lý thuyết ngữ pháp và bài tập về thì quá khứ hoàn thành tiếp diễn

Past Perfect continous We use the verb had and the past participle for the past perfect: I had finished the work. She had gone . The past perfect continuous is formed with had been and the -ing form of the verb: I had been finishing the work She had been going. The past perfect is used in the same way as the present perfect, but it refers to a time in the past, not the present. We use the past perfect tense: • for something that started in the past and continued up to a given time in the past: When George died he and Anne had been married for nearly fifty years. She didn’t want to move. She had lived in Liverpool all her life. We normally use the past perfect continuous for this: She didn’t want to move. She had been living in Liverpool all her life. Everything was wet. It had been raining for hours. • for something we had done several times up to a point in the past and continued to do after that point: He was a wonderful guitarist. He had been playing ever since he was a teenager. He had written three books and he was working on another one. I had been watching the programme every week, but I missed the last episode. We often use a clause with since to show when something started in the past: They had been staying with us since the previous week. I was sorry when the factory closed. I had worked there since I left school. I had been watching that programme every week since it started, but I missed the last episode. • when we are reporting our experience and including up to the (then) present: My eighteenth birthday was the worst day I had ever had. I was pleased to meet George. I hadn’t met him before, even though I had met his wife several times. • for something that happened in the past but is important at the time of reporting: I couldn’t get into the house. I had lost my keys. Teresa wasn’t at home. She had gone shopping. We use the past perfect to talk about the past in conditions, hypotheses and wishes: I would have helped him if he had asked. It was very dangerous. What if you had got lost? I wish I hadn’t spent so much money last month. Hãy xem xét ví dụ sau: Yesterday morning I got up and looked out of the window. The sun was shinning but the ground was very wet. Sáng nay tôi thức dậy và nhìn ra ngoài cửa sổ. Mặt trời đang chiếu sáng nhưng mặt đất thì rất ẩm ướt. It has been raining Trước đó trời đã mưa Lúc tôi nhìn ra ngoài cửa sổ thì trời không mưa; mặt trời lúc đó đang chiếu sáng. Nhưng trời đã mưa trước đó. Đó là lý do tại sao mặt đất lại ẩm ướt. Had been-ing là thì past perfect continuous Hãy xem thêm một số ví dụ sau: When the boys came into the house, their clothes were dirty, their hair was untidy and one of them had black eye. They’d been fight. Khi bọn trẻ về tới nhà, quần áo chúng dơ bẩn, tóc tai rối bù và mắt một đứa bị tím bầm. Chúng đã đánh nhau. I was very tired when I arrived home. I’d been working hard all day. Khi trở về nhà tôi đã rất mệt. Tôi đã làm việc vất vả cả ngày. B Bạn có thể dùng thì past perfect continuous để diễn tả sự việc nào đó đã diễn ra (had been happening) một trong khoảng thời gian trước khi một sự việc khác xảy ra: Our game of tennis was interrupted. We’d been playing for about half an hour when it started to rain very heavily. Trận đấu quần vợt của chúng tôi đã bị ngưng lại. Chúng tôi đã chơi được nửa giờ trước khi trời bắt đầu đổ mưa rất lớn. Ken gave up smoking two years ago. He’d been smoking for 30 years. Ken đã bỏ thuốc lá hai năm rồi. Trước đó anh ấy đã hút thuốc suốt 30 năm. C Thì past perfect continuous (Had been -ing) là dạng quá khứ của thì present continuous. I hope the bus comes soon. I’ve been waiting for 20 minutes. (before now). Tôi hy vọng là xe buýt sẽ tới sớm. Tôi đã chờ 20 phút rồi (trước lúc này). At last the bus came. I’d been waiting for minutes. Cuối cùng xe buýt cũng đã tới. Tôi đã chờ trước đó hơn 20 phút rồi. He’s out of breath. He has been running. Anh ấy đang thở gấp. Anh ấy đã chạy nãy giờ. He was out of breath. He had been running. Anh ấy đã thở gấp. Anh ấy đã chạy trước đó. D have been -ing. Hãy so sánh had been doing (past perfect continuous) và was doing (past continuous) It wasn’t raining when we went out. The sun was shining. But it had been raining, so the ground was wet. Lúc chúng tôi đi ra ngoài trời không mưa. Trời lúc đó đang nắng. Nhưng trước đó trời có mưa nên mặt đất ẩm ướt. Ann was sitting in an armchair watching television. She was tired because she’d been working very hard. Ann đang ngồi trên ghế và xem truyền hình. Cô ấy mệt vì cô ấy đã làm việc rất nhiều. E Một số động từ như know và want không được dùng với thì continuous: We were good friends. We had known each other for years. (không nói "had been knowing"). Chúng tôi là những người bạn tốt. Chúng tôi đã biết nhau từ nhiều năm rồi. Use The Past Perfect Continuous is used to talk about actions or situations that were in progress before some other actions or situations. There are also other uses. 1. Duration of a past action up to a certain point in the past 2. Showing cause of an action or situation 3. Third conditional sentences 4. Reported speech Use 1: Duration of a Past Action The main use of the Past Perfect Continuous is to express actions or situations that were in progress before some other actions or situations. • The boys had been quarreling for half an hour when we arrived home. • I had been dating Angelina for 3 years before we got married. Use 2: Showing Cause Use this tense to show cause of an action or situation in the past. • John was in a detention because he had been misbehaving. • The road was wet because it had been raining. • I had to go on a diet because I had been eating too much sugar. • Jessica got sunburnt because she had been lying in the sun too long. Use 3: Third Conditional Remember that this tense is also used in third conditional sentences. • If it hadn't been raining, we would have gone to the park. Use 4: Reported Speech This tense also appears in Reported speech. • She said she knew Charlie had been lying to her. EXERCISE 1: Exercise on Past Perfect Progressive Put the verbs into the correct form (past perfect progressive). 1. We (sleep) for 12 hours when he woke us up. 2. They (wait) at the station for 90 minutes when the train finally arrived. 3. We (look for) her ring for two hours and then we found it in the bathroom. 4. I (not / walk) for a long time, when it suddenly began to rain. 5. How long (learn / she) English before she went to London? 6. Frank Sinatra caught the flu because he (sing) in the rain too long. 7. He (drive) less than an hour when he ran out of petrol. 8. They were very tired in the evening because they (help) on the farm all day. 9. I (not / work) all day; so I wasn't tired and went to the disco at night. 10. They (cycle) all day so their legs were sore in the evening. Exercise on Past Perfect Progressive Put the verbs into the correct form (past perfect progressive). 1. We had been sleeping for 12 hours when he woke us up. 2. They had been waiting at the station for 90 minutes when the train finally arrived. had been slee 3. We had been looking for her ring for two hours and then we found it in the bathroom. 4. I had not been walking for a long time, when it suddenly began to rain. 5. How long had she been learning English before she went to London? 6. Frank Sinatra caught the flu because he had been singing in the rain too long. 7. He had been driving less than an hour when he ran out of petrol. 8. They were very tired in the evening because they had been helping on the farm all day. 9. I had not been working all day; so I wasn't tired and went to the disco at night. 10. They had been cycling all day so their legs were sore in the evening. Do the exercises below on the past perfect simple and continuous and click on the button to check your answers. (Before doing the exercises you may want to read the lesson on the past perfect simple and continuous) Write the past participle of the following irregular verbs. 1. speak - 2. catch - 3. eat - 4. understand - 5. begin - Complete the sentences in past perfect simple (affirmative form.) 1. I lost the key that he (give) to me. 2. He told me that he (see) the film . 3. I went outside as I (hear) a noise. 4. When they came home, Liza (cook) dinner. 5. We could not send you a postcard because we (lose) your address. Complete the sentences in past perfect simple (negative). 1. The waiter served something that we (not / order) . 2. He went to the country which he (not / visit) before. 3. She picked out the red dress, which she (not / wear) for ages. 4. He (not / swim) in the beach before that day. 5. His mother was angry because he (not / do) the shopping for her. Complete the questions in past perfect simple. 1. (you / finish) your homework before you went to the cinema? 2. Why (you / not /clean) the bathroom before you took a bath? 3. (you / have) breakfast before you left the house? 4. (she / manage) to find a place to stay when she went to London? 5. Where (she / stay) before she moved to live with her friend? Put the verbs into the correct form (past perfect or the simple past) 1. The storm (destroy) the house that they had built . 2. The children (clean) the blackboard they had used to do the mathematics exercise. 3. When she went out to play, she (do / already) her homework. 4. She (eat) all of the food that we had made . 5. He took off the jacket he (put on) before. Put the verbs between brackets in the correct tense (past perfect simple or continuous.) 1. I (try) to get tickets for that play for months before my friend finally got them. 2. When I arrived at the theater, my friend (pick, already) up the tickets. 3. He was really angry because he (wait) for more than half an hour when I arrived. 4. When the play started, I (already, apologize) to my friend. 5. We (watch) the play when the lights went off. Do the exercises below on the past perfect simple and continuous and click on the button to check your answers. (Before doing the exercises you may want to read the lesson on the past perfect simple and continuous) Write the past participle of the following irregular verbs. 1. speak - spoken 2. catch - caught 3. eat - eaten 4. understand - understood 5. begin - begun Complete the sentences in past perfect simple (affirmative form.) 1. I lost the key that he (give) had given / 'd given to me. 2. He told me that he (see) had seen / 'd seen the film. 3. I went outside as I (hear) had heard / 'd heard a noise. 4. When they came home, Liza (cook) had cooked / 'd cooked dinner. 5. We could not send you a postcard because we (lose) had lost / 'd lost our address book. Complete the sentences in past perfect simple (negative). 1. The waiter served something that we (not / order) had not ordered / hadn't ordered . 2. He went to the country which he (not / visit) had not visited / hadn't visited before. 3. She picked out the red dress, which she (not / wear) had not worn / hadn't worn for ages. 4. He (not / swim) had not swum / hadn't swum in the beach before that day. 5. His mother was angry because he (not / do) had not done / hadn't done the shopping for her. Complete the questions in past perfect simple. 1. (you / finish) Had you finished your homework before you went to the cinema? 2. Why (you / not /clean) had not you cleaned / hadn't you cleaned the bathroom before you took a bath? 3. (you / have) Had you had breakfast before you left the house? 4. (she / manage) Had she managed to find a place to stay when she went to London? 5. Where (she / stay) had she stayed before she moved to live with her friend? Put the verbs into the correct form (past perfect or the simple past) 1. The storm (destroy) destroyed the house that they had built. 2. The children cleaned cleaned the blackboard they had used to do the mathematics exercise. 3. When she went out to play, she (do / already) had already done / 'd already done her homework. 4. She (eat) ate all of the food that we had made. 5. He took off the jacket he (put on) had put on / 'd put on before. Put the verbs between brackets in the correct tense (past perfect simple or continuous.) 1. I (try) had been trying to get tickets for that play for months before my friend finally got them. 2. When I arrived at the theater, he (pick, already) had already picked / 'd already picked up the tickets. 3. He was really angry because he (wait) had been waiting for more than half an hour when I arrived. 4. When the play started, I (already, apologize) had already apologized / 'd already apologized to my friend. 5. We (watch) had been watching / 'd been watching the play when the lights went off. Complete the sentences in the Past Perfect Progressive. 1. Laura needed a break because she (study) all morning. 2. When Lorraine moved to England, she (learn) English for 12 years. 3. I did not go out last night because I (work) all day. 4. Orla felt fit for the marathon because she (exercise) a lot. 5. When I went to see Ms Winter, her secretary told me that she (speak) on the phone for two hours. 6. You got sick because you (eat) all the time. 7. When the musician became director of the opera house, he (live) in this town for ten years. 8. We (go) out together for two years before I met his family. 9. The passengers (wait) for four hours before the ground staff could finally give them information on the delay of their flight. 10. When I noticed my mistake, I (drive) for an hour in the wrong direction. Complete the sentences in the Past Perfect Progressive. 1. Laura needed a break because she had been studying all morning. 2. When Lorraine moved to England, she had been learning English for 12 years. 3. I did not go out last night because I had been working all day. 4. Orla felt fit for the marathon because she had been exercising a lot. 5. When I went to see Ms Winter, her secretary told me that she had been speaking on the phone for two hours. 6. You got sick because you had been eating all the time. 7. When the musician became director of the opera house, he had been living in this town for ten years. 8. We had been going out together for two years before I met his family. 9. The passengers had been waiting for four hours before the ground staff could finally give them information on the delay of their flight. 10. When I noticed my mistake, I had been driving for an hour in the wrong direction. EXERCISE 2: Now complete these sentences using the Past Perfect Continuous: • 1 - We apologised because he (wait) for a long time. • 2 - Tom (watch) TV for two hours when I arrived. • 3 - She (play) trumpet for 3 years before she joined a band. • 4 - He was confident because he (rehearse) hard for the show. • 5 - How long (she/ learn) English with EC before she went abroad? • 6 - They took their baby to the doctor because she (cry) all night. . thuốc lá hai năm rồi. Trước đó anh ấy đã hút thuốc suốt 30 năm. C Thì past perfect continuous (Had been -ing) là dạng quá khứ của thì present continuous. I hope the bus comes soon. I’ve been waiting. bọn trẻ về tới nhà, quần áo chúng dơ bẩn, tóc tai rối bù và mắt một đứa bị tím bầm. Chúng đã đánh nhau. I was very tired when I arrived home. I’d been working hard all day. Khi trở về nhà. tôi đã rất mệt. Tôi đã làm việc vất vả cả ngày. B Bạn có thể dùng thì past perfect continuous để diễn tả sự việc nào đó đã diễn ra (had been happening) một trong khoảng thời gian trước khi