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J͛PWK{QJJLyNK{QJÿ̯\ÿͯWăQJVGLFKX\͋QWURQJSKzQJSK̳XWKX̵WYjNK͵NKX̱QNK{QJÿ~QJFiFKNK{QJÿ̯\ÿͯFiFGͭQJFͭWKL͇WE͓ &iF \ӃXWӕQJX\FѫOLrQTXDQÿӃQFKXҭQEӏFKREӋQKQKkQEDRJӗPQKLӉP NKXҭQWӯWUѭӟFViWNKXҭQGDNK{QJÿҫ\ÿӫFҥR
8 O{QJWUѭӟFSKүXWKXұWYjOӵDFKӑQNKiQJVLQKGӵSKzQJKRһFWKӡLJLDQFiFKGQJNKiQJVLQKGӵSKzQJVDL [2]&iF\ӃXWӕQJX\FѫWURQJSKүXWKXұWEDRJӗPWKӡLJLDQSKүXWKXұW dài, WUX\ӅQPiXNӻWKXұWY{NKXҭQYjSKүXWKXұWYӋVLQKEjQWD\FiQKWD\YjÿHRJăQJWD\Y{NKXҭQNK{QJÿ~QJFiFKJLҧPR[\PiXKҥWKkQQKLӋWYjNLӇPVRiWÿѭӡQJKX\ӃWNpP
NGUӖN LÂY NHIӈM TӮ ĈѬӠNG KHÔNG KHÍ
&iFQJXӗQOk\QKLӉPWURQJSKzQJPәJӗPFy [18, 19]:
%өLFKӭDEjRWӱYLNKXҭQFӫD&GLIILFLOHKRһFQҩP$VSHUJLOOXV [20];
+ҥWDHURVRO- NKtGXQJFKӭDYLNKXҭQODRYLUXVJk\+ӝLFKӭQJQKLӉPNKXҭQK{ KҩSFҩS>6$56@F~PLQIOXHQ]DÿұXPD FKLFNHQSR[ô [21];
0ҧQKGDEiPFӫDQJѭӡLEӋQKQKLӉPNKXҭQED\YjRNK{QJNKtFKӭD056$ 1JRjLUDFzQFyFiFQJXӗQNKiF
FiFWiFQKkQJk\EӋQKFyQJXӗQJӕFWURQJEӋQKYLӋQWӯQJѭӡLEӋQKQKkQ virQ\WӃ
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TÁC NHÂN GÂY NHIӈM KHUҬN VӂT MӘ
Nguyên nhân
1JX\rQQKkQFӫD1.90OjGR\ӃXWӕP{LWUѭӡQJSKzQJPәJӗPFy [17]:
9ӋVLQKWD\QJRҥLNKRDNK{QJÿӫWKӡLJLDQKRһFNK{QJÿ~QJNӻWKXұWNK{QJGQJ KRiFKҩWNKӱNKXҭQÿһFELӋWOjNK{QJGQJFKӃSKҭPYӋVLQKWD\FKӭDFӗQ
&KXҭQEӏQJѭӡLEӋQKWUѭӟFPәNK{QJWӕW1JѭӡLEӋQKNK{QJÿѭӧFWҳPKRһFNK{QJ ÿѭӧFWҳPEҵQJ[jSKzQJNKӱNKXҭQYӋVLQKNKӱNKXҭQYQJUҥFKGDNK{QJÿ~QJ TX\WUuQKFҥRO{QJNK{QJÿ~QJFKӍÿӏQKWKӡLÿLӇPYjNӻWKXұW
7KLӃWNӃEXӗQJSKүXWKXұWNK{QJEҧRÿҧPQJX\rQWҳFNLӇPVRiWQKLӉPNKXҭQ ĈLӅXNLӋQNKXSKүXWKXұWNK{QJÿҧPEҧRY{NKXҭQ.K{QJNKtQѭӟFFKRYӋVLQKWD\QJRҥLNKRDEӅPһWWKLӃWEӏEӅPһWP{LWUѭӡQJEXӗQJSKүXWKXұWEӏ{QKLӉPKRһFNK{QJÿѭӧFNLӇPVRiWFKҩWOѭӧQJÿӏQKNǤ
11 'өQJFө\WӃ.K{QJÿҧPEҧRY{NKXҭQGRFKҩWOѭӧQJWLӋWNKXҭQNKӱNKXҭQKRһF OѭXJLӳVӱGөQJGөQJFөNK{QJÿ~QJQJX\rQWҳFY{NKXҭQ
1KkQYLrQWKDPJLDSKүXWKXұWNK{QJWXkQWKӫQJX\rQWҳFY{NKXҭQWURQJEXӗQJ SKүXWKXұWOjPWăQJOѭӧQJYLVLQKYұW{QKLӉP5DYjREXӗQJSKүXWKXұWNK{QJÿ~QJ TX\ÿӏQKNK{QJPDQJKRһFPDQJSKѭѫQJWLӋQFKHFKҳQFiQKkQNK{QJÿ~QJTX\ ÿӏQKNK{QJYӋVLQKWD\NK{QJWKD\JăQJVDXPӛLNKLWD\ÿөQJFKҥPYjREӅPһWP{L WUѭӡQJ
7URQJÿyÿLӅXNLӋQNKXSKүXWKXұWNK{QJÿҧPEҧRY{NKXҭQOjPFiFGөQJFөSKүXWKXұWGӉEӏQKLӉPNKXҭQWUѭӟFNKLVӱGөQJ
TriӋu chӭng khi nhiӉm khuҭn vӃt mә
&iFWULӋXFKӭQJWKѭӡQJPҳFSKҧLQKLӉPNKXҭQYӃWPәWURQJTXiWUuQKÿLӅXWUӏ+uQK 3.2) [1, 17]:
7KRiWGӏFKFyPӫWӯYӃWUҥFK ĈDXÿDXEөQJKRһFQKҥ\FҧPVѭQJFөFEӝÿӓKRһFQyQJEӯQJ
Hình 3.2 9͇WP͝QKL͍PWUQJE͓ÿ͗V˱QJ
BiӋn pháp phòng ngӯa trong phүu thuұt
0ӝWWURQJQKӳQJELӋQSKiSOjPJLҧPQKLӉPNKXҭQYӃWPәWURQJTXiWUuQKSKүX WKXұWOjÿҧPEҧRNK{QJNKtWLӃS[~FYӟLGөQJFөSKүXWKXұWOX{QVҥFK\rXFҫXÿҥWPӭF
7ҫPTXDQ WUӑQJFӫDF{QJQJKӋNK{QJNKtVҥFKÿmÿѭӧFJKLQKұQNӇWӯNKLEiRFiRFӫD&KDUQOH\WKӇKLӋQU}UjQJWӹOӋ1.90JLҧPWKHRFҩSVӕQKkQNKLFҧLWKLӋQYӅFKҩWOѭӧQJNK{QJNKt[22]'X\WUuFKҩWOѭӧQJNK{QJNKtFDRWURQJVXӕWFXӝFSKүXWKXұWOjÿLӅXFӵFNǤTXDQWUӑQJ
AEROSOL VI KHUҬN
Aerosol là gì?
CiFDHURVROÿѭӧFWҥRUDWӯOѫOӱQJѭӟWQKѭVDXNKLKRKRһFKҳWKѫLFiFKҥWEҳQQKӓ
Oѫ OӱQJ WURQJ NK{QJ NKt VӁ Eӏ PҩW QѭӟF QKDQK FKyQJ Yj FzQ OҥL Oj SKҫQ QJѭQJ Wө (condensation residualKRһF QKkQ KҥWQKӓ GURSOHWQXFOHL [21]1JѭӧFOҥLNKLDHURVRO ÿѭӧFWҥRUDWӯYұWOLӋXNK{KRһFUҳQFK~QJFyWKӇVӁEQѭӟFÿӇFkQEҵQJYӟLP{LWUѭӡQJ
6ӵNKiFELӋWFӫDDHURVROYLNKXҭQVRYӟLDHURVRONK{QJKRҥWNKtOjDHURVROYLNKXҭQ EӏFKLSKӕLҧQKKѭӣQJEӣLKRҥWÿӝQJYӅPһWVLQKKӑFYjYұWOê7ӯTXDQÿLӇPYұWOêFiF KҥWDHURVROSKҧLWXkQWKHROXұW6WRNHVĈӏQKOXұWQj\OLrQTXDQÿӃQFiFKҥWKuQKFҫXQKӓ FKӏXWiFÿӝQJFӫDWUӑQJOӵFNKLFK~QJÿѭӧFSKyQJUD'ӵDWUrQOXұW Qj\WӍOӋOҳQJVHWWOLQJ UDWHVFyWKӇWKLӃWOұSFiFKҥWQKӓWURQJNK{QJNKtӣFiFNKRҧQJNtFKWKѭӟFNKiFQKDX
%ӣLYuP{KuQKKRҥWÿӝQJQKѭPӝWWKLӃWEӏTXpWFiFKҥWEөLWURQJNK{QJNKtUDNKӓLP{LWUѭӡQJÿѭӧFNLӇPVRiW'RÿyWUѭӟFNKLWKҧROXұQYӅNӻ WKXұWOӑFYjOXӗQJNKtFKҧ\WҫQJFҫQSKҧLKLӇXU}EҧQFKҩWFӫDFiFDHURVROYLNKXҭQYjFiFKFK~QJKRҥWÿӝQJҧQKKѭӣQJFӫDNtFKWKѭӟFKҥWDHURVROSKѭѫQJWLӋQWҥRDHURVROYjFѫFKӃWUX\ӅQEӋQKTXDNK{QJ khí.
Ĉһt tính hҥt aerosol
7URQJ%ҧQJ-WӍOӋOҳQJEDORҥLKҥWKҥWQKӓGURSOHWVEөLGXVWYjQKkQKҥWQKӓGURSOHWQXFOHL9ӅPһWYұWOêFiFÿһFWtQKFӫDDHURVROFNJQJEӏҧQKKѭӣQJEӣLFiFKLӋQWѭӧQJQKѭWtFKWөÿ{QJWөYDFKҥPYjÿLӋQWtFKHOHFWULFDOVSDFHFKDUJHV9ӅPһWVLQK
13 KӑFFiFYLVLQKYұWOjPӝWSKҫQFӫDFiFKҥWWURQJNK{QJNKtFyWKӇEӏPҩWNKҧQăQJVӕQJ VyWGRPҩWQѭӟF'RDHURVROYLNKXҭQFy[XKѭӟQJJk\FKҩQWKѭѫQJOjPKӓQJWӃEjRĈLӅX TXDQWUӑQJOjFiFYLVLQKYұWKLӋQGLӋQSKҥPYLUӝQJPӝWFiFKEӅQEӍ&iFKҥWWURQJNK{QJ khí FjQJOӟQFyWKӇJLDWăQJVӕQJVyWFӫDFiFYLVLQKYұWPjFK~QJFKӭDEҵQJFiFKEҧRYӋ FK~QJNKӓLVӵPҩWQѭӟF&iFEjRWӱYLNKXҭQEDFWHULDOVSRUHVYjQKLӅXYLVLQKYұWJk\ EӋQKNKiFQKѭWUӵFNKXҭQODRÿѭӧFELӃWOjNKiәQÿӏQKNKLED\WURQJNK{QJNKt&yWKӇ WKҩ\FiFKҥWFyÿѭӡQJNtQKJҫQȝPYүQOѫOӱQJWURQJNK{QJNKtY{KҥQ
+ҥW tFKWKѭӟFȝP 7ӕFÿӝOҳQJPV
%̫QJ 3-2 7ͽO O̷QJFͯDFiFK̩WWURQJNK{QJNKt
7ӕFÿӝOҳQJFӫDFiFKҥWWURQJ%ҧQJ3-2 FKӍiSGөQJWURQJNK{QJNKtWƭQK7URQJ PӝWWKLӃWEӏOXӗQJFKҧ\WҫQJQJDQJFiFKҥWVӁGLFKX\ӇQWURQJTXiWUuQKOҳQJGRYұQWӕF FӫDOXӗQJNKtQKѭWURQJhình 3.3 [23]
Hình 3.3 KR̫QJFiFKGLFKX\͋QWURQJTXiWUuQKO̷QJͧÿ͡FDRIWPYͣLY̵QW͙FIWPLQ
Các loҥi hҥt aerosol gây ô nhiӉm
.tFKWKѭӟFFӫDKҥWNK{QJFKӍҧQKKѭӣQJÿӃQKRҥWÿӝQJFӫDQyWURQJFiFOXӗQJGL FKX\ӇQPjFzQFҧPӭFÿӝYDFKҥPWUrQFiFEӅPһWYjVӵ[kPQKұSFӫDQyYjRSKәL.tFK WKѭӟFFӫDQKLӅXORҥLJk\{QKLӉPWURQJNK{QJNKtSKә ELӃQÿѭӧFWKӇKLӋQWURQJ%ҧQJ-3
%̫QJ 3-3 7ͽO O̷QJFͯDFiFK̩WWURQJNK{QJNKt
.K{QJNKtVҥFKFKҧ\WUrQEӅPһWSKҫQOӟQQJăQFKһQVӵOҳQJÿӑQJFӫDFiFFKҩWJk\{QKLӉPWURQJNK{QJNKt0һWNKiFOXӗQJNKtFKҧ\WҫQJFyWKӇPDQJÿLFiFFKҩW{QKLӉP
15 1ăP83:HOOVÿmSKiWKLӋQUDUҵQJKѫQQKkQKҥWQKӓPDQJYLNKXҭQFy WKӇÿѭӧFKuQKWKjQKWURQJNK{QJNKtNKLKҳWKѫL [23]
1JXӗQ{QKLӉPNKiFWӯTXiWUuQKOӝWGD/LrQTXDQÿӃQVӵUөQJFӫDYLVLQKYұWNKӓL GDEuQKWKѭӡQJFiFQJKLrQFӭXFKӍUDUҵQJPӝWQJѭӡLEuQKWKѭӡQJFyKӋGDWK{QJWKѭӡQJ VӁWKҧLUDNKRҧQJKҥWVӕQJVyWPӛLSK~W1KLӅXNLӇPWUDÿmSKiWKLӋQFiFYLVLQKYұW EDRSKӫWURQJFiFNKXYӵFQKѭNKXYӵFSKүXWKXұWKRһF[ӱOêWKLӃWEӏY{WUQJYYÿѭӧF [iFÿӏQKOjORҥLGDQJѭӡL3KәELӃQQKҩWOjFiFFҫXNKXҭQJUDPGѭѫQJYjEҥFKKҫX
7URQJP{LWUѭӡQJÿѭӧFNLӇPVRiWQJXӗQYLVLQKYұWJk\{QKLӉPWURQJNK{QJNKt QKLӅXQKҩWOjFRQQJѭӡLYjYLVLQKYұWUѫLNKӓLGD
7UiQKQK̯PO̳QEͧLYuNtFKWK˱ͣFY̵WOêFͯDK̩WWK˱ͥQJE͓QK̯PO̳QYͣLNtFKWK˱ͣF FͯDFiFOR̩LYLNKX̱QKR̿FYLVLQKY̵W&̯QSK̫LKL͋XU}OjFiFYLVLQKY̵WK̯XQK˱OX{Q ÿ˱ͫFJ̷QKR̿FN͇WYjR các Y̵WWK͋WURQJNK{QJNKtDLUERUQHPDWHULDOYjṶWKL͇PNKLW̭W F̫FiFYLVLQKY̵WW͛QW̩LWQKLrQͧWU̩QJWKiLWU˯WUͭLO˯O͵QJWURQJNK{QJNKt'RÿyFiF K̩WDHURVROFKͱDFiFVLQKY̵WFyNK̫QăQJW͛QW̩LK̯XQK˱SK̫LOX{QOͣQK˯QYLVLQKY̵W /FWƭQKÿL QWURQJNK{QJNKtFyOͅOjP͡WSK̯QOjPQrQVJ̷QN͇WFͯDYLVLQKY̵WYͣLEͭL và các K̩WNKiFWURQJNK{QJNKt7URQJWU˱ͥQJKͫSFiFK̩WE̷QUDWͳÿ˱ͥQJK{K̭SFͯDFRQQJ˱ͥLQK˱ÿͥPNK{YjG͓FKO͗QJVͅFKL͇PSK̯QOͣQFͯDK̩W7URQJWU˱ͥQJKͫSFiFK̩WFyQJX͛QJ͙FWͳGDKR̿FWyFWKuOjFiFY̫\IODNHV
ĈLӋn tích hҥt aerosol
TҩWFҧFiFKҥW DHURVROPDQJPӝWOѭӧQJÿLӋQWtFKQKҩWÿӏQKÿӝOӟQSKkQFӵFSKөWKXӝFYjRQJXӗQJӕFYjÿӝWXәLFӫDKҥWĈLӋQWtFKFyWKӇWăQJWUrQKҥWDHURVRONKLFK~QJ ÿѭӧFKuQKWKjQKKRһFWKXÿLӋQWtFKWӯP{LWUѭӡQJĈLӋQWtFKFyWKӇWUX\ӅQÿLGRWLӃS[~FYӟLFiFLRQWURQJNK{QJNKtOjPFKREҧQWKkQFK~QJÿѭӧFWtFKÿLӋQGRWLDYNJWUөSKyQJ[ҥWӵQKLrQKD\QKkQWҥR WKӇKLӋQӣKuQK.4
7URQJWKӵFWӃNK{QJFyKҥWDHURVROWUXQJWtQKGѭӟLÿLӅXNLӋQEuQKWKѭӡQJ7KHRÿy FiFÿLӋQWtFKWURQJKҥWDHURVROVӁҧQKKѭӟQJÿӃQKRҥWÿӝQJFӫDFK~QJWURQJÿLӅXNLӋQNLӇP VRiW'ӉWKҩ\OjVӵOҳQJÿӑQJFӫDKҥWWUrQFiFEӅPһWQKӵD7X\QKLrQFNJQJFyFiFORҥL QKӵDOjPWăQJÿӝGүQÿLӋQOjPFKRFiFÿLӋQWtFKWKRiWUDYjJLҧPWKLӇXVӵEiPGtQKKҥW 0ӝWSKѭѫQJSKiSNKiFÿӇNLӇPVRiWEiPGtQKKҥWWUrQEӅPһWWtFKÿLӋQOjWKәLOXӗQJNKt LRQKyDOѭӥQJFӵF7X\QKLrQWURQJWUѭӡQJKӧSQj\FK~QJW{LVӱGөQJOXӗQJNKtFKҧ\ WҫQJÿӇ[ӱOêPӭFÿӝ{QKLӉPKҥWӣFiFFҩSÿӝNKiFQKDXWURQJP{LWUѭӡQJEuQKWKѭӡQJ YjGRÿyVӵKӳXKLӋXFӫDNK{QJNKtLRQKyDNK{QJSKKӧS ĈӝҭPPӝWÿLӇPTXDQWUӑQJQӳDOjNKLWăQJÿӝҭPWѭѫQJÿӕLFӫDNK{QJNKtOjP JLҧPVӕOѭӧQJKҥWEөLWURQJNK{QJNKtQyFNJQJOjPWăQJOӵFGtQKFӫDFK~QJNKLFK~QJ OҳQJWUrQEӅPһW+ѫQQӳDWURQJÿLӅXNLӋQWăQJÿӝҭPYLNKXҭQFyWKӇVӁWuPWKҩ\ÿLӅX NLӋQWӕWKѫQÿӇVӕQJVyW ĈLӋQWtFKWƭQKWUrQQJѭӡLOjYҩQÿӅWURQJOXӗQJNKtFKҧ\WҫQJYjNKXYӵFSKzQJVҥFK
&KX\ӇQÿӝQJQKѭÿӭQJOrQNKӓLJKӃVӁWҥRUDÿLӋQWtFKWƭQKÿiQJNӇQӃXQyNK{QJQJҳQPҥFKQJD\OұSWӭFEӣLVjQYjJLj\GpSGүQÿLӋQĈLEӝWUrQVjQFiFKÿLӋQFDRFNJQJJk\UDYҩQÿӅWtFKWөWƭQKÿLӋQ1JRjLUDFNJQJOѭXêPӝWVӕQJѭӡLFy[XKѭӟQJWtFKÿLӋQQKLӅXKѫQEӣLYuKӑJLҧLSKyQJUҩWtWÿӝҭPTXDGDKRһFTXҫQiR
Ĉ{QJWө và lҳng
6ӵÿ{QJWөYjOҳQJÿӑQJOLrQTXDQÿӃQNtFKWKѭӟFFӫDKҥWDHURVRO+uQK3.5, kích WKѭӟFKҥWJLҧPVӁWăQJQKDQKVӵÿ{QJWөFRDJXODWLRQNKLNtFKWKѭӟFKҥWOӟQKѫQP EӏORҥLEӓEӣLOӵFOҳQJVHWWOLQJIRUFHV [24]
Hình 3.5 *LͣLK̩QNtFKWK˱ͣFK̩WWUXQJEuQKG̳Qÿ͇Qÿ{QJWͭYjO̷QJ
Liên hӋ giӳa hҥt mang vi khuҭn và nhiӉm khuҭn khӟp sâu
0ӕLTXDQKӋJLӳDQӗQJÿӝ0&3WURQJNK{QJNKtYӟLWӹOӋQKLӉPNKXҭQNKӟSVkXÿm ÿѭӧFWKXWKұSWURQJKuQK3.6 [25]+ҥWPDQJYLNKXҭQPRQJPXӕQOj /m 3 QKLӉPNKXҭQ JҫQQKѭWӕLWKLӇXWX\QKLrQNKyÿҥWÿѭӧFPRQJPXӕQQj\GRҧQKKѭӣQJEӣLÿӝLQJNJSKүX WKXұWTXҫQiRWKLӃWEӏQKѭQJQӃX JLiWUӏWUXQJ EuQKÿҥWPӭF /m 3 FyWKӇJLҧPPӝWQӱD WӹOӋQKLӉPNKXҭQNKӟSVkX [23]
9uYұ\FK~QJW{LWKLӃWNӃKӋWKӕQJYӟLQӗQJÿӝKҥWPDQJ YLNKXҭQWURQJNK{QJNKt
Hình 3.6 0͙LOLrQK JLͷD0&3YͣLWͽO QKL͍PNKX̱QNKͣSVkX
3.5.1 3KѭѫQJSKiSNKӱ khuҭn bӣi loҥi bӓ bөi không khí
7KLӃWEӏOjPVҥFKNK{QJNKtÿѭӧFWKLӃWOұSÿӇORҥLEӓEөLNK{QJNKtFNJQJVӁORҥLEӓ YLNKXҭQ&yVҹQQKLӅXORҥLWKLӃWEӏOjPVҥFKNK{QJNKt&iFSKѭѫQJSKiSEDRJӗPWUӑQJ OӵFJUDYLWDWLRQDOTXiQWtQKLQHUWLDOOӑFILOWUDWLRQUӱDZDVKLQJYjNӃWWӫDOҳQJWƭQK ÿLӋQHOHFWURVWDWLFSUHFLSLWDWRU [21]
7URQJÿyOӑF ÿѭӧFVӱGөQJNKLFҫQORҥLEӓWӕLÿDFiFKҥWYLNKXҭQNKӓLNK{QJNKt ĈyOjSKѭѫQJSKiSWKӵFWӃYjKLӋXTXҧQKҩWÿһFELӋWOjNKLFҫQPӝWSKѭѫQJSKiSY{WUQJ+ҫXKӃWFiFEӝOӑFEDRJӗPFiFVӧLYұWOLӋXNKiFQKDXÿѭӧFÿӏQKKѭӟQJQJүXQKLrQFҩXWҥRVDRFKR KҫXKӃWFiFNKHQKӓ KѫQÿѭӡQJNtQKFӫDFiFKҥWFҫQÿѭӧFORҥLEӓ+RҥWÿӝQJFӫDOӑFVDXÿySKөWKXӝFYjRNKҧQăQJFӫDFiFKҥWWLӃS[~FYjEiPGtQKYjRFiFVӧLKRһFEӅPһW 7URQJÿyEӝOӑF+(3$ÿѭӧFFҩXWҥRYjKRҥWÿӝQJWKHRPӝWVӕFѫFKӃQKѭKuQK3.FKһQLQWHUFHSWLRQOӵFTXiQWtQKLQHUWLDOLPSDFWLRQNKXӃFKWiQGLIIXVLRQKLӋXӭQJWƭQKÿLӋQHOHFWURVWDWLFHIIHFWVOҳQJÿӑQJVHGLPHQWDWLRQ [26]
&ѫFKӃOҳQJÿӑQJYjWƭQKÿLӋQKLӋXTXҧWKҩSEӣLFiFEӝOӑFGҥQJVӧL&ѫFKӃ&KһQ[ҧ\UDNKLKҥWÿLWKHRGzQJNKtWLӃS[~FYjÿѭӧFJLӳOҥLEӣLOӑFKLӋXTXҧPjQJ OӑFSKөWKXӝFYjRNtFKWKѭӟF4XiQWtQKOjFѫFKӃ[ҧ\UDNKLPӝWKҥWWѭѫQJÿӕLOӟQÿLTXDFiFOXӗQJNKtYDFKҥPYjJLӳOҥLWUrQVӧLOӑF.KXӃFKWiQ[ҧ\UDYӟLFiFKҥWUҩWQKӓFiFKҥWNKXӃFKWiQWUrQFiFOXӗQJNK{QJNKtOjPWăQJYDFKҥPOrQVӧLOӑF+uQK 3.8 FKRKLӋXTXҧWѭѫQJ ÿӕLFӫDEDFѫFKӃFKtQKOLrQTXDQÿӃQÿѭӡQJNtQKKҥW [27]
Hình 3.8 +L XTX̫W˱˯QJÿ͙LFͯDF˯FK͇O͕F
%ӝOӑF+(3$ORҥLEӓKҥWWURQJKҥWÿѭӡQg kớnh 0,3 àm [28]+LӋXTXҧ FDRKѫQYӟLFiFKҥWOӟQKѫQYjQKӓKѫQPHӋXTXҧWKXWKұSFӫDFiFEӝOӑF+(3$ FKRFiFKҥWQKӓÿѭӧFWKӇKLӋQWURQJhình 3.9
Hình 3.9 /êWKX\͇WKL XTX̫O͕F+(3$ ĈѭӡQJFRQJQj\FKRWKҩ\KLӋXTXҧÿӕLYӟLFiFKҥWFyÿѭӡQJNtQKPOjFѫVӣYLӋFÿiQKFKһQEҵQJFiFVӧLÿѫQYӟLFiFKҥWQKӓKѫQKRһFOӟQKѫQFKRWKҩ\KLӋXTXҧWăQJOrQ'RUҩWtWFiFKҥWWURQJNK{QJNKtFKӭDFiFVLQKYұWFyWKӇVӕQJVyWQKӓGѭӟL
P+ѫQQӳDYLNKXҭQEӏJLӳOҥLӣEӝOӑFVӁEӏWLrXGLӋWGRKLӋXӭQJOjPNK{FӫDNK{QJ NKtOLrQWөFÿLTXDFK~QJ
&iFWKLӃWEӏOXӗQJNKtFKҧ\WҫQJSKөWKXӝFYjRKDL\ӃXWӕÿӇKLӋXTXҧ [29]:
.K{QJNKtÿѭӧFFXQJFҩSÿѭӧFEDRTXDQKYӓEӑFEҵQJFiFEӝOӑF+(3$JL~S ORҥLEӓKLӋXTXҧKҫXKӃWFiFKҥWEөLWURQJNK{QJNKt+LӋXTXҧÿӇORҥLEӓ FiFKҥWQKӓPYjWӗQWҥLF{QJQJKӋFKRKLӋXTXҧWKұPFKtFDRKѫQYӟLFiF KҥWQKӓKѫQQӃXFKӭQJPLQKYӅPһWNLQKWӃOjFҫQWKLӃW
.K{QJNKtWLӋWNKXҭQKRһFVҥFKQj\ÿѭӧFSKkQSKӕLWKHRFiFKFKҧ\PӝWFiFK Y{KѭӟQJYӟLVӵQKLӉXORҥQWӕLWKLӇXGRÿyGӑQGҽSEҩWNǤKҥWQjRÿѭӧFWҥRUD ErQWURQJUDNKӓLP{LWUѭӡQJPӝWFiFKQKDQKFKyQJGӑFWKHRÿѭӡQJÿLFӫDOXӗQJ khí
%ҵQJFiFKVӱGөQJKӧSOêKDL\ӃXWӕQj\FyWKӇNLӇPVRiWKLӋXTXҧP{LWUѭӡQJӣ PӭFÿӝKLӋXTXҧFӫDEӝOӑFNK{QJNKttWKѫQKҥWàm0ӭFQj\FҧLWKLӋQWӯEӕQÿӃQ QăPOҫQVRYӟLWUѭӟFWURQJFiFSKzQJVҥFKOXӗQJNK{QJNKtKӛQORҥQ
9LӋFVӱGөQJ89ÿӇNKӱNKXҭQNK{QJNKtÿmFyWӯQăPWUѭӟF&{QJQJKӋQj\ FyKLӋXTXҧWURQJYLӋFNKӱNKXҭQNK{QJNKtYjFiFEӅPһWWLӃS[~FYӟLWLD8989ÿmÿѭӧF FKӭQJPLQKWURQJFҧӭQJGөQJNK{QJNKtYjQѭӟFÿӇOjPEҩWKRҥWYLNKXҭQYjYLU~WÿӇ QJăQFKһQFK~QJVLQKVҧQ
%ѭӟFVyQJFӫDEӭF[ҥ89ÿѭӧFWKӇKLӋQӣEҧQJ-4 [3]+LӋXTXҧGLӋWNKXҭQWӕLÿD ӣEѭӟFVyQJ± QPĈqQWKӫ\QJkQiSVXҩWWKҩSSKiWUDKѫQEӭF[ҥӣEѭӟFVyQJQPÿLӇPGLӋWYLVLQKYұWFӵFÿҥL [30]6ӵEҩWKRҥWFӫDYLVLQKYұWOjGRVӵSKiKӫ\D[LWQXFOHLFWK{QJTXDGLPHUWK\PLQH9LNKXҭQYjYLU~WGӉEӏWLD89WLrXGLӋWOjEjRWӱYLNKXҭQ
&iFEѭӟFVyQJ89OjPEҩWKRҥWYLVLQKYұWEҵQJFiFKJk\UDFiFOLrQNӃWFKpRFURVV- OLQNV JLӳD FiF D[LW QXFOHLF 6ӵ KҩS WKө WLD 89 Fy WKӇ GүQ ÿӃQ Vӵ KuQK WKjQK FiF VӧL cyclobutyl-S\ULPLGLQH GLPHU WURQJ '1$ Fy WKӇ GүQ ÿӃQ ÿӝW ELӃQ KRһF FKӃW WӃ Ejo 3\ULPLGLQHOjFiFWKjQKSKҫQSKkQWӱWURQJTXiWUuQKVLQKWәQJKӧSEDRJӗPWK\PLQHYj F\WRVLQHÿk\OjFһSEDVHWURQJ'1$&iFGLPHUFKtQKÿѭӧFKuQKWKjQKWURQJ'1$NKL WLӃS[~FYӟL89ÿѭӧFJӑLOjGLPHUWK\PLQH
Hình 3.10 FKRWKҩ\NKLKҩSWKөWLD89Fy WKӇGүQÿӃQOLrQNӃWFKpRJLӳDFiFSKҫQ WӱWK\PLQHYjKuQKWKjQKFiFWK\PLQHGLPHU9jNKLFiFWK\PLQHEDVHQҵPFҥQKQKDXWKu FһSQj\ÿѭӧFJӑLOjGRXEOHW7K\PLQHGRXEOHWGүQÿӃQEҩWKRҥW'1$KRһF51$YjNӃWTXҧ OjWӃEjRNK{QJWKӇVҧQVLQKKLӋXTXҧ
Hình 3.10 &iF1XFOHRWLWQXFOHRWLGHOL͉QN͉K̭SWKͭWLD89Jk\UDWK\PLQHGLPHUWK\PLQHGRXEOHW ҦQKKѭӣQJÿӝSKҧQ[ҥ89ÿӕLYӟLYұWOLӋXFӵFNǤTXDQWUӑQJF{QJVXҩWFyWKӇWăQJ
75 ± QӃXYұWOLӋX[XQJTXDQKÿqQ89ÿѭӧFOjPEҵQJQK{PÿiQKEyQJ [31]
3.5.3 3KѭѫQJSKiSNKӱ khuҭn bҵng Quang xúc tác
7ҥRUDFiFJӕFWӵGRR[\KyDUHDFWLYHR[\JHQVSHFLHV526EҵQJSKѭѫQJSKiS quang xúc tác trên Titanium Dioxide (TiO2FyNKҧQăQJWLrXGLӋWPӝWORҥWFiFVLQKYұW WURQJQѭӟFWURQJNK{QJNKtYjWUrQEӅPһWEDRJӗPFiFYұWOLӋXNKiFQKDX [32]
TiO2 ÿѭӧFFKҩSWKXұQEӣLSKzQJWKtQJKLӋPWKӱQJKLӋPWKӵFSKҭPFӫD&өFTXҧQ OêWKӵFSKҭPYjGѭӧFSKҭP+RD.Ǥ)'$7L22 ÿѭӧFFRLOjPӝWFKҩWDQWRjQYjY{KҥL YӟLFRQQJѭӡL1yWKѭӡQJÿѭӧFVӱGөQJWURQJVѫQPӵFLQQKӵDJLҩ\VӧLWәQJKӧSFDR VXQJѭQJWөPjXVѫQYjE~WPjXJӕPVӭOLQKNLӋQÿLӋQWӱFQJYӟLWKӵFSKҭPYjPӻ SKҭP1KLӅXQJKLrQFӭXÿmÿѭӧFF{QJEӕYӅYLӋFVӱGөQJWLWDQGLR[LGHOjPFKҩW[~FWiF TXDQJFKRVӵSKkQKӫ\FiFKӧSFKҩWKӳXFѫ6DXNKLÿѭӧFFKLӃXViQJEҵQJiQKViQJWLWDQ GLR[LGHWҥRUDFiFJӕFK\GUR[\OSKҧQӭQJYӟLFiFFKҩWKӳXFѫWURQJNK{QJNKtÿӇWҥRWKjQK FiFFKҩWY{FѫNK{QJÿӝFKҥL
Các gӕFK\GUR[\OOjPӝWWURQJQKӳQJJӕFR[\KyDPҥQKQKҩWWKұPFKtPҥQKKѫQ QKLӅXVRYӟLFORR]RQHYjSHUR[LGH&K~QJKRҥWÿӝQJQKѭFiFFKҩWNKӱNKXҭQUҩWPҥQK EҵQJFiFKR[\KyDFiFWӃEjRFӫDYLVLQKYұWJk\YӥFiFWKjQKSKҫQTXDQWUӑQJ [34]
TiO2 OjFKҩWEiQGүQFyFҩXWU~FӣGҥQJDQDWDVHOjFKҩWTXDQJ[~FWiFSKәELӃQQKҩW6ӵKҩSSKөFӫDPӝWSKRWRQYӟLQăQJOѭӧQJYӯDÿӫEӣL7L22 ÿҭ\FiFHOHFWURQWӯYQJKyDWUӏHvb íOrQYQJGүQHcb íÿӇOҥLPӝWOӛWUӕQJWtFKÿLӋQGѭѫQJWURQJYQJKyDWUӏKvb +; F{QJWKӭF [33]1ăQJOѭӧQJEDQGJDSQăQJOѭӧQJFҫQWKLӃWÿӇWK~Fÿҭ\PӝWelectron) FӫDDQDWDVHOj[ҩS[ӍH9FyQJKƭDOjFyKLӋXTXҧTXDQJ[~FWiFFyWKӇÿѭӧFNtFKKRҥWEӣLFiFSKRWRQFyEѭӟFVyQJGѭӟL QPWӭFOj89$ [32]&iFHOHFWURQVDXÿyÿѭӧFWӵGRGLFKX\ӇQWURQJYQJGүQ&iFOӛWUӕQJFyWKӇÿѭӧFOҩSÿҫ\EҵQJFiFKGLFKX\ӇQPӝWHOHFWURQWӯPӝWSKkQWӱOLӅQNӅÿӇOҥLOӛWUӕQJYjTXiWUuQKQj\FyWKӇÿѭӧFOһSOҥL&iFHOHFWURQVDXÿyÿѭӧFWӵGRGLFKX\ӇQWURQJYQJGүQYjFiFOӛWUӕQJFyWKӇÿѭӧFOҩSÿҫ\EӣLPӝWHOHFWURQWӯPӝWSKkQWӱOLӅQNӅ4XiWUuQKQj\FyWKӇÿѭӧFOһSÿLOһSOҥL'RÿyOӛWUӕQJFNJQJNK{QJӣPӝWFKӛ&iFHOHFWURQYjOӛWUӕQJFyWKӇWiLWәKӧSOҥLYӟLQKDXWiLWәKӧSVӕOѭӧQJOӟQPӝWSKҧQӭQJSKLVҧQ[XҩWKRһFNKLFK~QJFKҥPWӟLEӅPһWSKҧQӭQJ ÿӇWҥRUDFiFJӕFWӵGRR[\KyD526QKѭ22 (3.2) và ڄ2+1KӳQJFKҩWQj\FyWKӇ
24 SKҧQӭQJÿӇWҥRUDFiFJӕF+2O2 (3.4), hydroxyl (YjK\GURSHUR[\O3KҧQӭQJFӫD FiFJӕFYӟLFiFKӧSFKҩWKӳXFѫWҥRWKjQKQѭӟFNKRiQJ
O2 + ecb - ĺ22 - (3.2) hvb + + H22ĺڄOH + H + aq (3.3) ڄOH + ڄ2+ĺ+2O2 (3.4)
9DLWUzFӫD526WURQJYLӋFGLӋWNKXҭQÿѭӧFWyPWҳWWURQJKuQK3-11
Hình 3.11 9DLWUzFͯD526WURQJYL FWLrXGL WYLNKX̱QE̹QJ quang xúc tác
+ҫXKӃWFiFQJKLrQFӭXFKRWKҩ\526GLӋWNKXҭQڄ2+WӗQWҥLWURQJWKӡLJLDQQJҳQYjFyWKӇVӁNK{QJNKXӃFKWiQTXiȝPWӯEӅPһW7L22 FKRWKҩ\YLӋFWLrXGLӋWYLNKXҭQ(FROLYүQ[ҧ\UDQJD\FҧNKLYLNKXҭQÿѭӧFWiFKUDNKӓLEӅPһWPjQJ[ӕSGj\ȝP7X\
KӂT HӦP HIӊU QUҦ KHӰ KHUҬN
Phân tán không khí trong mô hình thiӃt bӏ tҥo luӗng khí sҥch dùng trong y tӃ 32 &+ѬѪ1* THIӂT Kӂ VÀ HOÀN THIӊN MÔ HÌNH Hӊ THӔNG THIӂT Bӎ
4X\WUuQKP{SKӓQJ &)'ÿѭӧFWUuQKEj\WURQJKuQK.12&yEӕQEѭӟFFKtQKFҫQWKLӃWFKRPӝWYҩQÿӅ&)'EDR JӗP[iFÿӏQKYҩQÿӅSUREOHPLGHQWLILFDWLRQWLӅQ[ӱOêSUHSURFHVVLQJJLҧLTX\ӃWVROYLQJYjKұX[ӱOêSRVW-processing)
&+ѬѪ1* THIӂT Kӂ VÀ HOÀN THIӊN MÔ HÌNH Hӊ THӔNG THIӂT Bӎ
0{KuQKKӋWKӕQJWҥROXӗQJNKtVҥFKÿѭӧFQJKLrQFӭXP{SKӓQJGӵNLӃQWKLӃWNӃFKӃWҥRWKjQKVҧQSKҭPWKHRPӝWORҥWFiFEѭӟFQKѭVDX
THÔNG SӔ THIӂT Kӂ
0{KuQKKӋWKӕQJ WKLӃWEӏÿѭӧFWKLӃWNӃ VDRFKRWҥRPӝWNK{QJJLDQY{NKXҭQWUrQ EjQÿӇGөQJFөSKүXWKXұW0D\R6WDQG0D\R,QVWUXPHQW6WDQGYӟL NtFKWKѭӟF mm x 1000 mm x 200 mm (UӝQJ[GjL[FDR)
7KHRTX\ÿӏQKSKzQJPә, WKLӃWEӏ\rXFҫXÿҥWWLrXFKXҭQFKҩWOѭӧQJÿҥW,62FҩS WѭѫQJӭQJ*UDGH$:+2KRһFFDRKѫQWѭѫQJÿѭѫQJQӗQJÿӝKҥWOj3520 @ 0,5 àm và
#PYjPӭFÿӝ{QKLӉPYLVLQKYұW&)8JLӡ0{KuQKWKLӃWEӏWҥRUD OXӗQJNKttWQKLӉXORҥQFyNKҧQăQJÿҭ\NK{QJNKtEӏ{QKLӉPYӅSKtDWUѭӟFUDNKӓLYQJ VҥFKYӟLYұQWӕFOXӗQJNKt± PVӣFXӕLEjQÿӇGөQJFөSKүX WKXұWOѭXOѭӧQJ m 3 K'RÿyYӟLOӑF+(3$FҫQFyTXҥW! m 3 KYjiSVXҩW! 3D/XӗQJNK{QJNKt ÿѭӧFSKkQSKӕLFөFEӝYjNK{QJҧQKKѭӣQJÿӃQFiFKӋWKӕQJWK{QJJLy[XQJTXDQK0{ KuQKWKLӃWEӏKRҥWÿӝQJÿӗQJWKӡLYӟLbàn ÿӇGөQJFөSKүXWKXұWQKҵPÿҧPEҧR vô trùng WRjQYҽQFKRGөQJFөWURQJVXӕWTXiWUuQKSKүXWKXұW+LӋXTXҧOXӗQJNKtGX\WUuPӭFÿӝ VҥFKWUrQPӝWYQJFyNtFKWKѭӟFFKLӅXUӝQJPPYjFKLӅXGjLPPWURQJÿLӅX ĈѭDUDFiF\rXFҫXWKLӃWNӃGӵNLӃQFKRP{KuQKKӋ
WKӕQJWҥROXӗQJNKtVҥFK
7KLӃWNӃP{KuQKGӵNLӃQOӵDFKӑQWK{QJVӕSKKӧS
7tQKWRiQP{SKӓQJGӵDWUrQFiFWK{QJVӕÿmFKӑQGӵD
7KLF{QJKRjQWKLӋQP{KuQKWӯNӃWTXҧP{SKӓQJÿҥW ÿѭӧF
7KӵFKLӋQWKӱQJKLӋPÿiQKJLiNӃWTXҧ
35 NLӋQOXӗQJNKtNK{QJEӏFKһQEӣLWKLӃWEӏYjQKkQYLrQ7KrPYjRÿyP{KuQKKӋWKӕQJ
\rXFҫXÿҥWNKӱNKXҭQNK{QJNKtWѭѫQJÿѭѫQJORJ
0{KuQKWKLӃWNӃWKLӃWEӏGӵNLӃQVӁEDRJӗPFiFWKjQKSKҫQVDX: OӑF+(3$+ÿqQ
UVC ± QPOѭӟL7L22TXҥW%ORZHU 6ӱGөQJOӑF+(3$+FyPӭFOѭXOѭӧQJ m 3 /h và áSVXҩW3D7KLӃWNӃ\rXFҫXÿҥWWӕFÿӝJLyOӟQKѫQ PVӣYӏWUt[DQKҩW
THIӂT Kӂ MÔ HÌNH VÀ LӴA CHӐN THÔNG SӔ PHÙ HӦP CHO TӮNG BӜ PHҰN CHI TIӂT
Mô hình GӵNLӃQÿѭӧFWKLӃWNӃGҥQJKuQKKӝS FKLWLӃWFKRWӯQJEӝSKұQÿѭӧFWKӇKLӋQ theo VѫÿӗErQGѭӟLÿѭӡQJPNJLWrQFKRELӃWOXӗQJNKtÿLErQWURQJP{KuQKKӋWKӕQJbao JӗPFiFJLDLÿRҥQVDX
Ngõ YjRNK{QJNKtÿLTXDOӑFWK{ÿѭӧFNKӱNKXҭQEҵQJWLD89YjOѭӟL7L22
.K{QJNKtÿѭӧFK~WYjREҵQJTXҥWEORZHUWLӃSWөFÿѭӧFNKӱNKXҭQWҥLÿҫXUDFӫD TXҥWEORZHUEҵQJFѫFKӃTXDQJ[~FWiF
.K{QJNKtÿmÿѭӧFNKӱNKXҭQNKtVҥFKYjÿѭDYjREXӗQJSKkQSKӕLNKt
.KtVҥFKÿѭӧFFKRTXDOӑF+(3$SKkQSKӕLWUӵFWLӃSOrQEӅPһWFӫDEjQÿӇGөQJ FөSKүXWKXұWNK{QJNKtWҥRUDVDXEӝOӑF+(3$SKҧLFyYұQ WӕFSKKӧSYjOXӗQJ NKttWKӛQORҥQQKҩW/êWѭӣQJQKҩWӣGҥQJFKҧ\WҫQJ
/ӑF thô hsŬŚӊ ŬŚƵҦŶǀăŬұƚ ŚӄƉdŝKϮ
YƵҢƚůŽǁĞƌǀă ƚŝұƉƚӅĐŬŚӊ ŬŚƵҦŶdŝKϮ
Không khí cung ĐҤƉƚƌӌĐƚŝұƉ ůġŶďăŶĜҳĚӅŶŐ ĐӅƉŚҧƵƚŚƵҨƚ
36 ĈiSӭQJWKHR\rXFҫXP{KuQKKӋWKӕQJÿҥW,62FҩSWӕFÿӝJLyÿҥW!PVYjOXӗQJ khí tWKӛQORҥQWKLӃWEӏÿѭӧFWUDQJEӏ lӑF+(3$+WUӣOrQFyKLӋXTXҧNKӱNKXҭQ 0336'RÿyP{KuQKFӫD WKLӃWEӏ EDRJӗP
/ӑF+(3$+NtFKWKѭӟF mm x 610 mm x PPOѭXOѭӧQJNKtOj m 3 KiSVXҩW3D
/ӑFWK{FyNtFKWKѭӟF mm x 594 mm x PPFyOѭXOѭӧQJNKt860 m 3 /h, áp VXҩW3D
LӑF+(3$YjOӑFWK{FӫDWKLӃWEӏVӱGөQJ TXҥWbORZHUFyF{QJVXҩWOӟQKѫQ m 3 KYjiSVXҩWOӟQKѫQ3D ĈӇÿҧPEҧR KLӋXTXҧ NKӱNKXҭQÿҥWPӭFFDRQKҩW, WKLӃWEӏ ÿѭӧFOҳSWKrPEyQJ ÿqQ89&-254nm và màng TiO2.
TÍNH TOÁN MÔ PHӒNG
4.3.1 0{SKӓQJP{KuQKKӋWKӕQJWKLӃWEӏ
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9ӟLÿӝQJFѫFyWӕFÿӝYzQJTXD\- USPYjiSGөQJQKLӅXORҥLELrQGҥQJFiQKTXҥWOӗQJVyFSKәELӃQcác P{SKӓQJ&)'WѭѫQJӭQJWKӵFKLӋQÿӇOӵDFKӑQORҥLELrQGҥQJFiQKSKKӧSÿҫX UDiSVXҩWYjOѭXOѭӧQJNKt.ӃWTXҧTXҥWElower QKѭKuQh 4.1 và 4.2 FKRWKҩ\WӕFÿӝJLyWUXQJEuQKPVhình 4.3 WKӇKLӋQiSVXҩWWӍQKOj3DӣWӕF ÿӝYzQJTXD\USP.ӃWTXҧQj\SKKӧSFKRWKLӃWNӃVӱGөQJOӑF+(3$+-H14
;iFÿӏQKP{KuQKKӋWKӕQJGӵDWUrQFiFWK{QJVӕJLҧWKX\ӃWTXҥWEORZHUFyF{QJ VXҩWOjP 3 KNtFKWKѭӟFKӑQJJLy FXQJFҩSNKt mm x PP/ӑF+(3$FyNtFK WKѭӟF mm x 610 mm x PPOjSKKӧSWKHR\rXFҫX WtQKWRiQP{SKӓQJFyOѭX OѭӧQJNKtOjP 3 /h (250 Pa)
3KҫQPӅP$16