Tóm tắt: Quản lý nhà nước đối với người sau cai nghiện ma túy trên địa bàn thành phố Hà Nội

From this analysis, the dissertation proposes comprehensive and feasible solutions to enhance state management, support post-rehabilitation drug users in reintegrating into society, contQuản lý nhà nước đối với người sau cai nghiện ma túy trên địa bàn thành phố Hà Nội Quản lý nhà nước đối với người sau cai nghiện ma túy trên địa bàn thành phố Hà Nội Quản lý nhà nước đối với người sau cai nghiện ma túy trên địa bàn thành phố Hà Nội Quản lý nhà nước đối với người sau cai nghiện ma túy trên địa bàn thành phố Hà Nội Quản lý nhà nước đối với người sau cai nghiện ma túy trên địa bàn thành phố Hà Nội Quản lý nhà nước đối với người sau cai nghiện ma túy trên địa bàn thành phố Hà Nội Quản lý nhà nước đối với người sau cai nghiện ma túy trên địa bàn thành phố Hà Nội Quản lý nhà nước đối với người sau cai nghiện ma túy trên địa bàn thành phố Hà Nội Quản lý nhà nước đối với người sau cai nghiện ma túy trên địa bàn thành phố Hà Nội Quản lý nhà nước đối với người sau cai nghiện ma túy trên địa bàn thành phố Hà Nội Quản lý nhà nước đối với người sau cai nghiện ma túy trên địa bàn thành phố Hà Nội Quản lý nhà nước đối với người sau cai nghiện ma túy trên địa bàn thành phố Hà Nội Quản lý nhà nước đối với người sau cai nghiện ma túy trên địa bàn thành phố Hà Nội Quản lý nhà nước đối với người sau cai nghiện ma túy trên địa bàn thành phố Hà Nội Quản lý nhà nước đối với người sau cai nghiện ma túy trên địa bàn thành phố Hà Nội Quản lý nhà nước đối với người sau cai nghiện ma túy trên địa bàn thành phố Hà Nội Quản lý nhà nước đối với người sau cai nghiện ma túy trên địa bàn thành phố Hà Nội Quản lý nhà nước đối với người sau cai nghiện ma túy trên địa bàn thành phố Hà Nội Quản lý nhà nước đối với người sau cai nghiện ma túy trên địa bàn thành phố Hà Nội Quản lý nhà nước đối với người sau cai nghiện ma túy trên địa bàn thành phố Hà Nội Quản lý nhà nước đối với người sau cai nghiện ma túy trên địa bàn thành phố Hà Nội Quản lý nhà nước đối với người sau cai nghiện ma túy trên địa bàn thành phố Hà Nội Quản lý nhà nước đối với người sau cai nghiện ma túy trên địa bàn thành phố Hà Nội Quản lý nhà nước đối với người sau cai nghiện ma túy trên địa bàn thành phố Hà Nội Quản lý nhà nước đối với người sau cai nghiện ma túy trên địa bàn thành phố Hà Nội Quản lý nhà nước đối với người sau cai nghiện ma túy trên địa bàn thành phố Hà Nội Quản lý nhà nước đối với người sau cai nghiện ma túy trên địa bàn thành phố Hà Nội Quản lý nhà nước đối với người sau cai nghiện ma túy trên địa bàn thành phố Hà Nội Quản lý nhà nước đối với người sau cai nghiện ma túy trên địa bàn thành phố Hà Nội Quản lý nhà nước đối với người sau cai nghiện ma túy trên địa bàn thành phố Hà Nội Quản lý nhà nước đối với người sau cai nghiện ma túy trên địa bàn thành phố Hà Nội Quản lý nhà nước đối với người sau cai nghiện ma túy trên địa bàn thành phố Hà Nội Quản lý nhà nước đối với người sau cai nghiện ma túy trên địa bàn thành phố Hà Nội

NATIONAL ACADEMY OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION

NGUYEN THI THU HA

STATE MANAGEMENT OF POST-REHABILITATION

DRUG USERS IN HANOI CITY

Field of study: Public Management

Code: 9 34 04 03

SUMMARY OF THE DOCTORAL DISSERTATION IN

PUBLIC MANAGEMENT

HANOI, 2024

This dissertation was completed at:

National Academy of Public Administration

Scientific Supervisors: 1 Assoc Prof Dr Le Thi Anh Van

2 Dr Ta Thi Huong

Reviewer 1: ………

………

Reviewer 2: ………

………

Reviewer 3: ………

………

The dissertation will be defended before the Academy's Dissertation Evaluation Council

Location: PhD dissertation defense room - Meeting room

………, National Academy of Public Administration

Address: No 77 - Nguyễn Chí Thanh Street - Đống Đa District – Hanoi Time: At … hour … minutes, on the … day of … month, 2024

The dissertation can be accessed at the National Library of Vietnam or the library of the National Academy of Public Administration

INTRODUCTION

1 Rationale of the Study

Drugs represent a global threat that nearly every country and nation worldwide must confront; they are one of the primary causes of criminal activities, social evils, and the spread of HIV/AIDS

On June 27, 2011, the Prime Minister issued Decision No 1001/QĐ-TTg approving the National Strategy for Drug Prevention, Control, and Management in Vietnam until 2020, with an orientation toward 2030 This strategy clearly defines the task: "To apply measures for managing and educating drug addicts, and to organize vocational training and job creation for post-rehabilitation individuals; to effectively implement the management of post-rehabilitation, and prevent relapse" [83]

Hanoi, as the political, economic, and cultural center of Vietnam, is facing a serious challenge regarding drug issues According to updated statistics as of December 14, 2023, the city has recorded 17,841 cases of drug addiction and use under management, with over 14,000 individuals currently living and working directly within the community Alarmingly, the abuse of synthetic drugs is on the rise, leading to severe consequences for public health, society, and public security This situation underscores the urgent need to strengthen drug prevention measures and post-rehabilitation management to protect public health and ensure social stability

Therefore, state management of post-rehabilitation drug users in Hanoi has become an urgent requirement Drug addiction not only results in severe consequences for individual health but also negatively impacts families, communities, and society as a whole Relapse, difficulties in community reintegration, and the lack of stable employment for post-rehabilitation individuals present significant challenges that local authorities must address In the context of rapid urbanization and increasing societal complexity, building and improving a management and support system for post-rehabilitation drug users in Hanoi is a crucial task, aimed at ensuring social welfare, reducing the harms of drug addiction, and providing opportunities for former drug users to reintegrate into society

From these discussions, it is evident that an in-depth study on state management of post-rehabilitation drug users in Hanoi is necessary to clarify both theoretical and practical issues, and to propose solutions for enhancing state management in this area in the coming period This holds both theoretical and practical significance These are the reasons why the researcher chose the topic "State Management of Post-Rehabilitation Drug Users in Hanoi" for this study

2 Research Objectives and Tasks

2.1 Research Objectives

Based on the development of a theoretical framework for state management of post-rehabilitation drug users, the research aims to analyze and assess the current state of such management in Hanoi It identifies policy and practical limitations and inadequacies From this analysis, the dissertation proposes comprehensive and feasible solutions to enhance state management, support post-rehabilitation drug users in reintegrating into society, contribute to reducing relapse rates, and ensure public order and security in Hanoi in the near future

2.2 Research Tasks

- Review domestic and international research related to the topic, evaluating

the contributions of previous studies to identify scientific gaps that this dissertation

post Propose solutions to strengthen state management, improve coordination

between agencies and organizations, and facilitate the reintegration of

post-rehabilitation drug users into the community in Hanoi

3 Research Subjects and Scope

3.1 Research Subjects

The dissertation focuses on the state management activities concerning rehabilitation drug users

post-3.2 Research Scope

- Content: The dissertation focuses on issues related to state management

activities concerning post-rehabilitation drug users in Hanoi It specifically addresses the following key aspects: Issuance of guidelines and plans for the implementation of state management of post-rehabilitation drug users; Organization of the administrative apparatus, and the assignment and coordination in state management

of post-rehabilitation drug users; Capacity of officials and civil servants engaged in state management of post-rehabilitation drug users; Organization of the management

of post-rehabilitation drug users; Dissemination and communication of legal provisions, and policies supporting post-rehabilitation drug users; Socialization of state management concerning post-rehabilitation drug users; Monitoring and

supervision of state management in this area

- Spatial Scope: The dissertation examines the state management activities related to post-rehabilitation drug users in Hanoi

- Temporal Scope: The research investigates the current state of state

management of post-rehabilitation drug users in Hanoi during the period from 2019

post-rehabilitation drug users?

- How is SM for post-rehabilitation drug users being implemented in Hanoi? What limitations are being encountered during the implementation process? What are

the causes of these limitations?

- What solutions need to be developed to enhance SM for post-rehabilitation drug users in Hanoi in the future?

4.2 Research Hypotheses

The state management activities regarding post-rehabilitation drug users in Hanoi have been ineffective, leading to limitations in their reintegration into society

The coordination between agencies and organizations in managing rehabilitation drug users in Hanoi faces many challenges, making it difficult to provide the necessary support services to help these individuals reintegrate into society and prevent relapse

post-Employment and social reintegration policies for post-rehabilitation drug users

in Hanoi have not adequately met the demand, resulting in a high rate of relapse

5 Methodology and Research Methods

5.1 Methodology

The dissertation is conducted based on the dialectical materialism and historical materialism methodology of Marxism-Leninism, the ideology of Ho Chi Minh, and the policies and viewpoints of the Communist Party of Vietnam regarding post-drug rehabilitation individuals and state management (SM) of post-drug rehabilitation individuals

5.2 Research Methods

5.2.1 Secondary Data Analysis Method

This method is used to collect, analyze, and extract information from sources related to the dissertation topic: “State management of post-drug rehabilitation individuals in Hanoi.”

5.2.2 In-depth Interview Method

The dissertation employs in-depth interviews to gather information and data by developing a semi-structured questionnaire system and directly engaging with stakeholders such as officials and civil servants working in social evils prevention and control; officials and civil servants directly managing post-rehabilitation drug users; and experts in social protection and social welfare activities

5.2.3 Survey Method Using Questionnaires

The dissertation conducts surveys targeting leaders, managers, officials, civil servants, and post-rehabilitation drug users To avoid biased survey results, the study applies a sample selection method based on specific target groups The research results are processed using SPSS data processing software

5.2.4 Synthesis Method

The dissertation uses the synthesis method across all four chapters to summarize the content after each explanatory and analytical section, aiming to provide an overview of the key findings clarified in related research works

5.2.5 Statistical and Descriptive Methods

This method is used to organize and present information in the most direct and general manner Data will be organized, summarized, and described using percentages, charts, tables, and graphs This method is primarily applied in Chapter 3, enabling the dissertation to analyze data from both field surveys (primary data) and secondary data

6 New Contributions of the Dissertation

This is the first research project on state management of post-rehabilitation drug users in Hanoi city Therefore, the dissertation offers the following new contributions:

- Based on the theoretical inheritance regarding post-rehabilitation drug users and state management of post-rehabilitation drug users, the dissertation has

developed a theoretical framework for state management of post-rehabilitation drug users

- It analyzes and evaluates the current state of state management for rehabilitation drug users in Hanoi The study identifies the key issues in the state management of post-rehabilitation drug users and the underlying causes of these issues

post The proposed solutions are tailored to the specific context of Hanoi in managing social issues and particular groups These solutions ensure public order and security, making this research of practical value for Hanoi's local government in addressing social problems, supporting vulnerable groups, and maintaining public order and safety not only in Hanoi but also across the country

7 Significance of the Dissertation

7.1 Theoretical Significance

The dissertation develops a theoretical framework for state management of post-rehabilitation drug users, contributing to the completion of the theoretical basis for state management of post-rehabilitation drug users

7.2 Practical Significance

The research findings of the dissertation provide a scientific foundation for leaders and managers within the state apparatus in organizing and implementing state management activities for post-rehabilitation drug users in Hanoi and other localities across the country

8 Structure of the Dissertation

The dissertation consists of an introduction, the main content, a conclusion, and appendices The main content is structured into 4 chapters as follows:

Chapter 1: Overview of research related to the topic

Chapter 2: Scientific basis for state management of post-rehabilitation drug users

Chapter 3: Current situation of state management of post-rehabilitation drug users in Hanoi

Chapter 4: Perspectives and solutions to enhance state management of rehabilitation drug users in Hanoi

post-CHAPTER 1: OVERVIEW OF RESEARCH RELATED TO THE TOPIC 1.1 Published domestic and international research related to the topic

1.1.1 Domestic and international research on drugs and drug addiction

1.1.1.1 International research

In the study titled "Prevention of Substance Abuse in Juvenile Delinquents:

Identification of Important Mentoring Process" (2013) [10], author Lindsey Michelle

Weiler analyzed and evaluated intervention methods aimed at preventing substance abuse among adolescents

Author Rebecca Askew, in her article "Negotiating the Criminality and

Deviance Associated with Illicit Substance Use: A Discourse Analysis of Interviews with Adult Recreational Drug Takers" (2013) [19], conducted a discourse analysis of

interviews with recreational drug users to explore how they perceive the relationship

between drug use and criminal behavior

1.1.1.2 Domestic research

In the article titled "Enhancing the Effectiveness of Cooperation in Combating

Drug-related Crime on the Vietnam-Cambodia Border" (2019) [50], author Bui Nam

Khanh analyzed and evaluated the collaborative efforts between Vietnam and Cambodia in combating drug-related crime

Author Đoan Nam Đan, in the article "Prevention of Drug Crime and

Addiction in Our Country Today" (2021) [36], issued a serious warning about the

impact of drug-related crime and addiction on Vietnamese society According to the author, this issue not only leads to negative health and economic consequences but

also erodes societal morals and poses a direct threat to national security

1.1.2 Domestic and international research on drug rehabilitation and rehabilitation individuals

post-1.1.2.1 International research

In the article "Drug Addiction: A Big Challenge for Youth and Children"

(2019) [2], authors Ajay Kumar, Indu Dangi, and Dr R.S Pawar asserted that drug addiction is a chronic, relapsing disorder

The American Addiction Center, in their article "Rehab Success Rates and

Statistics" (2021) [3], provided detailed statistics on relapse rates, the effectiveness of

rehabilitation programs, and a clear definition of post-rehabilitation recovery

1.1.2.2 Domestic research

Author Đo Thanh Huyen, in the article "Social Support Activities for

Post-Rehabilitation Drug Users in Hòa Bình City - Hòa Bình Province" (2017) [49],

offered insights into the current situation and challenges in supporting rehabilitation drug users in Hoa Binh City

post-In the article "Solutions for Developing Social Work Services to Assist Drug

Users" (2019) [88], author Pham Hong Trang conducted a survey on the current state

of social work services for drug users in Vietnam

Author Nguyen Thanh Phuong, in the article "Legislation on the Application of

Compulsory Rehabilitation Measures" (2020) [60], analyzed legal provisions related

to the measures for sending drug users to compulsory rehabilitation centers

1.1.3 Domestic and international research studies on state management of drug addicts and post-addiction individuals

1.1.3.1 International Studies

In the article "Drug Addiction: Current Trends and Management" (2017) [9], Jyotika Singh and Pradeep Kumar Gupta analyze drug addiction as a serious global issue and a leading cause of death Drug addiction and abuse annually result in millions

of deaths and millions of new HIV infections

Kenneth W Chapman, M.D., in his article "Management and Treatment of Drug Addiction" (2019) [16], points out that while drug addiction is not the most prevalent issue in the United States, it still leads to severe health and social consequences

1.1.3.2 Domestic Studies

Author Nguyen Cuu Duc, in his article "Promoting the Role of Local Government in Drug Rehabilitation and Management of Drug Users" (2022) [38], analyzes the increasing number of drug users and addicts, along with new regulations

in the Law on Drug Prevention and Control 2021

Author Le Van Gam, in his article "State Management of Drug Rehabilitation in Binh Duong Province" (2023) [39], presents the positive results achieved in the state management of drug rehabilitation in Binh Duong Province in recent times

Based on the study and inheritance of the above scientific achievements of researchers, the author selected the topic "State Management of Post-Rehabilitation

Drug Users in Hanoi City" as the research subject for their doctoral dissertation

1.2 Review and Evaluation of Related Studies

1.2.1 Issues that have been clarified

Firstly, studies on drugs, drug addicts, and post-drug rehabilitation individuals have clarified many issues that this dissertation can inherit

Secondly, studies on drugs in general and post-drug rehabilitation individuals

in particular have initially clarified some theoretical issues regarding post-drug rehabilitation individuals

Thirdly, a review of studies on the management of post-drug rehabilitation individuals shows that many scholars have recently been interested in this topic through a number of scientific studies at the ministerial level, doctoral and master's theses, and articles published in the mass media

1.2.2 Issues that have not been clarified

Firstly, the concept and content of managing post-drug rehabilitation individuals in previous studies have been mainly approached and evaluated in surveys of employment needs and assistance in creating jobs for this group

Secondly, most studies relate to the management and support solutions to create jobs for post-drug rehabilitation individuals to reintegrate into the community nationwide

Thirdly, studies have not yet analyzed the current situation and pointed out the existing problems and difficulties in state management activities for post-drug rehabilitation individuals in Hanoi in the current context through the contents of state management activities

1.2.3 Research orientation of the dissertation

Firstly, as a dissertation belonging to the field of public administration, approaching the issue of state management of post-drug rehabilitation individuals from the perspective of state management, this dissertation addresses theoretical

issues

Secondly, the management, assistance, and support for post-drug rehabilitation individuals have differences in approaches between different specialties and the practical implementation at different localities

Thirdly, starting from the perspective of state management agencies to study the issue of state management of post-drug rehabilitation individuals, this dissertation can supplement and develop proposals to strengthen state management of post-drug rehabilitation individuals in Hanoi

Chapter 2: SCIENTIFIC BASIS FOR STATE MANAGEMENT OF

POST-ADDICTION INDIVIDUALS 2.1 General Overview of Post-Addiction Individuals

2.1.1 Drugs and Related Issues

2.1.1.1 Drugs and Drug Addiction

Article 2 of the Law on Drug Prevention and Control 2021 stipulates:

“1 Narcotics are addictive substances or psychotropic substances listed in the narcotics list issued by the Government

2 Addictive substances are substances that stimulate or inhibit the nervous system, easily causing addiction in users

3 Psychotropic substances are substances that stimulate or inhibit the nervous system or cause hallucinations, which, if used repeatedly, can lead to addiction in users [62]

Based on the above viewpoints, this dissertation defines drug addiction as a chronic brain disease that causes users to become dependent on these substances Once addicted, it is very difficult to quit drugs, leading to serious physical and mental consequences for drug addicts.”

2.1.1.2 Drug Addicts

Clause 12, Article 2 of the Law on Drug Prevention and Control 2021 defines:

A drug addict is a person who uses drugs, addictive substances, psychotropic substances and becomes dependent on these substances [62]

Based on the above analysis, this dissertation proposes the following concept:

"A drug addict is a person who uses drugs, precursor chemicals that can cause addiction, and becomes dependent on that substance If they do not use drugs, it will affect the mind and behavior of that individual To overcome this dependence, support from family, friends, and society is needed."

2.1.1.3 Consequences of Drug Addiction

Firstly, drug addiction not only causes serious consequences for physical health but also devastates the addict's mental health

Secondly, the impact on families and society

Thirdly, difficulties in drug rehabilitation and reintegration into the community

2.1.1.4 Drug Rehabilitation

According to Clause 13, Article 2 of the Law on Drug Prevention and Control 2021: "Drug rehabilitation is the process of implementing activities to support health, psychology, and society, helping drug addicts to stop using drugs, addictive

substances, psychotropic substances, restore physical and mental health, raise awareness, change behavior to stop the illegal use of these substances" [62]

Based on the above analysis, this dissertation proposes the concept: "Drug rehabilitation is the process by which the State, community, and family use various methods and means to support drug addicts in overcoming their dependence on drugs and reintegrating into the community."

2.1.1.5 Relapse Prevention

Clause 6, Article 3 of Decree No 116/2021/ND-CP defines "drug relapse" as

"a case where a person who has completed compulsory drug rehabilitation or has finished substitution therapy for opioid addiction engages in the illicit use of drugs and is determined by a competent authority to be a drug addict" [30] Relapse prevention is a system of methods and approaches applied to support and assist drug addicts in avoiding the resumption of drug use

2.1.2 Post-Rehabilitation Individuals

2.1.2.1 Definition of Post-Rehabilitation Individuals

According to Article 40 of the Law on Drug Prevention and Control 2021, "a post-rehabilitation individual is a person who has completed voluntary drug rehabilitation, a person who has completed substitution therapy for opioid addiction,

a person aged 12 to under 18 who has completed a decision to be placed in a compulsory rehabilitation facility and is subject to post-rehabilitation management for a period of one year from the date of completion of rehabilitation or completion of the decision; or a person who has completed a decision to apply an administrative measure to be placed in a compulsory rehabilitation facility and is subject to post-rehabilitation management for a period of two years from the date of completion of the decision" [62]

Based on the above concepts, this dissertation defines "post-rehabilitation individual" as "a drug addict who has completed drug rehabilitation measures, including voluntary drug rehabilitation conducted at home, in the community, or in a drug rehabilitation facility, and compulsory drug rehabilitation conducted in public drug rehabilitation facilities

2.1.2.2 Characteristics of Post-Rehabilitation Individuals

Firstly, the physiological characteristics of post-rehabilitation individuals Secondly, the psychological characteristics of post-rehabilitation individuals

2.2 State Management of Post-Rehabilitation Drug Users

2.2.1 Concept and Characteristics of State Management of Rehabilitation Drug Users

Post-2.2.1.1 Concept

According to Clause 9, Article 3 of Decree 116/2021/ND-CP, rehabilitation management at the place of residence is a measure to support post-rehabilitation drug users in preventing relapse, reintegrating into the community, as decided by the Chairman of the People's Committee at the commune level as prescribed by law" [30]

"post-State management of post-rehabilitation drug users can be understood as a set

of activities carried out by competent state agencies to monitor, support, and facilitate the reintegration of post-rehabilitation drug users into the community Based on the

above analyses, this dissertation argues that: "State management of post-rehabilitation drug users is an implementation and administration activity of state agencies, conducted on the basis of law, to enforce the law in order to support, supervise, and guide those who have completed the drug rehabilitation process to reintegrate into the community, stabilize their lives and prevent relapse."

2.2.1.2 Characteristics of State Management of Post-Rehabilitation Drug Users

Firstly, state management of post-rehabilitation drug users requires close coordination among agencies, organizations, and units

Secondly, state management of post-rehabilitation drug users is the management of a special target group

Thirdly, state management of post-rehabilitation drug users is an activity that is both managerial, preventive, and supportive

2.2.2 State Management Subjects for Post-Rehabilitation Drug Users

The state management subjects for post-rehabilitation drug users are state agencies at all levels, from central to local, that carry out the state management function in preventing and combating social evils in general and managing post-rehabilitation drug users in particular

2.2.3 Objects of State Management for Post-Rehabilitation Drug Users

The objects of state management for post-rehabilitation drug users are individuals who have completed mandatory or voluntary rehabilitation programs but still require monitoring and support to prevent relapse and reintegrate into society The purpose of this management is to help post-rehabilitation individuals stabilize their lives, stay away from drugs, reintegrate into society, and become productive citizens

2.2.4 Goals and Requirements of State Management for Post-Rehabilitation Drug Users

The goal of state management for post-rehabilitation drug users is to implement state management activities for post-rehabilitation drug users in accordance with the set orientation, strategy, and plan It aims to support and assist post-rehabilitation drug users in quickly reintegrating into society, finding employment, becoming productive members of society, contributing to the prevention and prevention of relapse, and ensuring social order and security

2.2.5 Methods of State Management for Post-Rehabilitation Drug Users

In state management, several methods are often used, such as education, propaganda, administrative orders, and economic methods However, due to the specific nature of state management for post-rehabilitation drug users, two methods are commonly used: education, propaganda, and administrative orders

2.2.6 State Management of Post-Rehabilitation Drug Users

2.2.6.1 Issuance of Guidance Documents and Implementation Plans for State Management of Post-Rehabilitation Drug Users

Regulations on state management of post-rehabilitation drug users are stipulated in numerous legal documents, ranging from the Constitution to laws and sub-laws To ensure that these regulations are timely and effectively implemented, government agencies need

to concretize them through guidance documents, programs, and action plans

2.2.6.2 Organizational Structure and Assignment of Responsibilities in State Management of Post-Rehabilitation Drug Users

The state management apparatus for post-rehabilitation drug users comprises all agencies and units involved in this process, operating on a legal basis This includes:

At the central level:

The Government is responsible for unified state management across all sectors and nationwide

The Ministry of Labor, Invalids and Social Affairs (MOLISA) serves as the advisory body to the Government and is responsible for state management in the field of labor, invalids, and social affairs in general, and for state management of post-rehabilitation drug users in particular

At the provincial level:

- The People's Committee of the province is the competent state administrative agency The Department of Labor, Invalids and Social Affairs serves as the advisory body

to the People's Committee of the province and is responsible for state management in the field of labor, invalids, and social affairs at the provincial level, including post-rehabilitation drug users

- At the district level: The People's Committee of the district is the competent state administrative agency The Department of Labor, Invalids and Social Affairs serves as the advisory body to the People's Committee of the district and is responsible for state management in the field of labor, invalids, and social affairs at the district level, including post-rehabilitation drug users

- At the communal level: The People's Committee of the commune is responsible for the direct management of post-rehabilitation drug users within the timeframe stipulated

in Article 40 of the 2021 Law on Drug Prevention and Control

The assignment and coordination of tasks are based on the functions, duties, and powers prescribed by law for each agency and unit State management of post-rehabilitation drug users requires a proactive approach, ensuring consistency and close coordination among agencies

2.2.6.3 Capacity of Cadres and Civil Servants in State Management of Rehabilitation Drug Users

Post-Cadres and civil servants need to possess strong professional knowledge and skills,

as well as administrative competencies Administrative skills are closely linked to professional training and work experience

2.2.6.4 Management of Post-Rehabilitation Drug Users

After completing their rehabilitation period (either voluntarily or mandatorily), drug addicts return to their families and are under the management of local authorities Post-rehabilitation management is implemented through various forms such as: guiding and assisting former addicts in preventing relapse; counseling to help them change their behavior and personality; supporting vocational training, job seeking, and creating conditions for former addicts to participate in social activities and reintegrate into the community

2.2.6.5 Dissemination of Legal Regulations and Policies Supporting Rehabilitation Drug Users

Post-Disseminating legal regulations and policies supporting post-rehabilitation

drug users is an important activity with significant meaning It helps former addicts understand their rights and obligations in state management activities so that they can proactively comply At the same time, it also contributes to raising awareness among authorities, families, and communities about managing, supporting, and assisting former drug addicts in reintegrating into the community

2.2.6.6 Socialization of State Management of Post-Rehabilitation Drug Users

State management agencies need to have specific policies to mobilize and effectively utilize social resources, encourage the participation of non-governmental organizations, businesses, and communities in providing comprehensive support services for former addicts These services may include: supporting former addicts to overcome psychological difficulties, rebuilding social relationships; equipping vocational skills for former addicts to become economically independent; connecting former addicts with suitable job opportunities; creating a healthy living environment where former addicts can receive help and sharing from the community

2.2.6.7 Inspection and Supervision in the State Management of Rehabilitation Drug Users

Post-Inspecting and supervising the state management of post-rehabilitation drug users is a systematic and formal process of reviewing the implementation of state management contents for post-rehabilitation drug users through appropriate methods, thereby drawing conclusions and directing future adjustments The state management

of post-rehabilitation drug users involves the participation of many agencies, political organizations, and people

socio-2.3 The Necessity of State Management of Post-Rehabilitation Drug Users

The need for state management of post-rehabilitation drug users stems from the following reasons:

Firstly, it arises from the state's role in managing post-rehabilitation drug users Secondly, it is due to the negative impacts of post-rehabilitation drug users on economic, social development, and national security

Thirdly, it is based on the inadequacies in state management of post-rehabilitation drug users

Fourthly, it is derived from the requirement to implement synchronized solutions for the reintegration of post-rehabilitation drug users into the community

2.4 Factors Affecting State Management of Post-Rehabilitation Drug Users

2.4.1 Subjective Factors

2.4.1.1 Awareness Factor

Post-rehabilitation drug users belong to a vulnerable group in society; therefore, the Party and State always pay attention to supporting and assisting post-rehabilitation drug users in reintegrating into the community and preventing relapse

2.4.1.2 Capacity of Cadres and Civil Servants

Cadres and civil servants are the direct subjects involved in state management of post-rehabilitation drug users If cadres and civil servants have limited capacity and incorrect perceptions, the implementation and enforcement of laws and policies on state management of post-rehabilitation drug users will be difficult to achieve the desired results

2.4.2 Objective Factors