reftect cvolvinS social values. Howevlr, whcn rn rs rcsisrirce ro govcmmcn- tal aurtro.try cscatares r6iiili p.or€sr, me eod resutr is ofren morc harm than good to d1e sociery. despite rhc wonhiness of rhc social or polirical cauje. For insl-:lncc, xl rough ttre violent challenSe ro autho.iry during rhe 1992 Los ArSelcs riors q,as spar.ked by tesidfiare ourrige a8a$sr rice-relared polcc bflraliE),, rhc protesr ulrjmatell, rcsulrcd in a financialy crjppted communiry and, mo.c broadh,. a trming back of thc ctock wjih respect ro .acid rcnsions across . Amerjca. Was r}le communirl, and tl]e socier.l, bcrrer off in rhe cnd? Thc following rcsponse.circs.rwo reasons in suppon of thc steremcn!. lhen dispels t})em borh (the trst onc with a,eason, rllc second one b1. cxamplc): Thosc who agrce wjtb rhe svr.emcn!, especiajlJ, prrenG, e.ould a.sue tlrar only parenr cm !ruD, tnow rhe unique ,,e.as of ttrciiEiG] including whar educaional choices are bcs! suiled for rhem, and rhal parcnb arc more motEred dun anyonc else ro ensure rheir children thc bc$ pojsible educlrjon ln m).vreq,. borh rrFunrrn6 aic spt:- crous. Ar ror lne rLrsr onc, cirjce prcnrs leck borh rhc obiccurirv fl.rd spcciilizcd rfaining of profcssionat cducators, lcaying cruciat decisions abour curriculun ard pecta8ogl, ro p?rcnrs might in many sscs ,csult rn an ulcomptere cducarion. 4s fo. thc second onc,4rhough in a pcflecr wortd parcnrs would alwrys majic tlcir cNldrcn s cducfrion one of their highcst prjoriiics, in facr mny parenls do no!. tYdtirR SknL _[or tba CRE/G|\UT Tests . AJralysis rro)tr|)eaD4 nrint -tu)Lun:lrl: arD ]o "^\oUi pui )rruJruts :rrrr )r. n,'; dl)ll or sr(rurld lcruo)rrtr pur uor)r(rrdr n)urlrrprn ,n,1 ,rrnu,* ,, _ro 09 ur .sodrxor,itrsrr or qfnour-t.uq sr :uo qrl:3 .purrl ttr )nssj .Lp q]r^1 ruar!aJJSrslp llua^o s^sardx) q)ru,d.Jo liJx: ,sasuorlsrr atdujts o^tl aJr srrD lvssl lnssl uo.rn-nn3 rr{8tsur pur AJnur€u! 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Jo .slrpvo,{- p!fletr-os Jo sri!]s JlrEDorrrap tsrlrrrS s.ppo/d rqr ;o euou .n-dGr_ie ., 3 .ru.ur5^!Iqrx Jo sur.roJ 3ruos roJ sru.tpr.r3ur lr1lurss: f,ft uoJJr peuFlms r put fu_ruuEJd m;utr ii$EF55i6jl :salourtxa Burloddns s.lu5ruetcls aql )psltr aqt ol ")iJrq salqnop" lsuodssj .ql s5ldurzxaJrtnnoJ Suror^oJd Jaurg tzqt 3lrroN .5^rt:|3jl, llJllnJ,ru.Ed eq uxJ tErIt aJ!^ap EJpotJr.iJ ulslat ! gloldrso :suodsal Sur.ra.olloJ aql 'scas qgnor s,5j,irl el[B!^iu o] pfprau ssrdluo) pw rsEllrq .rTr qtoq s.pl^old ur:rsk rnfr^ paldrrssd D psr '{llll9!1no'tlr 03 pur rwoJ slrere) ur^a pur sqot.oldord:sour rol 'Itr J,UV -sJJJJrf, Jl)rp roJ stuaprus ojsd)Jd dJaq ,{llrruf,r sjorl:'np, 'nnats,G f,n[8^ Truoslad Jrvtq€noqt Jo ruaurdole^ap arlt Brr!.rruru Iq ',{lpuores 'llqrrdaJrr XfElour ro ,{JilJFni f,rr sJlos lsoqr it,-nurs:lt JO ssr5rr lrp lou lo r9qraq, prrnrq^\quo^\ ajx cliJJ 14 srfoS l; 'il l stsaJ Jwtl,/Jt nqt ,/ql s !4s drltu/)l I s.uosJrl v oNrsodwo. . sIsdIcEV sJsdlslrv 1 uordll.r Jo urop.c{ )!srq Jno BulrrlrrlJepun ISIJ plno^a Lql lo JrJleq ferul4ds ro troJSu rElntrurd ,(w Jo sgll:.nrf,sit rqt llrto^px tou ntnoqs s)3)tlor J!lqnd .5ldGi!-6J .uarsts onF^ rEuosr)d s.rurDnr. rJosrr)dsr urDar@ :(.lduJzxr u[ ,{q p5uoddns sl uosl.J puoJrs 3rIl) ,{nel]UfS lsrruelcts )rI qr!^. BuFar8eslp loJ suosxf,.l oal sapr^old u:ql 'ru)tu))rir Jo l(nod ao!EU r sa3prl,.dorry)r rsl]l :suod.)r Su,^rofloJ rrLL q)Iq^ 5q"rlJrrg:3lnrll dr?q rou op ITDJS pux )Bpllndoul 1crFnpol :ro: 'SJ -!6iE!-6ii-o.1 rirw5Ei-fr rpln Ip I 'rsl,lArsrlto AVSS3 30551 9NtUO3S-HetH V 3SOdy!03 0,t MoH PAR] i 1. Sample Response for Issue 1 (370 words) Imposin8 icgulalon. mcasur€s on thosc \4ro would hrrm thc narurat cn- vironmcn( is on( wrv ro prcscrv( it. | (tisxFrcc. h(Nclrf. thr( jr iS ncccs srrih rt)r b€rr wx!. Liws miahr clicil gnrdging complirncci but othcr rpproachcs-lhosc drar insdll a sensc ofgcnuinc comnrirmcnt-nrc Iilel\. ro l)e morc cffcctivc ir r.hc tonA (crnl. Admirredl!. mori\,arin8 environnrenrrt prorection b! s,:rl of Fovem- ment regulation vill seflc €nvironmcnral Foals up to :r poinr. Howcver, man) individurls ard busincsses will attcmpr lo xvoid comptiance b! concealing rheir acriviries. As for j3{ae businesscs in puriculat, som€ will lobb)' legishtors to modi4, regulatons or mov( opcririons to jurisdicrions lhar allow thcir environmentrlly hamful acrivitier. Others mighi catculare the rradc.olf berwc€n acccpting punishrnent and pollutin8,-!h€n budSer in advance for andciparcd pcnalrics aod opcniv viotare dre law. liry inruirion is $at this pracaice is a standard operating modc amon8 some of our la4iesr manufacnrrcrs. A bcttcr vay (o cnsure envjronmentd D.otectior js ro inculcarc a scnse of gi;G;o"r-ime^r in our socicry and cspcci ll rrl our corporalc culrure-rhrough educarion and slurcboldcr involvcmcnr. whcn man) individuals, including kc)'corpor:tc exccurivcs. rre commincd ro valucs, t}le rcgulrdons associared wirh those !?lues become a codilication of ' conscicnce nt}ler rhm obslicles ro circumvcnr. Mo.eover. cornmirmcnt. clriven actrons rre likely ro bencfir rh( €nvironmciiiler anct abovc whar the law requires. For exxmpic_ \vhilc a pinicular reguhrion migbt permil -__ . a ccmin amorur of toxic cmuenrs, irdividurls and businesses cornmittcd ro enviror ncnld protec on mighr avoid hannful emlssions alrogether, Instillirg a genuine scnse of commitment rhro gh cducdion and shrrcholder action is not jusr a bencr approach in rheon. it is atso lcss costly ovcrJll thin i comphrnccdnvcn :rpprorch. Regularorl' s_ysrems inicrenrty call for lcgislarjve comfiutrees, invesrilgtions, xnd cnforcemenr agencics, ,ll of .which add ro t}lc t x burden of the irize.s whom these r€gulations are dcsigncd ro prot€cr. Atso, dctays r'?ically associarcd with burcaucrrric rcgularion can r}|wafi thc - - _ purposc of the .cgdations, bccrusc cnvironmcntal problcms can quickly bccomc grave indeed. ln ilm, cnvironmenld regulatjons rc cascniially cxpensive 3an&Aids. A conmitncntba5cd approach, involving cducation d ihc individud levcl and shareholdcr activism at the corpon.c lcvcl. cnn instill in thc socicq' at larSe a scnse of environinenEl consciencc. resultin8 jn f:r more ctrcc- tive envirotuerLrl Drorecdon. @44tcte6otn.com I'cttrson\ , v,tlting St:llk for tbc GRUGI|6T.T.stt (;. I t o s r K ) sJ at a.J n, tr,i t stsdJ Jl,l(2/alt ittt ro.[ sttttts ;ir]tuAt . t,ltosra,ail asuodsag aldwug '; .roru r s,(xlcl,(lpnsn-,sp.l,*o,j,"r,tut., ru" o.:t:i,'ll:l; ) qrguEr 'uoqrqrur 'drqsrrDr:l sr qrns-rorrtl nqlo )uoc 55i;l;q u-6 'rud rLrEuodur' rsour rq) rou l[Itrtur8 sr :r 'Ii5i6i ((rJJns |ruorr '_.'ruf,iro Jo.) )uarnalsul )nruodun ur sr lrol\llrt)) tcttl;l*r, r urns ul 'Injdt.q ,{l)J)ur sr srf,\'lo qtra ,{la^D)f,JJe )jro,r. 01 ltrlrqr rqr sDrrqrd 'qoI ,{u1 lfpnU^ uljoJlad 01 Arsser.u q !3prl,{ourl :^nurrsqns ruros 'Effi6fr 'srsll)urp r$rrl ol suo;Ja elrulprooa ptn: suorlx)llTlJrds uo !t8r tsnu sJJruurxJSoJd Jatnduro) pul: 'srsuulf,s's.r.qf,Jr.slr'55GiGfr -i6f ,011qr :o a8p:l,ldo!q JrrtuqJ.l to l.^rl q8Jl{ x roJ SqTf') asoql prr! uollrlosr e^Drlar u! pau.lopad sqol u)^a 'sJgIJoAoJ rpta uor-rruarq a^Fx,radootr arxos flmb5j uonr4ruDfuo ux ur sqol JIr llftru 'Itp:rLrurftV stcos lxuonrztuEsro or ,{nw8u.rl'r5ur rlnqutuoJ ro sreed gll,r ,{la^!J+Jr rlrf,gnurwof, louurJ 55,{oldure ur 'uolsl,Alp Jo luruurdrp s,euo q prsn fulnqxtro^ pur 'srhpaJoJd 'sul'rsls oql Jo ,3pel^rolr l .rrllbap! tnoqtl,.l, 'iiii5655di sqol:sour ol lEru5utrrr{Jnl aroin.q or unls pFo,fd rruu -sdurot pur:sprlrdoDi ErluLlrsr rEt{r (t /'r5rj ^ru roJ rlosr-:.r rsriroq '15SSl Jlqlo lul'ra!r,ru lcqt JoJ'Jo see,{olduraJo suoJJe o^Duadoo:t Jqt urql rIJrJU.TIJSls arois,{lams s! ruJudlnbr lEtldEJ Jo slrljctrrrr ,{rJ Jo anlu^ Jrp 8unrru ptrt 3rrururr,;nwru tn 41rrn3- ::rq ro)rg,{r)i Jqr Jq plno^i rrroJ srlrs EJo ArrEUtr orfl ro lold Srnr:yrur aalrrur r iili-G.i !E55i-ii rn:U;tp s' uorrrnu3regrp rrnpord ,r:r1a 'serr^r:s 1xl)uro.J sr' qrns srlrsnprn r)prsuor'6slv- sqofr^r1s fusuorsu Surpuno'J sr13o:rirr -J[d.p .ql 8q,{.oflot ogr srE3,()lJeqep Drndruol elddveqr !sEluo:) rrl 'prrr Ogl Jo uortrsod rqr p:runsserFnzr,o5 olrqoll J)rrE DIoJ-rJo:l JO SSaJJng prmojstl:nU 'tp sPnl)Al SaSIJ alqxlON SpASJJnS ,{lrlrullF usg E tou Jo Jrrlllq.i\ tqEllattp laql sa^ln 3xr l)li Jo suols!)ap Allod rqr ,{Jjral, sl ll 'ssJuelsul ,{uyur uI 'elduJr:xr Jo:J asurs uolllruof, puc uoor,l.rrsqo q)ra sproror r1 rrqr ilduls s1i5i7G-o.rnoicllnirurlfi -ss:))ns s.ur{l ! ol rvlo^ld arour 5J! sJolJrT JrI{o 'seJulrsljl rsour u1 'lurlodun s.tclalr tsoutTn s! >lro,$.Lu!.r :t qar 'mir,rtrru-ii s:orr"iTT:pta l uo-if i5?5-pq.c;:ospr:)trnsilf, 1rurntnss:t4."q:r1n:lucdr'r:q:rq,n- (spro^r SZ€) Z enssl JoJ AVSSI 3nSSr 9NUO3S-H9rH V SSOdt^lOC O.L,^AOH I u o.r' t! o sJtt'd /n d t 4 l (-urur Z) 'qdr.Iif-'td Surpnri'uor x.sodluotr 9 (-uIuJ gt) 'rsuods rnoito,ipoq rqt .sodluotr .s ( ulrlJ Z) -qdr-r3Erd /LorrnPorrt,r J.pq r.soduro] r' (.umr OZ) dessg .rnoa asodruo3 (-urur l) -:rnbDu) Jo sturod .Ino,{ ezrtuoud pux .irwfuO € ('urur Z) (s)uormlruor s,rurunSrv 5ql suoddns lr ll€uoJrs ,4doq ruluuat)p o) ,Jurpl^a s,luarunSrv fII] srJltu8xa pux.qpuapl .Z (urrlZ) suorml)u!5 nt qpucpt put 'lueurniry .qr p!.I .l (.uru S) ^Essg Jno usld :(pe4sflps.rrd arx srwlt prlsr3Sns) qtrrorddr detsj s.np ,roJloy .rnnn :u4.lnurtu{g inol qrtp!^d s:l*l rJJrIr JJx qqduoJJr no,{ elns o)fljur ol _-t. :: ' " -' 1J8d ul ,5rq qser lcqr so srDoJ Il,notr '(cEBrn DuE 'xnorts SEEE8S) qsn8tr{ rEu.rJ.r Trtpucts Jo stuaural: ' .aqlToiloinso) >tr|rroaprllrJrsuourrp otrpses osrl,Jlinol,.i:lloN srldurr,.r Surlroddns pu? grrogzlr punos rTtljd sr.pr rno,{ rroddns .€ JouuEur anbr-tuJ mo,{ ssrJdxe prJr 'dola^ap ,ezru!3lo .Z stu5urur,{ri s,lulrrn3rc rqr oqru'Jarto .I ).JrIl ,s.qt qslldrxoJJr ol p.5u no,{ ',kssr l**"* t*.r.:ffi :::: suplmq-lJp{s Jo sruss r qSnorqr prurzol 3^,nol rlqa eJrlrr-rd .r;t;"t; ^:l',,: [l f"ffifjl] iT,l".;T'J.ffffi-'iHj"-T: l{ . stsal J?'t{9/1u aqt Jo[stITS n'rt,lrAj . s,uotttt t xsvr eNtltu/yr lNlwn9uv IHr oI sdtlg 8 avsslt INlII^In9rrv DNIUO)S-HCIH V !ilNUN OI I0.OH E *rrrd PAtI J Refine Your Essav (5 mia.) ?. Ilcvics':rnd rclisr tbr cohercncc rnd l)rl:tncc. (] niin.) tj. P.oofrcrd for significinr mcch:rnicit p.obtcms. (2 min.) NOTE: Thc sussesred dmc lirmrr tor crch srcp ire mcrcl). guidelincs. nor hard-and,fasr rulcs. -Al you prrcticc codrposing your olvn ,trgumenr essavs undcr dmcd conditjons, stan with my Suidclircs. thcn dcvelop a pacc thar works bcsr for vou.pc.sonaliy. ln thc foLlowhg pages. I'lt wrtk vou r.llrou8h cacb step in rum, applyin8 the followinS simulared rgumenr: Thc following ippexrcd jn r mcmo from rhc maiagcr of Uppcrcu6 hair ' :, 1r'' i 'Accordins ro r ralionwjde dcmographjc srudy, more and morc peopte rodayxre moving from suburbs ro downroq,n areis. ln orclcrto boost sagging prolirs at Upp€rcut5, Ivc should ral<c aclvarlagc of rhjs trcnd by rclocaring t]]e srlon from i!s currcnr iocation in Apron,s suburban mall ro dol{rntown Apron, while reuining the salon's decidcdly upscrtc aJn- . biarcc- Besides, Hair-Dooz, our chjef comperiror ar rhe mall, haj jusr relocared downrown and is tbriving at its ncw locacion, ancl thc mosa prosperous hiir srlon in nearby tsrainard is toclr.d in rhar ciqrs down. to\vn area, Bv emularing thc locarions ofthese rwo successful salons, Uppercu6 is ceftain ro aniacr more cusiomers.' l. Reao rnr Ancumrm, lNo lorNrrry lrs CorucLusron(sl -Evcry GRI .nd clvlAT Argument consists of $e following bajic clcmcnrsl ]. Evidencc (slated premises thar thc Argumenr does not dispure) 2. Assu::dptiotrs (unst?ted prcmises needcd ro iustifl, a conclusior) 3. CondusioDs (inferences drawn from cvid€,nc_e ind assu.rDptjons) ^s you rerd an irgum€nt for ttrc filst rime, idcntiry ils/irot conclusion a5 scll as its inteflncdiare conclurion (if any). Whv is rhir fifsr stcp so impon3nt? Uolcss you e clcar about thc Ar8umenr's conclusions, lt,s impossiblc ro cmluare rhe allt}lor's rcasoniog or rbe sr.>h of rhe cvidence offcred in suppon of thenr. And rhrt,s whar rhe Argumcnr 'wririDg r25k is all aboutt . You'lt probably fird rhelral conclusion in rhc Argxmenfs fifsr or lasr scnrcncc. The Ar8ument mighr refe. ro ir as i .claim," a "recomm.ndr- rion,' or a 'p.edicrion.'An jnrc.medirre concllsion, upon which thc lir.l Peterso4 s , Wntilg Sht[s /o/ tbe GR-E/GiUT Tests CI tuolntota,ad ntotol c,lurlunSrv .ql qJrq^\ uodn suolrdrzrss, rlqlruosriru| lo p]tlroulxsqn<un Iur roj tno)iool Frtr.ds uo )B suotsnlruo) liult pur: -lr:rp ru)tur s,lu.ur .n8rv:qr ot spurl 1r loddns q)nui ndoq or sx LUrr rlri:a :zllrur 'urrll , l]ajc u^ro]u^\op s.,itr) trLll ul D.txrol sr prlulrr{I ,{qJrJu uJ ublrs.rlDq snolsdsord lso(u lllt . ._ (€ u.tl) .)ucp!^I ,, uo|Erol aru str l[ sul^pq] sr pux u^tou^top D)trfollr tsnl srq 'JTt(U Jr{) :r .ro:rt.rduoc Jalqc .:no zooC-lrDH. . l: ' :. '(z u1P ?JuaPFl " sEux u,rolu,rop ot sqnqns uro{ 3r,.r^otu tJx l?pot tldoad 3roru plre erou ',{prus JJqdESoBrp )pl,1l.uogru t or Sqprotrv" (I uaU) eJuapl l :rJUJpr^r Jo srrrf,rl tf,rntqp aerqt surl:tuoJ $n3,rrddn 8tn^lo^ul tuIUnSJV rlll rrdrd qrlzjrs mol uo (sJoJ pnrquoqs tn lJ^lop urar!.rol pur ,uj?qr t)qrt 'ur:qt ,{JDuapt (s)uo!snlruor n! Jo uoddn( tn slsn 1! lxLD .r]u)pr^a ro 'uoF urJoJu Jo srrall aallp ro od1 lstal lr uJrtuoJ sluolunfJv lsow s,eJ JYA|t/!dt ,t rt{ s 'tlt lulr!1)t I s,uosJata| (slNorsnrrlol s,rNlwocdv tHr srtoddn5 rl llcNours n oH rNrm to o.r l)Nlcr^3 s/rN3v{n9xv tHL tNDrvx:l oNv AluNtol .z ',fts$ Jnol asoduot pIrE .nblrutr Jo oulod rno^ dola^.p nol s? ulrSx pu! au4t urqr ol r"Jar ol preu lJ.nol .^oqu prpr ord.^,1 a)U uloJ pucqloqs tl]-uoignpuot frrnj stJ puE (.,{,nu Jl) irorcnl)uof, ol€lp.rnjf,ltrl s,luJtr.mfuy ur u,{,op rof s,(!atv (itotsl\tuot put!) .ut o) -u.ruop Sul^ourIJ ,{q ,4tdals slgord 9l tsooq lJI^\ s]n}raddn 'brolaraql . (uols-rqruo) ettlpau/-Etul) undolu,rop sr^our tJ J sJf,rrrorsnJ url3 [l-r,r $nJ,Jrddn :SuruosE5J Jo rull Tertursse Jqr s,rlaH .suorsnlJuoJ alqprrulalur slr uo srll5j uolsnlJuoJ frurJ s.lurlun8ry aq1 rcrn aJDoN -':5nxlqure afEJsdn ,{II)apI'ft>s;rroles ,ql SrmnsDr rllua .iroldv u,lLoi -urr.op or Jlf,l-u wqmqns s.loldv ul uoFrtol tuJjjntr stl ruo{ uops oql .le]rtJolfj' pfnoqs .^r 'qnlrJddn tesruordSu€8es tsooq ot rrpro rq" . uolsnrJuo:) Ig[rIJ 'sJrrrrolsnJ oroul DBlflx ot LnEuJJ sr f1n3|l3ddn 'guotEs Fusserlns o,|d.r 3se!F Jo srroFrJol F 8ulrxlnurr ,tg" uolsnlJrrof, orDJPsrDlarul : :rrE l.ql.lrH ern3,Eddn 3s]^Io^u tuaurngry.ql q suorsntruof, tctnJ pux.rqpcuu.tu rrlr ll)3n raq qqnSupsrp pu! lJ]luapl no,{ p1O .uorsnltruol arrllr.ur.rur rrn sutEluor lu:unflt .!.,{r toN 'ru)rlm&y etp u! al3qndrr|! r!3ddr tq€nu .spuad:p uorsnlruoe . VSS].tN3nnSdV 9NRlO3S-H9tH V 3llUM Ot MOH [...]... tbc A4umcnr involvinS Uppercu6 mighr look likc rfler a fcw minurcs ot brainsrorminc: u.^- 4^ 1.-UC 4; A t-* li^t ^"/.-UC ^a*b 44 / .4' ,-L",^ ""11La,,.aL 1".1r* /.,t ta,- /',,% dJ,r-, Ap.^ q1:,zt) - 4. 4 a 744 *nY':rrt' t"'n' @ J-+' 1 rr/)o4 n -4" a Tf,* On-7,.- ?.*/l /*+'rof &, ,c1n - 4 7p,+ y1-7>"-z "tzyt :("so]snlJuoJ Trug" sfroulp [fJ] :rurod E ssnsslp 01 ps)rn-r I eDq,{ ,rr.lpu] s,laolr!) uttql 8urzru!&o rau! rtflt lool srnlDddn Sq Io^ \4 lucumSrv alTl roJ srlos _ inr r"qo s.creH 'ur:qt sm:sp or oucnbos ItISol lsor! )ITr 01 tulpJoJf,r 'rl4Fno u.raql 8u.Daq6ns 'cu-rFno mo,(... nccessaril-\' resul! in improvcd profits 44 9!3!, pi6lir is a tuncrion of expensesxs q,cll as revenue Thus, an incrcasein UC's cxpcnses-due pcrhaps ro hjgrcr r€n.s doMrown thln at the mall-might v€rs weu offset incresin8 rcvcnucs, thcrcby lrustnting UC s effons ro improvc irs Drofitabilis' 'lutu peIcno,L'.cotl Petdso;t s , WrltinS Sh L,for.t' GRE/ GMAT Tcttt tuLD trot.t .4 ,r,1t,r - acu &J s1n],rys Supt!,tt... s,ar)H ural,{.1rJo uo!1ru -llap trrrua) r 'aldurrxs 'oj-ssondcmssE plorlsarp uo {lar sruaum8.rv,uros solsnlJuot ljpm! ar Erp35u TI-lrS /rr.y'.qr sl uoDduJnss! Jof|:tll p4./t r ,en4 s,ruolsnlJuoa 3rzJpeulltr4 5r{r ,€ JI 'uolsnpuotr el4pruIl5lq erlt A.nsnJol p.pr)u oslv st (aturpr e Jo ui3ll ur rnoqc) uorldunsst to[ztrt puojas V Z uo,rsnlrrroJ errtparll.torwIn Ansnl l or popDu s! (oruspr^) Jo lllrtt ur... srrru"-.:'.T5.t"t:::,:'"tt';": (,{ux FUUsr!ot gSnorr{l I) uorsnpno) erelpruurrr4 ot suoltdrDnssa slr pue J)uJpr r srr tllo{ Suruos[al Jo Jul] s.)urun8lv rql rJEJt ot :Jurls aqr aq nFoqs rururnSJv ftrx loj q)tolddE JEnu)(s: lno.( rn0 sur:DEd o,ru asrql to uo otrt 4rs.oardru rou op sru.um8rv I\'t,I3 pr,,ElXC tsorll ,.srnoJ JO 'uorsnlluor s,luaulnSryrqr 4Ttrn, ol p.prou sr JIIIS uopdlrJnssslo(ru (FlrU pirc) Zlr./J r... opdond of dcmenLs orny after you ve complelcd your cdrique of rhe Arguocnr 'Othcru'isc, you risk.nnning out of timc for addressins.rl of the AIFU_ mcnt s majof problems +! , ii, u4r.pctaaoE.&m ,**onj , wrlhn! SkrLt lol tbe GRE/ GMAT Ietu tuor'lltoeatrd nldm rql Jo ssr)rns qt r.rp;qar :uru.r:]ep o: j:p:riui ,ilruqro:q, )tlt rul flt?ls Jutlual slsal!w2m a tuotlt, p.rr -ulE{l u^\oru^ropur p)rlsrlqus}Huol... explore the rcasonin8flnws rhar arc mosr corrnon in GREand GMAT Argumenrs.I ve prcscnred rhem bere in order-from more f.equent ro lcss f.cqucnL.Fo cach rype of flaq', you'Il flnd at lcrit onc simulatedlrgumenr rh:rt illusrircs rl)e p.oblem, along wilb at least one iff€crivc rcspons€.The simulatcdAr8lrments and respoosesr.ntris s€ction arc cach dcsjgred to focus on one partjcular rcasoning flas Thel... don:t'need to kno\r' thesc tcnDs, ,nd you don't nced aq'.formal coulse;ork h losic in order ro recogflizc a-odIundlc reasonirs probiedsjn GRE and CMAT ArSumeflts ReL,qTroNsHrp A MSRE wrTH Corurusrnc -CausE-/*{D-EFFEo ConneurroN on A SrourNce hr,rponqtMan)' GREand GMAT Argumentsrc\'on the cirim thar cetuin €vents claim miAht bc bascd on causcolh€r c.ft:rin cvcnF A.cause-ind-cffcct 1 -A si8nincanrcorcld.io,... '(srjonolxnssE IsIJruJ s.lurun8rv eql Jo euo sr '3 f,) ualqord rsnlJ-rsJ[J 3rlr 4[ luepJ I leJsrr 3l4r'AonoJ rqr Jo e.rill lp qsldulot)r o: paru no,{ 'urf,lqoJd asnr}aslEJ ? puosJepun nod r:p!:r ern ,roqs oJ rllsrJ!luJ or elqsrutrl^ sl rurunSrv aql '(l.uoa rl ',{r,t aqr dq) "tFs.r" prums!.rd atlt Jo sDrnx5alqrsncld Jtr[ro JI! s.]rqru4la pul goplsuoi, osp tutalln3jv rqt ss)lun dl{suoltDloj r qJns a^oJd ol saf,rJFs . 4. 4< ;4 4 HD 4 L. /4; * 19) .4, ,1,'i-* t4./ .4t ;4 . ,'.,&apos ;4& quot; 4 E *L^-/- ' 2.+n L<zz;^* t9) -t Al 44 l;1 E /t 4l) (/',':.t) rL.At* cE+ .4. 4t4. 3.) Hcre's whrt your nores Ior tbc A4umcnr involvinS Uppercu6 mighr look likc rfler a fcw minurcs ot brainsrorminc: u.^- .4^ 1 UC 4; A t-* ^a*b 44 / .4& apos;,-L",^ li^t ^"/ UC ""11. cE+ .4. 4t4 "tln z ,', ' -UC *-"'a oa4Ll ,.2.r,' <l*"a<.lz 1,t^t; 1l* W G ,4, 1.""^,J lf l,"nl 4- t -')) -/1",^^st 14 "4pz*"