Which companies make all of their products in
Language review
To give factual information, for example about company activities.
Ex: Coach outsources all its products.
To talk about routine activities or habits.
Ex: I always buy Armani suits.
To talk about ongoing situations and projects
Ex: Sanyo is now reacting to this demand.
To talk about temporary situations.
Ex: We are testing a new brand at the moment.
1.4 Discussion: Two promotions1.4.1 Case 1: Harley Davidson
questions in page 10
Case 2: JCB
Travel (p.14)
British English
Reading: Air rage
Air rage: Hành vi gây rối trên máy bay Subway (n) = underground = tube
Carry-on baggage (n): hành lý hợp pháp được mang lên buồng máy bay Coach class = Economy class (n): hạng vé rẻ tiền First- class ticket: Vé hạng nhất
Cabin- class: vé hạng hai Business class: Vé hạng hai, thường dành cho các doanh nhân Interminable delay: trì hoãn vô tận To coop up (v): giam giữ
Sophitisticated (a); tinh viOptimal capacity: công suất tối ưu
rage in the article?
Language review: Talking about the future We can use different language forms to talk about the
future 1 We use going to to talk about what we intend to do and have already decided to do.
Ex: We’re going to attend the seminar in France next week.
We use will or ‘ll to talk something we have decided to
do at the time of speaking.
Ex: The flight’s late I’ll call the office to cancel the meeting.
We use present continuous to talk about a fixed
Ex: I’m travelling next week to Germany.
We use the present simple to talk about a timetable or
Ex: The train leaves Rome at 2p.m tomorrow It doesn’t stop at Milan.
Organization (p.22)
3.1 Vocabulary: Company structure 3.2 Reading: A successful organization 3.3 Language review
Head office Branches/ Outlets Distribution centre Warehouse
Call centre Factory/ plant Service centre Subsidiary
D/ p.23 Bureaucratic (a): quan liêu Decentralised (a): phân quyền Democratic (a): dân chủ
Market-driven (a): định hướng thị trường Conservative (a): bảo thủ
Hierarchical (a): sắp xếp theo thứ bậc Progressive (a): tiến bộ
Reinforce = strengthen (v): củng cố, tăng cường Blazer (n): áo ngắn tay có biểu tượng công ty Ablolish = destroy (v)
Perk = perquisite: đặc quyền Rigorous exam: kỳ thi khắt khe Accountability (n): trách nhiệm giải trình
B/p 24 Read the article and match the headings below to paragraphs 2, 3, 4, 5, 6.
C/ p.25Which of these statements are true? Correct the false
3.3 Language review: Noun combinations We can combine two or more nouns in several ways 1 ‘s possessive: Jullia’ s desk
2 One noun used as an adjective: head office 3 Phrases with of: Director of communications 4 Compound nouns forming one word: boardroom
Change (p.30)
4.1 Reading: Change in retailing 4.2 Vocabulary: Describing change 4.3 Language review
Past simple and present perfect
thường Novelty (n): tính mới lạ
Exercises
Vocabulary: Describing change
de- centralise regulate down- grade size up- grade re- organise train regulate develop launch locate structure
Language review: Past simple and present perfect 1 Past simple
For actions at a particular point in the past.
Ex: Last year only 18% of US consumers visited a leading department stores.
4.3.2 Present perfect For actions linking the present to a point in the past.
Ex: We have made a lot of changes since 2001.
The following expressions are used:
Past simple: in 2003, yesterday, last year, six months ago.
Present perfect : this week, since 2003, yet, ever.
Money (p.38)
Money is any object or record that is generally accepted as payment for goods and services and repayment of debts in a given country or socio- economic context.
The main functions of money are distinguished as: a medium of exchange, a unit of account and a store of value.
5.1 Vocabulary: Financial items 5.2 Vocabulary: Reporting financial success 5.3 Language review
Describing trends
Vocabulary: Financial items
Complete the report with the terms for exercise A and B
Vocabulary: Reporting financial success Tax refund: trả lại tiền thuế
Optimism (n): sự lạc quan Optimistic (a)
International division: bộ phận k/doanh ở nước ngoài Offset (v) = compensate: bù đắp
Upmarket and style-conscious (a): ý thức về mốt và sang trọngConsumer spending: chi tiêu của k/hàng
Verbs of change
Prepositions
Profits rose 11% to $2.7 billionProfits have gone up from 3 million to 4 million euros.
Different verb forms
The figures show a positive trend (present simple) We’re watching the trends carefully (present continuous)
Advertising (p.46)
“Half the money I spend on advertising is wasted
The trouble is I don’t know which half.”
6.1 Vocabulary: Advertising media and methods 6.2 Vocabulary: Successful advertising
6.1 Vocabulary: Advertising media and methods
Nudity (n): sexy picture Subliminal (a): tiềm thức Point-of- sale (n): điểm bán hàng Mailshots (n): Gửi hàng quảng cáo qua bưu điện Billboards/ hoardings: Biển quảng cáo lớn trên đường điPoster (n): tranh quảng cáoEndorsement (n)= quảng cáoCommercials: Quảng cáo trên TVExhibition (n): trưng bày, triển lãmLED (light-emitting diode): đi ốt phát sángLeaflet (n): tờ rơi
What makes Nike’s advertising tick?
Superstar athelete: vận động viên nổi tiếng Celebrity athelete endorsement: Quảng cáo vận động viên nổi tiếngExperiment (v): thử nghiệmCopy with (v): đương đầuGrab (v): tóm lấy, chiếm đoạt, thu hút
Questions C/page 48
We do not use an article before
Mass nouns used in general statements.
The names of many places and people.
Cultures (p.54)
“Share our similarities, celebrate our differences”
7.1 Vocabulary: Idioms 7.2 Reading: Culture advice
7.3 Language review: Advice, obligation and
necessity
Vocabulary: Idioms To throw in at the deep end: given a difficult job to do
To see eye to eye: to agree with someone To get into hot water: to get into trouble To break the ice: willing to talk
To put my foot in it: say or do Sth without thinking carefully , so that you embarrass or upset SO
To get on like a house on fire: quickly have a friendly relationship with SO
To like a fish out of water: feel uncomfortable in an unfamiliar situation
A real eye opener: Sth you surprise or did not know beforeFigurative sense: nghĩa bóng
Vocabulary: Culture advice
7.2.1.Conversation Hospitality (n): lòng hiếu khách Counterpart (n): đối tác
7.3 Language review: Advice, obligation and necessity 1 Advice
We can use should or shouldn’t to give or ask for advice.
Ex: You should learn a song to sing before going to Korea.
For strong advice we can use must or mustn’t
Ex: You mustn’t refuse an invitation to dinner in Italy It may cause offence.
Obligation/ Necessity
When the obligation comes from the person speaking or writing.
Ex: We must buy a gift for our visitor.
We use mustn’t to say sth is prohibited or is not allowed.
Ex: You mustn’t use a mobile phone in an aeroplane
We often use have to show that the obligation comes from another person or institution, not the speaker.
Ex: You have to get a visa to enter the country (This is the law.)
Lack of obligation/ Lack of necessity
don’t have to and mustn’t are very different: don’t have to = It is not necessary
Exercise A/ p.58
Employment (p.68)
‘No matter how successful you are, your business and its future are in the hands of the people you hire”
8.1 Vocabulary: The recruitment process 8.2 Reading: Retaining good staff
8.3 Language review: Indirect questions and
statements
Vocabulary: The recruitment process
Shortlist (v): chọn danh sách sơ tuyển Assemble (v): thu thập, lắp ráp
Vacancy/ post (n): vị trí trống Candidate (n): ứng viên
Curriculum vitae (CV)/ resume: sơ yếu lý lịch Application form: đơn xin việc
Psychometric test: kiểm tra tâm lý học Covering letter: thư gửi với tài liệu khác Probationary period: thời gian tập sự
Motivated (a): hứng thú, có động cơ làm việc Dedicated (a): cống hiến
Honest (a); thật thà Confident (a): tự tin Loyal (a): trung thành Adaptable (a): thích nghi Reliable (a): đáng tin cậy Determined (a): cương quyết Resourceful (a): thao vát
Proud (a): tự hàoCharismatic (a): uy tínMeticulous (a): tỉ mỉ
Reading: Retaining good staff
Calibre (n): phẩm chất, năng lực high-calibre staff (n): nhân viên có năng lực cao Competitive advantage/ edge: lợi thế cạnh tranh Pep talk: lời động viên
Sheer force: sức thuyết phục hoàn toàn Headhunt (v): săn đầu người
Productivity (n): hiệu quả Inspiration (n): nguồn cảm hứng Empowerment (n): trao quyền, truyền tự tin Motivating force (n): động lực thúc đẩy
Mentor (n): cố vấn giàu kinh nghiệmFast- tracking (n) = high promotion: thăng tiến nhanh
Language review
We often use indirect questions and statements to sound more polite, for example when asking for personal or sensitive information.
Ex: Could you tell me what your salary is?
Would you mind telling me how old you are?
Indirect questions have the same word order as direct statements.
Ex: She left the job (direct statement)
Could you tell me why she left the job?
We can use the following expressions to introduce indirect questions and statements.
Ex: I wonder/ I can’t remember/ I have no idea/ I’d like to know/ I’m not sure when the post will be advertised.
For Yes/ no questions we use if or whether We can also use if or whether in statements.
Ex: Will he apply for the job? (direct question)
I wonder whether he’ll apply for the job.
(liên từ) Dùng trước phrase hoặc động từ nguyên thể diễn đạt sự lựa chọn (có hay không) Ex: He asked whether it was true
I’m not sure whether to resign or stay on
Sau tính từ và giới từ Ex: He hesitated about whether to drive or to take the train
Whether or not: dù …… hay không Ex: Whether or not it rains We’re playing football on
Trade (p.76)
“The merchant has no country”
9.1 Vocabulary: The free trade 9.2 Reading: Fair trade
Developing industries Strategic industries Quotas: hạn ngạch Customs: hải quan, thuế nhập khẩu
Subsidise (v): bao cấp, trợ cấp
Open border Dumping: bán phá giá Laisser-faire: chính sách tự do kinh doanh
Liberalise (v): cho tự do kinh doanh
Deregulation: bãi bỏ quy định
Phase out (v): rút lui dần Phase in (v) tiến hành từng bước Break into (v): xâm nhập
Tackle poverty: giải quyết đói nghèo Premium (n): tiền thưởng, lãi
Mean (n): sự cân bằng Penny (Pence): tiền xu Niche market: thị trường có giới hạn Ironic (a): mỉa mai
Means of production: phương tiện sản xuất
We use the first conditional when we think the expected outcome of a situation is very likely.
Ex: If you give us a 10% discount we/’ll place a firm order of 500 cases.
If you don’t deliver on time, we won’t order from you again.
We use the second conditional when the outcome is less certain or is imaginary.
Ex: If you gave us a 5% discount, we would place a much bigger order.
If they didn’t have a guaranteed market, their business wouldn’t survive.
Real condition: factual and habitual
Present or future time
If + S + simple past….+ S+ would/could/might + verb in simple form
Ex: If I had the time, I would go to the beach
Past time
If + S + Past perfect….+ S + would/could/might + have + verb in p.p
Ex: If we had known that you were there, we would have written you a letter
Inversion
Ex: Had we known that you were there, we would have written you a letter
Quality (p.84)
10.1 Vocabulary: Quality control and customer service 10.2 Reading: Old-fashioned quality 10.3 Language review: Gerunds and infinitives
10.1 Vocabulary: Quality control and customer service Identified (a): nhận dạng Modified (a): sửa đổi
Failed (a): hỏng Launched (a): phát hành Durability (n): tính lâu bền Recalled
Reliability (n): độ tin cậy Consumer satisfaction questionnaire Routine checks
Minimum standards Compensation (n): đền bù Guarantee
MonitoringInspection (n): sự kiểm traFaults (n): khuyết điểm
10.2 Reading: Old-fashioned quality Tougher (a): bền bỉ, dẻo dai
Renowed (a) nổi tiếng Peer (n): người ngang hàng Legendary (a): thần kỳ
Simulate (v): tái tạo Pay off (v) có hiệu lực Stand for (v): tượng trưng
Standards Move down-market Self-sufficient
10.3 Language review: Gerunds and infinitives
We sometimes use one verb after another verb Often the second verb is in the infinitive form.
Ex: We can’t afford to lower our standards.
But sometimes the second verb must be in the gerund form This depends on the first verb (see p.154)
Ex: My job involves maintaining production standards.
Some verb can be followed by the gerund form or the infinitive form without a big change in meaning
Ex: I started checking their order/ I started to check their order.
Agree, attempt, claim, decide, demand, desire, fail, forget, hesitate, hope, intend, learn, need, offer, plan, prepare, pretend, refuse, seem, strive, tend, try, want, wish…
Ex: Mary learned to swim when she was young
John decided not to buy the car
Admit, appreciate, avoid, can’t help, consider, contemplate, delay, deny, enjoy, finish, give up, involve, mind, miss, postpone, practice, put off, quit, recall, regret, report, resent, resist, resume, risk, suggest, recommend
Ex: John admitted stealing the jewels
We regretted not going to the party last night
With other verb, however, the meaning changes.
Ex 1: We stopped to check the machinery (We stopped what we were doing in order to check the machinery) We stopped checking the machinery (We stopped our habit of checking the machinery)
Ex 2: The sales assistant forgot to give the customer a discount.
The sales assistant forgot giving the customer a discount.
Agree, attempt, claim, decide, demand, desire, fail, forget, hesitate, hope, intend, learn, need, offer, plan, prepare, pretend, refuse, seem, strive, tend, try, want, wish…
Ex: Mary learned to swim when she was young
John decided not to buy the car
Admit, appreciate, avoid, can’t help, consider, delay, deny, enjoy, finish, mind, miss, postpone, practice, quit, recall, regret, report, resent, resist, resume, risk, suggest Ex: John admitted stealing the jewels
We regretted not going to the party last night
1 Rise (vi)– rose – risen: to get up, move up under one’s own power (without the help of someone help)
Ex: The sun rises early in the morning
When the bell rings, the student rise from their seats
2 Raise (vt): to lift or elevate an object.
Ex: The students raise their hands in class
The crane raised the car out of the lake
3 Lie (vi) – lay – lain (nằm nghỉ): to rest, repose
Ex: The university lies in the western section of town
If the children are tired, they should lie down for a nap
4 Lay (vt) – laid – laid: sắp đặt, bố trí
Ex: Don’t lay your clothes on the bed
The children laid their toys on the floor when they had
5 Sit (vi) – sat – sat ( ngồi)
Ex: We are going to sit in the fifth row at the opera After swimming, Bob sat on the beach to dry off
6 Set (vt) – set -set: đặt, để
Ex: The little girl help her father set the table every night
Ethics (p.92)
11.1 Vocabulary: Honesty and dishonesty 11.2 Reading: Responsible business
Trustworthy (n): đáng tin cậy Slush fun (n): quỹ đen
Insider trading (n): mua bán nội bộ Whistleblower (n): người tố giác
Law-abiding (a): Tuân thủ luật pháp Industrial espionage (n): tình báo công nghiệp Secrecy (a): tính kín đáo
A cover up (n): lý do đưa ra để che đậy Disclosure (v): vạch trần
A con artist (n): kẻ chuyên lường gạtIntegrity (n): tính liêm khiết, sự toàn vẹnA whitewash (n): che giấu sự thật
Bribe (n): của hối lộ, đút lót Bribe (v): hối lộ
To accept/ take bribe: nhận hối lộ Bribee = bribetaker (n): người nhận hối lộ Briber (n): người đưa hối lộ
Bribery (n): sự hối lộSweetener (n) sự hối lộ, món đút lót Fraud (n): sự gian lận, người gian lậnA fraudster (n): người phạm tội lừa đảo
No hiding place for the irresponsible business Obesity = fatness (n): béo phệ
Pornography (n): sự khiêu dâm Record (a): bội thu, thắng lợi To sue sb for sth : kiện ai ra tòa về việc gì Litigation = lawsuit (n): sự kiện tụng
Spotlight (n): sự nổi bật trong công chúng, hướng đèn chiếu trên sân khấu Controversial (a): có thể gây tranh luận Under pressure : chịu áp lực
Secretive (a): thích giữ bí mật
We can use different tenses to narrative a story Past simple: the newspaper heard about it
Past continuous: It was going really well
Past perfect: We’d tested it for over six months, and there’d been no bad reaction to it
Present perfect: Since then, we’d kept away from skin – care products
Which tense is normally used for:
1 setting the scene and providing background information?
2 events which happen before the story begins?
4 saying what the present results of the story are?
Leadership has been described as the
“process of social influence in which one person can enlist the aid and support of others in the accomplishment of a common task" [1] Other in-depth definitions of leadership have also emerged.
Leadership (p.100)
“We all work together as a team And that means you do everything I say”
11.1 Vocabulary: Adjectives of character 11.2 Reading: The founder of Ikea
12.1 Vocabulary: Adjectives of character Decisive = determined(a): quả quyết
Charismatic = magnetic (a): có sức lôi cuốn Cautious = careful (a)
Aggressive = warlike (a): hung hăng Informal
Passionate = deep (a): nồng nàn, thiết tha Adventurous: phiêu lưu
Energetic (a): nghị lực Ruthless = cruel (a); nhẫn tâm Accessible (a): có thể tiếp cận được Energetic (a): mạnh mẽ, đầy nghị lực Thoughtful = considerate (a): chu đáo, cẩn trọng Flexible (a): linh động
Impulsive = temperamental (a): bốc đồngPersuasive (a): thuyết phục
Aggressive Attractive Formal Passionate Adventurous Energetic
Indecisive Uncharismatic Incautious, careless Unaggressive
Cold Unadventurous Unenergetic, lazy Inaccessible, remote Thoughtless
Inflexible, rigid Unpersuasive Demotivating Cautious
IKEA is the world’s most successful mass-market retailer, selling Scandinavian- style home furnishings and other house goods in 230 stores in 33 countries and hosting 410 million shoppers per year
12.2 Reading: The founder of Ikea
The bolt that holds Ikea empire together
Language review: Relative clause
Defining clauses provide essential information about the subject or object of a sentence Without this information the sentence often does not make sense or has a different meaning
Who or that are used for people.
Ex: People who are in leadership roles have to act alone.
Which or that are used for things.
Ex: It is his ideas and values that are at the core of Ikea’s philosophy.
Relative clauses 1.1 The relative pronoun
Use in formal English things things people people usually people
We bought the stereo The stereo had been advertised at a reduced price
We bought the stereo that had been advertised at a
Who/ whom
The men are angry The men are in this room
The men who are in this room are angry
The men are angry I don’t like the men the men whom I don’t like are angry.
Whose: indicated possession
John found a cat The cat’s leg was broken
John found a cat whose leg was broken
1.3 Restrictive and non-restrictive clauses 1.3.1 Restrictive clause: mệnh đề giới hạn, không thể bỏ đi trong câu
Ex: Weeds that float to the surface should be removed before they decay
1.3.2 Non-restrictive clause: mệnh đề không giới hạn, có thể bỏ đi trong câu
My car, which is very large, uses too much gasoline
Innovation (p.108)
Non-Defining clauses provide extra information about the subject or object of a sentence The sentence still makes sense without this information
Who (not that) is used for people.
Ex: Ingvar Kamprad, who is the 17 th richest person in the world, drive an old Volvo.
Which (not that) is used for things.
Ex: Ikea, which recently entered the Russian market, remains a private company.
Innovation (p.108)
Innovation! One can not be forever innovating I want to create classics
13.2 Reading: Innovation of Procter and
13.1 Vocabulary: Describing innovations Drawing board (n): bảng vẽ
Discovery Breakthrough Prototype (n): người đầu tiên, mẫu đầu tiên Setback (n) = failure = unsucess: sự thất bại False (a): nhầm, sai
Fault (n): khuyết điểm, hư hỏng Faith (n): sự tin tưởng
Pioneer (n): người tiên phong Brainwave (n): nguồn cảm hứng thình lình Inspiration (n): nguồn cảm hứng
Patent (n): sáng kiếnConcept (n): khái niệmR&D
Brilliant (a): thông minh, nổi bật Pointless (a); vô nghĩa, không mục đích Wasteful (a): hoang phí
Revolutionary (a): thay đổi to lớn Beneficial (a): lợi ích
Ridiculous (a): lố bịch, buồn cười Silly (a): ngờ nghệch
Ground – breaking (a): đột pháAnnoying (a): quấy rầy, làm phiền
13.2 Reading: Innovation of Procter and Gamble
Procter & Gamble (P&G) is one of the largest fast moving consumer goods multinational companies in the world.
P&G’s commitment towards providing products of superior quality to its consumers
Market leader brands, such as Pantene, Rejoice, Head & Shoulders, Pampers, Whispers, Olay, SK-II and Pringles.
13.2 Reading: Innovation of Procter and Gamble
Rigor (n): sự rùng mình, gây ngạc nhiên Innovation process: quy trình đổi mới Hit rate: (the percentage of new entries that deliver a return above the cost of capital) Terrific (a): wonderful
Organic growth (n): tăng trưởng có hệ thống Transformation (n): sự biến đổi returns (n): profit One-on-one (a): riêng tư, đối đầu trực tiếp Insightful (a): sâu sắc
Intuitive (a): trực giácRoll out (v): giới thiện sản phẩm mớiAnnomity (n): tình trạng nặc danh
We make passive verb forms with the verb to be + past participle.
Ex: The world wide web was invented by Tim Berners Lee
We often choose a passive structure when we are not interested in who performs an action or it is not necessary to know.
Ex: The Millennium Technology Prize was awarded to Tim
If we want to mention who performs an action, we can use by:
Ex: Tim Berners Lee was named as one of the top 20 thinkers of the twentieth century by Time magazine
We often use the passive to be impersonal or formal
(for example: in notices, announcement or reports)
Ex: It has been agreed that the prototype will be tested next month
Simple present or simple past (Am/is/are/was/were + verb in p.p)
Ex: Hurricanes destroy a great deal of property each year A great deal of property is destroyed by hurricanes each year
Hurricanes destroyed a great deal of property last year A great deal of property was destroyed by hurricanes last year
Present continuous or past continuous (Am/is/are/was/were + being + verb in p.p)
Ex: The committee is considering several new proposals Several new proposals are being considered by the committee
Present perfect or past perfect (Have/has/had + been + verb in p.p)
Ex: The company has ordered new equipment
New equipment has been ordered by the company
Modals (Modal + be + verb in p.p)
Ex: The manager should sign these contracts today
These contracts should be signed by the manager today
Modals + perfect (Modal + have + been + verb in p.p)
Ex: Sb should have called the president this morning
The president should have been called this morning.
Competition (p.116)
Competition brings out the best in products and the worst in people
Competition
to be neck and neck: being at the same level as the
flogging a dead horse: wasting your time on a
a one horse race: being the only competitor
Competitive edge = competitive advantage: lợi thế cạnh tranh
Insistent ringing: tín hiệu cương quyết Momentum (n): sức đẩy tới, động lực Twisting flip up screen: màn hình với chức năng linh hoạt, kết nối capitalisation (n): sự tư bản hóa Capitalism (n): chủ nghĩa tư bản Intangible (a): không thể thấy được, mơ hồ Heritage (n): di sản
Solvable (a): có thể giải thích được Tackle (vt): xử trí, giải quyết
Overtake (vt): bắt kịp, vượt
Modernist (n): người ủng hộ cái mới Zappy (a): phấn chấn, phấn khởi
Snap-on (a): để lắp vào Substance (n): của cải, vấn đề thực chất, chức năng Neat (a): tinh xảo
Trail (v): theo dấu vết Sheer (a): đúng là, tuyệt đối, mỏng Slide (v): trượt
Lid (n): cái nắpDemographic (a): nhân khẩu học
14.3 Language review: Modals of probability (Modals of certainty, probability, possibility)
We use different modals to say that an event or situation is certain, probable and possible.
Will/ won’t Use will/ won’t with an adverb to show how certain we
are that something will or will not happen.
Ex: Prices for airline tickets will certainly rise next year
They probably/ definitely/ certainly won’t cut their prices again.
We use should, ought to, be likely to when we think
Ex: Our sales are likely to improve next quarter
Negative form: Shouldn’t, ought not to, be unlikely to
We use may, could, may not, might not when there is
only a possibility that something will or will not happen
Ex: The situation may improve in the longer term.
We use must or can’t to make a logical deduction
Ex: They must be tired after such a long flight
They can’t be in financial difficulty - their profits are up.