Definition: Gerund is verb ending with “ing” and has functions as a noun, a subject, an object, complement … Danh động từ là động từ thêm đuôi “ing” và có các chức năng như một danh từ,
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UNIT 2: SCHOOL TALKS VOCABULARY
A READING
1 attitude (n) ['ỉtitju:d] thái độ
3 household task (n) ['haushould
tɑ:sk] công việc nhà
11.profession (n) = job [prə'fe∫n] nghề nghiệp
B SPEAKING
14 conversation (n) [,kɔnvə'sei∫n] cuộc hội thoại
16 toothache (n) ['tu:θeik] đau răng
C LISTENING
18 comfortable (adj) ['kʌmfətəbl] thoải mái
19 enjoy yourself [in'dʒɔi jɔ:'self] thích
20.Go for a swim = go swimming đi bơi
23 experienced (adj) –experience
(n,v)
[iks'piəriənst] có kinh nghiệm
D WRITING
24 block capital (n) [blɔk 'kỉpitl] chữ in hoa
25 employee (n) [,implɔi'i:] người lao động
26 employer (n) [im'plɔiə] người sd lđộng
27 enrolment form (n) [in'roulmənt] mẫu ghi danh
28 female (adj) >< male (adj) ['fi:meil] (thuộc) phái nữ >< (thuộc) phái nam
31 somewhere (adv) ['sʌmweə] nơi nào đó
32 occupation – job (n) [,ɒkjʊ'pei∫n] nghề nghiệp
35 marital status (n) ['mỉritl 'steitəs] tình trạng hôn nhân
E LANGUAGE
36 as a result [ri'zʌlt] kết quả là
Trang 237 cousin (n) ['kʌzn] anh/chị/em họ
38 guy (n) [gai] anh chàng, gã (tiếng lóng)
39 improve (v) [im'pru:v] cải thiện
42 marvelous (adj) ['mɑ:vələs] kỳ diệu
44 nervous (adj) ['nə:vəs] hồi hộp
45 pay attention to [pei ə'ten∫n] chú ý đến
46 post (v) = send (v) [poust] = [send] gởi thư
47 relaxing (adj) [ri'lỉksiη] thư giãn
48 situation (n) [,sit∫u'ei∫n] tình huống
GRAMMAR:
A WH – QUESTIONS
Câu hỏi bắt đầu bằng: Wh – words (what, who, whom, when, where, why)
How (old/ long/ far/ many/ much)
Ex: - What is the time? It’s 8.00
S
- What are you interested in?
C
2 Auxiliary verbs (many, might, can, could, will, would, shall, should, must, ought to…)
a Khi Wh-word là tân ngữ:
Ex: When will you leave?
Auxi V
b Khi Wh-word là chủ từ:
Ex: Who can play volleyball?
Auxi V
3 Ordinary verbs (live, play, get, go, want, love…)
Ex: Where do you live?
What did you do yesterday?
4 The present perfect and the past perfect tense:
Ex: Where have you studied so far?
V-ed
How has he come here?
V3
Wh – word + be + S + C (complement)
WH – word + Auxi + S + V + ….?
Wh - word + do/ does/ did + S + V + ….?
Wh - word + have/ has / had + S + V3/ed +?
WH – word + V + O?
Auxi + V + O?
Trang 3B GERUND – TO-INFINITIVE AND BARE INFINITIVE
I Gerund:
1 Definition: Gerund is verb ending with “ing” and has functions as a noun, a subject, an object,
complement … (Danh động từ là động từ thêm đuôi “ing” và có các chức năng như một danh từ, một chủ từ, một tân ngữ, bổ ngữ…)
2 Functions: (Chức năng)
a Subject of a sentence: (Làm chủ từ của câu)
Ex: Playing tennis is fun
S (gerund phrase)
Walking is good exercise
S (gerund)
b Subject complement: (Làm bổ ngữ)
Ex: My hobby is singing
be C
c Object of a verb: (Làm tân ngữ của động từ)
(enjoy/ finish/ mind/ practise/ avoid/ admit/ miss/ postpone/ consider/ quit/ delay/ like/ love/ hate/ deny (phủ nhận) / detest (ghét)/ dislike/ imagine/ involve/ risk (đánh liều)/ spend/ waste/ …)
Ex: She enjoys playing tennis (Cô ấy thích chơi tennis.)
V O
d Object of a preposition: (Làm tân ngữ của giới từ)
Ex: He’s excited about playing tennis
Prep O
e Go+ V-ing: recreational activities (Các hoạt động giải trí)
Go fishing/ shopping/ swimming/ dancing/ boating/ bowling/ sightseeing/ camping
Ex: I always go fishing at weekend
f After some expressions (Làm tân ngữ sau một số các thành ngữ)
- can’t bear, can’t face, can’t stand, can’t help, feel like, …
- It’s no use/good + V-ing sth.: Không ích gì …
- There’s no point in + V-ing sth.: Không cần thiết …
- It’s (not) worth + V-ing sth.: Không đáng để làm …
Ex1 : I can’t help seeing him
Ex2: It’s not use helping lazy people
Notes: - Một số động từ được theo sau bởi danh động từ và động từ nguyên mẫu, nhưng nghĩa không khác nhau (start, begin, continue, intend, …)
eg She starts to study/ studying French
- Một số động từ được theo sau bởi danh động từ và động từ nguyên mẫu, nhưng nghĩa khác nhau
Stop + to inf : ngừng lại để làm việc khác Stop + gerund : ngừng hẳn việc gì đó, từ bỏ Remember + to inf : nhớ việc cần phải làm Remember + gerund : nhớ lại việc đã xảy ra Try + to inf : cố gắng làm việc gì Try + gerund : thử làm việc gì
Mean + to inf :có ý định làm việc gì Mean + gerund : có nghĩa là
Need + to inf : ai đó cần làm việc gì Need + gerund : việc gì cần được làm
Regret + to inf : lấy làm tiếc khi nói điều gì Regret + gerund : ân hận vì đã làm việc gì
II Infinitive:
1 Infinitive with to: ta dùng To-infinitive trong các trường hợp sau:
a V + to + V (sau một số động từ như afford, agree, appear, arrange, attempt, ask, choose, decide,
demand, determine, expect, fail, happen, hesitate (do dự), hope, learn, manage, offer, plan, pretend (giả vơ)ø, promise, refuse, resolve (quyết tâm), seem, threaten, want, wish, would like)
eg: He agreed to help me
Trang 4- advise sb (not) to do sth = advise + V-ing + sth.
- allow sb to do sth = allow + V-ing + sth
- invite sb to do sth
- permit sb to do sth = permit + V-ing + sth
- persuade sb to do sth Thuyết phục ai làm gì
- remind sb to do sth
- tell sb (not) to do sth
- warn sb (not) to do sth
eg: The tourist guide advised us to see the old tower
c S + to be + adj + (for sb) + to + V … = To + V… +to be + adj
eg: His explanations were difficult to understand
= To understand his explanations were difficult
d To-infinitive is used in these sentences to express a purpose
eg: He saved money to/ in order to/ so as to buy a car
e V + wh + to + V…
eg: He taught me how to play the game
2 Infinitive without to: ta dùng trong các trường hợp sau.
a After modal verbs MV + bare infinitive (can, could, do, does, will, shall, did, may, must, should,
ought to, would rather, had better …)
eg: She doesn’t know where to go
b S + make/ let/ have + O + V(without to)
eg: Why don’t you let him go?
Note: Khi động từ make được dùng trong câu bị động, nó phải được theo sau bằng “to-infinitive”
c Infinitive without to after verbs of sensation (động từ chỉ giác quan)
S + see/hear/watch/notice/find/feel + O + V(without to)
eg: I saw that man take your bike
Note: Các động từ trên cũng được theo sau bằng V-ing với ý nghĩa “nghe hoặc thấy ai đang làm gì”
EXERCISES:
Exercise 1: Make question for the following sentences:
1 They do their homework at night (when)
2 Mr Robertson came to the party alone (who)
3 I like the red blouse, not the blue one (which)
4 She felt better after she took a nap (how)
5 She talked to him for an hour (how long)
6 My parents have two cars (how many)
7 I don’t get up early because I like to sleep late (why)
8 We have an English class every day (how often)
9 They like to dance on weekends (what)
10 The club is not far from their house (where)
11 Their favourite kind of music is Latin Jazz (what)
Trang 512 The train arrived at ten o’clock (what time)
Exercise 2: Complete sentences, using gerund, infinitive with to and infinitive without to.
1 It’s obvious he’s only interested in (make) money
2 Anne couldn’t find a taxi so I offered (drive) her to the station
3 I managed (book) two seats on the morning flight
4 I promise (send) you our new brochure as soon as it’s available
5 Peter was delighted (meet) a former colleague at the conference
6 I avoid (take) the car whenever possible, especially in big cities
7 My father hates (wear) a tie to work
8 We can’t afford (take) a vacation this summer
9 The company was pleased (receive) your thank-you letter
10 Would you mind (open) a window?
Exercise 3: Choose the best answer.
1 do you want? – A box of chocolates
2 is this building? – It’s about two hundred years old
3 money do you earn? – About £250 a week
4 bag are you carrying? – Judy’s
5 first stepped on the moon? – Neil Amstrong, wasn’t it?
6 is your new school? – It’s very big and friendly
7 is it to the post office? – About two hundred meters
8 is your national flag? – Red and yellow
9 do you take a holiday? – Once a year
10 is Greg like? – He’s tall and thin with brown hair
11 Ann is interested in young children
12 I finished the book and went to bed
13 I must go now I promised
a not being b not to be c to not be d I wouldn’t be
14 Dad allowed Dora to the party
15 My teacher always expected me well in exams
16 Will you please stop TV channels?
17 My glasses are in my book bag, but I don’t remember them there
18 I’d like somewhere different for a change
Trang 619 He agreed the job as soon as possible.
20 Our teacher made me all the questions
Key:
Exercise 1: 1 When do they do their homework?
2 Who did Mr Robertson come to the party with?
3 Which blouse do you like?
4 How did she feel after she took a nap?
5 How long did she talk to him?
6 How many cars do your parents have?
7 Why don’t you get up early?
8 How often do you have an English class?
9 What do they like to do on weekends?
10 Where is the club?
11 What is their favourite kind of music?
12 What time did the train arrive?
Exercise 2: 1 making 2 to drive 3 to book 4 to send 5 to meet
6 taking 7 wearing 8 to take 9 to receive 10 opening
Exercise 3: 1 a 2 c 3 a 4 d 5 b 6 b 7 a 8 c 9 d 10 a
11 d 12 a 13 b 14 b 15 c 16 d 17 a 18 a 19 c 20 a
………
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date:
GENERAL EXERCISES OF UNIT 2
A TỰ LUẬN.
I Give the correct form of the verbs.
1 I (try) to learn English for years, but I (not succeed) yet
2 We (understand) it after the teacher (explain) it to us
3 Be quiet! The baby (sleep)
4 Light (travel) faster than sound
II Reorder the words to make sentences.
5 children/ household/ young/ with/ tasks/ enjoy/ helping
6 you/ letter/ forget/ post/ gave/ don’t/ the/ I / to
7 Mr Ha/ about/ traveling/ does/ worry/ son’s/ why/ his?
III Rewrite the following sentences, beginning with the words given.
8 Peter wishes he had attended Mary’s birthday party
Peter regrets not
9 He wants to learn a foreign language He’s interested in it
He’s interested in
10 Phong rides a bike to school every day
Phong goes ………
B TRẮC NGHIỆM.
I PHONETIC
Choose the word in each group that has the underlined part pronounced differently from the rest
Choose a word in each line that has different stress pattern
II VOCABULARY- GRAMMAR: Choose one correct option for the blank in each sentence.
5 Mai is interested taking an art course
6 Don’t worry me I’ll be fine
7 It was first time I enjoyed such good film
a no article/ the b the/ a c a/ the d the/ no article
8 What is your job?
a occupation b career c profession d all are correct
9 Most people start to lose their memory as they get older
a ability to remember b ability to impress
c feeling of admiration d ability to affect
10 The Internet is an important of communication in modern world
11 Young people are usually full of , but lack of experience
a enthuse b enthusiasm c enthusiastic d enthusiast
12 A: Would you like to go somewhere for a drink?
B: All right for a drink
Trang 8a We go b Let’s go c Could you go d Don’t you go
13 high/ aunt/ teaches/ a / my/ English/ at/ school
a My aunt English teaches at a high school b My aunt teaches at a high school English
c My aunt at a high school teaches English d My aunt teaches English at a high school
III ERROR IDENTIFICATION
14 I enjoy to talk with my classmates about their future plans
a b c d
15 Why don’t you let him riding his bicycle to school?
a b c d
IV READING: Read the passage below and choose one correct answer for each question.
Getting good results in your studies comes from developing good study habits
The best place to study is a comfortable room with good lighting The best chair for studying would be one which you would be comfortable in, but not so comfortable that you may fall asleep in it after a while! Before you study, look for a quiet environment with no distractions If you find your home too noisy for studying, try the library or community centre instead
When you study set realistic targets for yourself to achieve For example, don’t aim to study five chapters of Geography in one sitting when you know that you take more than an hour to read one chapter Furthermore, remember not push yourself too hard When you have studied for a period of time, reward yourself by taking a short break You could perhaps take a short walk or listen to some music for a while
If you begin to feel sleepy when studying, do not force yourself to go on as you may lose your power of concentration Instead, you may want to take a short nap to refresh yourself Studying may also tire the eyes When you study, it may be a good idea to lift your eyes away from your books occasionally Looking at objects at a distance or at greenery can help soothe tired eyes
16 Why shouldn’t you choose the chair which is so comfortable to sit in?
a Because you may fall off it b Because it isn’t good for your health
c Because you may fall asleep in it d Because you may stay awake in it
17 If your house is too noisy, you should
a go to your friend’s house instead b go to the library or community centre to study
c study later when the house is quiet d try to study
18 What should you do when you have studied for a period of time?
a Change to another subject b Have a short break
19 When you feel sleepy,
a go out for a walk b listen to music for a while
c refresh yourself by taking a nap d encourage yourself to go on
20 Lifting the eyes away from your books can
a make you lose your concentration b tire them
Keys:
A: I 1 have tried – haven’t succeeded 2 understood – had explained
II 5 Young children enjoy helping with household tasks
6 Don’t forget to post the letter I gave you
7 Why does Mr Ha worry about his son’s traveling?
III 8 Peter regrets not attending Mary’s birthday party.
9 He’s interested in learning foreign language
10 Phong goes to school every day by bicycle
B 1 b 2 a 3 c 4 c 5 a 6 b 7 b 8 d 9 a 10 b
11 b 12 b 13 d 14 a 15 b 16 c 17 b 18 b 19 c 20 d