EXPlANAT~Y ~ EXAMPlE ANSWERS ANO AU OIO SCRIPTS FOR MOOEL TE STSIMOOEl TEST 6 131 t/ The talk summarizes 8 short lacltJ r8 . t/ Inaccuracies in the content are minor. t/ The talk is dif8CI and well-organizoo. '" The &efltencel Bfe logically connecloo. '" Details and eJ!8mples suppo rt lhe opinion. '" The speaker expresses complete thoughts. '" The meaning is easy 10 compj"ehend . '" A wide range of vocabulary 'I used. '" The speaker p8rapnrll58lin hlshler own WOrdl . '" The speaker aedits the lecturer with wording. '" Errors In gratlVTlll1 are minor. '" The \alk Is within 8 range of 125-150 woros . Summary reading • Millef·Urey • Crea la conditions lifa in E's atmosphere Water, methane, hydrogen, ammonia H ea l+ a~lch~ • Weeb amloo acids • Posited Simple life loons In oceans Comets + me teorites amino acids Rarerred 10 as "'primo rdial sou p· LIving structures on E ~ natural evolution atmosphera "","" CritiCism -+ procedu ra + conclusions • Procedure Constant electrical stimulatiOn Acids more CXlfICeIltra t ed Amount oxygen reduced -+ incorrect proportlons · """"""""" E similar 10 meteorites '" amino acids trom beginning AckIs deposited meteorite crash on landmasses nghlcd m<l 738 ANSWERS AND AUDIO SCRIPTS FOR ACTIVITlES. OUIZZES. AND MODEL TESTS PrimorIIial ,"",,, " - M OIe ,·Urey ,- """"""" Create _ c ~ eo"" M eonditioo oJ """"'" r- _. M'" I """ / \ ~- 1 Primordial "'H~ c.mo. CQneent"ted , ~ - I- """ -" I I begio •• ~ ~ "'" NalUfa! - I"coheet , " "'" PlG~"''lion. r- oo"., Example &say The Miller·UrBY experiment as an attempt to recreate the conditions under which life may have evolved in the Eanh's atmosphere. Arsl, aler. methane. hydfOgen. end ammonia were healed and electrical charges ere administered to simulate strong electrical storms that ere probably part 01 early conditions. At the end 01 a few eeks. amino acids ere Identified In the liquid. Miller and Uroy posited that simple life forms could have been nurtured in the early oceans. and h.lrthermore. that comets and meteorites could have added more amino acids to the oceans. The mixture. referreclto as "primordial soup," seemed to suggesl lhat living SlructUr8S on Earth could have developed from lhe nalural evolu- tion 01 the atmosphere. Recent criticism 01 Miller and U rey calls into question both lhe procedure for the experiment and the conch.lsions. First. the mixlure as subjected to constant electrical stimulation; nowever. storms In the early atmosphere ere probably nol continuous. Second. the amino acids that ere crested in the lab- oratory were probably more concentr ated,han those produced in the natural envirOnment. Th ird, there is some question aboullhe amount of oqgen lhat as reduced from the experimental mlxlure. a seri- ous concern since the proportions would have to be the same lor a simulation to be achieved. Finally. some researchers suggest lhe possibility that early Earth as similar to meteorites. and consequently. may have contained amino acids from the beginning or amino aCids may have been deposited when meteorites crashed into the landmasses 01 a young planet Earth. . Checkllsl for '"t.gralftl &say '" The essay ans ers the topic question. '" Inaccuracies in the conlent are miflOf. '" The essay is direct and ell-orgallized. '" The sentences are logically connected. EXPl.ANATORY OR EXAMPlE ANSWERS AND AUDIO SCRIPTS FOR MODEl TESTSIMOOEL TEST 6 739 tI' OetaMs and examples support the main idea. tI' The writar expresses complete thoughts. tI' The meaning Is easy to comprehend. tI' A wide range of vocabulary Is used. tI' The writer paraplYases in hisIt1er own words. tI' The writer credits the author with wording. tI' Errors In granvnar and idioms are minor. tI' The essay Is within a range 01150-225 WOlds . fu lE~IItSir ,.~Es:sAr u' LLo A FlMf8u .Utgr" Advantages own OOlJnIfy • Teacher has similar experience - can use Ll • Cheaper than Joreign travel • Less slresslul Advantages /ofeign country • Natural speech-accent. Idioms • Cultural oontexl- oohaviofs • Opportunities My ?Pinion - Intermedi ate proficiency own country • advanced abroad I ""'""'" """ '''''''' ='" country I I Choopo, CuRural ODnt&xl T_ " Lou """ 8Jluch Intennediate own country """""" - righted aler 740 ANSWERS AND AUDIO SCRIPTS FOR ACTIVITIES. DUIZZES. AND MOOEL TESTS fDIIIp/e &ay There are many advantages 10 learrVog a language in you r own country. In the first place, it is QUite a lot cheapef than it WOIJId be to travetlO the country where the language Is spoken. The cost 01 airlate. liv- i ng ac:commodations. lood. and llJition at a foreign school can be prohibitively high. In addition . there is leas SI .oss Involvod in leaming in n familia. ()nviror>monl. Studying nbroad roqu; .oe thaI you SpOOk lho lor· elgn language all the lime 10 acoornplish basic activities . Although it is an oppottuMy to use the language d ai ly in a .eal setting. ~ can be very wearing. Flnally.1t is advantaQEl:OUS to I\ave teachers who spealt you. native language because they I\ave gone through the same stages of learning the foreign language that you are experiencing. and they know how 10 explain the new language by relating It 10 the native language . Nevertheless. an argument can be made lor learning a language In the country in which it is spoken. Only there can you truty hear the oooent and idiom! of natural speech . Being surrounded by the lorelgn language allows you to acquire nuances thaI elude the classroom. II Is also beooficIa/ 10 I9arn the Ian- guage within the context 01 the cutture so thaI you can leam the behaviors thai accompany language. For example, learning how to order in a restaUlllnt when you are right \hefe with native speakers win also let you see how to behave in a restaurant in the loreign country. FInally. thefe are ollen opporturVties that occur wh i le you are In ano4her country. Friendships can result In Invitations to spend time with native speakOl'S in their homes. and possibilities can pmsenl lhemse/ves lor wor1I or sludy In \he foreign country. In my opinion. the best way to team a Jangoage Is 10 achieve an intermediatele'l/et of profidenc;y In your own country and then 10 travel to the country where the language is spoken to make progress !rom the inter- mediate to the advanced level. By using this plan. you can benelit !rom the advantages 01 boIh opIioIlS . 0/ The essay answers the topic question. 0/ The point 01 view or position is clear. iii' The essay is direct and well-organized. iii' The S8fl tences are logically connected. iii' Details and examples support the maln Idea. iii' The wri ter expresses comptete thoughts. iii' The meaning is easy to comprehend . iii' A wide .a nge 01 vocabulary Is used. iii' Various types 01 sentences ere Included. iii' Errors In grammar and idioms ere minor. 0/ Th e essay is wit h in a range of 3OCI-35O words. EXPl ANATORY OR EXAMPLE ANSWERS AND AUDIO SCRIPTS FOR MOO€l TEST SIMOOEl TEST 7 741 MOOEL TEST 7: PROGRESS TEST ~ Reading , 1 "TIlE #h1lltJl.11IJI& Crcu n 1. B Solar en6I0' is /he SOUfC8 of power for /he nydrOlOgic cyde paraphrases "The hydrOlogiC cycle Is driven by solar enetgy" and begins by 8V8JXX8ting wafer from plants, soil, OC68ns, and Ire~ water sources paraphrases 'evaporates water from oceans, freshwater bodies, soils, and vegetation.' 2. 0 "The hydIoIogic cycle is the transfer of water from the oceans 10 the atmosphere to the land and back to the oceans ." Choices A and B are not COITec1 because they ere not complete since they reler to only pan 01 the cycle. Choice C is not COI'Tec1 because It refers to water sources , not the process. 3. 0 "Of the total 1.3 billion km waler on Earth, about 97 % is in oceans . and about 2% is glaciers and Ice caps . The rest [01 the walerl is in freshwater on land and In the atmosphere: The pr0- noun phrase "The rest' does not refer to Choipes A, B, and C. 4. B ' the building 01 large dams and r&sefVOirs , can change the amount of water evaporeted into the atmosphere and change the location and amount of precipitation on land: Choice A Is not correc1 because pavement Increases flooding. Choice C Is not correct because it refers to the purpose 01 the man-made water sources, not to their effec1 on the water cycle. Choice 0 Is no! COITec1 because aqueducts transport water from the mountains, but they do not imp!OYEl the flow into the oceans. 5. C " ••• water on land [freshwaterl is important in moving dlemiCals, sculpturing landscape, _ath- ering rocks. transporting sediments , and providing our water I'9SOIJroe5.' Choice A is not cor- rect because the rate of evaporation is not compared. Choice B is not COITec1 because 9 1% 01 the water Is In oceans, not freshWater sources . Choice 0 is Irue . but It is not the reason why lreshwater is considered important. 6. B In this passage, pattis a synonym lor "oomponent: Context comes from the references to "per- centages." 7. C In this passage, bBsic is a synonym lor "fundamental ." Context comes !rom the usage with "unit,' which Is ollen described as 'basic ' or "fundamental.' 8. A "A drainage basin is usually named lor its main stream or river, such as !he Mississippi River drainage basin ." The ptrase·SUCh as" signals an example, Choic8s B. C, and 0 a re true, but they are not the reason that the euthor mentions the Mississippi River, 9. 0 ' , this relatively small amount 01 water in the gklbal waler cycle (0. 001 % 01 the to t al water on Earthl produces a1 t our freshwater resources." Choice A is not correct because the resi- dence time 019 days is more than one week. Choice B is not correct because both glaciers and oceans are unsuitable lor human use. Choice C is not c:orrect because CJN.t a relatively small amount 01 water Is in !he global water cycle at any one time. 10. C ", . , the problem is water's availability in the right place at the right time In the right form." Choice A is not COfT8Ct because total water abundance Is not the problem. Choice B Is not cor- rect beea'l$8 people, plants, and animals oompete for water, but there is no evidence In !he paragraph that plants and animals are us ing the water that humans require, ChoIce 0 is no! correct because the age of water is not mentioned as a safety hazard. 11. C In th is passage, important is a synonym for "significant: Context comes from the numbers in \he fraction. 1 2. C Cause and effect is a transitional device that connects \he insert sentence with the previous sentence. The cause is "distribution 01 water on land Is tar /rom lriIorm " and the result Is water EXPLANATORY OR EXAMPLE ANSWERS AND AUDIO SCRIPTS FOR MOOEL TESTSJUOOEL TE ST 7 743 READI*S 3 "t:s.Quur.r PATfJIT!" 27. 0 " . palents are about the conlIot 01 technology." ChoIces A and Bare no l CO«eet because prOlesls and lawsuits ere caused by patents, but Ihey are not the re ason lor pateots to exis t. Choice C is not COI'TecI because the "incentive and rew ard" to InventOfS Is the reason tout ed [pubtic::ized[ but not the real reason. 28. 0 "In the 17605 . Arkwright Invan led the weler·powered spinning frame, a machine destined to bri og collon-aplonlng out oIlhe horne and 1 010 lhe fac1ory . " [a machine) was an invention." The pronoun " tt" does not re lM to Choices A, B. Of C. 29. A Among the laws to protect Britain from competition paraphrases 1"0 protect its [Britain's) com· petitive advantage . . . Parfiameot eoacted a serie5 01 restrictive measures," and the textile indlJ$tryparaphrases "manul ac1ured cloth ." • a ban on exporting Arlrwrigtrt equipment pa r a· phrases "the prohibition 01 the expor1 01 Arkwright mach i nery'" and the {bIJn Oil} emigratioo of former employees paraphrases "the emigration 01 any worIters who hed worlted in factories u Sing it [Arkwright machinery]." 30. C " Samuel Slater. who had worIted for years In the Arkwright miUs . left England . . . disguised as a farmer • he was an Intellectual property thief." Choice A is no . COffee! because Slater esteblished the texlile mi ll in Am9fica, not in Great Bri la in . Choice B Is not COI'Teet because Sla ter was.he only wor1<er from Britain. Choice 0 Is not oormct because Slater broke the law. 3 t. A In this passage, discoveries is a synonym f or "innovations." Context comes from the i ntrodUC- .ion In Ihe firsl paragraph that explains the "rig hts " for 1nventors ." 32. B " By the early 19705 U.S. Industry demanded greatar protection for ils idea-based products ." Choice A is not correct because Ihe free exchange wa s favored earfler In lhe history of the Un ited Sta le s. Choloa C Is no . correct because the United States pushed f or standards In Inter· natlonal t rade agreements. Choloa 0 Is not corr ee! because Ihe United States blamed the Third Worid nations l or piracy. 33. A " . . . a counterclaim that these were ·nawral' or 'raw' ma lerials andlherelore did no . qualify l or paleots ." Choloa B is not corr ed because a high percentage of the materials originat ed in piant and animal germ plasm taken Irom the developi ng world. Choice C is not correcl because barely a cen . of royalties had been paid. Choice 0 Is a claim against pirates In the Third WoOd , but it Is not a justillcation for using pl ants and animals from Ihe developing wor1d . 34. B "Such unacknowledged and uncompensated appropriation they named ·biopiracy .'· Choices A, C, and 0 are not pan oIlhe authors delinitioo. 35. B In this passage , assist is a syoooym IOf"facilitate." Context co mes from logical reasoning in the sentence that soggesls a positive effect. Choice D can be eliminat ed because It woukl have a negative elled . 36. 0 In this passage, ideas Is a synonym tor "notions." Conle~1 comes fr om the reterence to the abstract concepts of "property and creativity." 37. A The word "Conquest" c:onveys the idea 01 domination, power, and unlair practioes. Choices B and C are tfl.le, bullhay do not explain the use of the wo rd "ConqUe5t ." Choice 0 is not correct beeause the trade ag.eemenls pr&v&nt developing nations from axertlng the power that they mlgh' obtain ttvoogh ownership 01 valuable resources. 38. A Chronological Ofder lIS well as cause and effect are transitional devices tha t connect the tnsert sentence with the previous and following sentences. "Arriving in the U.S." In the inse r1 sen- tence would have to loIlow Ihe reference in the previous sentence to the lime when Slater 1eft England lor the New Wor1d '" The recreation of the factory In the Insert sentence was the cause that "eoabled the production of commercial-grade cotton cloth In the N ew World" mentioned in the following sen te nce. 39. A, D, F summarize the passage. Choices B and C provide an exampte that develops major point A. Choice E Is a detall that supports major point D. I lYngh maler I 748 ANSWERS ANO AUOIO SCRIPTS FOR ACTIVlnES, OUIZZES, ANO MODEL TESTS Hera's a translation , To translate an object means that we move it, but we do it without rotation Of reflection, tt'8 slmpfy placed somewhere else on the plane, And lor our purposes, we ' re talklng aboot a flat plane. So, In th is 1IJC8mpl& , uh , we lust moved H over a little b it Okay, this Is my last example of symmetry and Ws referred to as glide rellection. Th is is the most complex type 01 symmetry because it involves two steps Instead of one, A glide reflec1ion is a combina- tion 01 a rellection and a Iranslation along the direction 01 the mirror line. So , uh, you can see the two 8Iepa here. Finn , we nip it oYer and \hen we move il somewhere else on the plane. 01 course these concepts can be generaliz.ed to Include spatial symmetry as wel l. But, symmetry on a nat plane Involves positioning all points around the plane so their positions In relationship to each remain constant • , • although their absolute poSitions may be SUbject to change. To put it in simple terms, It an object looks the same to)lOY after you spin it aroond, llip it over, or look at It in a mirror, then that object probably has symmetry, Syrnmel!)'. sucti a fundamental Ofganlzli'iQ'"prlnapie thai an obf8CI with symmet ry can be identifl8d 1 091 0Ul tieing able to see the-:Uh, •• , the entire otlfeCl Our brains somehow piece together \he jNIjtIgpil!R' lO f OflTl a symm8inear wt1OIe. Which Is real~ rather el(!raord lroary. when you think ebout II , AI some very basic levet, syrrmetry may be pari 01 the way that we . that we Ofgani2:e our th inklng. And 01 cour se , tha t woold explain why it's so pleasing. So now let's retum to symmet ry In art, Symmetry stands out and attracts attention, It's the system of organization lor pattems. But what is a pattern? " )iiIMrm 1iii'lhiili!.~Jjli(~ t~~ ~ ~W we said belore, tffij Is often symmetJy , but a pattern also has a basle uri!\, thafls uh, objiet !hal's the smallest diSCl'8t8 part 0I1ne image. As you'll recalilrom t he types 01 symmetry (hal we diCussed, the le tt er Rwas t he baSk: unit Okay, finally, a pattarn has repetition, which can be ~ flCit 01 a uriif' Of 8 group Of unas, And , uh , this repetition, In much of art, this repetition is arranged syrnmetrieallV. h 'c . """"'" r- _. M'" I """ / ~- 1 Primordial "'H~ c.mo. CQneent"ted , ~ - I- """ -& quot; I I begio. is wit h in a range of 3OCI-35O words. EXPl ANATORY OR EXAMPLE ANSWERS AND AUDIO SCRIPTS FOR MOO€l TEST SIMOOEl TEST 7 741 MOOEL TEST 7: PROGRESS TEST ~ Reading , 1 "TIlE. essay is direct and ell-orgallized. '" The sentences are logically connected. EXPl.ANATORY OR EXAMPlE ANSWERS AND AUDIO SCRIPTS FOR MODEl TESTSIMOOEL TEST 6 739 tI' OetaMs