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Словообразовательная Парадигма Слов Названий Животных В Русском И Вьетнамском Языках ( ĐẠI HỌC NGOẠI NGỮ)

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Nội dung

СЛОВООБРАЗОВАТЕЛЬНАЯ ПАРАДИГМА СЛОВ-НАЗВАНИЙ ЖИВОТНЫХ В РУССКОМ И ВЬЕТНАМСКОМ ЯЗЫКАХ ( ĐẠI HỌC NGOẠI NGỮ NGÔN NGỮ QUỐC TẾ)

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B PYCCKOM HW BhBETHAMCKOM ASbIKAX

JMCCEPTAUMA HA COHCKAHHE YYEHOW CTENEHH KAH/IHHATA ®HJIOJIOTHWUECKHX HAYK

HO CIEHHAJIEHOCTH "PYCCKHH #13BIK"

XAHOIÍ - 2012

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B PYCCKOM HW BhETHAMCKOM ASbIKAX

CHeHIHAJbHOCTE: Pyccknii 13bIK Mmnekc: 62.22.05.01

JHCCEPTAHH“ HA COHCKAHHE YuEHOH CTEIIEHH KAH/IHHIATA ®HJIOJIOTFHWUECKHX HAYK

HO CIIEHHA.JIbBHOCTH "PYCCKHH #13bIK"

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I asa 1

1.1 1.1.1 1.1.2 1.2 1.2.1 1.2.2 1.2.3 1.3

I mapa 2

2.1 2.2 2.2.1

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30 33 43

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2.2.2 2.2.3 2.2.4 2.2.5 2.3 2.3.1 2.3.2 2.3.3 2.3.4 2.3.5 2.4 2.4.1 2.4.2 2.5

I nasa 3

3.1 3.2 3.3 3.3.1 3.3.2

Ha JIeKcH4eCKOM ypoBHe

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CII c1obpa trầu

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73 73 75 80

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3.3.3 3.3.4 3.3.5 3.3.6 3.3.7 3.3.8 3.3.9 3.3.10 3.3.11 3.3.12 3.4

3.4.1 3.4.2 3.5

CTII cosa hồ

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CHHCOK TAB.IHH B JIHCCEPTAHHH

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BBEHEHHE 1 AKTyaJIbHOCTb TeMbI

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Koppesaiua B (ÌOH€MHOM COCTAB€ MO?K€T ObITb HO H3B€CTHỌI CT€IICHH VIIOIOỐ/I€HaA IpOIIODHWH B MaTeMaTwke» [KƠ) C CTrenaHos, 1975, c.8Š5-&86] Ha nOH4THH KODP€JIIIHH CTDOHTCä IIOHHMAHH€ CJIOBOOỐDA3OBAHHM3 KaK IIDOM€?KYTOHHOI CHCT€MBI M€?KJIY JI€KCHKOl H TpaMMaTHKOH K) C, C T€IAaHOB CHHTA€T, ITO ©€CJIH KODD€JI1HWH OXBATbIBAFOT MâJIO€ KO/INH€CTBO COB /IAHHOTO A3bIKa, TO OHH ABJIAIOTCA B HEM JI€KCHU€CKHMH; €CJIH KODD€JISHWH OXBATBIBAIOT CD€JH€€ KOJINMH€CTBO CJIOB, TO OHH CTaHOBATCA CJIOBOOỐDA3OBAT€JIEHEBIMH; €CJIH KODD€/IIHHH OXBATBIBAFIOT MAKCHMAJIEHO

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C/IOBOOỐPA3OBAHMa » (HWTara H3 paØoTp B B JlonarunHa w" UV C

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ceOa pA] MCHbIIMX 10 OỐbÊMY, ÕOJI€€ IIDOCTBIX H ÕOJI€€ OIHODOHHBIX HO

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H3B€CTHO B TpaMMaTHKax MO OOMMM HM€H€M C/IOBOOỐDA3OBAHH1, ID€JICTABJII€T Maccy CHCTeM, He HACTOJIbKO BBII€JISIOIHIHXCH B HeoOo3pHMOH MACC€ CJIOB, COCTABJISHIHHX 3BIK, UTOObI ObITb 3aM€U€HHBIMH IDH IOB€DXHOCTHOM HÃ/IOI€HHM» («Ưq€PK HayKH O a3bike», 1883) Baraaqy Ha CJIOBOOỐDPA3OBAHH€ Kak H3 CHCTeMy COOTBETCTBOBAIO CTPeMJICHHe W3VWATb KâK MâT€DHAJIbEHBI€ H CMBICJIOBBI€ CBA3H CJIOB, CO/I€D?KAIIWX OỐIIW€ MOPD(€MBI, TâK H CB13H MOD(€M BHYTPH CJIOBA3; VCTAHOBJICHH€ 2THX CB53€l CHOCOỐCTBVYET 4«ÕOCOỐJI€HHEĐ MOD(O/IOFHu€CKWX 3J/I€M€HTOB CJIOBA›» KPYII€BCKHM IOCTAB/I€H BOIIDOC O KJIACCHÌHMKAHHWH 4DA3HOBHIHOCT€l» 2THX 23JI€M€HTOB, DACCMOTD€HBI OH€THu€CKH€ DpA3HOBHIHOCTH KOpHe€l, cy(WKcoB u npedukcos B Tpynax M M IloKpoBCKOTO OIIWCAHBI (daCTHHHO Ha DYCCKOM MâT€DHA'I€) C€MAHTHKO-CJIOBOOODA3OBAT€JIEHHB€ TDVHHBL CJIOB, WIA KOTODBIX XapaKTepHbI D€TY/IIDHBI€ H3MCHCHHA 3HAYCHHA; STH DÃOTbBI B33KHEI 7/15

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DACCMATPHBA1 OTI/IATOJIbHbI€ HM€HA, IIDOI€MOHCTDHDOBAJI D1 IDHỀMOB AaHAJH3A, IIOIVHHBIIHX ACHpOCTpAH€HHC B Ole€ HO3HHHX HCC1I€IOBAHH5X: COIOCTABHT€JIbHHIl HA/IH3 DA3HbBIX CD€HCTB BbIDA?K€HH1% ØJM3KWX 3HAH€HHÍ, C€MAHTHu€CKHX HW QOpMasIbHbIX OTpAHHu€HHH IOH3BO/IWIHIHX CJIOB, VCTAHOBJI€HH€ BH€S3BIKOBBIX HMHVJIBCOB,

CIOCÒCTBVEOHIHX BO3HHKHOBCHHIO MOTHBHDOBAHHHIX CJIOB

Hauađo HOBOFO 93Tala B WM3Vq€HHH DYCCKOFTO C/IOBOOỐDA3OBAHH4đ CBA3aHO C€ HO5BJI€HH€M CTaTbH Ï, O BwHoKypa «3aM€TKH IIO DYCCKOMYV CIOBOÒỐPA3oBaHHIO›» (1946), roe H3JIO?K€HbI IDHHIHHIBI CHHXpOHHOTO CJIOBOOỐDA3OBAT€JIEHOTO HAJIH3a ƯTOT HA/IH3 OCVII€CTBJII€TCđ HYTỀM COOTH€C€HH5 MOTHBHDOBAHHOFTO CJIOBA C€ {«€OOTB€TCTBVIOIIeÌ I€DBHuHỌlÍ OCHOBOM», CBA3aHHOM MAT€DHAIEHO HW C€MAHTHU€CKH C€ W3VWA€MBIM CIOBOM B 1951-52 onnyÕ/inKOBAHhI cTaTbH BHHOTpA/OBA, B KOTODBIX Hã KOHKP€THOM MAT€DHAI€ MOKa3aHbl CBA3H CJOBOOỐDPA3OBAHH1A ©€C rpaMMaTHKOH M J€KCHKOJIOTH€ÌI HW BHIlBJI€HA ero CH€HHÙHKA Kak

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C pe3KHM yBeJIM4eHHeM HMHT€D€CA K CJIOBOOỐDA3OBAHHIO HOCIIE BBIXOIA aKaIeMHuecKOI «I paMMaTHKH DYCCKOTO #3blK3» CBA3aHO IO4SBJI€HH€ C€ C€p€HHHBIL 50-x TT MHOTOHHCJI€HHBIX HCCJI€HIOBAHHH, IOCB5IIỂHHBIX KâK OIHCAHWE DA3HEBIX THIOB HM€HHOTO H TJIATOJIbEHOTO C/JIOBOOỐPA3OBAHH1, TâK HW pa3paOOTKe DA3JIHHHBIX AâCI€KTOB H3V4€HH1 CJIOBOÒDA3OBAT€JIEHHBIX OTHOIIeHHl (pa6orbI H M LHHanckoro, E A 3eMckol, B II Ipnropbpeba, bB H I'onopwna, H A #lHKo- ÏpnHnHkol, IT A Co6ðojneBol, E € Ky6paKoBol, VM I Munocnasckoro, A H TnxoHoBa, A HI MownceeBa, E JI [wH23Øypra, P C MaHyuapsHa w np.) B «[paMMaTHKe COBD€M€HHOTO DYCCKOTO JIWT€pATYpHOTO 43bIKa» (1970) n B aKaneMMuecKol «PyccKoli rpaMMatTuke» (1980) ocVyII€CTB/I€HO HaH6O/Iee IIO/IHO€ OIINCaHWe C/IOBOÒDa3OBAHH4 Kak CHCT€MBI CJIOBOOƠOPA3OBATGJIEHHX THIOB B HX B3AHMOOTHOHICHHH HU B3aHMOJ€ÏCTBMH; IIOKA3aHHI wepapxnyeckue OTHOLMICHHA COBOOOpa30BaTeJIbHbIX THHOB HUH HOHTHIOB, OỐIHIHX UW HACTHBIX CJIOBOOỐDA3OBAT€JIbEHEIX 3HAq4€HHĂ; OIICaHbI MOD(ÙOJIOTWu€CKH€ DA3J1NdH43

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CIOBOOOpa30BaTeJIbHad MOTHBALHA HU €Ể BH/BI, D1 OƠII€T€OD€THu€CKHX

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IDOH3BO/THVIO, HaO H3y4HTb KOHKD€THYVIO UCTOPHIO 2THX CJIOB H BBIICHHTb, KâKO€ HX HHX ÕO/I€€ DAHH€€, a KaKO€ ÕO/I€€ IO3/H€€, KaKO€ H3

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39TOH paboTe OIIHCBIBA€TCđ CHCT€MA CJIOBOOỐPA3OBAHH% COBDeM€HHOTO

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XapakTepy BBIDAK€HHS 3HAH€HHI, OHH He ABJIAIOTCA, Kak CJIOBA H€IIDOH3BO/HHBI, HHUH€M H€ MOTHBHDOBAHHBIMH, YyCJIOBHbIMH ÕO3HAU€HHãMH IID€IM€TOB /€ÌCTBHT€JIbHOCTH, â ÕO3HAWAIOT ID€JM€TBI «yepe3 VCTAHOBJI€HH€ TOÌI HJIH HHOÌI CB53H M€?KNYV AâHHBIM IID€IM€TOM 71©€lCTBHT€/IEHOCTH H 1pyrnMM» [E' O BnHokyp, 1959, c 421] Cp cnosa OKHO WU HOỊOKOHH1K ÏÏOd€MV ĐMM€HHO CJIOBOM ÒOKHO HA3BbIBA€TCä “OTB©€DCTH€ B CT€H€ /JI1 CB€TA H BO3JIYXAâ”, B CJIOBe He OTPaxKeHO CBA3b M€3KIY I€IM€TOM H €TO HA3BAHH€M VCJIOBHậ HeHIpOH3BOHHO€ C7JIOBO OKHO B COBD€M€HHOM DYCCKOM 3bIK€ H€ IM€€T BHYTD€HHe€ÏlÍ ODMBHI; CB53b M€?KIY 3HAd€HH€M CJIOBA H erO CTpOeHHeM oTcyTcTByeT MHoe HN€JO - IDOH3BOHHO€ C7JIOBO NOOOKOHHUK HO HM€€T BHYTD€HHIOIO (ÙODMV, Tak Kak ero 3HAH4€HH€ OIIHDA€TCI HA €TO CTPO€HH€ 3HaqeHHe cC/IOBA HOỊOKOHH1/K OID€JJI1€TC1 3HAH€HH€M €TO COCTABHBIX WACT€ÌÍ: OCHOBBI - OKOH-, IIDHCTABKH #Ø0- ĐH IID€IM€THOTO CYy(ŒHKCA -H1: HOỊOKOHH1IK -

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CpeIH HpOH3BOHHBX CJIOB C€ TOHKH 3D€HH1 C€MAHTHu€CKOH

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TaKOBHI, HAạIDHM€P, CJIOBA #Øm11p, ywumep B OTMMYMe OT COB THNAa HOGIODP#6b OHH H€ OƠO3HAWAIOT W€/IOB€K, KOTODHIl HHII€T, €JIOB€K, KOTODHIĂ VuHT ÏJ£@mejb - 3TO d€JIOB€K, IpO(€CCH# KOTODOTO HHCATb IOHM3B€I€HH% XYJHO?K€CTB€HHOIlH JIMTepaTypbl, yuumelb - U4eJIOBeK, IIpo(eCCHMã KOTODOTO VWHTb B IIKOJI€

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CIOB THIA noe6mopsmejnb (rpynma a) HW nucamenvd (rpynma 6) u paccMaTpuBaeT HX Kak eCHHbIM THM COB B (ŒOpMAIbHOM H

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2) Jia o6O03Ha4eHHA pa COBOMNPOW3BOHbIX Map, MMerOLIMXx CTAH/IADTHO HJIH âHAJIOFHWq€CKH BOCIIDOH3BOJIHMO€ CJIOBOOỜDA3OBAT€/IbHO€ OTHOII€HH€, MOXKHO HCHOJIb3OBATb Y?K€ HDHHSTHIÍ JIHHTBHCTHu€CKOH HAYyKOl TepMHH %«C/IOBOOỐDPA3OBAT€/JIbPHHÍ THm› ÏĨO MH€HHIO aBTOPOB «OOmero A3bIKO3HAHHA» (M., 1979) cnopooOpa3z0BaTeIbHbI TUM - 3TO D4 CJIOBOIIDOH3BO/HBIX map, Õb€7IHH€HHBIX OỐIHIHOCTBE CJIOBOOỐDA3OBAT€JIEHOTO 3HadeHHs B cTpykType CJIOBOÒDA3OBAT€/JIbHOTO Tuna ocoObii WHTepec JIA JIHHTBHCTA IDHOỐD€TAIOT IDOH3BONISIHHH” ĐH IDOH3BOHHHIĂÍ D4HBI /|[€JIO B TOM, HTO COOTB€TCTBVIOIHIW€ HJI€HBI 3THX D#1IOB COOTH€C€HEI JIDYT € JIDYTOM BOBC€ H€ HO BC€M CBOHM JI€KCHd€CKHM 3Hau€HHsM HanpHM€P, HDHJI4TAT€IbBHOC /O1bHbH/ COOTH€C€HO CO CJIOBOM /KØ/@ JIHHIb B /BVX ©ITO 3HAH4€HHX M3 C€MH, OTM€H€HHBIX CJIOBADSMH CJIOBO ?KO/1bH1⁄K COOTH€C€HO CO CJIOBOM ?KOđ JIHHIbE HO O/IHOMY 3Haq€HW Ï7IaFO/I @Ø0đ71b COOTH€C€H C TJIATOJIOM Opamb JIHHIE 10 MATH ero 3HAYCHHAM V3 NATHADWATH UW Tak Jaee JIKOOONBITHO, WTO H3 3HaueHHH [IJIATOIA udomu, MOKa3aHHbIX CJIOBADpỂM, JHIIbE HBA-TpH OTPAX€HHI B HADHOM €MYV HO CJIOBOOỐDA3OBAT€JIEHOMY OTHOII€HHED

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CYII€CTBHT€JIbEHbBIMH, XâpaKT€DH3VEOTC1 OỐIINWM (ÙÌODMAHTOM - Cy((HKCOM -H14IK, Cy((MKCA/IbBHBIl CIOCOỐ BBIDA?KA€T OỐII€€ 711 HHWX J€DHBAIHOHHO€ 3Hau€HW€ COOHDAT€JIbHOCTH

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Tak, He OTHOCATCA K OHOMY CJIOBOOỐDA3OBAT€GIEHOMV THIIV CYII€CTBHT€/IbHBI€, HIDOH3B€I€HHBIE OT OCHOB HMÊH CYVII€CTBHT€G7IbHBIX cy(QMKCA/IBHBIM CIOCOOOM € IOMOIIbO CV(HMKCA -H(4): ỐđpđH1Hg, Ce6PIOHCUHA, KOHUHA, KOHUICIHHQ, OOMUHA, ODOIHHHA, U3IOMUHA, colomMuHa OObACHACTCA STO TEM, HTO HDHB€I€HHBI€ CVII€CTBHT€JIbHBI€ XâapAaKT€DH3VIOTCđ1 D43HBIMH C€MAHTHU€CKHMH COOTHOII€HHIMH M€?KHV IPOH3BOHNHBIMWH HW_ HIDOH3BO/HIHIIHIHMH CD€HH 3THX CYHI€CTBHT€JIEHBIX BBIJI€JIIOTCđ TPH TDYVIHBI C/IOB, K3?KHIAã"” H3 KOTODBIX XâDAKT€DH3V€TCä OHWHAKOBBIMW C€MAHTHU€CKHMH COOTHOII€HHIMHWH HDOH3BOHHIHHX H IIPOW3BOUHbIX: (1) Oapan: bapanuHa = CẴ6DIO2đ: CẴ6ÐIO2ICHHA — KOHb:

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IDOH3BOHIHO€ ÒO3HAHA€T “MWäCO TOTO ?KHBOTHOTO, KOTODO€ HA3BAHO

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3) COBOOỐPA3OBATGIbBHA4 MOJIGJIb - 2TO CxeMa IIOCTDO€HH1 IDOHM3BOHHBIX CJIOB, OTHOCSIHIHXCI K OHHOMY CJIOBOOỐDA3OBAT€/IbHOMYV Tuy Ha BKJIOuA€T TaKH€ Õ33AT€JIbHbI€ 3JI€M€HTBI, KâK IOH3BO/1IIA5 Oa3a (C yKa3aHHeM WAaCTH D€UH IDOH3BOHSHITO CJIOBA), (ODMAHT H I€PHBAHIHOHHO€C 3HadeHH€ ÏlĨpH xapakTepHcTHKe MOJIGIH Takxe OTMCuAIOTCS MODÙOHO/IOTHUI€CKH€ <ABIICHHA, XapaKTepHbie A oOpa30BaHHA HIpOH3BOHNHHBIX HaIpHM€P, CVHI€CTBHT€JIEHBI€ 2/Hđ3C7,

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Kypcucm, CeMUHapUucMm, OTHOCALIMeCA K OJHOMY CIOBOOOpa30BaTeJIBHOMY THIIY, IOCTDO€HBI IO MOJI€/IH OCHOBA Cyl + cydduke -ncT- (3HayeHHe JIHHA HO M€CTV OỐYyd€eHM3) /|J11 3TOlÍ MO/€IIH XâpAKT€DPHBI CJI€IYEOHIH€ MOD(OHO/JIOTHu€CKH€ ABIICHHA: (1) yCeqeHH€ (ÙHHaJI€Ì: eumna3ua - euMHa3ucm, (11) yHapHocTb (opMaHTa; (iil) BO3MO?KHOCTb €D€OBAHHĂ: KVDCbI - Kypcucm

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(ODMAJIEHBIX CD€HCTB BbIpaxKeHHA 78HHOTO 3HaAH€HMI CJIOBOÒPA3OBAT€JIbBHA# KAT€TODH41 BBII€/II€TCä Hã OCHOBAHHH €HHHCTBA CJIOBOÒƠDA3OBAT€JIEHOTO 3HAH€HH5, B TO BD€M5 KaK CD€/CTBA BbIDA?K€HH1 (71m (ÌODMAHTBI) 2TOTO 3HAq€HH4 MOTYT ỐBITb DA3JIHHHBIMH HaIIpHMeP, B CJIOBOÒDA3OBAT€JIEHVEO KaT€TODHMEO HHT€HCHBHOCTH KauecTBa OOBeTHHAIOTCA HDHJIATAT€IbHBC - /JI€DHBATHBI, XâDAKT€DH3YIOIHINeCS pa3HbIMH (ODMAHTAMH: 01Ð/1V/HMMU, HĐ€2IVHDĐUI, HOICH€HHDHIU, pa3éecelbiu; B - CIOBOOỐDA3OBAT€IPHVIO KAT€TODHIO /JIOKATHBHOCTH (I€DWBATBI CO 3HAq€HH€M M€CTA) BXOJJIT HDOH3BOHHBI€ € (DODMAHTAMH Pa3HBbIX THMOB: CNQIbHA, 3UMO6BLE, JICCONUIbHA, NOHCAPULYE, NCJIbMCHHAA; B CJIOBOÒDA3OBAT€JIEHVEO KaT€TODHE HMỀH CYII€CTBHT€/IEHHIX, OƠJIAaAIOIIHX 3HAq€HH€M “IIDOH3BOHHTGIIbP /€ÌÏCTBHI, Ha3BaHHOro IDOHM3BOHWãII€Ă OCHOBOI” BXOHIT CYVHI€CTBHTGJIbHBI, OOpa3yeMBle pA3HHMH Cy((WKCAaMH OT OCHOB T7IATO/A: -TI€b (OWHDPđ6GMHMGIb, HOIVdamGIb), -ey (6opeu, meopey), -VH (6e2yH, KPUKVH), -WUK (HOPMUPOGUUK, COpMUPOGUUK) HT

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