2&2 MORE MODEL TES TS 25. look at th e lour squares [ _ , that show wher e the following senlence could be inserted in the pa ssage. Some hl,torlans believe they can be established. Whe re could th e senlence best be added? Click on a squa re [- I to Insert the sen t ence in lhe passage. 26. Direction ,: An introduction lor a short summary 01 the passage appears below. Complete the su mmary by selecting th e THREE answ er choices thai menilon the most important points In th e passage. Some senlences do not belong in the summary because they express ideas th ai are not included in the passage or Ih ey are minor po i nts from the pa s- sage. Thl. question Is worth 2 pofnts. eert,ln qualities appear to dellne a civilization. • • • Answer Choices !AI Free citi zen s who work in professions for pay (DJ A strategic location near rivers or the sea IE] Organized r el igion, writing. and art !Bl Bureauc ra cies for the governme nt and armies ICl Ubraries to house art and written records 1IatIIIJ,3 "Ut. fn 0", SDIM S'ystlltn " lEI A de nsely populat ed group with a class structure Although we can imagine li fe based on so me th ing other than carbon ch em- Is try, we know 01 no examples to l el l us how such lile might arise and survive. We mu st limit our discussion to tife as we know it al'ld t he conditions it requires. The most important re qu irement is the pr esence 01 liquid water, not only as pa rt of the chemical rea ctions 01 lila, but also as a medium to transpo rt nutrients and wastes w ith in the organism. The water req uirement ~altYjeli m inates many worlds in our solar system. The moon is airless, and although some data suggest ice frozen in th e soil al ils poles, .II has never had liquid water on ilS surfa ce. In the vacuum 01 the lunar surface, liquid water would boil away rapidly. Mercury too is airless Mill ctrncn', MOOE1 TEST 3IREAOlNG SECTION 283 and cannot have had liquid water on its sulface for long periods of time. Venus has some traces of water vapor in its atmosphere. but it is much too hot for liq- uid water to survive. If there were any lakes or oceans of water on its sulface when it was young. they must have evaporated quickly. Even it life began there, no traces would be left now . The inner solar system seems too ho t, and the outer solar system seems too cold. The Jovian planets have deep atmospheres, and at a certain level, they have moderate temperatures where water mi ght condense Inlo liquid droplets. But it seems unlikely that life could begin there. The Jovian planets have no s ulfaces where oceans could nurture the beginning of life, and cur- rents in the atmosphere seem destined to circulate gas and water droplets from regions of moderate temperature to other levels that are much too hot or too cold for life to survive. A few of the satellites 01 the Jovian planets might have suitable conditions IOf life. Jupiter's moon Europa seems to have a liqUid-water ocean below its icy crust, and minerals dissolved in that water would provide a rich broth of possi- bilities for chemical evolution. !AI Nevertheless, Europa Is not a promising site to search lor lile beCause conditions may not have remained:sratMI:'or the bit- tioos 01 years needed lor lile to evolve beyond the microscopic stage. lSI If Jupiter's moons interact gravitationally and modify their orbits, Europa may have been lrozen solid at some points in history. ICI ~ Saturn'S moon Titan has an atmosphere of nitrogen, argon, and methane and may have oceans of liquid methane and ethane on its surface. IDI The chemistry of life that might crawl or swim 00 such a WOOd is unknown, but Iile there may be unlikely beCause of the temperature. The surface of Titan is a deadly - 179°C (-290°F). Chemical reactions occur slowly or nol al all at such low temperatures, so the chemical evolution needed to begin Iile may never have occurred on Tllan. ~ Mar s Is the most likely place for life in our solar system. The evidence. how- ever, Is not encouraging. Meteorite AlH84OO1 was found on the Antarctic Ice in 1984. It was probably part of debris ejected into space by a large impact on Mars . AlH84001 Is important because a team of scientists st ud ied it and announced In 1996 that it contained chemical and physical traces 01 ancient life on Mars. water on Earth has occurred. and some chemiCals in the meteorite may have iiIiiIilllilC! without the presence ol lile. The physi calleatu res that lOok lIk.e Iossll bacteria may be minerallormalio ns in the rock. , ! 284 MORE MOOEL TESTS Spacecraft now visiti ng Mars may hetp us understand the past history of water there and paint a more detailed picture of present conditions. Neverthe- less. conclusive evidence may have to wait until a geologist in a space SlJlt ca n wander the dry streambeds of Mars cracking open rocks and searchi ng for lossils. We are left to conclude that, so far as we know, ou r solar system is bare of life except fo r Earth. Consequently, ou r search fo r fife In th e universe takes us to ot he r planetary systems. 27. The word autQ matically in the passage is closest in meaning to <D partially <D actually <D occasionally CD nat ur ally 28. T ho word iI in tho paes3go relors to <D ice <D soil <0 moon CD solar system 29. Which 01 the lollowing statements about the water on Ven us is true? <D The water evaporated because of the high temperatures. CD The water became frozen in the polar regions. <D Only a l iHie water Is teft In smaJ l lakes on the surlace. CD Rain does not lall because there is no atmosphere. 30 . The word stable in the passage is closest in meaning to <A> visible <D active <D co nstant aD strong 31. What can be inferred from the passage about the Jovian planets? CD Some 01 the Jovian planets may have conditions that could support lile. <D Jupiter is classilied as one 01 the Jovian planets. CD Europa is the largest of the moons that revolve around Jupiter. CD The orbits 01 the Jovian planets have changed over time. Malc'ltll chrancnv a' ~rTl prav~ MOOEL TEST 3IflEADING SECTION 2S5 32 . According to paragraph 5, why would life on Titan be improbable1 <D It does not have an ocean. a> 1\ is not a planet. CD It is too cold. aD It has a low atmosphere. Paragraph 5 is maf1(ed with an arrow (-+ ). 33 . Which 01 the sentences below best exp r esses the information in the highlighted statement in the passage? The other choices change the mean i ng or leave out important inlormation. <D life on Mars was lound as a result 01 research in many cases. a> The evidence did not clemonstrate that there was lile on Mars In t he past. CD Many cases ollile were concluded in the history 01 Mars. aD The condusio n was that only one instance of life on Mars was verified. 34 . The word originated in the passage is closest in meaning to <D turned <D changed CD begun aD disappeared 35. Why does the author mention the meteorite ALH84001 in paragraph 61 <D Because it was lound in Antarctica aboulfifty years ago <D Because it was evidence 01 a recenl impact on Mars CD Because scientists thought that it contained evidence 01 life on Mars aD BlKause the meteorite prObably came Ir om Mars a long time ago Paragraph 6 is maf1(ed with an arrow 1-+]. 36. How will scientists conlirm the 8)(istence ollile on Mars? <D By sending unmanned spacecraft to Mars CD By looking at fossils on Mars CD By viewi ng pictures taken of Mars (1) By studying the present conditions on Mars 37. Which 01 the lollowing statements most accurately reflects the author's opinion about ~fe in our solar system1 CD Life is probably limited to planets In the Inner solar system. <D There is a large body of evidence supporting life on Mars. CD There is little probabil ity of life on other planets. (1) We should explore our solar syst em lor conditions thaI support lile. ,I ." 288 MORE MODEL TESTS 38. Look at the four squares [- 1 th at show where the following sentence could be Inserted in the passage. Such periods of freezIng would probably prevent life from developing . Where could the sentence best be added? Click on a square ,_ J to Insert the sentence In the passage. 39. Directions : An introduction lor a short summary 01 the passage appears below. Complete the summary by selecting the THREE answer choices th at mention the most Important points in the passage. Some sentences do not belong In the summary because they express ideas that are not included in the passage or are minor points from the passage. This qlJ6stlon I. worth 2 points. Cunent evidence does not support tn. theory of life In our solar system. • • • Answer Choices IAJ The meteorite that was discovered in the Antarctic in the 1980s was tho ug ht to contain evidence of early li fe on Mars, but it was later disputed. [BJ The planet that has the greatest proba- bility for life in t he past or now is Mars, but more investigation is required to dr aw conclusions. ICJ Europa has an ocean under the Ice on the surface 01 the moon, which may con- tain the chemical combinations required for lile to evolve. !DJ Although some of the moons that revolve around Saturn and Jupiter haye condi- tions that might support IIle, the evidence contradicts th is poSSibil ity. lEI Other planetary systems must have lile thaI is similar to that which has evolved on Earth because of the principles of car- bon chemistry. [EJ It is 100 hot for life on the planets near Ihe Sun in the I nn er sotar system and too cold on th e planets most removed from the Sun in the outer solar syst em . Malc'ltll chrancnv a' ~rTl prav~ MOOEl TEST 3IL ISTEN I NG SE CTION 281 LISTENING SECTION o Model Test 3, listening Section, CO 5, Track 5 The Ustening section tests your ability 10 understand spoken English that Is typical of interac- tions and academic speech on college campuses. During the t est , you will respond to conver· sations and lec1ures. Th is is the long lonnat for the Ustening section, On the long format, you wi ll respond to three conversations and six lectures. After eactllistening passage, you will answer 5-6 questio ns about it. Only two conversations and lour lec1ures wiU be graded. The other conversation and lectures a fe part of an experimental section for Mure tests. Because you wil l not know which conversations and lectures wi ll be graded, you mu st tty to do your besl on a ll of them . You will hear each conversation or lecture one li me . You may lake notes whi le you listen, but notes are not graded. You may use your notes to answer the questions. Choose the best answer for multiple-choice questions. Follow the directions on the page or on the screen lor computer·assisted questions. Click on Next and OK to go to the neX! quest ion. You cannot retum to previous questions. You have 20-30 minutes to answer all 01 the ques- tions. A clock on the screen will show you how much lime you have to complete your answers 10f the section. The clock does not count the time you are listening to the conversations and lec1ures . '01 '" ,'" 268 MORE M oo EL TESTS PART I Ust",llJ, 1 " 5tJldtnlts till t:.npus" ro." o"_ 6'") CD CD ® 1. What are the students mainly discussing? CD Groop sessions In the Offi ce of Career Development CD Th e advantages of career counseling for the man a:> The woman's Internship in t he OffICe of Caree r Oevelopment aD How to find employment in the f ield of career counseling 2. What is the man 's problem? ([l He does not have l ime to see an advisor. CD He does not have an internship yet. a:> He does not know wh ich career to choose. aD He does not have a;ob oHer after graduation. 3. Why does the woman tell the man about her ekperience? ~ CD To demonstrate th e benefits of going to the QHice of Career Development CD To encourage the man to talk with an advisor about an intemship a:> To suggest that he change his major from math to library science aD To give the ma n her opinion abou t his career decisi on h' k . a' ~rTl prav~ MOOEl TEST 3IL ISTEN I NG SE CTION 281 LISTENING SECTION o Model Test 3, listening Section, CO 5, Track 5 The Ustening section tests your ability 10 understand. answer 5-6 questio ns about it. Only two conversations and lour lec1ures wiU be graded. The other conversation and lectures a fe part of an experimental section for Mure tests there may be unlikely beCause of the temperature. The surface of Titan is a deadly - 179°C (-2 90°F). Chemical reactions occur slowly or nol al all at such low temperatures, so