Anh ấy đã đi về nhà trước khi Sarah tới Had gone là thì Past perfect simple - Thì quá khứ hoàn thành.. Sau đó nếu chúng ta muốn nói về những sự việc xảy ra trước thời điểm này, chúng ta
Trang 1Look at these two sentences.
• John left the house at 7:30 yesterday morning.
• Mary rang John’s doorbell at 8:15 yesterday.
Both actions happened in the past so we use the past simple tense But look at how we can
combine the sentences.
• Mary rang John’s doorbell at 8:15 yesterday but John had already left the house.
We use the past perfect (had left) because the action happened before another action in the past
(Mary rang the doorbell.)
Look at some more examples of the past perfect.
• When Mrs Brown opened the washing machine she realised she had washed the cat.
• I got a letter from Jim last week We’d been at school together but we’d lost touch with each other.
The past perfect is used because they were at school before he received the letter It refers to an
earlier past.
Look at these 2 sentences.
• James had cooked breakfast when we got up.
• James cooked breakfast when we got up.
In the first sentence, the past perfect tells us that James cooked breakfast before we got up In the
second sentence, first we got up and then James cooked breakfast.
Past perfect continuous
The past perfect can also be used in the continuous.
• I realised I had been working too hard so I decided to have a holiday.
• By the time Jane arrived we had been waiting for 3 hours.
NOTE
The most common mistake with the past perfect is to overuse it or to use it simply because we are talking about a time in the distant past.
• The Romans had spoken Latin
Remember that we only use the past perfect when we want to refer to a past that is earlier than
another time in the narrative.
Trang 2Xem ví dụ sau:
Sarah went to a party last week Paul went to the party too but they didn’t see each other Paul went home at 10.30 and Sarah arrived at 11 o’clock So:
When Sarah arrived at the party Paul wasn’t there He had gone home (before Sarah arrived)
Tuần rồi Sarah đã đi dự tiệc Paul cũng đến buổi tiệc đó nhưng họ đã không gặp nhau Paul về nhà lúc 10h30 và Sarah đến lúc 11h Vì vậy:
Khi Sarah đến dự tiệc thì Paul đã không còn ở đó
Anh ấy đã đi về nhà (trước khi Sarah tới)
Had gone là thì Past perfect (simple) - Thì quá khứ hoàn thành
Thì past perfect được tạo thành = had + past participle (gone/ seen/ finished )
Đôi khi chúng ta đề cập một việc gì đó xảy ra trong quá khứ
Sarah arrived at the party
Sarah đã đến dự tiệc
Đây là điểm khởi đầu của câu chuyện Sau đó nếu chúng ta muốn nói về những sự việc xảy ra trước thời điểm này, chúng ta dùng thì past perfect (had + past participle):
When Sarah arrived at the party, Paul had already gone home
Khi Sarah đến buổi tiệc, Paul đã đi về nhà
Xem thêm một số ví dụ sau:
When we got home last night We found that somebody had broken into the flat
Tối qua khi chúng tôi về nhà, chúng tôi phát hiện ra có ai đó đã đột nhập vào ngôi nhà
Karen didn’t want to come to the cinema with us because she had already seen the film
Karen đã không muốn đi xem film với chúng tôi vì cô ấy đã xem bộ phim (trước đó) rồi
At first I thought I’d done the right, but soon I realised that I’d made a serious mistake
Thoạt tiên tôi nghĩ là tôi đã làm điều đúng đắn nhưng chẳng bao lâu sau tôi nhận ra là tôi đã phạm phải một sai lầm nghiêm trọng
The man sitting next to me on the plane was very nervous He hadn’t flown before./ He had never flown before
Trang 3Người đàn ông ngồì cạnh tôi trên máy bay đã rất hồi hộp Trước đó anh ấy chưa đi máy bay./ Trước giờ anh ấy chưa bao giờ bay.
B Had done (past perfect) là dạng quá khứ của have done (present perfect) Hãy so sánh các câu sau:
Who is that woman? I’ve never seen her before
Người phụ nữ kia là ai vậy? Trước giờ tôi chưa hề gặp cô ấy
I didn’t know who she was I’d never seen her before (= before that time)
Tôi đã không biết cô ấy là ai Trước đó tôi chưa bao giờ gặp cô ấy
We aren’t hungry We’ve just had lunch
Chúng tôi không đói Chúng tôi vừa ăn trưa xong
We weren’t hungry We’d just had lunch
Chúng tôi đã không đói (trước đó) Chúng tôi đã dùng cơm trưa rồi
The house is dirty They haven’t cleaned it for weeks
Ngôi nhà dơ quá Mấy tuần rồi họ không lau chùi gì cả
The house was dirty They hadn’t cleaned it for weeks
Ngôi nhà lúc đó dơ quá Mấy tuần rồi họ đã không lau chùi gì cả
C Hãy so sánh thì past perfect ( I had done) với past simple (I did)
“Was Tom at the party when you arrived?” “No, he had already gone home.”
"Lúc bạn đến Tom có mặt ở buổi tiệc không?" "Không, anh ấy đã đi về nhà rồi."
Nhưng
“Was Tom there when you arrived?” “Yes, but he went home soon afterward.”
"Lúc bạn đến Tom còn ở đó không?" "Có, nhưng ngay sau đó anh ấy đã đi về nhà."
Ann wasn’t at home when I phoned She was in London
Khi tôi gọi điện Ann không có nhà Cô ấy đã ở Luân Đôn
Nhưng
Ann had just got home when I phoned She had been in London
Trang 4Ann đã về nhà khi tôi gọi điện thoại cô ấy Cô ấy đã ở Luân đôn.
EXERCISE 1:
Past Perfect - Simple Past (Statements) - Exercise
Explanation: Past Perfect - Simple Past contrasted
Put the verbs in brackets into the gaps in the correct tense - Past Perfect or Simple Past
Toggle example
1) After Fred (to spend) his holiday in Italy he (to want) to learn Italian.
2) Jill (to phone) Dad at work before she (to leave) for her trip.
3) Susan (to turn on) the radio after she (to wash) the dishes.
4) When she (to arrive) the match already (to start).
5) After the man (to come) home he (to feed) the cat.
6) Before he (to sing) a song he (to play) the guitar.
7) She (to watch) a video after the children (to go) to bed.
Trang 58) After Eric (to make) breakfast he (to phone) his friend.
9) I (to be) very tired because I (to study) too much.
10) They (to ride) their bikes before they (to meet) their friends.
Past Perfect - Simple Past (Statements) - Exercise
1) After Fred had spent his holiday in Italy he wanted to learn Italian.
2) Jill had phoned Dad at work before she left for her trip.
3) Susan turned on the radio after she had washed the dishes.
4) When she arrived the match had already started.
5) After the man had come home he fed the cat.
6) Before he sang a song he had played the guitar.
7) She watched a video after the children had gone to bed.
8) After Eric had made breakfast he phoned his friend.
9) I was very tired because I had studied too much.
10) They had ridden their bikes before they met their friends.
Exercise on Past Perfect Simple
Put the verbs into the correct form (past perfect simple).
1 The storm destroyed the sandcastle that we (build)
2 He (not / be) to Cape Town before 1997
had built
Trang 63 When she went out to play, she (do / already) her homework
4 My brother ate all of the cake that our mum (make)
5 The doctor took off the plaster that he (put on) six weeks before
6 The waiter brought a drink that I (not / order)
7 I could not remember the poem we (learn) the week before
8 The children collected the chestnuts that (fall) from the tree
9 (he / phone) Angie before he went to see her in London?
10 She (not / ride) a horse before that day
Exercise on Past Perfect Simple
Put the verbs into the correct form (past perfect simple).
1 The storm destroyed the sandcastle that we had built
2 He had not been to Cape Town before 1997
3 When she went out to play, she had already done her homework
4 My brother ate all of the cake that our mum had made
5 The doctor took off the plaster that he had put on six weeks before
6 The waiter brought a drink that I had not ordered
7 I could not remember the poem we had learned the week before
8 The children collected the chestnuts that had fallen from the tree
9 Had he phoned Angie before he went to see her in London?
10 She had not ridden a horse before that day
EXERCISE 2:
Trang 7Past Perfect - NegativeComplete the sentences below using the negative
form of past perfect Use the short form.
Example: He (leave) when I arrived
He hadn't left when I arrived
1. The man was hit by a red car The driver (see) him.
2. I saw him because he (leave) for work.
3. The girl was afraid She (fly) on a plane before.
4. Tamsin was happy to see John again They (meet) for a long time.
5. He didn't get the job because he (send) all his papers.
6 The apartment was dirty They (clean) it for a long time
7. The dog was really hungry Mary (feed) it since Monday.
8. She (iron) her blouse She looked a mess.
9 The house didn't fall down Luckily, the termites (eat)
Trang 8all the floors as originally thought.
10. Derrick was very tired He (sleep) at all.
The answers are:
Example: He (leave) when I arrived
He had left when I arrived
1. I thought I knew her I thought I (see) her before.
2. He (drive) only twice in his life before the accident.
3. Bonny no longer had her car She (sell) it.
4. I saw Annabel last week She (change) a lot.
Trang 95. Terry wasn't at home He (just go) out.
6 I tried to find Mr Jones but he wasn't around Then I found out he
(die)
7 He didn't need to borrow the car because he (have)
his bike repaired
8. Jenny (just get) home when the phone rang.
9. The new restaurant wasn't open any longer It (close) down.
10. He fed the cat because no-one (feed) it for days.
The answers are:
Exercise on Past Perfect Simple
Positive Sentences in Past Perfect Simple
Write the verbs in Past Perfect Simple.
Trang 101 The pupils talked about the film they (watch)
2 I was late for work because I (miss) the bus
3 We lived in the house that my father (build)
4 We admired the picture that Lucy (paint)
5 They watered the trees that they (plant)
6 The teacher corrected the tests that the pupils (write)
7 I received a good mark in my test because I (practise) on ego4u
8 The mail order house did not send me the shirt that I (order)
9 I had to clean the floor because my cats (knock) over the flower pots
10 My friend was in hospital because she (slip) on a banana skin
Exercise on Past Perfect Simple
Positive Sentences in Past Perfect Simple
Write the verbs in Past Perfect Simple.
1 The pupils talked about the film they had watched
2 I was late for work because I had missed the bus
3 We lived in the house that my father had built
4 We admired the picture that Lucy had painted
5 They watered the trees that they had planted
6 The teacher corrected the tests that the pupils had written
7 I received a good mark in my test because I had practised on ego4u
Trang 118 The mail order house did not send me the shirt that I had ordered
9 I had to clean the floor because my cats had knocked over the flower pots
10 My friend was in hospital because she had slipped on a banana skin
Exercise on Past Perfect Simple
Negative Sentences in Past Perfect Simple
Write the verbs in Past Perfect Simple Use the negative form.
1 In the shopping centre, I met a friend who I (see / not) for ages
2 The thief could walk right into the house because you (lock / not) the door
3 We lost the match because we (practise / not) the days before
4 At school, Jim quickly copied the homework that he (do / not)
5 We ate at a restaurant last night because I (buy / not) anything for dinner
6 When we came back, it was cold in the house because Alice (close / not) the
windows
7 All day long, Phil was angry with me just because I (greet / not) him first
8 When I met Jane at eleven o’clock, she (have / not) breakfast yet
9 I couldn’t go to the cinema with my friends last night because I (finish / not) my
homework yet
10 Fred answered my question although I (ask / not) him
Exercise on Past Perfect Simple
Negative Sentences in Past Perfect Simple
Write the verbs in Past Perfect Simple Use the negative form.
Trang 121 In the shopping centre, I met a friend who I had not seen for ages
2 The thief could walk right into the house because you had not locked the door
3 We lost the match because we had not practised the days before
4 At school, Jim quickly copied the homework that he had not done
5 We ate at a restaurant last night because I had not bought anything for dinner
6 When we came back, it was cold in the house because Alice had not closed the windows
7 All day long, Phil was angry with me just because I had not greeted him first
8 When I met Jane at eleven o’clock, she had not had breakfast yet
9 I couldn’t go to the cinema with my friends last night because I had not finished my homework yet
10 Fred answered my question although I had not asked him
Exercise on Past Perfect Simple
Questions in Past Perfect Simple
Complete the questions in Past Perfect Simple.
1 (what / Bob / do) that he was kept in after school?
2 (you / eat) anything before you went to the theatre?
3 (he / live) in London before he moved to Glasgow?
4 (she / find) a new job by that time?
5 (they / book) a room before they went to Dublin?
6 (how often / you / ring) the bell before he answered the door?
7 (why / they / have) dinner before they came to the party?
8 (Carly / wash) the dishes when her mum came home?
Trang 139 (you / read) the contract before you signed it?
10 (who / live) in the house before we moved in?
Exercise on Past Perfect Simple
Questions in Past Perfect Simple
Complete the questions in Past Perfect Simple.
1 What had Bob done that he was kept in after school?
2 Had you eaten anything before you went to the theatre?
3 Had he lived in London before he moved to Glasgow?
4 Had she found a new job by that time?
5 Had they booked a room before they went to Dublin?
6 How often had you rung the bell before he answered the door?
7 Why had they had dinner before they came to the party?
8 Had Carly washed the dishes when her mum came home?
9 Had you read the contract before you signed it?
10 Who had lived in the house before we moved in?
EXERCISE 3:
Past Simple or Past Perfect?
Q1 - By the time we , everyone had left
arrived
had arrived
Q2 - I _ a long time ago
Trang 14had finshed
Either could be used here
Q3 - By that time, everybody exhausted.was
had been
Either could be used here
Q4 - She told me she it ages ago
did
had done
Either could be used here
Q5 - I of it until you mentioned it.didn't hear
hadn't heard
Q6 - I enough time to finish the exam
Trang 15didn't have
hadn't had
Either could be used here
Q7 - If I , I'd have helped
knew
had known
Either could be used here
Q8 - If I , I'd tell you
knew
had known
Either could be used here
Q9 - No sooner than I realised what was going on.did I arrive
had I arrived
Either could be used here
Q10 - Until last month, I _ it before
Trang 16didn't try
hadn't tried
Answer Sheet - Past Simple or Past Perfect?
This page displays the answers to the ' Past Simple or Past Perfect? ' quiz.
Q1 - By the time we , everyone had left
Either could be used here
Q3 - By that time, everybody exhausted
was
had been
Either could be used here
Q4 - She told me she it ages ago