Subject Business English 1.2 Topic Factors To Be Taken Into Consideration When Making Packaging Decisions.pdf

THUONGMAI UNIVERSITYFACULTY OF ENGLISH

-PRESENTATIONSUBJECT: BUSINESS ENGLISH 1.2TOPIC: FACTORS TO BE TAKEN INTO CONSIDERATION

WHEN MAKING PACKAGING DECISIONS

Supervisor: Mai Tuyet Nhung Class: 231ENPR491103

Group: 3

Hà Nội – tháng 10/2023

A THE HISTORY OF PACKAGING 3

1 Ancient packaging 3

2 Packaging in the Late 1800s – Early 1900s 7

B The factors to consider when packaging a product 9

I.The functions of packaging 9

II.The main goal of product packaging today 10

1 The transition to green packaging production 10

2 Types of biodegradable packages 12

III.Types of packaging 13

A.THE HISTORY OF PACKAGING

At that time, packaging, as a concept, grew out of the basic need for early humanity to store and transport their food from place to place People did not even have a right definition about packaging Moreover, there is no record of when the first packaging materials were used, historians believe that during the nomadic hunter/gatherer days, materials such as leaves, animal skins, nuts or gourds were used to store and transport items

A step into the packaging industry was not found yet All of these options are the only speculation as to what may have been the first packaging material used by early humans Years after the hunters and gatherers developed the first form of packaging, the need for packaging and containing devices became more important When man began to domesticate animals and plants, villages began to pop up The introduction of communities increased the need for more extensive storage and transportation devices to supply larger groups of people.

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1 Ancient packaging

a) Ancient Egyptian packaging techniques

The ancient Egyptians (circa 1500 B.C.) were the first to “industrialize” a food/water container by developing glass water pots In Ancient Egypt, glass was costly and regarded as a precious stone typically reserved for royalty However, it was this obsession with glass that eventually led the Egyptians to discover glass blowing technology of which could mold glass into containers for food and water storage (especially containing liquids) This ancient glass was not transparent however - that wouldn’t be discovered for another 500 years by Egyptians.

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b) Ancient Chinese packaging techniques

Ancient China is credited for inventing flexible packaging due to their innovations in developing paper Historians believe that in the first or second centuries, the Chinese began to use treated mulberry bark to wrap foods In later centuries, when the Chinese perfected their paper-making techniques, the paper also began to be used for packaging items such as medicine and parcels of tea.

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c) Medieval packaging

The middle ages saw a rise in popularity in using wooden barrels and wood boxes as storage and transportation devices Barrels were typically used for traveling across oceans to store items such as rum, dried food, and freshwater  Industrial revolution packaging:

Fast forward to the Industrial Revolution: this era (starting from about 1760-1840) gave way to major technological advancements, as the demand for

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better quality packaging increased This demand for quality was fueled by a sudden surge in new products that were now available for the masses to consume However, it should be noted that many of the packaging materials that arose in this era were expensive; meaning that the use of these materials were typically reserved for storing and transporting luxury goods.

Here are some of the more notable packaging advancements that occurred during this era:

 Napoleon’s Food Preservation Prize (1795)

In 1795, Napoleon offered a prize of 12,000 francs to anyone who could invent better methods of food preservation This push for innovation was due to Napoleon needing to find a way to feed his army who was in the midst of a war However, it wouldn’t be another 15 years until this prize was claimed by a man named Nicolas Appert Nicolas Appert, also known as the father of canning, invented a method to preserve food for an extended period of time by boiling then sealing food in airtight glass containers We still use this method today with canned foods.

 The Rise of Tin (1810)

In 1810, Peter Durand, an Englishman, patented the use of tin-coated iron cans instead of bottles to preserve food Over the next 20 years, tin would become one of the most popular packaging materials for packaging things like cookies and tobacco

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 The First Cardboard Box (1817)

Though cardboard itself had been invented several hundred years earlier in China, the cardboard box wasn’t created until 1817 by Sir Malcolm Thornhill Note: these boxes weren’t corrugated yet, that wouldn’t be invented until 1871 Cardboard boxes were popular among silk manufacturers to transport eggs from Japan to Europe.

2 Packaging in the Late 1800s – Early 1900s a) The First Paper Bag-Making Machine (1852)

Several years after the first commercial paper bags were invented in 1844, Francis Wolle invented a machine capable of mass-producing paper bags The paper bags back then didn’t exactly look like what we’d think of as paper bags today – they resembled large mailing envelopes.

b) The First Carton (1879)

Robert Gair, a Brooklyn printer developed the first carton by accident! Gair was the owner of a paper bag company One day, one of Gair’s machines malfunctioned by slicing through (rather than creasing) a stack of paper bags It was then that Gair realized that cutting and creasing cartons in one operation could make prefabricated cartons.

c) The first Cereal box (1906)

The Kellogg brothers, known for the invention of Corn Flake cereal in 1877, began using cardboard to distribute and market their cereal as early as 1906 Initially, the cereal box was wrapped in a heat-sealed bag, with the cereal loose on the inside of the box Eventually, however, a plastic bag was placed inside of the cereal box to contain and protect the cereal.

d) The revolution of plastic packaging:

Plastic is our newest packaging material Various plastic substances were discovered in the 1800s, but they weren’t ready yet to serve as packaging It

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wasn’t until the invention of cellophane in 1908 that the foundations of plastic packaging were laid.

In 1946 an underarm deodorant in a spray bottle named “Stopette” debuted It was one of the first commercial plastic bottles Decades later, PET (Polyethylene Terephthalate) plastic bottles appeared in 1977, and it quickly became the standard container for plastic bottles (strong, non-toxic and 100% recyclable).

3 Packaging today:

With sustainability having become a major concern in recent years, today’s packaging innovators are continuously coming up with new ways to reduce the packaging industry’s impact on the environment Recent eco-friendly innovations such as biodegradable and edible packaging not only reflect the state of our society today, but it also demonstrates the packaging industry’s ability to adapt to the ever-changing needs and concerns of consumers  The definition of packaging:

Packaging means the wrapping or bottling of products to make them safe from damages during transportation and storage It keeps a product safe and marketable and helps in identifying, describing, and promoting the product.

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B.THE FACTORS TO CONSIDER WHEN PACKAGING A PRODUCT

I.The functions of packaging

1 Protection

Packaging is designed to protect the product from damage during transportation, handling and storage It acts as a barrier against external factors such as moisture, heat, light and impact, ensuring the product reaches consumers in good condition, avoiding and minimizing distortion and breakage due to impact and retains the original shape of the product.

Packaging made of paper also helps protect the surrounding environment 2 Restoration

The restoration of packaging refers to the process of repairing, refurbishing, or renewing packaging materials or containers that have been damaged or worn out This can involve fixing structural issues, replacing damaged parts, or improving the overall appearance of the packaging

The goal of restoration is to extend the lifespan of packaging and reduce waste by making it usable again This practice is often employed in industries where packaging is reused or recycled, such as in the case of returnable containers or pallets.

3 Preservation

Packaging helps extend a product's shelf life by preventing damage, contamination or protecting the product during transportation It may include features such as airtight sealing, moisture barriers, and temperature control to maintain product quality and freshness

Give a specific example: In this day and age, consumers tend to use e-commerce platforms and applications such as Instagram, Tiktokshops and Shopee to buy products and services online quickly and conveniently Therefore, products can be distributed domestically and internationally, so products will have different shipping times To preserve goods effectively, choosing quality packaging is extremely important.

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4 Appearance

The appearance of packaging plays an essential role in attracting customers, creating a positive first impression, and enhancing product appeal.

Packaging design can convey a brand's identity, product features, and benefits, as well as provide aesthetic appeal.

5 Branding

Packaging plays an essential role when it comes to brand-building, as it serves as the first point of contact for consumers and can significantly influence their perception of the brand.

It also establishes the brand image by their target audience, for example, M&M chocolates are bright and colorful in packaging to attract young consumers while brands like Godiva opt for a more dark and toned down package to establish itself as a mature and luxurious chocolate brand 6 Instruction

Packaging is often used to provide important product instructions, safety warnings, and other information that customers need to use the product correctly This information is critical to ensuring customer satisfaction and reducing returns due to misunderstanding or improper use.

7 Security

Packaging also plays an important role in protecting products during transportation and storage Proper packaging can help prevent damage, maintain temperature and extend storage time of product.

II.The main goal of product packaging today

1 The transition to green packaging production

In recent years, the packaging industry has experienced a significant transformation as consumer demand for sustainability has grown stronger The era of single-use plastics and excessive packaging waste is gradually giving way to a new paradigm: sustainable packaging Today, eco-conscious

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consumers are increasingly seeking brands that prioritize environmentally friendly practices, making sustainable packaging a crucial factor for business success There are many ways to produce a sustainable package:

a) Choose eco-friendly materials:

By using materials that are recyclable, biodegradable or made from renewable resources, businesses can significantly reduce their environmental footprint Traditional packaging materials, such as plastic and Styrofoam, are being replaced by alternatives like recycled paper, cardboard, plant-based plastics and compostable materials These materials not only reduce the carbon footprint but also promote a circular economy by closing the loop through recycling and composting processes.

b) Take innovative design approaches:

Sustainable packaging is not just about the materials used; it also encompasses innovative design approaches that optimize packaging efficiency Minimalist packaging, for example, eliminates unnecessary layers and focuses on simplicity and functionality This not only reduces waste but also enhances the overall brand aesthetic Additionally, companies are leveraging smart packaging technologies, such as intelligent labels and QR codes, to provide consumers with product information and promote recycling practices c) Optimize your supply chain:

Focus on collaboration and transparency: Establishing strong partnerships and fostering open communication with suppliers, manufacturers and logistics providers is crucial By sharing sustainability goals and expectations throughout the supply chain, businesses can collectively work toward identifying areas for improvement and implementing eco-friendly practices Collaboration also enables the exchange of ideas and best practices, and allows for multiple sets of eyes to review each element, providing diverse perspectives and expertise.

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Don't overlook local sourcing opportunities: While global sourcing can offer cost advantages, it often entails long-distance transportation, resulting in higher carbon emissions.

Avoid short-term solutions: When optimizing the supply chain for sustainability, it's crucial to think long-term Focus on implementing solutions that have lasting benefits rather than quick fixes Short-sighted approaches may lead to unintended consequences or unsustainable practices in the future Drawing from my firsthand experience, I have seen these steps bring significant positive changes within the supply chain, leading to enhanced sustainability in packaging.

 Sustainable packaging also aligns with consumer values, attracting a customer base that seeks products that reflect their commitment to a greener future.

2 Types of biodegradable packages

Water Soluble Plastic

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III.Types of packaging

Used for preserving and packaging perishable goods in a way that maintains freshness without refrigeration.

Examples: aseptic cartons for milk, juice boxes, etc 3 Sustainable or Eco-Friendly Packaging

Environmentally friendly packaging designed to reduce its environmental impact.

Examples: compostable packaging, recycled materials, biodegradable packaging, etc.

4 Child-Resistant Packaging

Designed to prevent children from accessing harmful substances Examples: child-resistant caps, special closures, etc.

5 Food Packaging

Packaging designed for food products, considering factors like freshness, safety, and consumer convenience.

Examples: food cans, pouches, vacuum-sealed bags, etc 6 Transport Packaging

Packaging used for transporting products efficiently and securely Examples: pallets, crates, shipping containers, etc.

7 Plastic Boxes Packaging

Plastic is used in a wide range of products, from spaceships to paper clips A number of traditional materials, such as wood, leather, glass, ceramic, and so on, have already been replaced by plastic.

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Plastic box packaging has many advantages in which they can be recycled, and generally they are much more durable than paperboard boxes Airtight plastic packaging containers can help to preserve the quality of food and eliminate any contamination issues Plastic packaging also does not break easily and can be stored with food under extreme conditions.

8 Rigid-Packaging

A rigid box is made out of highly condensed paperboard that is 4 times thicker than the paperboard used in the construction of a standard folding carton The easiest real-world example of rigid boxes are the boxes that hold Apple’s iPhones and iPads, which are 2 piece setup rigid boxes.

9 Chipboard Packaging

Chipboard packaging is used in industries such as electronic, medical, food, cosmetic, and beverage A chipboard basically is a type of paperboard that is made out of reclaimed paper stock It can be easily cut, folded, and formed It is a cost-effective packing option for your products.

It comes in various densities and strength is determined by how high the density of the material is If you want images to be directly printed onto the chipboard, you can treat the chipboard with bleach sulfate, and with CCNB (Clay Coated News Back) which makes the material even more durable.

IV.Package design affect on sales

Product packing has always played an important role in a business’s growth and marketing plan A simple cardboard box has evolved into a communication channel and a silent salesman as firm seeks and to engage and satisfy customers when new opportunities in the market arise.Here are some impacts of packaging design on product sales:

1 Importance of packaging

Packaging is something that not many businesses pay attention, but its importance is undeniable After having the perfect product, you need to think about how to optimize your packaging packaging is part of a brand and

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