+ OSI/ap t(rc 111m: hf}l1 co the dung OSNAPMODE ttk Ihoi (1 Mn) blmg dch h[im phim chuQt giua (3) hay lin phrm Shift+Niim chui)t phili (2) lie Kunt hi¢n Menu dlUt)1 de: b,.Ul ch9n OSNAP (hlnh 2-15). B,!n cling cOlhe gQi Osnap modes IUC thai b~ng each dung con Ira chi Vll.O 4 dall sao .,****" tren scrcen mcnu. Running Object Snap . Select Settings Drg~ : ~ . p : QI~:~! 0 In~ertion o Midpoint 0 Eerpendicular o ~enter 0 langent o Node D Ne1l.rest o Quadrant 0 Oyick: o !ntersection Aperture Size Min Max Ii! 13 o OK I Cancel I_Help I Hinh 2-14 Assist" Qraw ~onstruct ~enter Endpoint In.§.ert intersection Midpoinl Ne~rest No~e EerpendiculllT .Quadrant langent None Hinh 2-15 • Con tr6 trong I~nh OSNAP la 6 vuong (Tagct box) d~ chon d6i lttqng \'e de dang. B<:tn co tht ditu chinh to nhc, bang I~nh APERTURE, ho~c chinh phim Min-Max Iren h~p tho~i hinh 2-14; ho~c go: Command: aperture Ojecl SIl<lP tagel size: <I -50 pixels>: • Sau day Iii mQt VI dl,l di:1Il1? I~nh OSNAP/CEN d~. viS mQt clLrOng th~ng III tam 0 duemg tron vii vuong goc v&i duong thrlllg III di:l cho (hlnh 2-16): Command: From point: Of: To point: To: m 26 line CEN <bilt tfun 0 clh dUOng tron> <chi vao dUCmg tron> PER <b&t chan dlfong vuong g6c tn~n m> <chi vao dtCOng thAng m> o Hinh 2-16 CHUONG3 cAc L~NH BIEN T~P vA TRA c(tu Trong khi t~o l~p ban ve b~ thuOng xuy~n phai bien t~p: dy xoa, ph~c h6i d6i tuqng bi xoa, dich chuyen, quay, thu ph6ng, !tty d6i xUng. sao chep, hi¢u chloh cae d6i tUq£1g ve, va d.c l¢nh tra cUu (Inquiry) ve d.c dG' li¢u (mAD, lOp, dQ ri?ng net. ), khoang each, di¢n tich, vv nhtrng muon HUn dieu do vi¢c d~u tien AutoCAD doi hoi h<.m phai Iva chQn d6i tuqng (Select Object). 3.1. CHON DOl TlfONG (SELECT) . . * each g<?i l¢nh SELECr tll Menu: , ~~~-, Screen Menu> EDIT> Select Menu Bar> EDIT> Select * GO l¢nh tir b~m phim: Command : select .J Select object: B;;m co the ch(;m d6i tuqng de bien t~p hay tfa cUn bang cae each sao : + Chi di~m: b~n dung con chuQt chi vao d6i tUqTlg cAn chQn reli ohlin phim trAi chuQt, c(i.ng co the: vao tQa dQ ella diem thUi)C d6i tm;mg do. + ALL: chQn tilt ca nhiing hloh co trong ban ve. + Last: chQn d6i nrqng vila ve xong . + Previous: chQn cac d6i nrqng vita chQn tnt6'c do. + Window: chQn cac d6i tuqng n~m IQt trong clla sO chu nh;}t .ma b~ xAc dinh. + Crossing: ch<;>;n d.c d6i tU'gng rna m¢t ciIa 56 ehlia ho~c cit ngang qua chung. + WPolygon: chuc nang nay gi6ng window chi khAc la elra 56 do b~ .4-0 ra la hlnh da giAc. + Cpolygom gi6ng nhu Crossing, chi khAc l3. eua sO ~ t<;10 ra la mQt da giac. + Undo: di! b6 di d6i tuQllg vira ch90. + Remove: khi chQn nhieu d6i tuqng rna muon 10<;li bo mQt d6i tuqng nao do ta ehQn R ·sau dong nhac "Select object:" va ACAD nhile b<;ln chQn d6i tl1qng dn gO- 00: "Remove objects:". + Add: tat che dQ "Remove", co the tiep tl,le chQn them d6i tl1qng. + Frece (hang rao): chinh ta t<;1o m¢t dl1Cmg Polygon hO', rna rtlQi d6i tl1qng rna n6 ca.t qua se dUQ'c ehQn. cae d6i tl1qng dl1qc ehQn se rna di. B<;1n mu6n ket thoe vi~c chQn d6i tuqng hay lin ENTER, hay nba y phim phiii ehuQt, ho~e go NULL. 3.2.TAYXOA '" ERASE: dy xoa mQt hay nhieu d6i tl1qng ve. 27 * each gc;>i l~nh ERASE til Menu: , , * Go l~nh- tu ban phim: Command: Screen Menu> EDIT> Erase Menu Bar > MODIFY > Erase erase Select object: <chqn d6i tuqng cAn tay x6a> ChB y: L¢nh OOPS dung d~ khOi phl,l-c l{li d6i tuqng dti bj x6a bi'1i J¢nh ERASE (m(lc du c6 dung dc l¢nh vi! kMc,sau khi era.o;e). Ngoru m l¢nh OOPS oon &: lam hi¢n l~j de d6i tU(}Ilg bi mA:t di sau khi ~o BLOCK. Command: oops . BREAK: ngM b6 di I philn d6i tlTgng ve. * Oich gqi l¢nh BREAK tu Menu: ,-~ , Screen Menu> EDIT> Break Menu Bar > MODIFY > Break >1= Go l¢nh tit ban phim: Command: break Select object: <chi vao diem dau do~n dn x6a> Enter second point (or F for first point): <chi vao diem thu 2 cua do~n can xoa, ho~c go F de chqn l~i diem dt\u sau d6ACAD nhac b~n chc;>n diem cuoi>. Vi d1,l duai day m6 ta qua tdnh thl!C hi~n l¢nh BREAK: • ' / L":::; J - H'inh g6e ctH;m d6i trn;mg Da-nh dlfu 2 diem X6a doI!fi PIP2 Hiob 3·1 Chu y: Khi dung J¢nh BREAK dt x6a I cung tren dubrlg trim. bl:Ul c4:n cM y pMn cung hi x6a thee chi~\J ngU~ chi~u quay kim d6ng h6. Do v~y ~ ph<ii chu Y ChQR dian dJiu va diem cu6i cho do~ c&I x6a. vi dl,!- dum dQy, tren dmg m¢t dubrlg tron, ntu chc;m dibn dliu PI va diim cu6i Pl nhu hlnh 3-2a thl cung PIPl phfa tren bj x6a; 0'10 chc;m Pl, Pl nhu hlnh "3-2b Ihl. coog PIPl phia dum hi x6a. P2 PI + PI + P2 HiDh 3-2 28 TRIM Ch~t tia do~n thua ella d6i tuqng ve bdi cae c~nh dao dt (edge). :I: each gQi l¢nh lRIM til Menu: r ~ Screen Menu> EDIT> Trim Menu Bar > MODIFY > T-rim * Go l¢nh tu ban phi'm: Command: trim Select cutting edge(s) Select objects: <chQn cae dUOng Hlm qmh cAt> <Select object to trim>/Undo: <chQn do~n thua d.n cat di> Vf du duUi day m6 til qua trlnh dung l~nh TRIM (hlnh 3-3). lfinh g6c. ell9n duimg qmh cat(PI) a.i vao d~n thtra cdn dit(Pl,P2) Hloh 3-3 -t Ket qua. ~ co the chQn chinh duemg c<;tnh dt la d6i tUl;1I1g d.o cAt bo, nhu VI dl;l sau da.y: Hinb g6c 3.3. DItN HINH MOVE Oll;m qnb eM b~ng Crossing Hlnb 3-4 PO P P3 P4 elli vao dOl.ln thtta cAn cit J L Kl!t qua. L¢nh MOVE de eli chuyen cac d6i tuQllg tUi vi trf loMc m~ loh6ng thay dOi huang va kfch thu6c ella chung . • Qich gQi l~nh MOVE tu Menu: , , * Go l~nh tir b~m phfm: Command: Screen Menu> EDIT> Move Menu Bar > MODIFY > Move move Select object: <chQn d6i tuqng d.o di chuyen> <cho diem co so, ho~c kho3.ng c3.ch dichuyen> Base poi,Dt or displacement: Second point of displacement: <cho diem dich t6i> 29 COpy 4nh nay de sao chep cae d6i tuqrtg Wi vi trl maio No gi6ng l~nh MOVE, chi ~hac Iil d6i tugng ell vAn gift nguy~n . • Glcb gQi I~nb COpy Ilr Menu: , , Screen Menu> EDIT > Copy Menu Bar > CONSIRUcr > Copy * GO l¢nh llr ban phim: ROTATE Command: copy Select object: <chqn d6i tuqng ciin sao chep> < Base point or displacement>/Multiple: <cho diem cd sa, ho~c khoang each di chuy~n, n~u b~n chQn M HI. sao chep thanh ohieu ban> Second point of displacement: <cho diim dich Wi ho~c a'n Enter> L¢nh ROTA1E dung de quay d6i tm;mg vi! quanh m~t diem Cd sil. * Glcb gQi I~nb ROTATE Ilr Menu: , , Screen Menu> EDIT> Rotate Menu Bar ; MODIFY > Rotate * Go l¢nh tiI ban phim: Command: rotate Select object: Base.point: . <Rotation Angle>/Reference: <ChQfl d6i tuqng can xoay> <cho diem tam xoay> <cho g6c xoay, hay ch(;m R de cho gOc tham khao sau do cho gOc m6'i> Chti y goc xoay duang Hi ngu«;JC chieu quay kim d6ng h6 va nguqc l~i. V( d~ dum day cbo g6c xoay I. 45 d¢ (blnb 3-5). Hinh g6c Olqn d6i tttqng xoay b~g W. Chqn diim co sO. Kt"t qua. mnh 3~5 SCALE L¢nh SCALE dung d~ ph6ng to ho~c thu nho d6i hlqng vi! theo ca 2 chieu x,y v6i cung m¢t ty l¢. N~u d6i tlJqDg da: dlJqc ghi kfch thlJt'1c thi sau khi SCALE. kich thlJac mai se W d¢ng cilkp nhilkt v~o. 30 * C8ch gQi l¢nh SCALE tu Menu: r ;Sc:-re-e-n-=M:-:-en-u->-=E=D=IT= >-=Sc=-a"C}e ' Menu Bar > MODIFY > Scale >l< Go l¢nh tu ban phim: Command: scale Select object: <chQn doi tuqng de scale> Base point: <cho diem cO' sCi> <Scale factor>/Reference: Di dap dong nba.c nay. b(~.n cho 1 so duang 100 han 1 di ph6ng to, n~u cho so duang be han 1 se thu nho d6i tuqng. N~u b~n d8.p R nghia la b~ dung ty l¢ tham khao sau do cho ty l¢ maio Hinh 3-6 mO ta qua tdnh thao l<lc l¢nh SCALE: Hinh g6c 0l9n d6i htqng scale STRETCH 010 diem co so Hioh 3-6 \; Klt qua. L¢nh STRETCH de keo dan 1 ph~n cua d6i hlnh ve fa rna vAn noi v6i hlnh cu . • each gQi l¢nh STRETCH til" Menu: r ~ , Screen Menu> EDIT> Stretch Menu Bar > MODIFY > Stretch • GO l¢nh tit ban phim: Command: stretch Select object to stretch by window or polygon: <chQn d6i tuqng di stretch bang cua s6 ho~c da giac> Base point or displasement: <cho diem cO' sCi> Second point of displacement: <cho di~m dich tm, ho~c khoang each dOi> Du6'i day la vi dl,) minh hQa cac buCJc dung l¢nh stretch dt keo phAn cung tron clla hlnh vo til diem PI tOi P2 (hlnh 3-7). ffinh g6c +y ~ Gllm d6i tuqng kio bang Clm sO (C) . Hlnh 3-' ,l'l Y'-P2 l 010 diem PI va P2. K€t qua. eh6 y: V6i I~nh STR.ETcH, khi chQn d6i tuqng iii kw phai dung each ch9n la Window, Crossing, Polygon. MIRROR L¢nh n~y giup b~ ~o nen hlnh d6i )'.ling qua m()t duang thing v6i hlnh da: co, va c6 th~ gift nguyen ho~c xoa hlnh co di . • Oich gQi I~nh MIRROR til Menu: r ~ Screen Menu> EDIT> Mirror Menu Bar > CONSTRUCT > Mirror 31 *' G6 I~nh tu ban phim: Command: Select object: First point of mirIOr line: Second point: Delete old objeet?<N>: mirror <chQn d6i tlIqrtg can Hly d6i xU'ng> <cho diem thtl I cua tr~e d6i xU'ng> <eho diem thtl 2 clla t~c d6i xUng> <trii loi N la khong xoa hinh eu, Y la x6a hinh eu> Duoi day lit vi d~ mb ta cae buoc thuc hien I¢nh MIRROR (hinh 3-8). I I I I P1 LV P2 H'inh g6c Ou;m d6i tlJ'<?Tlg Ch9n trl;lc doi xlmg(PIP2) Ket qua Hlnh 3·8 Chu y: Khi Uly d6i xililg bfing MIRROR cac dong Text tra nen ngu~ so vai hlnh gOc. ACAD dung bien h? thong MIRTEXT( I/O) de di~u khien dong Text c6 d~ng nguq"c. hay kh6ng. De ial!l di~u d6, hf;ln vao thiet I~p bien h~ th6ng SETVAR: . 32 . Screen Menu> SETTING> SETVAR > MirText (0/1) Nell di:it MirText",,1 thl Text se d6i xililg v6i hlnh eli; Mirlht""O dong Text se c6 d,!.ng thL!c nhu h"inh cu. EXTEND L~nh EXTEND de keo dai cae dI1Cmg t6i m~t dI10ng bien (Boundry edge) *' each gQi I~nh EXTEND tir Menu: , *' GO l~nh tU b~m phim: Screen Menu> EDIT> Extend Menu Bar > MODIFY > Extend Command: ·extend Select bo~ndry eP&o(s) Select object: <ch9n duimg bien> <Selecfobject t<> ex1md>/lJndo: <chi vlio eM c~n ke~ diti> <Select object to .extend>/Un<l0:;J Vi d':l sau day chi ra cac buac th\!C hi~n t~ EXTEND, mnh 3-9. P2 PI Hinh goc Ch9n dUOng bien Chi ra mlit citn k.eo dai Kct qwi. Hlnh 3·9 ARRAY B<:Ifl dung l¢nh nay de sao chep d6i tUQ'Ilg thanh I ming g6m nhieu d6i tuqng cung ml)t la.n. Mimg do co the sap xep thanh d~ng chu nh~t (Restangular), hay d~ng hloh tron (Polar). * Oich g4?i I¢nh ARRAY tir Menu: , , Screen Menu> EDIT> Array Menu Bar> CONSIRUcr"> Array * Go l¢nh tir b~m phim: Command: array Select object: <Ch4?ll d6i tuQ'Ilg t~o thanh mang> Restangular or Polar array(RlP)<R>: <b~n dap R hay P> + Nell d;ip R: sao mang chu nMt. ACAD hoi tiep sO' hang, s6 cl)t, khoang ca.ch cae hang, cae c~t la bao nhieu. Ntfu b{lIl cho sO' hang 13. sO' ducmg, thi ACAD se sao cae hang len tn'!n, nguQ'c I~i .cho sO' am thl sao xu6ng dum. B'.lll cho gia tfi ducmg cua d.c cQt thi ACAD se sao cae c¢t sang phai, cho sO' am sao sang tniL Vi d", hlnh 3-10 Restangular or Polar array(R!P)<R.>: R Number of raws< >: 2 Number of columns< >: 4 Unit cell or distance betwen raws: 25 Distance bet wen columns: 30 K~t qua sao mang nhu hinh sau: • o 000 mnh 3-10 <cho s6 hang HI. 2> <cho s6 cQt la 4> <cho khoang each cac hang la 25> <cho kholmg each cac c¢t 111. 30> IDnb 3-11 B~n c6 the ",0 mimg nghieng di m¢t g6c bADg c'ch sit d\Ulg -bien h¢ th6ng SNAPANG trong lenh SETV AR, xem hlnh 3-11- + N€u b~ dap dong nhac P: d~ sao chep mang trOD, va ban th4n dOi ruqrig sao co the kh6ng quay ho~c quay di 1 gOc b<.m mu6n: Restangular or Polar array(R/P)<R>: Center point of array: . Number of itenns: Angle to fil1<360>:- Rotate object as they are copied?<Y>: P <cho tam mang trbn>' <cho s6 d6i tuQllg se sao ra> <cho g6c dien cUy toan mang> <co quay d6i tUQIlg khi sao chep kh6ng YIN 1> DUm day 13. VI dl,l t~o mang tron co s6 d6i tUQIlg <W sao (itenns) 1ii 5, gOc dien day 33 . d¢ng cilkp nhilkt v~o. 30 * C8ch gQi l¢nh SCALE tu Menu: r ;Sc:-re-e-n-=M :-: -en-u-> ;-= E=D=IT= > ;-= Sc=-a"C}e ' Menu Bar > MODIFY > Scale >l< Go l¢nh tu. bang I~nh APERTURE, ho~c chinh phim Min-Max Iren h~p tho~i hinh 2-1 4; ho~c go: Command: aperture Ojecl SIl<lP tagel size: <I -5 0 pixels>: • Sau day Iii mQt VI dl,l. g6c bADg c'ch sit dUlg -bien h¢ th6ng SNAPANG trong lenh SETV AR, xem hlnh 3-1 1- + N€u b~ dap dong nhac P: d~ sao chep mang trOD, va ban th4n dOi ruqrig sao co the kh6ng