Dar de Iva ch<;m: + $: cat m!)t dinh d<;lng viewport v6i ten bi.1ll d(lt d~ si'r d~lllg v6 sau. + R: dlra ra Ill!)t viewport cia luu. + D: xoa di viewport dang 1m\, + S: t<.t0 mQt viewport don. + ?: hi~n danh sach cac viewport dang hm~t d(>ng va V·! trf eLla chung. + 2,3,4: t~o ra 2 ,3 hay 4 viewports k~ nhau lien tiep. Chli y: Khi c6 nhieu vit:.w(XJns Iren man hlnh, b'.lIl chi c6th':: lam vi¢c lrcn lUng viewpon mit Ih6i I nnh 9-13 lit man hlnh duqc 140 vai ~ viewporls ke nhau btlllg l¢nh VPORT , Ll;.NH MVIEW L¢nh nay eOng dung de t<.lo cae khung nhln d(>og(Floating viewports), de: b~t/t~t cae viewports, Ih~re hi~n vi¢e giau cae duemg khl!at tren viewport khi in tren kh6ng ginn 't,' - gl<ly ve. Cae viewports t<,to ra bang l¢nh nay eo d~e diem: ACAD eoi dc viewports n~ly nhu la cac nguyen the: ve ella n6, do d6 b"m co the: I,-~o vii hi¢u ehinh cae vicwp0rls a V! trf tLIY y, cac vicwports co th~ eham Jen nhau. Ngtrai la IJurong dtlng J¢nh MVJEW t<,IO ciie khllng nhln d(>ng de: t~o hlnh chieu dung, hlnh ehicu bang, hlnh chieu c1.ll1h va hinh chieu 3D ella v~t the:; Sal! do dung J~nh ZOOM v6'i Iy J¢ bt.ng nhau d~ co Ueh thu6'c wO'ng (rng gifra ba hinh chieu; tiep t~e dLl1lg I¢nh MVSETUP vai I~ra chqn Align chi hi~u chrnh vi trf cac hinh chieu dllllg duang gi6ng vai nhau. CluJng dl(q'e in ra nhu HI Tl1(>1 nhom Irong kh6ng gian gia"y ve (Pspace), I '" -C9.DDe 15:48 IIlnh 9·14: Dung J¢nh MVmW 1,.10 de Vicwports Illy 9. 9U ~nh MVIEW chi th~c hi?n khi dill biEn TlLEMOD I. OPP(O). * each gQi l¢nh MVIEW tir menu: 0 , Menu bar> Mview Screen menu> Mview , Go l¢nh tu b~m phfm: Command: mview ON/OFF/Ridepiot!Fitl2/3/4IRestore/<First point>: Dap cae l",a ch<;m: + ON/OFF: b~t/t:il viewport . + H: khi in se bi> cae duang khu5t tren cae viewport.s bl:.lll chQn. + F: tl:.lO mQt viewport vi'ra khir man hloh. + 2/3/4: tl:.lo 2, 3 hay 4 viewports tren man hloh. + R: dua m¢t viewport da hru fa man h'inh. + Dap m~c d,nh: cho diem goc thu nhAt ella viewport, sau do cho diem thu 2 Iii dinh d6i di~n ella viewport. Hinh 9-14 1a 3 viewport.s tuy '9 duqc tl:.lO fa bi1i l¢nh MVIEW. 9.3. Mt). T PRANG co s6 (CP) TRONG VE 3D M~t ph~ng co SfJ (Base plane) hay m~t ph.ing kien tl:.lo (Construction Plane) HI. cae m~t ph~ng dung lam co sa xac d!nh cae diem ella ~t tM' (day tf1;l, day n6n, ml)t m~t ben ella kh6i hl}p. m¢t ll1~t ph~ng nghieng ella v~t the vv ). M~t philng co sa (CP) thuemg dung de X3.c d~nh ml}.t tQa d<,? XY ella hi} tQa ~ nguCri dung UCS khi nh~p cac diem trong 3D. M6i khi thl!C hi¢n m~t l~nh ve 3D rna can nh~p vao 1- diem, se xu""t hi¢n dong nhac nhu . vi dl,l sau: Command: solcone (ve kh6i hlnh non) Baseplane/Ellipical/<Center poin><O,O,O>: B <de Iflp m~t phllng co sa day non> Baseplane by Entity/ Last! Zaxis/ View/ XY/YZ/ZX/<3 points>: Dap cac ll!a ch(;m tren: + E: thiet l~p m~t ph.ing co sa trimg vui m~t philng cung tron, phan do~ polyline da ro. + L: tn1 l~i m~t phllng ·co sil ngay tHroc do. - + Z: dinh m~t phllng co sa m6'i song song v6i m~t cu, nhung nling len de.') cao z. + V: d~t m~t ph~ng co sa vuOng g6c v6'i tia nhln, din nh*p diem g6c. + XY: d~t m~t philng co sa /I v(ri m~t phang XY cuah~ UCS. + YZ: d~l m~t phiing ca sa //vo; m~t ph~ng YZ ciiah~ ues. + ZX: d~l m~l phling ca sa // vo; m~l plr.lng ZX cila h~ Ues. + Dap m~c dinh: xac dinh m~t phAng co-~a b~ng 3 d:i~m: 1 st point on plane: cho diem thu nn!{t 13. g6c . 2nd point on plane: cho dio!m thli 2 lUic clinh.hllOng dU(I!lS tf1!c x. 3rd point on pliJne: cho diem thu 3 d.c dinh hu6ng duang t~c y. Chu y: B<:ln nen dung O~nap Mode." de cho CDC diem cho nhanh vA chinh xac. 91 CHUONG 10 cAc LENH VE DUONG vA MAT 3D . . Tie-t nay gi6i thi¢u each vi! trong 3D ella cae polyline, m~t khung (wirefram), m~t (surfaces), m~t ke LI;;NH3DPOLY Vnh nay vi! polyline 3D g6m ca.c phan do'.lo thAng. * each g<;>i l¢nh tit menu: r M-en-u-b-a-r ->-D-r-a-w->-P-o-Iy-I-ine > 3D ] Screen menu> Surfaces> 3D poly * Go l~nh til ban phfm: Command: 3dpoly From point: Vi¢:c thl!c hi¢:n tiep thea lUang ti! nh112Dpolyline. Vi d~: (hinh 10·1) Command: 3dpoly From point: 7, 51, 0 <cho PI, dan vi Iamm> Oose/Undo/<Endpoint of line>: 67.131,50 <1'2> Oose/Undo/<Endpoint of line>: 97,151,20 ~ <1'3> Oose/Undo/<Endpoint of line>: 150,44,0 <1'4> Oose/Undo/<Endpoint of line>: 87,-9,-50 <1'5> Oose/Undo/<Endpoint of line>: C .J Ghi eM: Po mnh 10-1 - Da tuycn 3D cung co the hi¢u chinh gi6ng nhU da tuye'n 20 boi l¢nh PEDIT - ACAD.rl3/rJ4 cothern l¢nh SPLINE d6 ve <luemg cong xOlln 3D. LENH3DFACE r.¢nh nay t~o ra m¢t m~t bao g6m cac mtf.t pluing ke' nhau 3 chitu, m6i dinh c6 t<;>a d¢ x,Y,z kM.c nhall. 92 VI d~: (hinh 10-2) Command: 3dface First point: 80,180,0 Second point: 200,250,40 Third paint: 250,100,80 Fourth point: I .J 130,-20,-50 <di~m-Pl, dan v~ 180 mm> <P2> <P3> (Invisible-ve qnh ti€p thea khOng tha'y) <P4> Third point: ?ourth point: Third point: 80,180,0 < P5=PI> I .J 250,100,80 < P6 = P3> .J Chli thich: 'Bi~n SPLFRAME di).t Iii I, cae c:.mh eua 3DFACE deu hien thj ra di b:.m co thi SO!;III thao nhlt m~t 3DFACE e6 cae e~nh deu thay. L1~.NH 3DMESH L¢nh nay t'.lO fa mt!t lum kh6ng gian g6m M hang va N ct')t. Chn y r~ng cae dinh co the cho tQa dt') z tuy y . • Vi du: (hlnh 10-3) Command: 3dmesh Mesh M size: 4 Mesh N size: 3 Vertex(O,O): 80,70,80 <dan vi mm> Vertex(O, I): 80,110,85 Vertex(0,2): 80, 160,80 Vertex(l,O): 120, 70, 85 Vertex (I , I): 120, 110,80 Vertex(I,2): 120, 160,70 Vertex(2,0): 180, 70, 80 Vertex(2,1): 180,lfo,.85 Vertex(2,2): 180, 160,90 Vertex(3,0): 240, 70, 90 Vertex(3,1): 240, llO, 85 Vertex(3,2): 240, 160,75 Vertex(3,3): .J L1;NH PFACE P2r ___ _ __ ~P3-P6 moh 10-2 P4 3,2) (2.2 3,1 ) (3,0) (0,0) Hloh 10-3 L¢nh PFACE dung de t~o cac m{lng lum cua cac da gwc 3 chieu (3D polygon mesh). B~n phai xac d!nh m6i dinh va m6i m~t cua cac da giac. Vi d~: (hlnh 10-4) Command: pface Vertex I: 90,70,0 <dinh I> Vertex2: 70,140,50 Vertex3: 170,50,100 Vertex4: 220,170,70 Vertex5: J Facel, Vertex1: 1 Face I, Vertex2: 2 Face I, Vertex3: 3 Facel, Vertex4: 4 Facel, Vertex5: .J Face2, Vertex 1: 1 Face2, Vertex2: 3 Face2, Vertex3: .J Face3, Vertex 1: 2 P4 PO H'ioh 10.4 93 Face3. Vertex2: 4 Face3. Vertex3: 1 Face3. Vertex4: .J Ghi chu: Cac m~t IWi da giac 3D mesh, pface co thi hi¢u chlnh boi I¢nh PEOn: L~NH TAB SURF Tabsurf (Tabulated Surface) la l¢nh t'.l-o mij.t tr~ vai mN dU'Ong chuAn va m¢t dU'Ong th&ng vec to dinh hU'ang dU'Ong sinh t~. Command: tabsurf Select path curve: <B<.lfl chQn dU'Cmg chuftn C> Select direction vector: <aWn dU'Cmg thfing lam vec to hU'Cmg dU'Ong sinh s> CM y: + Vec to d,nh hUOng e6 g6c ia mut ella do~n thang g.1n diem b~n eh9n. + DuOng thang vec to d,nh huang cho trong 3D. + Bl,ln c6 thi d6i m~t d¢ cac duang sinh bang bien SURFTABl, SURFTAB2. Hinh 10-5 la VI du ve cac mat trl! voi cae dU'Cmg chua~ c va hU'an·g dU'Cmg sinh s boi l¢nh TABSURF trong 3D. L~NH RULESURF L~nh RULESURF (Ruled Surface) de tao miit kJ bdng each cho dU'mtg thfing ·(dU'mtg sinh) di Hinh 10-5 chuyen trtn 2 dU'Ong khac trong khOng gian (gQi la dU'Ong chuan). Hai dU'Ong chuan co the la dU'Cmg cong. dU'Cmg thing, co the ph~ng hay ghenh. Command: Select first defining curve: Select second defining curve: ChUy: + Ca 2 duO'ng chuan phai ctmg la dong kIn, hortc cung ho. M¢t trong 2 dUOng chuan c6 the 13 1 di~m. + Thay d6i m~t d¢ c~k dUang sinh bang cae bi€n nhu trong l¢nh TABSURF. Hinh 10-61a VI du ve cac mat ke bilng l~nh RULESURF. . L~NH REVSURF (Surface of Revolution) L¢nh nay de t~o m{lt tron xoay dung mQt dll'Cmg lam dll'Ong sinh va m¢t dU'Cmg tha.ng lam trl!c xoay. Command: revsurf Select path curve: <chQn m¢t dttOng lam dU'Cmg sinh> 94 rulesurf <chQn dU'mtg chua.n c 1 >. <chQn dU'Cmg chmln c2> Hinh 10-6 Select axis of revolution: <ch<;m tfl;1c xoay> Sta.;t angle<O>: <cho gOc ban dlu lam g6c xoay> Included angle(+=CCW, -_CW)<Full circle>: <cho g6c,xoay> mnh 10-71a VI dl,l t<,Lo cac m~t tron xoay boi I¢nh REV SURF. Hlnh 10-7' Li;,NH EDGESURF (Edge defined surface) ~nh nay \<;10 m~t m~t luoi d\,fa tren C(1 so 4 q.nh ta 4 duemg ghep kin voi nhau. Command: edgesurf SelQCt"edge 1: <chQn c~nh 1> SeIec1 edge2:~ch<,ln qnh 2> SeleCt edge3:' <chgn c'lIlh 3> ., Select edge4: <cht;>n qmh 4> Xem vi d1,l trtn hinh 10-8, eM thich: BI,IIl c6 thi! thay d6i mfl,t d¢ \lrai cua m~t b~ng cac bi~n SURFfABl, SURFfAB2. L~NHEI,EV 4nh ELEVchopMp b'lIl nlog,', ' " i d~ cao z (Elev) ban 114Q 16nril!)t gill tri v~ lam nhO len ffi\lt hi! d~y , , ", ,,' , ffmh 10-8 (Thickness) cho dc nguyen the b~n se v! sau do, M~ pbang XY co cao d~ lit 0, d6i nrgng co be day 0 tuc lit khOng nhO len (ph/lOg), d6i nrgng nhO'len ttil: Iii co hi! day duong va ngugc 1<,Li. ' Command: etev New current elevation< >: <b;:m cho cao d~ ban d1.u m(tt gia tr! mob New curent thickness<. >: <cho be day mcri nhO l~n> HinhlO-91a VI dl;l cho d¢ cao ban diu va nAng bt day Itn t~o thanh cac m~t 3D tlr cac nguy~n the 2D. Vi dl,l 1: Ve binh dvng sua nhuhlnh 10-10. HUCmg dan dtroi day siIdl,lng l~nh REVSURF, ELEV vit TIlICKNESS, 95 1- GQi ban ve khOi thuy ra (vi d~ b~n da: covm ten "A4.dwg"), t~o cac lap 2D, 3D, va cho di~m nhin vpoint (1,·1,1). 2· Xlic dinh 1 m~t. phAng kinh tuyen cua binh sila - Command: line. From point: 0,0 (diem A) To point: @0,100 (diem B, hlnh 1O·l\) - Nang Thickneess dllbng AB len 150: Command: change Select objects: <chi vito AB> Properties/<Change point>: P Change what property (Color • Thicknees)? T New thicknees< >: 150 3· Chuyin UCS tell vi tri m~t phang (XY) trung vell m~t phang kinh tuyen do (hlnh 1O·l\) 4· Ve dllimg kinh tuyen (Path Curve) vii tay dim - Hi~n ml.it phclng (XY) song song voi man hlnh de ve dllCmg kinh tuyen (Path curve) va tnJ.c xoay (t). a day dung l~nh PLAN/current ucs. - Dlla lOp 2D ra hi¢n thai. d~t bien FILLMODE=O (kh6ng to den be r(lng pline). dung l~nh PLiNE voi be r(lng width=3 de ve path curve (hlnh 10-12) . . Vi! tay dm b~g I~nh PUNE vai width=6 (btl day tay clim). Sau do dung l~nh CHANGE/ thickness=12 (btl r(lng tay d.m). 96 mnb 10-10 Hinh 10-11 '. 5- Dung I~nh REVSURF t~o blnh trim xoay - Xac djnh s6 dui'mg khung luai: SURFfAB1=32, SURFfAB2=12. - Command: revsurf Select path curve: <chi vao Path curve> Start angle<. >: 0 Include angle<Full circle>: .J - Lam dong(Freeze) liip 2D; chon Vpoint(l,-I,l) va ROTATE3DI goc 60 0 b~n se co blnh sua nhu hlnhlO-lO a tr~n. VI d~ 2: VO nha kh6ng mID nhu hlnh 10-13 duai day. Hu6ng dAn sir d~ng l~nh ve trong 2D, sau do dung I¢nh nang dQ cao z de thilnh d6i tuqng 3D. 1- Mil biin ve khiri thuy da cO, t~o ole liip 2D, 3D 2- Ve m~t Mng ngbi nh. HlohlO-J3 t A' ' B Hlnh 10-12 - Dull lap 2D r. hi¢D thlli, ~tbitn ~Dl!=6 (kit6ng to den be rQng pline), dung l¢nb!'LINE vm be rQng width=4dl eve tui'mg, cQt;eOn cktaiiilAt ttU6r; eira chon be rQng . width=20 ve dQc chi~u ~ng em. (hlnb 10-\4), . '" 3- NAng d(> eao z ehuy~n bin ve 2D .!banb ban ve 3D - Nang d(l cao tulmg va c(lt len 100: Command: elev New current elevation< >: 0 New current thickness< >: 100 - Na.ng d~ cao cae til'm lat dla len 4: Command: elev 97 . g6m ca.c phan do'.lo thAng. * each g<;>i l¢nh tit menu: r M-en-u-b-a-r -& gt;-D-r-a-w->-P-o-Iy-I-ine > 3D ] Screen menu> Surfaces> 3D poly * Go l~nh til ban. (hlnh 1 0-1 2) . . Vi! tay dm b~g I~nh PUNE vai width=6 (btl day tay clim). Sau do dung l~nh CHANGE/ thickness =12 (btl r(lng tay d.m). 96 mnb 1 0-1 0 Hinh 1 0-1 1 '. 5- Dung I~nh. de thilnh d6i tuqng 3D. 1- Mil biin ve khiri thuy da cO, t~o ole liip 2D, 3D 2- Ve m~t Mng ngbi nh. HlohlO-J3 t A' ' B Hlnh 1 0-1 2 - Dull lap 2D r. hi¢D thlli,