lý thuyết ngữ pháp và bài tập về to be

You are You are not aren't Are you?ĐỘNG TỪ "TO BE" -THÌ HIỆN TẠI ĐƠN VỚI TO BE Đây là động từ cơ bản nhất trong tiếng Anh, nhưng lại là một động từ đặc biệt.. * Khi nào ta phải dùng thì

: 'Be' Verbs

A verb shows action or a state of being

I go home Home is my place to rest I like the smell of my house I feel totally relaxed Home refreshes me At home, I get ready for a new day

"Be" verbs indicate a state of being

Verbs must match subjects

 He is sleepy

Negative sentences need ‘not' after the verb

 I am not a doctor

 He is not sleepy

 We are not there

The verb comes first in interrogative sentences

 Is he sleepy?

"Are not" (is not) can be shortened to "aren't" (isn't)

 He isn't sleepy

 We aren't there

Remember the variations of "be" verbs:

You are You are not (aren't) Are you?

ĐỘNG TỪ "TO BE" -THÌ HIỆN TẠI ĐƠN VỚI TO BE

Đây là động từ cơ bản nhất trong tiếng Anh, nhưng lại là một động từ đặc biệt Học xong động

từ TO BE, bạn sẽ bắt đầu biết cách đặt ra vô số câu nói với những gì ta đã học từ đầu đến giờ như Đại Từ Nhân Xưng, Tính Từ Sở Hữu, Đại Từ Sở Hữu, Danh Từ Số Ít, Danh Từ Số Nhiều, Mạo Từ Bất Định A và AN cùng với một số tính từ cơ bản bạn sẽ được cung cấp ở cuối bài này

Trong thì hiện tại đơn, động từ TO BE có tất cả 3 biến thể là AM, IS và ARE Ta dùng các biến

thể đó tương ứng với chủ ngữ nhất định , như sau:

* AM: Dùng cho chủ ngữ duy nhất là I

I AM (viết tắt = I'M )

* IS: Dùng cho chủ ngữ là ngôi thứ ba số ít, bao gồm HE, SHE, IT và bất cứ danh từ số ít nào

SHE IS (viết tắt = SHE'S )

HE IS (viết tắt = HE'S )

IT IS (viết tắt = IT'S )

THE DOG IS…

PETER IS…

THE TABLE IS …

* ARE: Dùng cho chủ ngữ là YOU, WE, THEY, và bất cứ chủ ngữ số nhiều nào

YOU ARE (viết tắt =YOU'RE )

WE ARE (viết tắt = WE'RE )

THEY ARE (viết tắt = THEY'RE )

YOU AND I ARE…

HE AND I ARE …

THE DOG AND THE CAT ARE

* Khi nào ta phải dùng thì hiện tại đơn của động từ TO BE?

- Khi ta muốn giới thiệu tên hoặc địa điểm, hoặc tính chất, trạng thái của một người, con vật hoặc sự kiện trong hiện tại

* Với Thì Hiện Tại Đơn của động từ TO BE, ta có thể đặt được những câu như thế nào?

- Vốn từ càng nhiều, bạn càng đặt được nhiều câu Về kiểu câu, bạn sẽ đặt được những câu như vài thí dụ sau:

Tôi là bác sĩ

Cô ấy là sinh viên

Bà tôi rất già

Cái cây viết ở trên bàn

Em mệt không?

Nó không thành thật Con gái bạn rất đẹp

*Công thức Thì Hiện Tại Đơn của động từ TO BE:

Từ giờ trở đi bạn hãy nhớ, khi học công thức một thì nào, ta luôn học 3 thể của nó:

Thể khẳng định: là một câu nói xác định, không có chữ “KHÔNG” trong đó

Chủ ngữ + AM / IS / ARE + Bổ ngữ

Thí dụ: I AM A TEACHER (Tôi là giáo viên)

HE IS A STUDENT (Anh ấy là sinh viên) SHE IS A SINGER (Cô ta là ca sĩ) Thể phủ định: là một câu nói phủ nhận điều gì đó, có chữ “KHÔNG” ngay sau chủ ngữ

Chủ ngữ + AM / IS / ARE + NOT + Bổ ngữ

+Cách viết tắt:

I AM NOT = I'M NOT

IS NOT = ISN'T ARE NOT = AREN'T Thí dụ: HE IS NOT HANDSOME (Anhấy khôngđẹp trai) YOU ARE NOT STUPID (Bạn không có ngu) Thể nghi vấn: là một câu hỏi :

AM / IS / ARE + Chủ ngữ + Bổ ngữ ?

Thí dụ: IS HE HANDSOME = Anh ấy đẹp trai không?

AM I TOO FAT? = Tôi có quá mập không vậy?

IS SHE PRETTY? = Cô ấy đẹp không hả?

IS HE RICH? = Ông ta giàu không vậy?

ARE YOU OK? = Bạn có sao không vậy?

Lưu ý: Bổ ngữ có thể là một ngữ danh từ, có thể là một tính từ, có thể là một trạng ngữ

Thí dụ: Bổ ngữ là danh từ: I AM A YOUNG TEACHER = tôi là một giáo viên trẻ (A YOUNG TEACHER là một ngữ danh từ)

Bổ ngữ là tính từ: I AM YOUNG = tôi trẻ (YOUNG là tính từ)

Bổ ngữ là trạng ngữ: I AM AT HOME = tôi đang ở nhà (AT HOME là trạng ngữ, chỉ nơi chốn)

EXERCISE 1:

Chose the correct form of the verb to be - am/is/are.

1 It cold today

2 I at home now

4 There a pen on the desk.

5 My name Nikita

6 We from Ukraine

7 That right

8 I OK, thanks

9 Clara and Steve married

Fill in the blanks with the right subject / personal pronouns (I, you, he, she, it, we, they):

1 Angelina Joli is American isn't French

2 Brad Pitt is American, too isn't German

3 Brad and Angelina aren't French are American

4 My friend and I are high school students aren't primary school students

5 The Statue of Liberty is in New York isn't in Washington

Fill in the blanks with the right form of to be ( am, are or is):

1 you the new student?

2 Yes, I

3 Leila and Nancy students

4 Nancy Australian

5 My sister and I students

6 The girls tired

7 These women beautiful

8 The tea delicious

9 Nadia and Leila friends

10 The newspaper cheap

Choose the correct answer (negative or affirmative form of to be):

1 Is Julia Robert French? No, she French

2 What about Robert de Nero? Is he an American actor? Yes, he

3 Are New York and Los Angeles Spanish Cities? No, they

Spanish cities

4 Is Big Ben in Paris? No, it in Paris

5 Is Mount Everest in Africa? No, it in Africa

It is in Asia

Fill in the blanks with the right subject / personal pronouns (I, you, he, she, it, we, they):

1 Angelina Joli is American She isn't French

2 Brad Pitt is American, too He isn't German

3 Brad and Angelina aren't French They are American

4 My friend and I are high school students We aren't primary school students.

5 The Statue of Liberty is in New York It isn't in Washington

Fill in the blanks with the right form of to be (am, are or is):

1 Are you the new student?

2 Yes, I am

3 Leila and Nancy are students

4 Nancy is Australian

5 My sister and I are students

6 The girls are tired

7 These women are beautiful

8 The tea is delicious

9 Nadia and Leila are friends

10 The newspaper is cheap

Choose the correct answer (negative or affirmative form of to be):

1 Is Julia Robert French? No, she is not French

2 What about Robert de Nero? Is he an American actor? Yes, he is

3 Are New York and Los Angeles Spanish Cities? No, they are not Spanish cities

4 Is Big Ben in Paris? No, it is not in Paris

5 Is Mount Everest in Africa? No, it is not in Africa It is in Asia

LESSON 6: SIMPLE PRESENT

The simple present tense in English is used to describe an action that is regular, true or normal

We use the present tense:

1 For repeated or regular actions in the present time period.

 I take the train to the office.

 The train to Berlin leaves every hour.

 John sleeps eight hours every night during the week.

2 For facts.

 The President of The USA lives in The White House.

 A dog has four legs.

 We come from Switzerland.

3 For habits.

 I get up early every day.

 Carol brushes her teeth twice a day.

 They travel to their country house every weekend.

4 For things that are always / generally true.

 It rains a lot in winter.

 The Queen of England lives in Buckingham Palace.

 They speak English at work.

Verb Conjugation & Spelling

We form the present tense using the base form of the infinitive (without the TO)

In general, in the third person we add 'S' in the third person.

I / you / we /

they speak / learn English at home

he / she / it speaks / learns English at home

The spelling for the verb in the third person differs depending on the ending of that verb:

1 For verbs that end in -O, -CH, -SH, -SS, -X, or -Z we add -ES in the third person.

 go – goes

 catch – catches

 wash – washes

 kiss – kisses

 fix – fixes

 buzz – buzzes

2 For verbs that end in a consonant + Y, we remove the Y and add -IES.

 marry – marries

 study – studies

 carry – carries

 worry – worries

NOTE: For verbs that end in a vowel + Y, we just add -S.

 play – plays

 enjoy – enjoys

 say – says

Negative Sentences in the Simple Present Tense

To make a negative sentence in English we normally use Don't or Doesn't with all verbs

EXCEPT To Beand Modal verbs (can, might, should etc.).

 Affirmative: You speak French

Negative: You don't speak French.

You will see that we add don't between the subject and the verb We use Don't when the subject is I, you,we or they.

 Affirmative: He speaks German

Negative: He doesn't speak German.

When the subject is he, she or it, we add doesn't between the subject and the verb to make a negative sentence Notice that the letter S at the end of the verb in the affirmative sentence

(because it is in third person) disappears in the negative sentence We will see the reason why below

Negative Contractions

Don't = Do not

Doesn't = Does not

I don't like meat = I do not like meat.

There is no difference in meaning though we normally use contractions in spoken English

Word Order of Negative Sentences

The following is the word order to construct a basic negative sentence in English in the Present

Tense using Don't or Doesn't.

Subject don't/doesn't Verb* The Rest of the sentence

I / you / we /

eat / like etc cereal for breakfast

he / she / it doesn't

* Verb: The verb that goes here is the base form of the infinitive = The infinitive without TO

before the verb Instead of the infinitive To have it is just the have part.

Remember that the infinitive is the verb before it is conjugated (changed) and it begins with TO

For example: to have, to eat, to go, to live, to speak etc

Examples of Negative Sentences with Don't and Doesn't:

 You don't speak Arabic.

 John doesn't speak Italian.

 We don't have time for a rest.

 It doesn't move.

 They don't want to go to the party.

 She doesn't like fish.

Questions in the Simple Present Tense

To make a question in English we normally use Do or Does It has no translation in Spanish though it is essential to show we are making a question It is normally put at the beginning of the question

 Affirmative: You speak English

Question: Do you speak English?

You will see that we add DO at the beginning of the affirmative sentence to make it a question

We use Dowhen the subject is I, you, we or they.

 Affirmative: He speaks French

Question: Does he speak French?

When the subject is he, she or it, we add DOES at the beginning to make the affirmative sentence a question Notice that the letter S at the end of the verb in the affirmative sentence

(because it is in third person) disappears in the question We will see the reason why below

We DON'T use Do or Does in questions that have the verb To Be or Modal Verbs (can, must,

might, should etc.)

Word Order of Questions with Do and Does

The following is the word order to construct a basic question in English using Do or Does Do/Does Subject Verb* The Rest of the sentence

Do I / you / we /

want etc a new bike?

Does he / she / it

*Verb: The verb that goes here is the base form of the infinitive = The infinitive without TO

before the verb Instead of the infinitive To have it is just the have part.

Remember that the infinitive is the verb before it is conjugated (changed) and it begins with TO

For example: to have, to eat, to go, to live, to speak etc

Examples of Questions with Do and Does:

 Do you need a dictionary?

 Does Mary need a dictionary?

 Do we have a meeting now?

 Does it rain a lot in winter?

 Do they want to go to the party?

 Does he like pizza?

Short Answers with Do and Does

In questions that use do/does it is possible to give short answers to direct questions as follows:

Sample Questions Short Answer

(Affirmative)

Short Answer (Negative)

Do you like chocolate? Yes, I do No, I don't

Do I need a pencil? Yes, you do No, you don't

Do you both like

Do they like chocolate? Yes, they do No, they don't

Does he like chocolate? Yes, he does No, he doesn't

Does she like chocolate? Yes, she does No, she doesn't

Does it have four wheels? Yes, it does No, it doesn't

However, if a question word such as who, when, where, why, which or how is used in the

question, you can not use the short answers above to respond to the question