Lecture Communication research: Asking questions, finding answers (4e) Chapter 8: Surveys and questionnaires. After reading this chapter, you should be able to: Design a survey or questionnaire to answer a research question or test a hypothesis; select the survey format (selfreport, facetoface, phone, or online) that will best serve the purpose of the survey; select existing or develop appropriate questionnaire items and response sets;... Đề tài Hoàn thiện công tác quản trị nhân sự tại Công ty TNHH Mộc Khải Tuyên được nghiên cứu nhằm giúp công ty TNHH Mộc Khải Tuyên làm rõ được thực trạng công tác quản trị nhân sự trong công ty như thế nào từ đó đề ra các giải pháp giúp công ty hoàn thiện công tác quản trị nhân sự tốt hơn trong thời gian tới.
Trang 1Information, but by the time I had the number it was long after five and no one answered the phone ‘Will you ring again?’ ‘I’ve rung them three times.’ ‘It’s very important.’ ‘Sorry I’m afraid no one’s there.’ I went back to the drawing room and thought for an in- stant that they were chance visitors, all these official people who suddenly filled it But as they drew back the sheet and looked at Gatsby with unmoved eyes, his protest continued in my brain ‘Look here, old sport, you’ve got to get somebody for me You’ve got to try hard I can’t go through this alone.’ Some one started to ask me questions but I broke away and going upstairs looked hastily through the unlocked parts of his desk—he’d never told me definitely that his par- ents were dead But there was nothing—only the picture of Dan Cody, a token of forgotten violence staring down from the wall Next morning I sent the butler to New York with a letter to Wolfshiem which asked for information and urged him to come out on the next train That request seemed super- fluous when I wrote it I was sure he’d start when he saw the newspapers, just as I was sure there’d be a wire from Daisy before noon—but neither a wire nor Mr Wolfshiem arrived, no one arrived except more police and photographers and newspaper men When the butler brought back Wolfshiem’s answer I began to have a feeling of defiance, of scornful
soli-darity between Gatsby and me against them all.
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McGraw-Hill Education.
QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS OF TEXT
Trang 2Information, but by the time I had the number it was long after five and no one answered the phone ‘Will you ring again?’ ‘I’ve rung them three times.’ ‘It’s very important.’ ‘Sorry I’m afraid no one’s there.’ I went back to the drawing room and thought for an in- stant that they were chance visitors, all these official people who suddenly filled it But as they drew back the sheet and looked at Gatsby with unmoved eyes, his protest continued in my brain ‘Look here, old sport, you’ve got to get somebody for me You’ve got to try hard I can’t go through this alone.’ Some one started to ask me questions but I broke away and going upstairs looked hastily through the unlocked parts of his desk—he’d never told me definitely that his par- ents were dead But there was nothing—only the picture of Dan Cody, a token of forgotten violence staring down from the wall Next morning I sent the butler to New York with a letter to Wolfshiem which asked for information and urged him to come out on the next train That request seemed super- fluous when I wrote it I was sure he’d start when he saw the newspapers, just as I was sure there’d be a wire from Daisy before noon—but neither a wire nor Mr Wolfshiem arrived, no one arrived except more police and photographers and newspaper men When the butler brought back Wolfshiem’s answer I began to have a feeling of defiance, of scornful
soli-darity between Gatsby and me against them all.
Trang 3Information, but by the time I had the number it was long after five and no one answered the phone ‘Will you ring again?’ ‘I’ve rung them three times.’ ‘It’s very important.’ ‘Sorry I’m afraid no one’s there.’ I went back to the drawing room and thought for an in- stant that they were chance visitors, all these official people who suddenly filled it But as they drew back the sheet and looked at Gatsby with unmoved eyes, his protest continued in my brain ‘Look here, old sport, you’ve got to get somebody for me You’ve got to try hard I can’t go through this alone.’ Some one started to ask me questions but I broke away and going upstairs looked hastily through the unlocked parts of his desk—he’d never told me definitely that his par- ents were dead But there was nothing—only the picture of Dan Cody, a token of forgotten violence staring down from the wall Next morning I sent the butler to New York with a letter to Wolfshiem which asked for information and urged him to come out on the next train That request seemed super- fluous when I wrote it I was sure he’d start when he saw the newspapers, just as I was sure there’d be a wire from Daisy before noon—but neither a wire nor Mr Wolfshiem arrived, no one arrived except more police and photographers and newspaper men When the butler brought back Wolfshiem’s answer I began to have a feeling of defiance, of scornful
soli-darity between Gatsby and me against them all.
Copyright © 2015 McGraw-Hill Education All rights reserved No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.CONTENT ANALYSISA data collection and analytical techniqueCan make inferences by identifying specific characteristics of messagesManifest content Latent contentObjective
Trang 4Information, but by the time I had the number it was long after five and no one answered the phone ‘Will you ring again?’ ‘I’ve rung them three times.’ ‘It’s very important.’ ‘Sorry I’m afraid no one’s there.’ I went back to the drawing room and thought for an in- stant that they were chance visitors, all these official people who suddenly filled it But as they drew back the sheet and looked at Gatsby with unmoved eyes, his protest continued in my brain ‘Look here, old sport, you’ve got to get somebody for me You’ve got to try hard I can’t go through this alone.’ Some one started to ask me questions but I broke away and going upstairs looked hastily through the unlocked parts of his desk—he’d never told me definitely that his par- ents were dead But there was nothing—only the picture of Dan Cody, a token of forgotten violence staring down from the wall Next morning I sent the butler to New York with a letter to Wolfshiem which asked for information and urged him to come out on the next train That request seemed super- fluous when I wrote it I was sure he’d start when he saw the newspapers, just as I was sure there’d be a wire from Daisy before noon—but neither a wire nor Mr Wolfshiem arrived, no one arrived except more police and photographers and newspaper men When the butler brought back Wolfshiem’s answer I began to have a feeling of defiance, of scornful
soli-darity between Gatsby and me against them all.
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McGraw-Hill Education.
BASIC PRINCIPLES OF CONTENT ANALYSIS
Messages can be classified into a set of categories
Elements classified together have similar meanings
Categories produce frequency counts to allow for comparisons
Trang 5Information, but by the time I had the number it was long after five and no one answered the phone ‘Will you ring again?’ ‘I’ve rung them three times.’ ‘It’s very important.’ ‘Sorry I’m afraid no one’s there.’ I went back to the drawing room and thought for an in- stant that they were chance visitors, all these official people who suddenly filled it But as they drew back the sheet and looked at Gatsby with unmoved eyes, his protest continued in my brain ‘Look here, old sport, you’ve got to get somebody for me You’ve got to try hard I can’t go through this alone.’ Some one started to ask me questions but I broke away and going upstairs looked hastily through the unlocked parts of his desk—he’d never told me definitely that his par- ents were dead But there was nothing—only the picture of Dan Cody, a token of forgotten violence staring down from the wall Next morning I sent the butler to New York with a letter to Wolfshiem which asked for information and urged him to come out on the next train That request seemed super- fluous when I wrote it I was sure he’d start when he saw the newspapers, just as I was sure there’d be a wire from Daisy before noon—but neither a wire nor Mr Wolfshiem arrived, no one arrived except more police and photographers and newspaper men When the butler brought back Wolfshiem’s answer I began to have a feeling of defiance, of scornful
soli-darity between Gatsby and me against them all.
Trang 6Information, but by the time I had the number it was long after five and no one answered the phone ‘Will you ring again?’ ‘I’ve rung them three times.’ ‘It’s very important.’ ‘Sorry I’m afraid no one’s there.’ I went back to the drawing room and thought for an in- stant that they were chance visitors, all these official people who suddenly filled it But as they drew back the sheet and looked at Gatsby with unmoved eyes, his protest continued in my brain ‘Look here, old sport, you’ve got to get somebody for me You’ve got to try hard I can’t go through this alone.’ Some one started to ask me questions but I broke away and going upstairs looked hastily through the unlocked parts of his desk—he’d never told me definitely that his par- ents were dead But there was nothing—only the picture of Dan Cody, a token of forgotten violence staring down from the wall Next morning I sent the butler to New York with a letter to Wolfshiem which asked for information and urged him to come out on the next train That request seemed super- fluous when I wrote it I was sure he’d start when he saw the newspapers, just as I was sure there’d be a wire from Daisy before noon—but neither a wire nor Mr Wolfshiem arrived, no one arrived except more police and photographers and newspaper men When the butler brought back Wolfshiem’s answer I began to have a feeling of defiance, of scornful
soli-darity between Gatsby and me against them all.
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McGraw-Hill Education.
CONTENT ANALYSIS PROCESS
1.Develop hypothesis or research question that calls for content analysis
2.Select messages to be analyzed
3.Select categories and units for coding
4.Develop procedures for resolving coding differences 5.If all messages cannot be coded, select sample
6.Code messages into categories
Trang 7Information, but by the time I had the number it was long after five and no one answered the phone ‘Will you ring again?’ ‘I’ve rung them three times.’ ‘It’s very important.’ ‘Sorry I’m afraid no one’s there.’ I went back to the drawing room and thought for an in- stant that they were chance visitors, all these official people who suddenly filled it But as they drew back the sheet and looked at Gatsby with unmoved eyes, his protest continued in my brain ‘Look here, old sport, you’ve got to get somebody for me You’ve got to try hard I can’t go through this alone.’ Some one started to ask me questions but I broke away and going upstairs looked hastily through the unlocked parts of his desk—he’d never told me definitely that his par- ents were dead But there was nothing—only the picture of Dan Cody, a token of forgotten violence staring down from the wall Next morning I sent the butler to New York with a letter to Wolfshiem which asked for information and urged him to come out on the next train That request seemed super- fluous when I wrote it I was sure he’d start when he saw the newspapers, just as I was sure there’d be a wire from Daisy before noon—but neither a wire nor Mr Wolfshiem arrived, no one arrived except more police and photographers and newspaper men When the butler brought back Wolfshiem’s answer I began to have a feeling of defiance, of scornful
soli-darity between Gatsby and me against them all.
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McGraw-Hill Education.
SELECTING WHAT TO CODE
Are the messages available or must they be created?
Narrow the data set for the elements of interest
May still need to sample elements
Trang 8Information, but by the time I had the number it was long after five and no one answered the phone ‘Will you ring again?’ ‘I’ve rung them three times.’ ‘It’s very important.’ ‘Sorry I’m afraid no one’s there.’ I went back to the drawing room and thought for an in- stant that they were chance visitors, all these official people who suddenly filled it But as they drew back the sheet and looked at Gatsby with unmoved eyes, his protest continued in my brain ‘Look here, old sport, you’ve got to get somebody for me You’ve got to try hard I can’t go through this alone.’ Some one started to ask me questions but I broke away and going upstairs looked hastily through the unlocked parts of his desk—he’d never told me definitely that his par- ents were dead But there was nothing—only the picture of Dan Cody, a token of forgotten violence staring down from the wall Next morning I sent the butler to New York with a letter to Wolfshiem which asked for information and urged him to come out on the next train That request seemed super- fluous when I wrote it I was sure he’d start when he saw the newspapers, just as I was sure there’d be a wire from Daisy before noon—but neither a wire nor Mr Wolfshiem arrived, no one arrived except more police and photographers and newspaper men When the butler brought back Wolfshiem’s answer I began to have a feeling of defiance, of scornful
soli-darity between Gatsby and me against them all.
Copyright © 2015 McGraw-Hill Education All rights reserved No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of
McGraw-Hill Education.
DEVELOPING CONTENT CATEGORIES
Theoretical or emergent
What was said
Trang 9Information, but by the time I had the number it was long after five and no one answered the phone ‘Will you ring again?’ ‘I’ve rung them three times.’ ‘It’s very important.’ ‘Sorry I’m afraid no one’s there.’ I went back to the drawing room and thought for an in- stant that they were chance visitors, all these official people who suddenly filled it But as they drew back the sheet and looked at Gatsby with unmoved eyes, his protest continued in my brain ‘Look here, old sport, you’ve got to get somebody for me You’ve got to try hard I can’t go through this alone.’ Some one started to ask me questions but I broke away and going upstairs looked hastily through the unlocked parts of his desk—he’d never told me definitely that his par- ents were dead But there was nothing—only the picture of Dan Cody, a token of forgotten violence staring down from the wall Next morning I sent the butler to New York with a letter to Wolfshiem which asked for information and urged him to come out on the next train That request seemed super- fluous when I wrote it I was sure he’d start when he saw the newspapers, just as I was sure there’d be a wire from Daisy before noon—but neither a wire nor Mr Wolfshiem arrived, no one arrived except more police and photographers and newspaper men When the butler brought back Wolfshiem’s answer I began to have a feeling of defiance, of scornful
soli-darity between Gatsby and me against them all.
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McGraw-Hill Education.
UNITS OF ANALYSIS
Discrete element that is coded and counted
Trang 10Information, but by the time I had the number it was long after five and no one answered the phone ‘Will you ring again?’ ‘I’ve rung them three times.’ ‘It’s very important.’ ‘Sorry I’m afraid no one’s there.’ I went back to the drawing room and thought for an in- stant that they were chance visitors, all these official people who suddenly filled it But as they drew back the sheet and looked at Gatsby with unmoved eyes, his protest continued in my brain ‘Look here, old sport, you’ve got to get somebody for me You’ve got to try hard I can’t go through this alone.’ Some one started to ask me questions but I broke away and going upstairs looked hastily through the unlocked parts of his desk—he’d never told me definitely that his par- ents were dead But there was nothing—only the picture of Dan Cody, a token of forgotten violence staring down from the wall Next morning I sent the butler to New York with a letter to Wolfshiem which asked for information and urged him to come out on the next train That request seemed super- fluous when I wrote it I was sure he’d start when he saw the newspapers, just as I was sure there’d be a wire from Daisy before noon—but neither a wire nor Mr Wolfshiem arrived, no one arrived except more police and photographers and newspaper men When the butler brought back Wolfshiem’s answer I began to have a feeling of defiance, of scornful
soli-darity between Gatsby and me against them all.
Copyright © 2015 McGraw-Hill Education All rights reserved No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of
McGraw-Hill Education.
TRAINING CODERS
All coders must be trained
Increases coding agreement
Commit coding system and rules to paper
Practice on similar texts or messages
Trang 11Information, but by the time I had the number it was long after five and no one answered the phone ‘Will you ring again?’ ‘I’ve rung them three times.’ ‘It’s very important.’ ‘Sorry I’m afraid no one’s there.’ I went back to the drawing room and thought for an in- stant that they were chance visitors, all these official people who suddenly filled it But as they drew back the sheet and looked at Gatsby with unmoved eyes, his protest continued in my brain ‘Look here, old sport, you’ve got to get somebody for me You’ve got to try hard I can’t go through this alone.’ Some one started to ask me questions but I broke away and going upstairs looked hastily through the unlocked parts of his desk—he’d never told me definitely that his par- ents were dead But there was nothing—only the picture of Dan Cody, a token of forgotten violence staring down from the wall Next morning I sent the butler to New York with a letter to Wolfshiem which asked for information and urged him to come out on the next train That request seemed super- fluous when I wrote it I was sure he’d start when he saw the newspapers, just as I was sure there’d be a wire from Daisy before noon—but neither a wire nor Mr Wolfshiem arrived, no one arrived except more police and photographers and newspaper men When the butler brought back Wolfshiem’s answer I began to have a feeling of defiance, of scornful
soli-darity between Gatsby and me against them all.
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McGraw-Hill Education.
CODING RELIABILITY AND VALIDITY
Intercoder or interrater reliability
Unitizing reliability
Do we identify the same thing to code?
Coding reliability
Do we code it in the same way?
Trang 12Information, but by the time I had the number it was long after five and no one answered the phone ‘Will you ring again?’ ‘I’ve rung them three times.’ ‘It’s very important.’ ‘Sorry I’m afraid no one’s there.’ I went back to the drawing room and thought for an in- stant that they were chance visitors, all these official people who suddenly filled it But as they drew back the sheet and looked at Gatsby with unmoved eyes, his protest continued in my brain ‘Look here, old sport, you’ve got to get somebody for me You’ve got to try hard I can’t go through this alone.’ Some one started to ask me questions but I broke away and going upstairs looked hastily through the unlocked parts of his desk—he’d never told me definitely that his par- ents were dead But there was nothing—only the picture of Dan Cody, a token of forgotten violence staring down from the wall Next morning I sent the butler to New York with a letter to Wolfshiem which asked for information and urged him to come out on the next train That request seemed super- fluous when I wrote it I was sure he’d start when he saw the newspapers, just as I was sure there’d be a wire from Daisy before noon—but neither a wire nor Mr Wolfshiem arrived, no one arrived except more police and photographers and newspaper men When the butler brought back Wolfshiem’s answer I began to have a feeling of defiance, of scornful
soli-darity between Gatsby and me against them all.
Copyright © 2015 McGraw-Hill Education All rights reserved No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of
McGraw-Hill Education.
INTERPRETING CODING RESULTS
Trang 13Information, but by the time I had the number it was long after five and no one answered the phone ‘Will you ring again?’ ‘I’ve rung them three times.’ ‘It’s very important.’ ‘Sorry I’m afraid no one’s there.’ I went back to the drawing room and thought for an in- stant that they were chance visitors, all these official people who suddenly filled it But as they drew back the sheet and looked at Gatsby with unmoved eyes, his protest continued in my brain ‘Look here, old sport, you’ve got to get somebody for me You’ve got to try hard I can’t go through this alone.’ Some one started to ask me questions but I broke away and going upstairs looked hastily through the unlocked parts of his desk—he’d never told me definitely that his par- ents were dead But there was nothing—only the picture of Dan Cody, a token of forgotten violence staring down from the wall Next morning I sent the butler to New York with a letter to Wolfshiem which asked for information and urged him to come out on the next train That request seemed super- fluous when I wrote it I was sure he’d start when he saw the newspapers, just as I was sure there’d be a wire from Daisy before noon—but neither a wire nor Mr Wolfshiem arrived, no one arrived except more police and photographers and newspaper men When the butler brought back Wolfshiem’s answer I began to have a feeling of defiance, of scornful
soli-darity between Gatsby and me against them all.
STRENGTHS AND LIMITATIONS OF CONTENT ANALYSISSTRENGTHSLIMITATIONSData close to the communicatorUnobtrusiveApplicable to a variety of text or message structuresIf message cannot be
captured, it cannot be coded
Coding scheme may not
reveal nuances of messages
Trang 14Information, but by the time I had the number it was long after five and no one answered the phone ‘Will you ring again?’ ‘I’ve rung them three times.’ ‘It’s very important.’ ‘Sorry I’m afraid no one’s there.’ I went back to the drawing room and thought for an in- stant that they were chance visitors, all these official people who suddenly filled it But as they drew back the sheet and looked at Gatsby with unmoved eyes, his protest continued in my brain ‘Look here, old sport, you’ve got to get somebody for me You’ve got to try hard I can’t go through this alone.’ Some one started to ask me questions but I broke away and going upstairs looked hastily through the unlocked parts of his desk—he’d never told me definitely that his par- ents were dead But there was nothing—only the picture of Dan Cody, a token of forgotten violence staring down from the wall Next morning I sent the butler to New York with a letter to Wolfshiem which asked for information and urged him to come out on the next train That request seemed super- fluous when I wrote it I was sure he’d start when he saw the newspapers, just as I was sure there’d be a wire from Daisy before noon—but neither a wire nor Mr Wolfshiem arrived, no one arrived except more police and photographers and newspaper men When the butler brought back Wolfshiem’s answer I began to have a feeling of defiance, of scornful
soli-darity between Gatsby and me against them all.
Copyright © 2015 McGraw-Hill Education All rights reserved No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of
McGraw-Hill Education.
INTERACTION ANALYSIS
Researcher codes content of ongoing communication between two or more individuals
Identifies verbal or nonverbal features or functions from the stream of conversation
Allows complex analyses
Intent and function of messages
Effect of messages
Trang 15Information, but by the time I had the number it was long after five and no one answered the phone ‘Will you ring again?’ ‘I’ve rung them three times.’ ‘It’s very important.’ ‘Sorry I’m afraid no one’s there.’ I went back to the drawing room and thought for an in- stant that they were chance visitors, all these official people who suddenly filled it But as they drew back the sheet and looked at Gatsby with unmoved eyes, his protest continued in my brain ‘Look here, old sport, you’ve got to get somebody for me You’ve got to try hard I can’t go through this alone.’ Some one started to ask me questions but I broke away and going upstairs looked hastily through the unlocked parts of his desk—he’d never told me definitely that his par- ents were dead But there was nothing—only the picture of Dan Cody, a token of forgotten violence staring down from the wall Next morning I sent the butler to New York with a letter to Wolfshiem which asked for information and urged him to come out on the next train That request seemed super- fluous when I wrote it I was sure he’d start when he saw the newspapers, just as I was sure there’d be a wire from Daisy before noon—but neither a wire nor Mr Wolfshiem arrived, no one arrived except more police and photographers and newspaper men When the butler brought back Wolfshiem’s answer I began to have a feeling of defiance, of scornful
soli-darity between Gatsby and me against them all.
Copyright © 2015 McGraw-Hill Education All rights reserved No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of
McGraw-Hill Education.
PREPARING AND CODING INTERACTION
Interaction is recorded and then transcribed
Coders trained
Interaction must be unitized
Unitizing reliability calculated
Interaction coded according to coding scheme
Coding reliability calculated
Trang 16Information, but by the time I had the number it was long after five and no one answered the phone ‘Will you ring again?’ ‘I’ve rung them three times.’ ‘It’s very important.’ ‘Sorry I’m afraid no one’s there.’ I went back to the drawing room and thought for an in- stant that they were chance visitors, all these official people who suddenly filled it But as they drew back the sheet and looked at Gatsby with unmoved eyes, his protest continued in my brain ‘Look here, old sport, you’ve got to get somebody for me You’ve got to try hard I can’t go through this alone.’ Some one started to ask me questions but I broke away and going upstairs looked hastily through the unlocked parts of his desk—he’d never told me definitely that his par- ents were dead But there was nothing—only the picture of Dan Cody, a token of forgotten violence staring down from the wall Next morning I sent the butler to New York with a letter to Wolfshiem which asked for information and urged him to come out on the next train That request seemed super- fluous when I wrote it I was sure he’d start when he saw the newspapers, just as I was sure there’d be a wire from Daisy before noon—but neither a wire nor Mr Wolfshiem arrived, no one arrived except more police and photographers and newspaper men When the butler brought back Wolfshiem’s answer I began to have a feeling of defiance, of scornful
soli-darity between Gatsby and me against them all.
Copyright © 2015 McGraw-Hill Education All rights reserved No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of
McGraw-Hill Education.
ANALYZING AND INTERPRETING CODED DATA
Return to the research question or hypothesis
Compare to theoretical position
Frequency analysis is common
Trang 17Information, but by the time I had the number it was long after five and no one answered the phone ‘Will you ring again?’ ‘I’ve rung them three times.’ ‘It’s very important.’ ‘Sorry I’m afraid no one’s there.’ I went back to the drawing room and thought for an in- stant that they were chance visitors, all these official people who suddenly filled it But as they drew back the sheet and looked at Gatsby with unmoved eyes, his protest continued in my brain ‘Look here, old sport, you’ve got to get somebody for me You’ve got to try hard I can’t go through this alone.’ Some one started to ask me questions but I broke away and going upstairs looked hastily through the unlocked parts of his desk—he’d never told me definitely that his par- ents were dead But there was nothing—only the picture of Dan Cody, a token of forgotten violence staring down from the wall Next morning I sent the butler to New York with a letter to Wolfshiem which asked for information and urged him to come out on the next train That request seemed super- fluous when I wrote it I was sure he’d start when he saw the newspapers, just as I was sure there’d be a wire from Daisy before noon—but neither a wire nor Mr Wolfshiem arrived, no one arrived except more police and photographers and newspaper men When the butler brought back Wolfshiem’s answer I began to have a feeling of defiance, of scornful
soli-darity between Gatsby and me against them all.
Copyright © 2015 McGraw-Hill Education All rights reserved No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of
McGraw-Hill Education.
Trang 18Information, but by the time I had the number it was long after five and no one answered the phone ‘Will you ring again?’ ‘I’ve rung them three times.’ ‘It’s very important.’ ‘Sorry I’m afraid no one’s there.’ I went back to the drawing room and thought for an in- stant that they were chance visitors, all these official people who suddenly filled it But as they drew back the sheet and looked at Gatsby with unmoved eyes, his protest continued in my brain ‘Look here, old sport, you’ve got to get somebody for me You’ve got to try hard I can’t go through this alone.’ Some one started to ask me questions but I broke away and going upstairs looked hastily through the unlocked parts of his desk—he’d never told me definitely that his par- ents were dead But there was nothing—only the picture of Dan Cody, a token of forgotten violence staring down from the wall Next morning I sent the butler to New York with a letter to Wolfshiem which asked for information and urged him to come out on the next train That request seemed super- fluous when I wrote it I was sure he’d start when he saw the newspapers, just as I was sure there’d be a wire from Daisy before noon—but neither a wire nor Mr Wolfshiem arrived, no one arrived except more police and photographers and newspaper men When the butler brought back Wolfshiem’s answer I began to have a feeling of defiance, of scornful
soli-darity between Gatsby and me against them all.
STRENGTHS AND LIMITATIONS OF INTERACTION ANALYSIS
STRENGTHSLIMITATIONS
Elements before and after a coded element are
considered
Places emphasis on relative position
Several coding schemes
have been developed and validated over time
Limited by validity and
representativeness of coding scheme
Ongoing streams of
conversation are not neat
and tidy – can be difficult to code