MOOEl TEST SlAEADING SEC TION 373 25 . Look at th e lour squar es I_I that show where the fOllowing sentence could be inserted in the passage. Wright matched his new and fundllmenta"nteriol' spatlalamngement In his exterior tnllatment Where could the sentence best be added? Click on a square I_I to Insert the sentence in the passage. 26. Directions : An introduction for a short summary of the passage appears below. Complete the summary by selecting the THREE answer choices that mentiOn the most important po ints in the passage. Some sentences do not belong In the summary because they express ideas that are not included in the passage or are minor points from the passage. Thl. queM/on I. worth 2 po i nt •• By 1900, Frank Uoyd Wright had developed a un ique style 01 architectunll. • • • Answer Cho i ces @J Wright spent a few years extending his influence to Europe where he w as well known. IBI Frank lloyd Wright had attended the Uni· versity of Wisconsin prior to taking a position with a Chicago firm. 1CI Wright became famous lor spaces that were true to their organic functions. """" 3 01 , Ie. A,. " IDI -Fallingwater; li ke other suburban and country homes that Wright built, joined the structure to the natural settir.g. lEI Wright was interested in the design of German building blocks f or ch ildren cre- ated by Friedrich Froebet. [EJ Robie House and other buildir.gs in Chicago were examples of an organ ic structure called a -prairie house." The status 01 women In a society dependS in large measure on their role in the economy. !he reinterpretation of the Paleolithic past centers on new views of the role of women In the food-foraging economy. Amassing critical and previ· ously overlooked evidence from Oolnl Vestonice and the neighboring site of Pavlov, researchers Olga Soffer, James Adovasio, and David Hyland now pr0- pose that human survival there had little to do with men hurli ng spe8l'S at big. r.; n9h!~ 374 MORE MODEL TESTS game animals. Instead, observes Soifer, one of the world's leading authorities on fce Age hunters and gatherers and an arCMologlst at the University 01 illi- nois in Champaign-Urbana, It depended largely 00 women, plants, and a tech- nique 01 hunting previously invisible in the archeological evidence-net hunting. "This is nol th e image we've always had of Upper Paleolithic macho guys out killing an imals up close and personal." Soifer explains. "Net hunting is communal, and 1\ involves the labor of children and women. And this has lots of implications." Many 01 these Itnpllcatlons make her conservative colleagues cringe because they raise serious questions about the focus of previous studies. Euro- pean arcMologists have long concentrated on analyzing broken stone tools and butchered big-game bones, Ihe mosl plentilul and beSI preserved relics 01 the Upper Paleolithic era (which stretched Irom 40,000 to t2 ,000 years ago). From these analyses, researchers have developed theories about how these societies once hunted and gathered food. Most researchers ruled out the POS- sibility 01 women hunters for biological reasons. Adult females, they reasoned. had to devote themselves to breast-feeding and tending infants. "Human babies have always been immature and dependent," says Soifer. " II women are the people who are always involved with biological reproduction and the rearing of the young, then thai Is going to cojlstr8/n their behavior. They have to provi- sion that child. For lathers, provisioning is optional." To tesllheories about Upper Paleolithic Iile, researchers looked to ethnog- raphy, the scientific description of modem and historical cullural groups. While the lives of modern hunters do not exactly duplicate those 01 ancient hunters, they $Opply valuable clues to universal human behavior. 1n~1~ !@L~ _s:: S9 H.lij , otiJ f _ryea; ,, :W:C io"le 1C pI _ IlY . 1!'ij a key; Rart" ln neLlWIitm, iiI _ iij;j] "!::~~:,~~~ ;: jiIIico ""no ,_ Among ab l or example. Women as well as men knotted the mesh, laboring for as much as two or three years on a fine net. Among Native American groups, they helped lay out their handiwork on poles across a valley flOor. Then the entire camp joined forces as beaters. Fanning out across the valley, men, women, and children alike shouted and screamed, flushing out game and driving il in the direction 01 the net. "Everybody and their mother could participate," says Soifer. "Some people were bealing, others were screaming or holding the net. And once you got the net on these animals, they were immobitized. You didn't need brute lorce. You could club Ihem, hit them any old way: -+ People seldom returned home empty-heMed . Researchers Iivin9 amortg the net hunting Mbuli in the lorests ollhe Congo report that they capture game every lime they layout their woven traps. scooping up 50 percent 01 the ani- mals encountered. "Nets are a far more valued item in Iheir panoply of food- producing things than bows and arrows are," says Adovasio. So lethal are these traps that the Mbuli generally rack up more meal than they can consume, trading the surplus with neighbors. Other net hunters traditionally smoked or dried their catch and stored it for leaner times. MOOEl TEST SlREAO I NG SE CTION 375 -+ !8l Soffer do ubts that the inhabitants of DoInr Vestonice and Pavlov were the only net makers in Ice Age Europe .1BJ Camps stretching from Germany to Rus- sia are littered with a notable abundance of smaJl-game bones , fr om hares to birds like ptarmigan. And at least some of their inhabitants whittled bone tools that look much like the awls and net spacers favored by historical nel makers. ~ Although lhe fu ll range of their activilies Is unlikely ever 10 be known for cer- tain, there is good reason to believe thai Ice Age women played a host of pow - erful _ !OJ And the research that suggests those roles is rapidly changing our mental images of the past. For So ff er and others, these are exciting times. 27. How do Soffer's theories compare with lhase of more conservative researchers? a> They are in agr eeme nt for the mos t part regarding the activities that women performed. <D Soffer has based her theories on archeological evidence that her COlleagues had not considered. CD Conservative researchers are doubtful about the sludies of stone tools and big-game bon.,. a> H er theories are much more difficult to prove because she relies on modem cultural evidence. 28. The word b In the passage refers to a> evidence <D survival CD site CD) ted1nique 29. The word implications in the passage is closest in meaning to CD defects <D advantages CD suggestions a> controversies 30. Wha l can be inferred about Dr . Soffer from paragraph 2? CD She does not agree that women Should be the primary caretakers for ch ildren. <D She is probably not as conservative in h er views as many of her colleagues. <D She is most likely a biologist who is doing research on European women. CD> She has recently begun studying hunting and gathering in the Upper Paleolithic era. Paragraph 2 is marked with an arrow r ~ l . 31 . The word co nstrain in the passage is closest in meaning to <D limit <D plan CD notice CD> improve ngh eel ater 37& MORE MooEL T ES TS 32. Which of the sentences below best expresses the information in the highlighted statement In the passage? The ot he r choices change the mean i ng or leave out importantlnlo rmaUon . CD Hi storically, net hunting was considered too dangerous for women because it required physical strength that they did not possess. <D Women throughout history have participated in societies by tea ching their children how 10 use net hunting. co In many societies, the women did not participate In net hunting because hunting was an exception to historical traditions. CD Because, historically. net hunti ng was nol perilous and did not requi re great strength, women have been important participants in it. 33. Based on the informat ion in paragraph 3, which of the foliowing best explains the term "net hunting-? CD An approach to hunting developed by Australian fishermen <D A very dangerous method 01 hunting large animals co A way for the camp to protect women and children from wi ld animals CD A hunt ing techn ique that includes the entire community Paragr aph 3 is marked wi th an arrow I ~ J. 34. Why does the author me ntion Native American and Aborigine groups in paragraph 3? CD To give examples of modem groups in which women participate in net hunting <D To demonstrate how net hunting should be carried out in modern soc ieties co To describe net hunting techniques that protect the women in the group CD To contrast their net hunting techniques with tho se of the people in the Congo Paragraph 3 is marked with an arrow [ ~ ]. 35. According to paragraph 4, which 01 the following IS true about hunting in the Congo? CD The Mbull value their nets almost as much as their bows and arrows. <D Trade with o th er tr ibes Is limited because all fOOd mus t be stored. co Net hunters a re successlul in capturing half of their prey . CD Vegelables are the staple pari 01 the diet lor the Mbuli people. Paragraph 4 is ma rked with an arrow [-+ ]. 36. According 10 paragraph 5 , why does Soller conclude that net hunting was widespread In Europe during the tce Age? CD Because there are a lot of small game still living in Europe <D Because tool s to make nets have been found in c amps throughout Europe co Because the bones of small animals were found in Ooln' Veslonice and Pavlov CD Because German and Russ ia n researchers have verified her data Paragraph 5 is marked with an arrow I ~ l. )pynghled makr 11 MODEL TEST 5IFlEAD I NG SECTlON 3n 37. The wo rd ~ in the passage is closest in meaning to <D problems <D develOpments (p locations aD functions 38 . Look al the f our SQuares ,_ J that show where the following sentence could be inserted in the passage. SuCh findings , agree Soffer and Adova.lo , reveal Ju st how shaky the most wi dely accepted recons truction s of Upper Paleolithic life are. Where could the sentence best be added? Click on a square [ _ J to insert the sentence in the passage. 39 . DfrectJoos: Complete the table by matching the phrases on the left with the headings on the righ t. Select the appropriate answer choices and drag them to the theory to which they relate. TW O 01 the answer choices w iD NO T be used. Th is qlN!lSt l on Is worth 4 po i nts . To delete an answer choice, click on it. To see the passage, did< on View Te xt . Answer Cholcea I!I The Introduction oIlann l ng methods changed the status of women. IE Finding big game bones is a major purpose of archaeological digs. ICI Stone tools prove that Large animals were used for provisions. IDI Caring lor babies ~mited women to gathering food Instead 01 hunting. lEI B ig game hunting was not as important as net hunting in the Ice Age. [EJ Bows and arrows are considered less important than traps. IGI The responslbilitJes 01 women In the Paleolithic period Included net hunting. !HI Paleolith ic women participated in big ga me hunting expeditions. rn Bone tOOls such as spacers and aw ls provide evidence for the theory. Previous theories • • • Soffer's Theory • • • • ngh eel aler 318 MORE Moo EL TESTS USTENING SECTION o Model Test 5, listening Section, CD 7, Track 4, continued on CD 8, Track 1 The Ustening section lests your ability 10 unde rs tand spo ken Eng lish Ihal is typical of in terac- tions and academic speech on college ca mpuse s. Duri ng I he l es t, you will res pond to conver- sations and lectures. Th is Is the long for mat for the Usl en l ng section. On the long format, you will respo nd to three conversations and si x lect ure s. After each lis ten ing passage, you wi ll answer 5-6 questions about it Only tw o conversations and four lectur es will be graded. The o the r conversation and lectures are part 01 an experiment al section for future t es ts. Because you w ill not know wh ich conversations and lectures will be graded, you must try to do your best on all 01 them. You w ill hear each conversation or lecture one time. You may take notes wh il e you l is ten , but notes are not graded. You may useyour notes to answer the que stlo ns . Choose the be st answer lor multiple-choice questions. Follow the directions on the page or on the screen for computer-ass is ted questions. Click on Next and OK to go to the next queslion. You cannot return 10 prev io us questions. You have 20-30 minules 10 answer all of lhe ques- tions. A clock on the screen will show yoo how much time you have to complete your answers for the section. The clock does not count the t ime you are listening to the conversations and lectures. )pynghled makr 11 MODEL TEST 5IliSTENING SECTION 37t PART I w "u_ e G) CD G'l 1_ Why cIoes the woman go to see her professor? <D To get advice about memorizing information CD To clarify severallerms that she cIoesn1 understand CD To get permission to bring her children to class ~ To ask a question about Classroom procedures 2. What do semantic memory and epiSOdic memory have in common? <D They are both Included in short-Ierm memory. CD They cIo nol concentrate on each slep in the process. (C They are subcategories of declarative memory. <D They are the two major types of long-term memory. , ,,;- 3. When the professor gives the example of riding a bicycle, what kind of memory is he referring to? Q) Declarative memory <D EpiSOd ic memory CD Procedural memory ~ Semantic memory . University 01 illi- nois in Champaign-Urbana, It depended largely 00 women, plants, and a tech- nique 01 hunting previously invisible in the archeological evidence-net hunting. "This. women have been important participants in it. 33. Based on the informat ion in paragraph 3, which of the foliowing best explains the term "net hunting-? CD An approach to hunting. building blocks f or ch ildren cre- ated by Friedrich Froebet. [EJ Robie House and other buildir.gs in Chicago were examples of an organ ic structure called a -prairie house." The status