Lecture Communication research: Asking questions, finding answers (4e) Chapter 3: Research ethics

Lecture Communication research: Asking questions, finding answers (4e) Chapter 3: Research ethics. After reading this chapter, you should be able to: Address potential ethical issues during the design phase of the research project, explain how your research project minimizes risk and enhances benefi ts to participants, find alternative research procedures to avoid physical or psychological harm to participants,... Đề tài Hoàn thiện công tác quản trị nhân sự tại Công ty TNHH Mộc Khải Tuyên được nghiên cứu nhằm giúp công ty TNHH Mộc Khải Tuyên làm rõ được thực trạng công tác quản trị nhân sự trong công ty như thế nào từ đó đề ra các giải pháp giúp công ty hoàn thiện công tác quản trị nhân sự tốt hơn trong thời gian tới.

Chapter RESEARCH ETHICS Copyright © 2015 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education  All researchers, even students, have a responsibility to conduct ethical research  Participants in research studies should know and understand their rights and responsibilities  Ethical considerations are part of the design of the research project Copyright © 2015 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education ETHICAL QUESTIONS IN PLANNING RESEARCH  Researcher has two broad ethical responsibilities Scientific responsibility for following established guidelines and conducting research that will yield knowledge worth knowing The researcher’s relationship to participants as it affects collection, interpretation, and reporting of data Copyright © 2015 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education SPECIFICALLY - How will the consent of participants be gained?  How will confidentiality/anonymity be handled?  Are the participants appropriate for the study?  Are there potential physical or psychological harms  How will the researcher’s role affect the study?  Is the research design valid, credible?  Is researcher capable of conducting the study? Copyright © 2015 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education THE BELMONT REPORT  Three ethical principles     Beneficence Respect for persons Justice Must design research to uphold these principles to the fullest degree possible Copyright © 2015 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education BENEFICENCE  The well-being of participants is protected  Participants protected from harm  Researcher must maximize possible benefits  Benefits to participants must outweigh risks Benefits Risks Copyright © 2015 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education RESPECT FOR PERSONS  Treat individuals as capable of making decisions  Refrain from making choices for participants  Participants  must feel free to volunteer; no coercion Protecting those not capable of making their own decisions Copyright © 2015 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education JUSTICE  Issues of fairness  All participants treated equally  Selection of participants  Am I systematically selecting one group of participants because they are  Easily  In available? a position making it difficult to say no?  In a position in which they can be manipulated into participating? Copyright © 2015 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education INSTITUTIONAL REVIEW BOARD  University Institutional Review Board  Also called IRB or Human Subjects Review  Considers soundness and reasonableness of research proposals  Determines if rights and welfare of research participants are adequately protected in research design Submit proposal before any data are collected Copyright © 2015 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education IRB PROPOSALS • Research questions or hypotheses • Research methods • How benefits are maximized, risks minimized • Brief review of literature • Description of how participants are recruited/selected • Anonymity & confidentiality Informed consent • Investigator’s background • Copyright © 2015 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education INFORMED CONSENT  Information must be given to participants any time data are collected from them  Creates obligations and responsibilities for the researcher  Participant consent must be given voluntarily  Written in a manner participants can understand – clear and accurate Copyright © 2015 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education ELEMENTS OF INFORMED CONSENT Identification of researcher and organization • Any physical or psychological harms  Purpose of study • If deception is used  Features of research process • To whom follow-up questions can be directed  Expected duration • Participation is voluntary  Possible risks and benefits •  How confidentiality and anonymity assured Can discontinue or refuse to participate without penalty • Indication that participant should have copy of form  Copyright © 2015 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education FOR QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH  Traditionally applied to all quantitative projects  Describes the exact procedures  Indicates if participants will be exposed to any materials that may be threatening or distasteful  May require participant to sign and return a copy of the form Copyright © 2015 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education FOR QUALITATIVE RESEARCH  IRB will decide if informed consent is needed based on  Is interaction occurring naturally in a public setting?  Will researcher’s interaction with participants in that setting create negative consequences for any of the participants?  Always check with your IRB to see if consent is required Copyright © 2015 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education ETHICAL ISSUES IN CONDUCTING RESEARCH  Intentional deception  Use of confederates  Physical and psychological harm  Upholding anonymity and confidentiality  Videotaping and audiotaping participants  Debriefing participants Copyright © 2015 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education ETHICAL ISSUES IN REPORTING RESEARCH  Ensuring accuracy  Researcher is always responsible for accuracy regardless of who helps  Avoiding plagiarism by  Using direct quotes with proper citations  Using summaries or paraphrases  Acknowledge  ideas or contributions Protecting identities of participants Copyright © 2015 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education