• Ctfc c6ch~""h~ 41lm + GO ~Ao'-tQa dQ tuy~t d6i ella diem + GO vllQ tQa dQ hrrmg d6i ella diem + DUng -phim chul)t, tablet chi diem + DUng phim di chuyen tr~n b~m phim + Diing Object snap (bilt d6i tuqng) d~ neo con tro vai d6i tuqng dii ve. Duai day trlnh bay cae each cho diem hang t<;>a d¢ thuang dung trong thi¢'t k€: • T(}a dl) tuy~t d61 T<;>a d¢ tuy~t d6i til tr~ 56 thl!c ella cae t<;>a d¢ x,Y,z so ~Oi gae o. B~n co the bb qua tq s6 z, hie c1y AutoCAD them van gia tri z bang tQa d¢ hi¢n thai Vi d~ : 3, 12.5 (x=3, y=12,5) • T(}a dt) tuong d(j'i TQa d¢ wang d6i Hl tQa d¢ so vOi diem dii chi d!nh truuc do. De cho tQa d¢ tlIang d6i b~n phai them dau @ (At-sign) phfa tnlOc tQa d¢: @X2,Y-2 so vai diem trl16c do (Xl,Yl) lam goc. Vi d1,l: 010 P2: @S.S, -to, n~u diem chi d~nh tnIac dola Pl(lOO, 50), lhi tQa dQ luang d6i do llIang dUo'I1g vai tQa d¢ tuy~t d6i la (105.5, 40). • TiJa dt) clfC tuang dOl TQa d¢ C,!C dlIqc cho biing ban kinh p va g6c quay <po TQa dl) c,!c tlIang d6i dlIqc cho nhlI sau: @ p < <p Vi d1,l: @ 10< 30.5, nghia la p=lO, goc d~nh hlICmg c.p=30030''so voi di~m vira chi d~nh lrU6c do. • T!Ja dt) tr~: vi d1,l cho 8<45, 20 nghia ta p=8, c.p=45° va z=20. • TfJa til! cci'u,: vi d1,l cho 8<'45<30 nghia ia p=8, <p=45° va goc so voi m~t phfuJg (x,y) 11130° . • H~tfJa~ co 2 h~ th6ng toa d~: wes (World Coordinate System) 10 h~ toa d~ tM gi&i bay h~ toa d~ chuiln; h¢ thu hai lit ues (Usre Coordinate System) lit h~ tQa d~ ngum dung "10 ra. + Hf t9a dr) the' gim WCS: la h¢ tQa dt) chmin c6 dinh. Do 1;\ h¢ tQa dl) D~-cac thang g6c, trong d6 tfl:lc 'X nam ngang, trI,lc y thang dUng so v(ri man hinh, con m,.c z vuOng goc voi x,y. M~t ph~ng (xy) dlIqc gQi la mi).t ph1lng kic!n t~o (Constuction Plane), xem hlnh 1-4. y Y(jt pha,q kien tQo Hlob 1-4 Mloh 1-5 10 + H~ f(j(j d¢ IIg/(oi dllllg UCS : H¢ nay do b,!-n tl! t'!-o va co the d~t a bal ky vj 11'1 nao b<;ln mu6n. No giup b~n ve die d6i tlCQl1g 3 ehi6u (3D) mqt each de. dang. S6 luqng cae UCS HI kh6ng hqn chc'. Cho nen tren m6i ni~t elJa v~t th~ 3 chi6u bZ.1n d~t mQt UCS rieng de dua v6 ve trong 2 chi6u (2D) mqt deh d~ dang. H ~ tQa d6 duqc djnh huang bang bi~u tltqng (Coo rd inate System Icon). B l;In hay xem vi d~1 h inh J -50 tren. Chi cluj: D~ xJ.c dinh huang dU'O'ng lr~lc z, nglfoi ta dung LJuy I ttl: b~n lay phi'li. Hay d~l1 bim lay phai 0 vi tri sao cha ng6n cUi dqc theo chieu du'ang tryc x, ng6n Iro d<;IC chi6u dU'O'llg y, va ng6n giiJa g~p l~i vuOng g6c v6i ng6n cui va ng6n \fa sc chi lmOng dU'O'llg ln~c z . 1.2.4. Cae I¢nh ti¢n ich (Utility Commands) LENH HELP HAY ? Trong ACAD co ho'Tl 100 l~nh vai nhieu ll!a ch9n (Options). ACAD cung cap l ~nh HELP de eho b<;ln ro chi tiet ve tUng 1~l1h hOi!-c danh sach to~m b¢ cae I¢nh cua ACAD. Vi dlr De xem chi tiet ve l¢nh ZOOM, b~n go vao dong l¢nh sau: Command: help Command name (Return for List ): zoom Sau khi vao l¢nh, man hinh xufft hi¢n hqp tho,!-i HELP. Trong do co cac m~c: + Help It em (nwc can trq glup): h<.lIl c6 the g5 ten l¢nh vao. + Index: khi b<;ln barn vao phfm Ihdex ACAD li¢t ke ra tat d. dc I¢nh va d.c bien. B,!-n cJ1Qn ml,l c dn xem va nilan vuo OK. Li;:N H FILES L¢nh nay d~ hi¢n ra dc FILES trang tllu rnl,lc, ho~c de x6a, dOi ten, sao chep cac files: Command: files Sau khi vao l ~nh se hi¢n ra h Qp Iho~i co nQi dung nhu tren (hlnh 1- 6). File Utilities List files ] I Copy tile II Rename file I I Delete tile I I Unlock file ] I E~it I H'inh 1-6: Ifl)p Iho<.li ti9n fch FILE ctm ACAD12 _ Li;:NH SHELL (SH) L¢nh nay eho phcp b:~m tht!c hi ~ n e<l.c li¢n Ich eua h¢ di6u h lm h DOS lrong khi van con dang 0 t['ong m6i truang ACAD. Command: sh DOS comma nd: (b~n vao ten l ~n h cua DOS) De tro ve ACAD b,!-n hay go EXIT. Li;:NH STATUS (TRANG THAI) L¢nh nay th6ng bao tr~ng thai hl9n thai cua blm vi!: klch thtroc bim ve, kieu dUOng net, lap ve vv II LENHNEW U;nh NEW de bar dAu ban ve maio Sall khi gQi I¢nh n ~ \y mQl hQp tho<.ti "Create NC\\i Drawing" xua' hien nhu hlnh 1-7 D~ d~t ten eho ban ve m6"i b~n g6 ten bim ve vao 6 "New Drawing Name", duOi t¢p tin ban ve ".DWG" ACAD tu them vao. Neu b~n danh da'u "x" VaG 6 " No proto~ type" rue la b~n kh6ng dlmg b~m ve mftu rieng nao, ACAD se It! dQng dua vao eho ban vi! mai mt)t ban ve m&u theo aead.pat. Ne ll b~n mu6n ban ve mai co slr d~mg bim ve mau rieng da: e6, bi.lI1 can nhan phfm ehllQt vao 6 " Prototype ", rai dua Create New Drawing lJololype :;; ] Ic"'c:: d _______ ' o No Prolotype o Retain as Default I Ne. Orowing N,me d ,,=11 =c-== , ' W iCa ncel1 Hlnh 1-7: H¢p tho'.li voi I~nh NEW cila ACADt2. ten t~p mfill (d 6 rna va dUOng dAn neu dn) va~. San vB mau nay da: duqe djnh d~ng ve doo vi do, giai h~n ve, khung ban ve, d~t cae lap ve, die tham s6 kfeh thucre e hn thich: Khi eho bien FILEDIA gia trj 0, ACAD12 kh6ng dltd r:I h(Jp thol)i. Khi d6 b,!n vao ten ban ve moi eho dong nh~c snu: 12 Enter NAME of Drawing: 8l)n eh(;m I lrong 3 deh tra lai sau: a. Go ten bim ve van (tlee Iii dung bim vi; m~lI m~e djnh trong acad.pnt) b. GOlen ban vi! mm = len ban ve lmiu (VI d~: True 1= MAU2) c. Go Itn han vi; m6i = (IUC la b'.1Il khong dung ban ve mau nito. vi d~. Trucl=). LENHOPEN L¢nh nay d~ 111& mQt bim ve dfi co ra dci so~n thao. Sau khi gQ i I~nh OPE N, hi~n ra hQp tho'.!i nhu hlnh 1-8. File t:!ame : 1··d Wg engine.dwg housepln . dwg nozzle3d . dwg pentagon . dwg planplOf . dwg psfilpal.dwg psglobe . dwg uhadow.dw • • Open Drawing Q.irectOlies: d:\ac ad\sampfe I. OK I, Cancel !Jpe II find File I I Lisl Files 01 Type : Oriyes : ",IO",ra",wi", ng"'· ,,. Oc: W : G , ) _""I hl 1121 d: graph Ipu DRead Onl/ Mode Ii.] D ~elecllnilial View H1nh 1·8: H¢p tho,!-i l~nh OPEN ell<! ACADI2. _ Trong d6 b<.tn chQn thl! rnl;lc chua t¢p ban ve dn matrong 0 "Directories". • _ 0 hQp "Files" b<;tn dung con tro chuQt kfch sang ten t¢p va bam phfm pick chuQt de chQn t¢p can ma. Ho~c b<.tn cGng co the g5 ten t~p vao 0 nho "Filcs"a ph fa du6'i . _ Ban danh dau "x" vao 0 "Select initial view" d~ hien anh bim ve ra xem tntoc. _ N6u b<.tn danh dffu "x" vao 0 "Read Only Mode" th1 ban ve duqc rna ra chi d~ xern m~l khOng sua d6i duqc. _ Cu6i clll1g b~n bam vao OK t~p tin b~m ve do se dUQ'c ma ra. _ Tntang hqp b"-l1l khOng rnu6n rna ban ve ra nu-a, hay nhay chuQt vao 0 "Cancel". LENH CAT BAN vii (GHI LEN DIA) Co 2 each cat bim ve khac nhau nlm sau: 1- Command: save cat ban ve vai ten cO Illc gQi ra. 2- Command: save as HQp tho<.ti hi¢n ra b<.ln eho ten file va duang d§.n moi de cat bun ve. LENH THOAT KHOI ACAD (L~NH QUIT) Command: quit Sau khi v~\o I¢nh QUIT mall hlnh xufit hi¢n hQp tho;:ti de b<.ln Il!a chQIl (hlnh 1-9). Drawing Modilication + Save changes : c6 cat nhling thay d6i ella ban ve khong. r:o""'"""7, ",Th';'C';'CU"1rrent drawing has been ~ch.:.:a~ng~e.:.:d. __ -, lliscard Changes I£.n~el. Command I + Discard changes: bo qua cac thay dOi, khOng cat. + Cancel command: hi'ly bo I¢nh QUlT LENH UNITS Hlnh 1-9: HQp thO'.li l¢nh QUIT ella ACADI2. L¢nh nay d€ xac d!nh don V! ve (do chieu dai, do goc, dQ chinh xac). Command: units Units report formats: (Examples) 1. Scientific 1.55E+0 1 2. Decimal 15.50 3. Engincaring 1'_3.50" 4. Architectual l' 3.1/2" 5. Fractional (h6n sO) 15.1/2 Enter choice, I to 5< >: 2 D6i voi tieu chuan Vi¢t Naill (TCVN) ch9n 2 (h¢ met). V6'i eac h!a chQn 1,2,3 thl xuat hi¢n dong nh~c sau day de b"tn ch9n ti€p s6 so \e sau da"u phay (dau cham trong ti€ng Anh): Number of digits to right of decimal point (0 to 8)< >: (cho s6 s61e sau dau phfiy thap phan, til I den 8). Neu chQn chuc nang 4, 5 lh. nhl'ic nho tiep Sf Iii: Denominalor of smallest fraction to display(l, 2, 4, 8, 12, 16,32 or 64)< >: (b'.ln chQn mall s6 Clla ph.1n ph~n so nha nhA't). Sau do I~nh UNITS thOng bao tiep de' b,!n chQn dan V! do goc nhu sau: 13 Report formal: (Examples) I. Decimal degrees 45.0000 2. Degree/Minutes/Seconds 45 d O' 0" 3. Grad 50.0000 g 4. Radiant 0.7854 r 5. Surveyor's units (dan vi ban dO) N 45d 0' 0" E Enter choice, I to 5< >: 2 Theo TCVN b<.ln nen chQn 2 (d,,/phlit/git\y). Sau do ACAD nhflc nhe, tiep de b",n chQn s6 chO hien lhi phfin Ie clla gOc: Number of fractional places for display of angle(O to 8)< >: Bfty giu ACAO nhk nhi1 ehQn huang chuan ella g6c: Direction for angle 0: (huang ella g6c 0) East 3 o'clock = 0 North 12 o'clock = 90 West 9 o'clock = 180 South 6 o'clock = 270 Enter direction for angle 0< >: (b',111 chQn goc 0° bang go 0, hay chQn 90, 180 ,270). Cu6i cimg de chon chitu duang clla gOc, ACAD nhac nhc,: Do you want angles measured clock wise?< >: Il.::m tnl lai "Y" la d6ng y gOc do thea ehieu quay kim d6ng h6, ho~e uN" thea chitu nguqc I""i (TCVN cho goc ducmg quay nguqc chitu kim d6ng h6). Chu thieh: 1- ACADt2 con dlla ra Mnh DDUNITS de hi¢n hQp IhO<,li eho b':ln h!a'chQnlhco cae nQi dung 1tt(1I1g Ilf nhu Iren. xem hlnh 1-10. 2- li~l 1.2.3 tr~n dAy dii Irinh bay 2 cach SQi J¢nh Clla AutoCAD: m¢1 la go len I¢nh lit ban phim; hai Iii van Itnh tit Screen Menu ho~c Menu Bar. 0 drty muOn gQi lenh UNITS tit Menu la lam nhu sau: bl!-n dung chuQI kfch sang SE111NG tren Menu dQC(Scn:cn Menu), ho~c tTen Menu ngang (Menu &tr), sau d6 di con Iro t6i Mnh UNITS va nhay phfm pick chu(ll v1\.o d6. Ta bieu thi qu6 Ir"inh gqi I~nh UNITS tit Menu nhu sau: Units o .scientific ®[~etlm~:!J o ,Engineering o Architectural o fractional erecision: 10.0000 Units Control Angles ® Decimal Degrees o Deg/Min/Sec o .Grads o Badians o Suryeyor Precision: IiI 1 0 IiI Screen Menu> SE1TJNG > Units Menu &tr> SE1TJNG > Units Control OK II Cancel II12 he ctlon llllelp I L$NII LIMITS L¢nh nay dtmg de d~1 giai h<,ln vung ve (khO bim vel. IIlnh 1-10: Htlp thoai I~nh DDUNITS Clla ACADI2. Command: limits ON / OFF/<Lowcr left corner>< >: - Dap rn~c d!nh: cho diem gOc tn,i duai - ON/OFF: neu Ira lui ON b~n chi ve duoc iJ ben lrong mU!n giai h<.tn LIMITS; con tni lui OFF b<;11l co lh~ ve c;l trong va ngoai LIMITS da d(ll. 14 Sa1,l khi cho diem g6c trlii duai, ACAD nhac b<;m cho di~m g6c phai tren cua mien chu nh~t gi6i h'.l-n ve: Upper right comer<. >: (cho diem g6c phai tren) Ghi ehu: Sau khi d~t gim h""n vi! bdi I¢nh LIMITS , b~ c6 the dU'a tOIm bl) gioi h{ln ve d6 ra man hlnlJ b~ng I¢nh ZOOM vl'1i li,a ch9n ALL; m~t idt<k khi xu:rt ban ve ra in du<;x: chfnh dc LIMITS dii d~t. 1.2.5. T~o b:ln ve khm thuy (Prototype Drawing) Vice dau lien khi l~p 1 bim ve 1a 1<.to moi truOng cho ban ve chua cae thOng tin ban dau. Do la~ dcm vi do. giai h'.ln bim ve, t~o lap, d~t lum, kieu ghi kich thuOc, kieu chiL. nhUng thong tin do thuOng it thay dOi d6i v6i nguo; sir d':lng, cho nen thuOng d~t chung thanh 1 file va gqi la ban vi" khtli thuy (Prototype Drawing - PD). Sau nay mlli khi I~p ban ve mm b~n gqi ten ban ve khai thuy ra dung d~ tranh nh~p di nh~p l~i mi?t 10'.lt cac thong tin ban dau ve moi tCU'ang ban viS (xem a l¢I1h NEW tiet 1.2.4 treng chuoog nay). Trong ACAD ding co san ban ve khai thuy trong file acad.dwg nhlffig co mQt s6 thOng tin khOng pho. hqp vai tieu chuAn Vi¢t Nam, b'.ln dn d~t l'.1-i . • Cdc butte t~o ban vi' khtli thuy (PD) nhu sau 1- Xac I~p don vi ve, dung ~nh UNITS. 2- D~t gim h~ ve (Ung voi khO gilly A4, A3, ), dung I~nh LIMITS. 3- f1iin th! toan be> gi6i h'.l-n ve ra man hlnh, dung I¢nh ZOOM h!a 'chqn ALL. 4- Ve khung ban ve, khung ten, dung l~nh LINE ho~c PLINE (xem chuong 2, tiet 2-2 va tiet 2-3). 5- D~t cac thOng s6 khac: * D~t lucri ve, dung l¢nh SNAP va GRID (chuong 2, tiet 2-12) . • Tao lap cho ban ve, dung l¢nh LAYER (xem chuong 6, tiet 6-2). * T'.lo kieu ghi kich thuac vai cac bien kich thuGC b'.ln chqn, dung l¢nh Dim V AR. * Tl!lo cae kieu viet chil, dung l¢nh STYLE (xem chuoog 5, tiet ·5- f ). 6- ott gill han vo khiJi thuy (PD), dung l¢nh SAVE AS. Ghi ehu: cae b!,ln mm h9C AutoCAD ehi dn bim vi! khOi thuy l~p theo cac buUc 1, 2, 3, 4, 6. 15 CHUONG 2 , - - ., CAC LI;NH VE CO BAN 2.1. POINT: YO di.!m * each gQi I~nh POINT til Menu: , Screen Menu> DRAW> Point Menu Bar > ORA W > Point * Go l¢nh tu b~m phfm: Command: point Point <eha tQa dQ ella diem> ACAD12 dtmg bien POMODE xac djnh cae d~ng diem khac nhau va bien PDSlZE xac djnh kfch thucrc di<!m nhu b<'mg sau da.y (hloh 2~ I): Point Style _ _ 2.2. UNE: VO drrang th~ng, drrang gap khuc thang * Okh goi l~nh LINE til menu: Screen Menu> ORA W > Line Menu Bar > DRAW > Line * Go l¢nh Ilr ban phfm: Command: line From point: <e1lO diem dau> To point: <ellO di~m tiep thee> To point: <eho diem tiep thee, ho~c U, C, Enter> Bi)1l g6 U neu muon bo do~n th&ng vua ve; g5 C de dong kin ducrng gap khuc. Vi d~: hloh 2-2. Command: From point: To point: To point: To point: To point: line 100,120 @ 40<60 @40<-60 c .J 2.3. PUNE (POLYLINE) L ~nh oay de ve da tuyen (Polyline) g6m cae do~n thang va cae eung tron noi tiep nhau_ Chung eo the cho d¢ r¢ng net, lo~i ducrng net khae nhau(ducrng li en, duemg dU!, duemg cham gach ). 16 + X 0 0 -$- l2l: (') D D $- J2,1 [1J D D -$- f.2l ['J Point ,S.ize: 15_0000 I" ® Set Size Belative to Screen o Set Size in Absolute Units OK I Cancel I 1 tldp I Hlnh 2-1: H9P Ihm_li ella l~l1h POINT trong ACADI2. P2 -60' P1L-~ ________ ~ P3 (100,120) Hinh 2-2 • each gqi l~nh PLINE til Menu; r ~ Screen Menu> DRAW> Pline Menu Bar > DRAW > Pline • Go l~nh til blm phim; • Command: pline From point: <cho diem dliu> Current line width is 0.0000 <~ r¢ng hic;n thai la 0> ArdClose/HalfwidthILengtblUndolWidtbl<End point of U"e>: • Dong nMc dO U'ng viti vi'dofln thdng, cac lila chQn de' ve nhu sau: + aWn A: chuyen ti':r ve dUCmg thing sang ve Cl\og tron n6i tiep. + aWn C: dOng kin da tuyl!n l~i. + ChQn H: de nh~p vaG m'ra be r"ng net ve. + ChQIl L: de ve do~n thing co chien da:i du<;IC dua VaG va co cung d¢ nghieng vCri dof,lll th~ng tnrac d6.Nt'!u tnJac d6 13, eung tron thi dof,lll th~ng mm tie? xuc v6i cung tron do. + Ch9n U: x6a do~n vila ve tnrac do. + Chqn W: chi dinh be r{mg net ve cho do~n til!p theo. + M~c d!nh: ~n cho tl?a dl) diem thi do la mut thu 2 eua do~n. • Ntu vi' c:ung trim thi dong nhac.: senhu sau : Angle/CEnter/CLoselDirectionIHalfwidtb/LinelRadiusiSecond . pointiUndolWidtbl<End point of arc>: + aWn A: cho goc Om eua eung tron. + ChQn CE: cho tAm cung trOn. + ChQn D: chi ra hU6'ng ve cung tron Iii hUOng ti€p tuy€n t~i diem d<iu cung trOn. + awn R: cho ban kinh cung tIim. VI dw hlnh 2·3 Command p1ine.J From point: 70,150 Current line width is 0.0000 <~ r(mg hi¢n theJi HI. 0> Arc/Close/LengthlUndo/Width/<End point of line>: @70,0 Arc/Close/Halfwidth/Length/Undo/Width/<End point of line>: a Angle/CEnter/CLose/Direction/Halfwidth/Line/Radius,lSecondpoint/ Undo/Width/<Ilnd point "f arc>: @6O<·90 Angle/CEnter/CLose/Direction/Halfwidth/LinelRadius/Second point/Undo/Width/<End point of arc>: 1 Arc/Close!Halfwidth/LengthIUndo/WidtbJ<End point of line>: @·70,0 Arc/Close/Length/Undo/Width/<End point of line>:. @20<90 Arc/Close/Halfwidth!LengthlUndo/Width/<Ilnd point of line>: a Angle/CEnter/CLose/Direction/Halfwidth/Line/Radius/Second point/Undo/Width/<End point of arc>: r Radius: 10 Aogle/<End point>: @0,20 Aogle/CEnter/CLose/Direction/Halfwidth/Line/Radius/Second QOintJ\JndoJWid'h/<End \lOin, of arc>: I Arc/Close/Halfwidth/Length/Undo/Width/<Bnd polm 0\ \,=> c 17 . Units OK I Cancel I 1 tldp I Hlnh 2- 1 : H9P Ihm_li ella l~l1h POINT trong ACADI2. P2 -6 0' P1L-~ ________ ~ P3 (100, 120 ) Hinh 2- 2 • each gqi l~nh PLINE til Menu; r. h'.l-n ve ra man hlnh, dung I¢nh ZOOM h!a 'chqn ALL. 4- Ve khung ban ve, khung ten, dung l~nh LINE ho~c PLINE (xem chuong 2, tiet 2- 2 va tiet 2- 3 ). 5- D~t cac. nhau(ducrng li en, duemg dU!, duemg cham gach ). 16 + X 0 0 -$ - l2l: (') D D $- J2,1 [1J D D -$ - f.2l ['J Point ,S.ize: 15_0000 I" ® Set Size Belative to