CHUaNG 6 , .,. - T~O LOP CHO BAN VE 6.1. KHAI NItM V~ LOP (LAYER), MAu sAc, DUONG NET VE 6.1.LLap (Layer) ACAD cho phep b<;ln t~o fa cae lap (Layers) de ve bim ve va quao 19 blm ve d~ dang hem. MOi lOp ve co th~ xem n,hu m~t mang trong su6t. Tren m6i lap b~n co the ve cae d6i tuqng mang cae d~c tinh, firiU sofie, kitu duemg net rieng do b~n quy djnh. M~t ban ve co th~ dugc t~o boi nhi~u lOp khac nhau, nhU'l1g chung co cung mQt h¢ t<;>a dt), ding mt)t ty 1¢ thu phong va giOi h,~n ve gi6ng nhau. Troog qua tdoh ve, b',m co the cho hi~n ra ho~c tat di cae lOp DaO do ba:t cd lUe nao b'ilo mu6n. Vi d1,l m¢t b~m ve l~p g6m nhi~u chi ti€t khac nhau, mbi chi ti~t b'ilo ve treo ffi¢l lap rieng v6i mim sac khac nhau d~ quan Iy chung mQt each thuQ.ri ti¢o. Ho~c t~n ban ve eua mQt chi ti€t, b'iln co the d~t timg IO'ili duang net, mall sac vilo timg lOp kha.c nhau. Khi ve b~ gQi tUng lOp ra ve d~ dang. 6.1.2. Mau sac B<Pl su dl.J.ng mau tren ban vi! thi co the quan s,1l va quan ly ban ve thu~n lqi han. Ban ve dung ca.c mall khac nhau, khi in ra bang may ve (Plotter) co the duqc lien ket mau bim ve v&i. tUng but ve co mau tuang U'ng. HOi v~y b,~.n co the di~u khien duqc be r(lOg net ve. Command: color New entity <:010« >:· <choltn mau. ~ .dUng v<n m'''!>' ACAD quy dinh 7 mAu ch"", ~ "~.!6.~,b~iiW r l!i,l~ Ii: 1 - Red (dO) '. '.' "'5'BI''''i(~;U;h iniac billn) . H ,.,~ -'l . 2 - Yellow (Witg)6: .~¢nla·(h6ng canh'sen) 3 - Green (xanh cAy) 7·, While (!ring) 4- Cyan (xanh c&n th""h) Chll thich: BYLAYER: III mau eUs lOp ve·hi~n hllnh. BYBLOCK: hlnh ve VOl mllu BYBLOCK se e6 milu White (trAng), chQ d61 khi nao hl;l.n dl).t hinh ve ~6 vilo m(lt kh6i (Bloc~) va-cMn (Insert) n6 vao ban ve thl n6.sl c6 milu hi¢n thbi. 6.1.3. Ki~u dulmg net 4nh LlNETYPE dung d~ thi€t I~p lo~i duimg net (net W\n. net dllt.net cham gach ) va tai vao de dua ra ve. ACAD co cac kieu dUOng net miu nhu hlnh 6-1. * each gQi l¢nh LlNETYPE til Menu: Screen Menu> SETTING> LineType' Menu Bar > SETI1NG > Layer control (hl)p tho~i) 66 Continious Dashed Hidden Center Phantom Dot Dashdot Border Divide ' - -~ -' _ Hinh 6-1 • Go I~nh til ban phfm: Command: LineType ? lere.te/Lo.d/Se!: Dap cac I,!a ch(;m: + ? : ACAD li¢t ke danh such cac ten va mO tii cac lo~i duemg net duqc tai vilo. + L (Load): tai cac durmg net vao tu f file chua chung (vI dl,l: acad.lin). ACAD nhAc b~n dua ten d.c kieu duemg net va ten file chung vao. + S (Set): dua kieu duemg net thanh hi¢n hanh. B<,ln cung co the dua ten duemg net la BYLAYER , BYBLOCK (da noi 11 tren) di! dua kieu duimg net eua LAYER, BLOCK tbOnh hi¢n hanh. . + C (Create): t~o ki~u duemg mm va cat rieng vao mqt file thu vi¢n. Sau khi b~n dap . "C" trong lai nhac tren thl ACAD nhac nha ti€p: • Name of linetype to create: <cho ten ki~u duang> Sau do ACAD hoi b~n ten file thu vi¢n rna b~n lUll lo~i duang mm t~o vAo va ACAD hoi b.;lO v~ dinh nghia cho ki~u duemg mai: Dscriptive text: <~ mO ta kieu duang bang nef"-" hay net g~ch chAn "_", dau cham"."· trto ~ phini> " Enter pattern (On next line): <go ~ ky hi.mOta kieu dllllng v.odong d\l'm city>: A, Trong d!nh nghla tr~~ b~ hay cho v~.ck: ~on.'86 SMi.chit cAi J'A," (Align) chung cach nhau bin Mu phAy de m6 iA 11(>. doi ~',lWih', '\,hOlngM,4ID;cMlncho 1 coo I<Y eua dllllng net. Ntu eho s6 dllong 1. djnh nghla chM" d8i cIo\m's\!Ch (loEj;oh<>s6am 1. dinh nghla ehieu doi khoimg hl1 (khOng vel, eho s60 Ia dinh ngh1a·dlfu<>hllHt. Ky t\l' "A," 11 dilu dong dI! chi clng khi vo m/)t dU/l!)g !hlbAI d§u va k!t !hue d~u Ia net g~ch. Vi d1,l t~o mqt kieu duemg net ch:tm g~ch c6 chi&!, dli n6t g~ch 16: chil~u diii khe ha tir dau net g~ch tai da'u cha'm la 3 lam nhu sau: Comwand: Iinetype ? ICreate/LoadiSet: C Name' of linetype to create: CHAM_GACH Sau do hi~n h~p tho~i, b~n chQn File c5t vao la MYLTYPE.LIN. va tra lai tiEp: 67 Descriptive text: Enter pattem(On next line): A, 16, -3, 0,-3 Nhl1 v~y b~ da t~o ra net cham g~eh rieng eho b~n vai ten CHAM _ GACH b trong file MYLTYPE.LIN, sau do b'.ln eo the tai vao de ve. 6.1.4. LTSCALE (LineType Scale) L~nh nay dung d~ dieu ehinh ty l~ dl1Cmg net. Command: Itseale New seale faetor< >: <eho tY 1~> Ch6 y: ACAD djnh nghia cae kiiu duemg net d~t trong file acad.lin dung don V! "Inch". Neu b<;tn dung dOll vi "mm" nen d<}t t)l I¢ khoang 25. 6.2. Li);NH LAYER B'.ln dung l~nh LAYER d~ t'.lo cac lOp mai, d~ thay d6i eac <4e tfnh nhu: rnau sac, kitu dUCmg net, tat hay rna cac lap, tam d6ng d~e hay lam tan eae lap d6ng d~e, li¢t ke ten cae lap da co, hay dua m"t lap thanh hi¢n haoh. * qich gQi I¢nh LAYER tir Menu: Screen Menu> Layer Menu Bar > SETIlNG > Layer Control * Go l¢nh til b~m phim: Command: layer ?/Make/SetiNew/ON/OFF/Color/LtypelFreeze/LOckiUnlock: Y nghia cac h!a ch(;m do: +? :·Ii¢t ke cae lOp eung cac d~c nnh clla tUng lap. + M (Make):.dua I lap thanh hi¢n thm, ho~c 4-0 lOp mm va dl1a ra hi~n thai. + S (Set): goi I lap ra hi~n thoi. + N (New): t~o lap mm. + ON: rna cac lap dang uit. + OFF: tat cae lOp, .khi do hlnh ve utn d.c lOp nay kh6ng hi¢n ra mm hinh vlt cung kh6ng in r~ duge . .+ C (Color): de d~t mau eho cae lap. VI d~ d~t m~u Green eho lap "LI" t. lamnhu sau: Command: . layer " .• . . ?/M.kelS.tiNewIONIOFll'(l~OcklUnlock:·· C Color: green (b\Ul clID I/lIl mAu bo~ """ 06 ii:t 1_+.225 tuang Ilng) Layer narne(o) for color 3(greenj<Ox . LI. + L (Uype): dung Mtbay dOi kieu duang netgiin vmlap. Vi d~: mu6n d~tkil!u duang khufft (Hidden) eho lap "Ll": Command: layer ?/Make/Set!New/On/Off/Color/Ltype!Freeze/LOck/Unlock: L. Linetype(or ?)<Continuous>: Hidden • . Layer name(s) for linetype IDDDEN<O>: LI + F (Freeze): Hun d6ng d~c cac lap b'.ln chi ra. Dung Freeze thl ACAD se bO qua cac 68 hlnh ve Iren C,-le -lap Fr eeze trong qu:' trlnil Cl)p nh~lt sl,t thay doi, nell vi¢c tai hi¢n lai (Regenera ti on) b::l11 ve nhanh chong hOil so voi Chl'fC nung tfit OFF ella lap. + T (1ll<IW): lam tan di cae lOp da Freeze. + to (Lock ): chi dLlIlg c16i v6i ACVADI2, de khoa dc lOp. Khi khoa Ih. hlnh ve In~n dc lap do van hi¢n fa, nhung kh6ng th e sm.U1 Ih <'1.0 (Edil) c1uqc. + U (Unlock): mo khoa cho die lap. ClIo thich: ACAD 12 eo l~nh DDLMODES (Layer Mode) d<i diel1 khiC:n lop qua h¢p Ihm.li . Command: ddhnodcs ACAD 12 sc dU'a fa hop thO<;li nhu hlnh 6-2. layer Control Current layer: 0 I ! I Current I I Rename I I Clea! All I I OK I e,",,1 I I. ""p I Hlnh 6-1: I !(Jp tho<.li "Lllyer Control". 2" Thaw Unlock II Off II Freeze II lock ' IrbW!~ Irhw!~ Set Color Set Ltype 6.3. Lj):NH DDEMODES Entity Creation Modes L¢nh nay dimg de d~t mati sac, l&p, ki<~u dUOng net, kieu c hG' , el l) cao (Elevasion) vv thOn g qua I h9P tho<.li. * Cach gQi l~nh DDEMODES tlr Menu. Screen Menu > SETTING> dde.modes * Go I ¢n h Ill: ban phfm: Command: ddemod es H QP tho~i xuat hi ~n nhl1 hlnh 6-3. I. ~'lor J. BYLAYER 1 Layer J 0 1 Linetype ] BYLAYER 1 Text Style jlTALICT flevation: 1 0.0000 Ihickness: 10.0000 OK I C.ncelj I. He!!,,,. ] J-IInh 6·}: !I(Jp thO<.1l "Entity Creation Modcs'~ 69 CHuaNG 7 KHOI vA THUQC TiNH 7.1. KH6I (BLOCK) 7.1.1. Kluil ni~m Block Block (kh6i) la t~p hqp eua cae yl!u t6 ve rieng bi¢t dUQ'c nhom l~i thanh mN d6i tuqng ve va duqc d~t ten. Vai ten Block da d~t ta co the chen Block vao bat ky V! tff n~1O tren ban ve. Trong khi chen (Insert) b~n co th~ ph6ng to, thu nho va xoay di m<)t goc llly y. M~t khac khi dung Block chen vao ban ve, b~ giam duQ'c dang ke kich thuoc File ban ve (ACAD chi them mQt nguyen th~ khi chen m¢t Block). 'M¢t ban vi! phuc t'.lP b<;tn co the' phan fa thanh cae d6i tuqng ve rieng bi¢t va t<;to thanh cae Blocks, bien t~p chung thanh ban ve ho~m chinh. Ngoai ra ta co the: dinh nghia Block til cae d6i tuqng tren him vi! hi¢n thai, ho~c tll ban ve da co tmac. Cho nen h<,ln co th~' t<.to fa m¢t thu vi¢n rieng cae hloh vi! ma.ll (nhu Iii: clra, bulOng, mll 6c, vong hi, van vv ) va sau nay chen chung vilO bim ve. 7.1.2. Lenh BLOCK L¢nh BLOCK de: 4.0 ra m¢t kh6i til nhom cac ytu t6 tren ban ve hi¢n .co. * Cach gQi l~nh .BLOCK tit Menu: ~ , . Screen Menu> Block Menu Bar > CONSfRUcr > Block * Go l~nh til ban phtm: Command: block Block name (or 7): <cho ten kh6i> COn neu b~n dap "?" thl ACAD dua ra danh sach ten cac khai da duqc djnh nghia trong ban ve. Sau khi cho ten khai ACAD nhac nha ti€p: Insertion base point: <cho die:m co sa de sau nay chen vao bim ve> Select object: <chQn cac d6i tuqng de nhom vao mQt kh6i> Sau khi vi¢c chQn' doi tuqng k€t thuc (Enter), hlnh ve clm cac d6i tuqng duqc chQn se ma't di. Blpl muon ph\lc h6i chung hay dung l~nh OOPS: Command: oops 7.1.3. Lenh INSERT L¢nh nay dung M chen mQt Block vao oon ve ~i V! trt can thiet, theo ty l~ va goc xoay lily y. Ngoai ra b'.ln co the dua vao duang dAn tai mQt t~p ban vi! (.DWG) d~ chen bim ve do nhu mQt Block vao bim ve hi¢n thai. 70 * each gQi l¢nh BLOCK. tir Menu: ,-~ , Screen Menu> Block Menu Bar > CONSlRUcr > Block * G5 l~nh tir ban phfm: Command: insert Block name (or ?): <cho t~n kb6i, bo~c ? xem danb sacb t~n cac kh6i> Insertion point: <cho diSm cben, no cilng la tam xoay> Xscale factor<l>jComer/XYZ:' <cbo ty I~ pbuang X> Y scale factor<X>: <cbo ty l~ pbuang Y> Rotation angle<O>: <cho goc xoay khi dien> Neu b<;tn dap dong nhac "Xscale factor<l>jComer/XYZ:" bAng g5 "C", ACAD cbo pbep b<;tn cbl ra 2 dinb elm blnb chu nb~t, rna dinb tbu 2 la di~m cben, 2 q,nb X,Y Iii. ty I~ cben tbeo pbuang X va Y. Ol(;m "XYZ" tren dong nbAc "Xscale factor< l>jComer/XYZ:" chi dung d€: cben 1 Block duqc ve trong 3 chi~u (3D). Chli. (hich: Ncu hl;lIl cho ty I~ chen phL10ng X,Y la s6 am, Ihl nh~n uL10c hlnh chen vao Sf' d6i xUng gL1rmg voi hlnh g6c (hlnh 7-1)_ 7.1.4. qnh INSERT vOi dau " Xsca[e :::: I Yscale =1 HlOh 7·1 Xscalc == ·1 Ysca[e"" I M¢l kboi (Block) da djnh nghia, ACAD xcm no nbu m¢t d6i tuqng dan -(nguyen tbe). Cho nen kbi b':ln cbon m¢t yeu to trong khoi tbi ca kh6i duqc cbQn. Do do b<;in kbOng tbe: tbay doi rieng ti:rng yeu to trong kboi duqc. Neu b~n muon cben m¢t Block rna vAn duy tel duqc SI! rieng bi~t cac yeu t6 trong do, b,:!n bay d~t dau "*,, vao truac ten kb6i. Vi dl,J: chen kb6i ten la "V it" vao ban ve de sua, ta la.m nbu sau: Command: Block name(or?): Insertion point: Scale factor<I>: Rotation angle<O>: insert * vit <cbo di~m cben vao> <cbo ty J¢> <cbo goc quay> 7.1.5. EXPLODE (phon ra m(it khiiij Neu b~n da cben m¢t kboi vao ban ve boi J¢nh Insert r6i rna b<:tn I~i muon tbay d6i d.c yeu t6 rie'ng trong kb6i do tbi kb6ng duqc. ACAD cung cap I~nb EXPLODE de: pban ra kboi do ra (k~ cii cac kb6i ~n: kfcb tbuac, g~cb m~t dt ) va da tuyen (Polyline) tbanb d.c yeu t6 dan rieng bi¢t, d.c nguyen tb~. Tir do b~n i':li co tbe tbay d6i, bi~u chinh cbung nbu tbUtmg. Do v*y J¢nb INSERT'*" tuang duang vai 21¢nb INSERT va sau do EXPLODE. * Cacb gQi I~nb EXPLODE tir Menu: , ~ Screen Menu> EDIT> Explode Menu Bar > MODIFY > Ex pI ode * G5 l~nb tir ban pbim: Command: explode Select block reference or Polyline: <cbQn Block, Polyline pblln ra> Chli. y: + L¢nh E~PLODE chi thi himh moi I~n mot muc. Tue Iii Ileu Block chua Polyline thl Explode Ian Ihu- 71 nhflt, Block se ph&n ra thanh Polyline va cae y~u t6 dan khac; Dung Explode Ian thu hai thi Polyline mai phun ra thanh cae dOl:ln thimg, cung {ron ri~ng bi~L + L¢nh EXPLODE kh6ng eo lac d~ng d6i vai mt)1 kh6i uu'crc chen vai eae ty I¢ X, Y, Z kha.e nhau. 7.1.6. L~nh BASE Neu b<;ln muon chen bim ve hi¢n thdi van m()t bim ve khac sau do thl b:~m can chi ra diim C{/ sa dt co tht si'r dl;lng I¢nh Insert sau do. Command: base Base point: <cho ditm co sit> Neu b':ln kh6ng cho diem co sa thl ACAD se coi di~m (0,0,0) Iii diem co sa. 7.1.7. L~nh MINSERT L¢nh nay tuong duang vai hai I¢nh Insert va Array Rectangular. * Cach gQi l¢nh MINSERT til Menu: . Screen Menu> BLOCK/ DRAW> Minsert * Go I¢nh til ban phlm: Command: minsert VI d~ dvai day minh hQa each dung l~nh nay: (hlnh 7-2) Command: Minsert Block name(or ?):. vit Insertiopn point: PI Xscale factor<l>/CornerjXYZ: .J Y scale factor<=X>: .J 30 Rotation angle<O>: .J Pl~ / Number of raws<. >: 2 <eho s6 h~mg> Number of Columns<. >: 4 <eho s6 c()t> Hlnh 7-2 Unit cell or distance between raws: 30 <khoimg dch cac hang> Unit cell or distance between Columns: 30 <khoang cach dc c(?t> Chu y: Khong the dung dau "*,, veri J¢nh MINSERT. 7.2. THUOe TiNH eVA KH6I (ATTRIBUTE) Co nhUng kh6i chi Hi hlnh ve, nhlmg co nhUng kh6i can co d. cac ghi chu v6 cac thuQc tinh du6i d':lng Text (Attribute). MQt Attribute co the chua cae thong tin cua khoi nhu la gia ca, d~c tinh ky thu~t, s6 hi¢u, vi).t Ii¢u, s6 luqng, c6ng Sutlt, noi si'm Xutlt hlnh 7-3 13 mQL vi d~l kh6i mang thuQc tinh. 7.2.1. Lenh ATTDEF (Attribute Definition) L¢nh nay dimg d~ djnh nghla mQt thuQc t1nh (Attribute) cho kh6i, xac djnh dong van ban gQi ia the thUflC linh (Attribute Tag). 111e thuQc tlnh nay cluqc Itru trong kh6i nhu mQt doi tuqng ella khoi. The thuQc t1nh duqc chen dmg vai Block vao ban ve. 72 DI. 3366 rS 17 Hinh 7-3 • each g9i l~nh ATIDEF til Menu: Scfeen Menu> BLOCK / DRAW> Attdef '" G6 l¢nh til ban phtm: Command: attdef Attribute modes - Invisible:N Constant:N Verify:N Preset:N Enter (ICVP) to change, RETURN when done: B~n dap dong nhac do bai cae tuy ch9n: + I : khong hi~n gia tr~ thu¢C tloh fa mall hloh khi chen kh6i. + C : gan tflIOc 1 gia. tr~ c6 d~nh eua thu¢C tioh khi kh6i duqc ch~n. + V (Verify): xac d~nh sl! thay d6i thu9C tioh trong khi chen kh6i. + P (Preset): khOng nhac nha cho vao gia tr~ thu(lc Hoh khi chen kh6i, rna ACAD tt! d(lng lAy gia tf! m~c dioh. Sau khi ChQll mode(l, C, V, P) b"n fin Enter se hi¢n fa dong nhac tiep theo 13: Attribute tag: <cho ten the thuQC tfoh> Attribute prompt: <dua vao dong nhac khi chen kh6i> . Default attribute value: <cho gia tT! m~c dinh ella thu¢c Hoh> ~ N€u a tren b:~n d~t mode Constant~ON thi. dong nh~c cu6i nay thay bang "Attribute, ',value:" . 7.2.2. ~nh ATTDISP 4nh nay cho phep b~n thay d6i tlnh tr~ng th~y (ON) hay :In di (OFF) cua thuQc tfnh fa manhlnh. • each g9i l~nh ATIDISP til Menu: ,r-'-Sc-re-en-M-e-n-u->-D-I-S-P-LA-Y->-A-U-d-is-p-,-' • GO l~nh t~ ban phfm: Command: attdi~p Normal/ON/OFF < ••• >: + N: thuQc tfnh hi¢n fa blnh thuimg,tM Ithi trtldti &l b\", dung Invisible + ON: dll'a Attribute ra mlln hinh. ''''', ','. ~ ~ . + OFF: lam an Attribute di. -'.' " 7.2.3. ~nh ATTEDIT 4nh nay dung di so~n thAo, Slm chila Attnbute cw.~ .e. • each g9i l¢nh ATI'EDIT tit Menu: , ~~-, Screen Menu> EDIT > Attedit '" G6 l¢nh til ban phim: Command: Attedit Edit attributes one at a time<Y>: <Y: Sua timg thuQc tinh, N: SUa chung> eM thich: B~n c6 the sua th~c tinh thOng qua h~p thol;li bAng l~nh DDATIE. 7.2.4. DDATTEF Bl,\n thong qua h(lp thol,\i bang canh g9i l~nh nay d~ dinh nghia thu(lc tfnh. H(lp thol,\i hi~n fa nhll' tr~n hlnh 7-4. 73 . di (OFF) cua thuQc tfnh fa manhlnh. • each g9i l~nh ATIDISP til Menu: ,r-'-Sc-re-en-M-e-n-u->-D-I-S-P-LA-Y->-A-U-d-is-p- ,-& apos; • GO l~nh t~ ban phfm: Command: attdi~p. Continious Dashed Hidden Center Phantom Dot Dashdot Border Divide ' - -~ -& apos; _ Hinh 6-1 • Go I~nh til ban phfm: Command: LineType ? lere.te/Lo.d/Se!: Dap cac. - Red (dO) '. '.' "'5'BI''''i(~;U;h iniac billn) . H ,.,~ -& apos;l . 2 - Yellow (Witg)6: .~¢nla·(h6ng canh'sen) 3 -