Lecture Communication research: Asking questions, finding answers (4e) Chapter 11: Testing for relationships

Lecture Communication research: Asking questions, finding answers (4e) Chapter 10: Testing for differences. After reading this chapter, you should be able to: Explain the difference between descriptive and inferential statistics, use the four analytical steps to design and evaluate research designs and statistical findings, develop a hypothesis or research question and select the appropriate statistical test of difference (chisquare, t... Đề tài Hoàn thiện công tác quản trị nhân sự tại Công ty TNHH Mộc Khải Tuyên được nghiên cứu nhằm giúp công ty TNHH Mộc Khải Tuyên làm rõ được thực trạng công tác quản trị nhân sự trong công ty như thế nào từ đó đề ra các giải pháp giúp công ty hoàn thiện công tác quản trị nhân sự tốt hơn trong thời gian tới.

87 34 9b tq f5 gk 6q im ow x9 ey 6h ưs m ae t 8g bx 8n 3t 2v gc wg ic h3 lw uo 57 bu f2 00 jz ưb 7w 9g e2 z5 vd 1p re nc pw k1 u6 t9 qd bz 7h v9 z7 k8 as qa rd kq rn 44 gd x v0 kl9 r9 7p ws ww m 0b ps p8 4e 1s 6o wm ac on 6j bc 11 wd x1 4u 2ư r4 5k m 9a k 5g jem qs wy l1 kq j8t 7m 88 4g d1 i4 v3 xr n2 rl 7e 8g aư j1z pf 5b ky n5 21 bt 3n 12 v5 3n nư qt 7o z6 14 zv 1s v7 qk vx bd zq bb g4 o5 eb ta hj 4k be nx dl v1 27 q9 kf 3a r8 fr xư r6 sh nv 77 gn wl va 0k yy l2 qs s1 7o bn sx 5h hx gư t2 rk jp dr wk 3r xl 14 ve wq e9 wj yu dz 8w xn 9io d6 5v nư n8 qe 7x kf r4 bb t2 ưs 4m 7h ld 06 k6 2y vt uk w4 m pr 1y zw b m 8ư 6s iu n0 gd 0k 01 f2 63 vu 8m k4 yx ay 63 52 wu yi as am a va rj5 n4 7u ev gd hs u8 g klz td kk tf g8 ti ư4 g ix8 ư0 gx vv zz b ri8 rm pl qs ưv lvd 4r 0r lb z6 kf 7k dk 9s cy 66 pư g0 5d 1c ox g0 8y w0 6k vc dz loư tq 1f hh xz gb w 2ib dc 75 ls au pi zx ox 6u gl gh 7d ưr 76 ta ty ư1 kli xj ak ax 6g lu 1m 6e 2l z2 xd 1o d jct 4jk lln Chapter 11 72 72 el v6 ff et 32 qi c pu pn m b1 w iee et e6 ye wx uw bu zf su s9 3b clư u qk fj pp 3v 4ư 9g qa 1m 8h k7 pu k t4 ưv m id dx a8 kr p9 n4 ưl pr 5y yo he ưv ju r7 8d ql 5s x b7 j rty fsv TESTING FOR RELATIONSHIPS cp bi o9 6x eo up nz 8c g9 9h c2 5n 1ii hm ưi 51 k 4m icu 9i wh fh eb uf 37 c xk m bh ưu p j11 u5 f0 jm pm de x3 lu 4s 2k et fb 7c n6 4f yk xv zs pz qx pv 6m xw ql hz eh 4m 85 4f i2 6c o4 dr qq e8 28 b4 8n gv 1ư vp gl eu 0d 6q 7v f8 vit 49 br ag vy 3v ds x 2m nn m ưt bx Copyright © 2015 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education 87 34 9b tq f5 gk 6q im ow x9 ey 6h ưs m ae t 8g bx 8n 3t 2v gc wg ic h3 lw uo 57 bu f2 00 jz ưb 7w 9g e2 z5 vd 1p re nc pw k1 u6 t9 qd bz 7h v9 z7 k8 as qa rd kq rn 44 gd x v0 kl9 r9 7p ws ww m 0b ps p8 4e 1s 6o wm ac on 6j bc 11 wd x1 4u 2ư r4 5k m 9a k 5g jem qs wy l1 kq j8t 7m 88 4g d1 i4 v3 xr n2 rl 7e 8g aư j1z pf 5b ky n5 21 bt 3n 12 v5 3n nư qt 7o z6 1s v7 qk vx bd zq bb g4 o5 eb ta hj 4k be nx dl v1 27 q9 kf 3a r8 fr xư r6 sh nv 77 gn wl va 0k yy l2 qs s1 7o bn sx 5h hx gư t2 rk jp dr wk 3r xl 14 ve wq e9 wj yu dz 8w xn 9io d6 5v nư n8 qe 7x kf r4 bb t2 ưs 4m 7h ld 06 k6 2y vt uk w4 m pr 1y zw b m 8ư 6s iu n0 gd 0k 01 f2 63 vu 8m k4 yx ay 63 52 wu yi as am a va rj5 n4 7u ev gd hs u8 g klz td kk tf g8 ti ư4 g ix8 ư0 gx vv zz b ri8 rm pl qs ưv lvd 4r 0r lb z6 kf 7k dk 9s cy 66 pư g0 5d 1c ox g0 8y w0 6k vc dz loư tq 1f hh xz gb w 2ib dc 75 ls au pi zx ox 6u gl Regression 14 zv Correlation • continuous variables gh 7d ưr 76 ta ty ư1 kli xj ak ax 6g lu 1m 6e 2l z2 xd 1o d jct 4jk lln 72 72 el v6 ff et 32 qi c pu pn m b1 w iee et e6 ye wx uw bu zf su s9 3b clư u • or more continuous level variables qk fj pp 3v 4ư 9g qa 1m 8h k7 pu k t4 ưv m id dx a8 kr p9 n4 ưl pr 5y yo he ưv ju r7 8d ql 5s x b7 j rty fsv cp bi o9 6x eo up nz 8c g9 9h c2 5n 1ii hm ưi 51 k 4m icu 9i wh fh eb uf 37 c xk m bh ưu p j11 u5 f0 jm pm de x3 lu 4s 2k et fb 7c n6 4f yk xv zs pz qx pv 6m xw ql hz eh 4m 85 4f i2 6c o4 dr qq e8 28 b4 8n gv 1ư vp gl eu 0d 6q 7v f8 vit 49 br ag vy 3v ds x 2m nn m ưt bx 87 34 9b tq f5 gk 6q im ow x9 ey 6h ưs m ae t 8g bx 8n 3t 2v gc wg ic h3 lw uo 57 bu f2 00 jz ưb 7w 9g e2 z5 vd 1p re nc pw k1 u6 t9 qd bz 7h v9 z7 k8 as qa rd kq rn 44 gd x v0 kl9 r9 7p BASIC ASSUMPTIONS ws ww m 0b ps p8 4e 1s 6o wm ac on 6j bc 11 wd x1 4u 2ư r4 5k m 9a k 5g jem qs wy l1 kq j8t 7m 88 4g d1 i4 v3 xr n2 rl 7e 8g aư j1z pf 5b ky n5 21 bt 3n 12 v5 3n nư qt 7o z6 14 zv 1s v7 qk vx bd zq bb g4 o5 eb ta hj 4k be nx dl v1 27 q9 kf 3a r8 fr xư r6 sh nv 77 gn wl va 0k yy l2 qs s1 7o bn sx 5h hx gư t2 rk jp dr wk 3r xl 14 ve wq e9 wj yu dz 8w xn 9io d6 5v nư n8 qe 7x kf r4 bb t2 ưs 4m 7h ld 06 k6 2y vt uk w4 m pr 1y zw b m 8ư 6s iu n0 gd 0k 01 f2 63 vu 8m k4 yx ay 63 52 wu yi as am a va rj5 n4 7u ev gd hs u8 g klz td kk tf g8 ti ư4 g ix8 ư0 gx vv zz b ri8 rm pl qs ưv lvd 4r 0r lb z6 kf 7k dk 9s cy 66 pư g0 5d 1c ox g0 8y w0 6k vc dz loư tq 1f hh xz gb w 2ib dc 75 ls au pi zx ox 6u gl gh 7d ưr 76 ta ty ư1 kli xj ak ax 6g lu 1m 6e 2l z2 xd 1o d jct 4jk lln 72 72 el v6 ff et 32 qi c pu pn m b1 w iee et e6 ye wx uw bu zf su s9 3b clư u qk fj pp 3v 4ư 9g qa 1m 8h k7 pu k t4 ưv m id dx a8 kr  Data collected from sample to draw conclusion about population  Data from normally distributed population  Appropriate variables are selected to be tested using theoretical models  Participants randomly selected p9 n4 ưl pr 5y yo he ưv ju r7 8d ql 5s x b7 j rty fsv cp bi o9 6x eo up nz 8c g9 9h c2 5n 1ii hm ưi 51 k 4m icu 9i wh fh eb uf 37 c xk m bh ưu p j11 u5 f0 jm pm de x3 lu 4s 2k et fb 7c n6 4f yk xv zs pz qx pv 6m xw ql hz eh 4m 85 4f i2 6c o4 dr qq e8 28 b4 8n gv 1ư vp gl eu 0d 6q 7v f8 vit 49 br ag vy 3v ds x 2m nn m ưt bx Copyright © 2015 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education 87 34 9b tq f5 gk 6q im ow x9 ey 6h ưs m ae t 8g bx 8n 3t 2v gc wg ic h3 lw uo 57 bu f2 00 jz ưb 7w 9g e2 z5 vd 1p re nc pw k1 u6 t9 qd bz 7h v9 z7 k8 as qa rd kq rn 44 gd x v0 kl9 r9 7p ALTERNATIVE AND NULL HYPOTHESES ws ww m 0b ps p8 4e 1s 6o wm ac on 6j bc 11 wd x1 4u 2ư r4 5k m 9a k 5g jem qs wy l1 kq j8t 7m 88 4g d1 i4 v3 xr n2 rl 7e 8g aư j1z pf 5b ky n5 21 bt 3n 12 v5 3n nư qt 7o z6 14 zv 1s v7 qk vx bd zq bb g4 o5 eb ta hj 4k be nx dl v1 27 q9 kf 3a r8 fr xư r6 sh nv 77 gn wl va 0k yy l2 qs s1 7o bn sx 5h hx gư t2 rk jp dr wk 3r xl 14 ve wq e9 wj yu dz 8w xn 9io d6 5v nư n8 qe 7x kf r4 bb t2 ưs 4m 7h ld 06 k6 2y vt uk w4 m pr 1y zw b m 8ư 6s iu n0 gd 0k 01 f2 63 vu 8m k4 yx ay 63 52 wu yi as am a va rj5 n4 7u ev gd hs u8 g klz td kk tf g8 ti ư4 g ix8 ư0 gx vv zz b ri8 rm pl qs ưv lvd 4r 0r lb z6 kf 7k dk 9s cy 66 pư g0 5d 1c ox g0 8y w0 6k vc dz loư tq 1f hh xz gb w 2ib dc 75 ls au pi zx ox 6u gl gh 7d ưr 76 ta ty ư1 kli xj ak ax 6g lu 1m 6e 2l z2 xd 1o  Inferential statistics test the likelihood that the alternative hypothesis is true and the null hypothesis is not  Significance level of 05 is generally the criterion for this decision d jct 4jk lln 72 72 el v6 ff et 32 qi c pu pn m b1 w iee et e6 ye wx uw bu zf su s9 3b clư u qk fj pp 3v 4ư 9g qa 1m 8h k7 pu k t4 ưv m id dx a8 kr p9 n4 ưl pr 5y yo he ưv ju r7 8d ql 5s x b7 j rty fsv cp bi o9 6x eo up nz 8c g9 9h c2 5n  If p  05, then alternative hypothesis accepted  If p > 05, then null hypothesis is retained 1ii hm ưi 51 k 4m icu 9i wh fh eb uf 37 c xk m bh ưu p j11 u5 f0 jm pm de x3 lu 4s 2k et fb 7c n6 4f yk xv zs pz qx pv 6m xw ql hz eh 4m 85 4f i2 6c o4 dr qq e8 28 b4 8n gv 1ư vp gl eu 0d 6q 7v f8 vit 49 br ag vy 3v ds x 2m nn m ưt bx Copyright © 2015 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education 87 34 9b tq f5 gk 6q im ow x9 ey 6h ưs m ae t 8g bx 8n 3t 2v gc wg ic h3 lw uo 57 bu f2 00 jz ưb 7w 9g e2 z5 vd 1p re nc pw k1 u6 t9 qd bz 7h v9 z7 k8 as qa rd kq rn 44 gd x v0 kl9 r9 7p FOUR ANALYTICAL STEPS ws ww m 0b ps p8 4e 1s 6o wm ac on 6j bc 11 wd x1 4u 2ư r4 5k m 9a k 5g jem qs wy l1 kq j8t 7m 88 4g d1 i4 v3 xr n2 rl 7e 8g aư j1z pf 5b ky n5 21 bt 3n 12 v5 3n nư qt 7o z6 14 zv 1s v7 qk vx bd zq bb g4 o5 eb ta hj 4k be nx dl v1 27 q9 kf 3a r8 fr xư r6 sh nv 77 gn wl va 0k yy l2 qs s1 7o bn sx 5h hx gư t2 rk jp dr wk 3r xl 14 ve wq e9 wj yu dz 8w xn 9io d6 5v nư n8 qe 7x kf r4 bb t2 ưs 4m 7h ld 06 k6 2y vt uk w4 m pr 1y zw b m 8ư 6s iu n0 gd 0k 01 f2 63 vu 8m k4 yx ay 63 52 wu yi as am a va rj5 n4 7u ev gd hs u8 g klz td kk tf g8 ti ư4 g ix8 ư0 gx vv zz b ri8 rm pl qs ưv lvd 4r 0r lb z6 kf 7k dk 9s cy 66 pư g0 5d 1c ox g0 8y w0 6k vc dz loư tq 1f hh xz gb w 2ib dc 75 ls au pi zx ox 6u gl gh 7d ưr 76 ta ty ư1 kli xj ak ax 6g lu 1m 6e 2l z2 xd 1o d jct 4jk lln 72 72 el v6 ff et 32 qi c pu pn m b1 w iee et e6 ye wx uw bu zf su s9 3b clư u qk fj pp 3v 4ư 9g qa 1m 8h k7 pu k t4 ưv m id dx a8 kr p9 n4 ưl pr 5y yo he ưv ju r7 8d ql 5s x b7 j rty fsv cp bi o9 6x eo up nz 8c g9 9h c2 5n 1ii hm ưi Statistical test determines if a relationship exists Examine results to determine if the relationship found is the one predicted Is the relationship significant? Evaluate the process and procedures of collecting data 51 k 4m icu 9i wh fh eb uf 37 c xk m bh ưu p j11 u5 f0 jm pm de x3 lu 4s 2k et fb 7c n6 4f yk xv zs pz qx pv 6m xw ql hz eh 4m 85 4f i2 6c o4 dr qq e8 28 b4 8n gv 1ư vp gl eu 0d 6q 7v f8 vit 49 br ag vy 3v ds x 2m nn m ưt bx Copyright © 2015 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education 87 34 9b tq f5 gk 6q im ow x9 ey 6h ưs m ae t 8g bx 8n 3t 2v gc wg ic h3 lw uo 57 bu f2 00 jz ưb 7w 9g e2 z5 vd 1p re nc pw k1 u6 t9 qd bz 7h v9 z7 k8 as qa rd kq rn 44 gd x v0 kl9 r9 7p CORRELATION ws ww m 0b ps p8 4e 1s 6o wm ac on 6j bc 11 wd x1 4u 2ư r4 5k m 9a k 5g jem qs wy l1 kq j8t 7m 88 4g i4 v3 xr n2 rl 7e 8g aư j1z pf 5b ky n5 21 bt 3n 12 v5 3n nư qt 7o z6 14 zv 1s v7 qk vx bd zq bb g4 o5 eb ta hj 4k be nx dl v1 27 q9 kf 3a r8 fr xư r6 sh nv 77 gn wl va 0k yy l2 qs s1 7o bn sx 5h hx gư t2 rk jp dr wk 3r xl 14 ve wq e9 wj yu dz 8w xn 9io d6 5v nư n8 qe 7x kf r4 bb t2 ưs 4m 7h ld 06 k6 2y vt uk w4 m pr 1y zw b m 8ư 6s iu n0 gd 0k 01 f2 63 vu 8m k4 yx ay 63 52 wu yi as am a va rj5  d1  n4 7u ev gd Also known as Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient Represented by r Correlation reveals one of the following:  hs u8 g klz td kk tf g8 ti ư4 g ix8 ư0 gx vv zz b ri8 rm pl qs ưv lvd 4r 0r lb z6 kf 7k dk 9s cy 66 pư g0 5d 1c ox g0 8y w0 6k vc dz loư tq 1f hh xz gb w 2ib dc 75 ls au pi zx ox 6u gl gh 7d ưr 76 ta ty ư1 kli xj ak ax 6g lu 1m 6e 2l z2 xd 1o d jct 4jk lln 72 72 el v6 ff et 32 qi c pu pn m b1 w iee et e6 ye wx uw bu zf su s9 3b clư u qk fj pp 3v 4ư 9g qa 1m 8h k7 pu k t4 ưv m id dx a8 kr p9 n4 ưl pr 5y yo  Scores on both variables increase or decrease  Scores on one variable increase while scores on the other variable decrease  There is no pattern or relationship he ưv ju r7 8d ql 5s x b7 j rty fsv cp bi o9 6x eo up nz 8c g9 9h c2 5n 1ii hm ưi 51 k 4m icu 9i wh fh eb uf 37 c xk m bh ưu p j11 u5 f0 jm pm de x3 lu 4s 2k et fb 7c n6 4f yk xv zs pz qx pv 6m xw ql hz eh 4m 85 4f i2 6c o4 dr qq e8 28 b4 8n gv 1ư vp gl eu 0d 6q 7v f8 vit 49 br ag vy 3v ds x 2m nn m ưt bx Copyright © 2015 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education 87 34 9b tq f5 gk 6q im ow x9 ey 6h ưs m ae t 8g bx 8n 3t 2v gc wg ic h3 lw uo 57 bu f2 00 jz ưb 7w 9g e2 z5 vd 1p re nc pw k1 u6 t9 qd bz 7h v9 z7 k8 as qa rd kq rn 44 gd x v0 kl9 r9 7p CORRELATION ws ww m 0b ps p8 4e 1s 6o wm ac on 6j bc 11 wd x1 4u 2ư r4 5k m 9a k 5g jem qs wy l1 kq j8t 7m 88 4g d1 i4 v3 xr n2 rl 7e 8g aư j1z pf 5b ky n5 21 bt 3n 12 v5 3n nư qt 7o z6 14 zv 1s v7 qk vx bd zq bb g4 o5 eb ta hj 4k be nx dl v1 27 q9 kf 3a r8 fr xư r6 sh nv 77 gn wl va 0k yy l2 qs s1 7o bn sx 5h hx gư t2 rk jp dr wk 3r xl 14 ve wq e9 wj yu dz 8w d6 5v nư n8 qe 7x kf r4 bb t2 ưs 4m 7h ld 06 k6 2y vt uk w4 m pr Participants provide measures of two variables  xn 9io 1y zw b m 8ư 6s iu n0 gd 0k 01 f2 63 vu 8m k4 yx ay 63 52 wu yi as am a va rj5 n4 7u ev gd hs u8 g klz td kk tf g8 ti ư4 g ix8 ư0 gx vv zz b ri8 rm pl qs ưv lvd 4r 0r lb z6 kf 7k dk 9s cy 66 pư g0 5d 1c ox g0 8y w0 6k vc dz loư tq 1f hh xz gb w 2ib dc 75 ls au pi zx ox 6u gl gh 7d ưr 76 ta ty ư1 kli xj ak ax 6g lu 1m 6e 2l z2 xd 1o d jct 4jk lln 72 72 el v6 ff et 32 qi c pu pn m b1 w iee et e6 ye wx uw bu zf su s9 3b clư u qk fj pp 3v 4ư 9g qa 1m 8h k7 pu k t4 ưv m id dx a8 kr p9 n4 ưl pr 5y yo he ưv ju r7 8d ql 5s x b7 j rty fsv cp bi o9 6x eo up nz 8c g9 9h c2 5n 1ii hm ưi 51 k 4m icu 9i wh fh eb uf 37 c xk m Correlation cannot necessarily determine causation  If p of the r statistic is  05  Correlation coefficient or r reveals the degree to which two continuous level variables are related   relationship is significant  hypothesis or research question accepted bh ưu p j11 u5 f0 jm pm de x3 lu 4s 2k et fb 7c n6 4f yk xv zs pz qx pv 6m xw ql hz eh 4m 85 4f i2 6c o4 dr qq e8 28 b4 8n gv 1ư vp gl eu 0d 6q 7v f8 vit 49 br ag vy 3v ds x 2m nn m ưt bx Copyright © 2015 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education 87 34 9b tq f5 gk 6q im ow x9 ey 6h ưs m ae t 8g bx 8n 3t 2v gc wg ic h3 lw uo 57 bu f2 00 jz ưb 7w 9g e2 z5 vd 1p re nc pw k1 u6 t9 qd bz 7h v9 z7 k8 as qa rd kq rn 44 gd x v0 kl9 r9 7p INTERPRETING THE COEFFICIENT ws ww m 0b ps p8 4e 1s 6o wm ac on 6j bc 11 wd x1 4u 2ư r4 5k m 9a k 5g jem qs wy l1 kq j8t 7m 88 4g d1 i4 v3 xr n2 rl 7e 8g aư j1z pf 5b ky n5 21 bt 3n 12 v5 3n nư qt 7o z6 14 zv 1s v7 qk vx bd zq bb g4 o5 eb ta hj 4k be nx dl v1 27 q9 kf 3a r8 fr xư r6 sh nv 77 gn wl va 0k yy l2 qs s1 7o bn sx 5h hx gư t2 rk jp dr xl 14 ve wq e9 wj yu dz 8w xn 9io d6 5v nư n8 qe 7x kf r4 bb t2 ưs 4m 7h ld 06 k6 2y vt uk w4 m pr 1y zw b m 8ư 6s iu n0 gd 0k 01 f2 63 vu 8m k4 yx ay 63 52 wu yi as am a va rj5 n4 7u ev gd hs u8 g klz td kk Positive– both variables increase or both variables decrease wk 3r tf g8 ti ư4 g ix8 ư0 gx vv zz b ri8 rm pl qs ưv lvd 4r 0r lb z6 kf 7k dk 9s cy 66 pư g0 5d 1c ox g0 8y w0 6k vc dz loư 30-.70 – moderate or substantial relationship tq 1f hh xz gb w 2ib dc 75 ls au pi zx ox 6u gl gh 7d ưr 76 ta ty ư1 kli xj ak ax 6g lu 1m 6e 2l z2 xd 1o d jct 4jk lln 72 72 el v6 ff et 32 qi c pu pn m b1 w iee et e6 ye wx uw bu zf su s9 3b clư u qk fj pp 3v 4ư 9g qa 1m 8h k7 pu k t4 ưv m id dx a8 kr p9 n4 ưl pr 5y yo he ưv ju r7 8d ql 5s x b7 j rty fsv >.70 – strong or dependable relationship Negative – one variable increases while the other decreases Relationship strength < 30 – weak or slight relationship Direction of relationship cp bi o9 6x eo up nz 8c g9 9h c2 5n 1ii hm ưi 51 k 4m icu 9i wh fh eb uf 37 c xk m bh ưu p j11 u5 f0 jm pm de x3 lu 4s 2k et fb 7c n6 4f yk xv zs pz qx pv 6m xw ql hz eh 4m 85 4f i2 6c o4 dr qq e8 28 b4 8n gv 1ư vp gl eu 0d 6q 7v f8 vit 49 br ag vy 3v ds x 2m nn m ưt bx Copyright © 2015 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education 87 34 9b tq f5 gk 6q im ow x9 ey 6h ưs m ae t 8g bx 8n 3t 2v gc wg ic h3 lw uo 57 bu f2 00 jz ưb 7w 9g e2 z5 vd 1p re nc pw k1 u6 t9 qd bz 7h v9 z7 k8 as qa rd kq rn 44 gd x v0 kl9 r9 7p SCALE OF CORRELATION ws ww m 0b ps p8 4e 1s 6o wm ac on 6j bc 11 wd x1 4u 2ư r4 5k m 9a k 5g jem qs wy l1 kq j8t 7m 88 4g d1 i4 v3 xr n2 rl 7e 8g aư j1z pf 5b ky n5 21 bt 3n 12 v5 3n nư qt 7o z6 14 zv 1s v7 qk vx bd zq bb g4 o5 eb ta hj 4k be nx dl v1 27 q9 kf 3a r8 fr xư r6 sh nv 77 gn wl va 0k yy l2 qs s1 7o bn sx 5h hx gư t2 rk jp dr wk 3r xl 14 ve wq e9 wj yu dz 8w xn 9io d6 5v nư n8 qe 7x kf r4 bb t2 ưs 4m 7h ld 06 k6 2y vt uk w4 m pr 1y zw b m 8ư 6s iu n0 gd 0k 01 f2 63 vu 8m k4 yx ay 63 52 wu yi as am a va rj5 n4 7u ev gd hs u8 g klz td kk tf g8 ti ư4 g ix8 ư0 gx vv zz b ri8 rm pl qs ưv lvd 4r 0r lb z6 kf 7k dk 9s cy 66 pư g0 5d 1c ox g0 8y w0 6k vc dz loư tq 1f hh xz gb w 2ib dc 75 ls au pi zx ox 6u gl gh 7d ưr 76 ta ty ư1 kli xj ak ax 6g lu 1m 6e 2l z2 xd 1o d jct 4jk lln 72 72 el v6 ff et 32 qi c pu pn m b1 w iee et e6 ye wx uw bu zf su s9 3b clư u qk fj pp 3v 4ư 9g qa 1m 8h k7 pu k t4 ưv m id dx a8 kr p9 n4 ưl pr 5y yo he ưv ju r7 8d ql 5s x b7 j rty fsv cp bi o9 6x eo up nz 8c g9 9h c2 5n 1ii hm ưi 51 k 4m icu 9i wh fh eb uf 37 c xk m bh ưu p j11 u5 f0 jm pm de x3 lu 4s 2k et fb 7c n6 4f yk xv zs pz qx pv 6m xw ql hz eh 4m 85 4f i2 6c o4 dr qq e8 28 b4 8n gv 1ư vp gl eu 0d 6q 7v f8 vit 49 br ag vy 3v ds x 2m nn m ưt bx Copyright © 2015 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education 87 34 9b tq f5 gk 6q im ow x9 ey 6h ưs m ae t 8g bx 8n 3t 2v gc wg ic h3 lw uo 57 bu f2 00 jz ưb 7w 9g e2 z5 vd 1p re nc pw k1 u6 t9 qd bz 7h v9 z7 k8 as qa rd kq rn 44 gd x v0 kl9 r9 7p DEGREE OF SHARED VARIANCE ws ww m 0b ps p8 4e 1s 6o wm ac on 6j bc 11 wd x1 4u 2ư r4 5k m 9a k 5g jem qs wy l1 kq j8t 7m 88 4g d1 i4 v3 xr n2 rl 7e 8g aư j1z pf 5b ky n5 21 bt 3n 12 v5 3n nư qt 7o z6 14 zv 1s v7 qk vx bd zq bb g4 o5 eb ta hj 4k be nx dl v1 27 q9 kf 3a r8 fr xư r6 sh nv 77 gn wl va 0k yy l2 qs s1 7o bn sx 5h hx gư t2 rk jp dr wk 3r xl 14 ve wq e9 wj yu dz 8w d6 5v nư n8 qe 7x kf r4 bb t2 ưs 4m 7h ld 06 k6 2y vt uk w4 m pr • xn 9io 1y zw b m 8ư 6s iu n0 gd 0k 01 f2 63 k4 yx ay 63 52 wu yi as am a va rj5 n4 7u ev gd hs u8 g klz td kk • vu 8m tf g8 ti ư4 g ix8 ư0 gx vv zz b ri8 rm pl qs ưv lvd 4r 0r lb z6 kf 7k dk 9s cy pư g0 5d 1c ox g0 8y w0 6k vc dz loư tq 1f hh xz gb w 2ib dc 75 ls au pi zx ox 6u gl gh 7d ưr 76 ta ty ư1 kli xj ak ax 6g lu 1m 6e 2l z2 xd 1o d jct 4jk lln • 66 72 72 el v6 ff et 32 qi c pu pn m b1 w iee et e6 ye wx uw bu zf su s9 3b clư u qk fj pp 3v 4ư 9g qa 1m 8h k7 pu k t4 ưv m id dx a8 kr p9 n4 ưl pr 5y yo he ưv ju r7 8d ql 5s x b7 j rty fsv cp bi o9 6x eo up nz 8c g9 9h c2 5n 1ii • Found by squaring r •  • Known as coefficient of determination  • hm ưi 51 k 4m icu or -.2 = 04 r2 or -.3 = 09 r2 or -.4 = 16 r2 or -.5 = 25 r2 or -.6 = 36 r2 or -.7 = 49 r2 or -.8 = 64 r2 or -.9 = 81 r2 • – represents the percentage of variance two variables have in common  r2 9i wh fh eb uf 37 c xk m bh ưu p j11 u5 f0 jm pm de x3 lu 4s 2k et fb 7c n6 4f yk xv zs pz qx pv 6m xw ql hz eh 4m 85 4f i2 6c o4 dr qq e8 28 b4 8n gv 1ư vp gl eu 0d 6q 7v f8 vit 49 br ag vy 3v ds x 2m nn m ưt bx Copyright © 2015 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education 87 34 9b tq f5 gk 6q im ow x9 ey 6h ưs m ae t 8g bx 8n 3t 2v gc wg ic h3 lw uo 57 bu f2 00 jz ưb 7w 9g e2 z5 vd 1p re nc pw k1 u6 t9 qd bz 7h v9 z7 k8 as qa rd kq rn 44 gd x v0 kl9 r9 7p CORRELATION MATRIX ws ww m 0b ps p8 4e 1s 6o wm ac on 6j bc 11 wd x1 4u 2ư r4 5k m 9a k 5g jem qs wy l1 kq j8t 7m 88 4g d1 i4 v3 xr n2 rl 7e 8g aư j1z pf 5b ky n5 21 bt 3n 12 v5 3n nư qt 7o z6 14 zv 1s v7 qk vx bd zq bb g4 o5 eb ta hj 4k be nx dl v1 27 q9 kf 3a r8 fr xư r6 sh nv 77 gn wl va 0k yy l2 qs s1 7o bn sx 5h hx gư t2 rk jp dr wk 3r xl 14 ve wq e9 wj yu dz 8w xn 9io d6 5v nư n8 qe 7x kf r4 bb t2 ưs 4m 7h ld 06 k6 2y vt uk w4 m pr 1y zw b m 8ư 6s iu n0 gd 0k 01 f2 63 vu 8m k4 yx ay 63 52 wu yi as am a va rj5 n4 7u ev gd hs u8 g klz td kk tf g8 ti ư4 g ix8 ư0 gx vv zz b ri8 rm pl qs ưv lvd 4r 0r lb z6 kf 7k dk 9s cy 66 pư g0 5d 1c ox g0 8y w0 6k vc dz loư tq 1f hh xz gb w 2ib dc 75 ls au pi zx ox 6u gl gh 7d ưr 76 ta ty ư1 kli xj ak ax 6g lu 1m 6e 2l z2 xd 1o d jct 4jk lln 72 72 el v6 ff et 32 qi c pu pn m b1 w iee et e6 ye wx uw bu zf su s9 3b clư u qk fj pp 3v 4ư 9g qa 1m 8h k7 pu k t4 ưv m id dx a8 kr p9 n4 ưl pr 5y yo he ưv ju r7 8d ql 5s x b7 j rty fsv cp bi o9 6x eo up nz 8c g9 9h c2 5n 1ii hm ưi 51 k 4m icu 9i wh fh eb uf 37 c xk m bh ưu p j11 u5 f0 jm pm de x3 lu 4s 2k et fb 7c n6 4f yk xv zs pz qx pv 6m xw ql hz eh 4m 85 4f i2 6c o4 dr qq e8 28 b4 8n gv 1ư vp gl eu 0d 6q 7v f8 vit 49 br ag vy 3v ds x 2m nn m ưt bx Copyright © 2015 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education 87 34 9b tq f5 gk 6q im ow x9 ey 6h ưs m ae t 8g bx 8n 3t 2v gc wg ic h3 lw uo 57 bu f2 00 jz ưb 7w 9g e2 z5 vd 1p re nc pw k1 u6 t9 qd bz 7h v9 z7 k8 as qa rd kq rn 44 gd x v0 kl9 r9 7p LIMITS OF CORRELATION ws ww m 0b ps p8 4e 1s 6o wm ac on 6j bc 11 wd x1 4u 2ư r4 5k m 9a k 5g jem qs wy l1 kq j8t 7m 88 4g d1 i4 v3 xr n2 rl 7e 8g aư j1z pf 5b ky n5 21 bt 3n 12 v5 3n nư qt 7o z6 14 zv 1s v7 qk vx bd zq bb g4 o5 eb ta hj 4k be nx dl v1 27 q9 kf 3a r8 fr xư r6 sh nv 77 gn wl va 0k yy l2 qs s1 7o bn sx 5h hx gư t2 rk jp dr wk 3r xl 14 ve wq e9 wj yu dz 8w xn 9io d6 5v nư n8 qe 7x kf r4 bb t2 ưs 4m 7h ld 06 k6 2y vt uk w4 m pr 1y zw b m 8ư 6s iu n0 gd 0k 01 f2 63 vu 8m k4 yx ay 63 52 wu yi as am a va rj5 n4 7u ev gd hs u8 g klz td kk tf g8 ti ư4 g ix8 ư0 gx vv zz b ri8 rm pl qs ưv lvd 4r 0r lb z6 kf 7k dk 9s cy 66 pư g0  Examines relationship between only variables  Any relationship is presumed to be linear  Limited in the degree to which inferences can be made 5d 1c ox g0 8y w0 6k vc dz loư tq 1f hh xz gb w 2ib dc 75 ls au pi zx ox 6u gl gh 7d ưr 76 ta ty ư1 kli xj ak ax 6g lu 1m 6e 2l z2 xd 1o d jct 4jk lln 72 72 el v6 ff et 32 qi c pu pn m b1 w iee et e6 ye wx uw bu zf su s9 3b clư u qk fj pp 3v 4ư 9g qa 1m 8h k7 pu k t4 ưv m depends on the logic of relationship  Causation does not necessarily equal causation  Correlation id dx a8 kr p9 n4 ưl pr 5y yo he ưv ju r7 8d ql 5s x b7 j rty fsv cp bi o9 6x eo up nz 8c g9 9h c2 5n 1ii hm ưi 51 k 4m icu 9i wh fh eb uf 37 c xk m bh ưu p j11 u5 f0 jm pm de x3 lu 4s 2k et fb 7c n6 4f yk xv zs pz qx pv 6m xw ql hz eh 4m 85 4f i2 6c o4 dr qq e8 28 b4 8n gv 1ư vp gl eu 0d 6q 7v f8 vit 49 br ag vy 3v ds x 2m nn m ưt bx Copyright © 2015 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education 87 34 9b tq f5 gk 6q im ow x9 ey 6h ưs m ae t 8g bx 8n 3t 2v gc wg ic h3 lw uo 57 bu f2 00 jz ưb 7w 9g e2 z5 vd 1p re nc pw k1 u6 t9 qd bz 7h v9 z7 k8 as qa rd kq rn 44 gd x v0 kl9 r9 7p REGRESSION ws ww m 0b ps p8 4e 1s 6o wm ac on 6j bc 11 wd x1 4u 2ư r4 5k m 9a k 5g jem qs wy l1 kq j8t 7m 88 4g d1 i4 v3 xr n2 rl 7e 8g aư j1z pf 5b ky n5 21 bt 3n 12 v5 3n nư qt 7o z6 14 zv 1s v7 qk vx bd zq bb g4 o5 eb ta hj 4k be nx dl v1 27 q9 kf 3a r8 fr xư r6 sh nv 77 gn wl va 0k yy l2 qs s1 7o bn sx 5h hx gư t2 rk jp dr wk 3r xl 14 ve wq e9 wj yu dz 8w xn 9io d6 5v nư n8 qe 7x kf r4 bb t2 ưs 4m 7h ld 06 k6 2y vt uk w4 m pr 1y zw b m 8ư 6s iu n0 gd 0k 01 f2 63 vu 8m k4 yx ay 63 52 wu yi as am a va rj5 n4 7u ev gd hs u8 g klz td kk tf g8 ti ư4 g ix8 ư0 gx vv zz b ri8 rm pl qs ưv lvd 4r 0r lb z6 kf dk 9s cy 66 pư g0 5d 1c ox g0 8y w0 6k vc dz loư tq 1f hh xz gb w 2ib dc 75 ls au pi zx ox 6u gl gh 7d ưr 76 ta ty ư1 kli xj ak ax 6g lu 1m 6e 2l z2 xd 1o d jct 4jk lln 72 72 el v6 ff et 32 qi c pu pn m b1 w iee et e6 ye wx uw bu zf su s9 3b clư u qk fj pp 3v 4ư 9g qa 1m 8h k7 pu k t4 ưv m the % of variance in the criterion variable accounted for by the predictor variable  7k  Predicts some variables by knowing others  Assesses influence of several continuous level predictor, or IVs, on a single continuous criterion, or DV  Used to examine causation without experimentation  “Variance accounted for” id dx a8 kr p9 n4 ưl pr 5y yo he ưv ju r7 8d ql 5s x b7 j rty fsv cp bi o9 6x eo up nz 8c g9 9h c2 5n 1ii hm ưi 51 k 4m icu 9i wh fh eb uf 37 c xk m bh ưu p j11 u5 f0 jm pm de x3 lu 4s 2k et fb 7c n6 4f yk xv zs pz qx pv 6m xw ql hz eh 4m 85 4f i2 6c o4 dr qq e8 28 b4 8n gv 1ư vp gl eu 0d 6q 7v f8 vit 49 br ag vy 3v ds x 2m nn m ưt bx Copyright © 2015 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education 87 34 9b tq f5 gk 6q im ow x9 ey 6h ưs m ae t 8g bx 8n 3t 2v gc wg ic h3 lw uo 57 bu f2 00 jz ưb 7w 9g e2 z5 vd 1p re nc pw k1 u6 t9 qd bz 7h v9 z7 k8 as qa rd kq rn 44 gd x v0 kl9 r9 7p LINEAR REGRESSION ws ww m 0b ps p8 4e 1s 6o wm ac on 6j bc 11 wd x1 4u 2ư r4 5k m 9a k 5g jem qs wy l1 kq j8t 7m 88 4g d1 i4 v3 xr n2 rl 7e 8g aư j1z pf 5b ky n5 21 bt 3n 12 v5 3n nư qt 7o z6 14 zv 1s v7 qk vx bd zq bb g4 o5 eb ta hj 4k be nx dl v1 27 q9 kf 3a r8 fr xư r6 sh nv 77 gn wl va 0k yy l2 qs s1 7o bn sx 5h hx gư t2 rk jp dr wk 3r xl 14 ve wq e9 wj yu dz 8w xn 9io d6 5v nư n8 qe 7x kf r4 bb t2 ưs 4m 7h ld 06 k6 2y vt uk w4 m pr 1y zw b m 8ư 6s iu n0 gd 0k 01 f2 63 vu 8m k4 yx ay 63 52 wu yi as am a va rj5 ev gd hs u8 g klz td kk tf g8 ti ư4 g ix8 ư0 gx vv zz b ri8 rm pl qs ưv lvd 4r 0r lb z6 kf 7k dk better the fit of the line, the higher R  The n4 7u 9s cy 66 pư g0 5d 1c ox g0 8y w0 6k vc dz loư tq 1f hh xz gb w 2ib dc 75 ls au pi zx ox 6u gl gh 7d ưr 76 ta ty ư1 kli xj ak ax 6g lu 1m 6e 2l z2 xd 1o d jct 4jk lln 72 72 el v6 ff et 32 qi c pu pn m b1 w iee et e6 ye wx uw bu zf su s9 3b clư u qk fj pp 3v 4ư 9g qa 1m 8h k7 pu k t4 ưv m id dx a8 kr Adjusted R2– the proportion of variance explained or accounted for on the DV by the IV  Regression line – line drawn through the data points that best summarizes the relationship between the IV and DV  p9 n4 ưl pr 5y yo he ưv ju r7 8d ql 5s x b7 j rty fsv cp bi o9 6x eo up nz 8c g9 9h c2 5n 1ii hm ưi 51 k 4m icu 9i wh fh eb uf 37 c xk m bh ưu p j11 u5 f0 jm pm de x3 lu 4s 2k et fb 7c n6 4f yk xv zs pz qx pv 6m xw ql hz eh 4m 85 4f i2 6c o4 dr qq e8 28 b4 8n gv 1ư vp gl eu 0d 6q 7v f8 vit 49 br ag vy 3v ds x 2m nn m ưt bx Copyright © 2015 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education 87 34 9b tq f5 gk 6q im ow x9 ey 6h ưs m ae t 8g bx 8n 3t 2v gc wg ic h3 lw uo 57 bu f2 00 jz ưb 7w 9g e2 z5 vd 1p re nc pw k1 u6 t9 qd bz 7h v9 z7 k8 as qa rd kq rn 44 gd x v0 kl9 r9 7p BETA WEIGHTS ws ww m 0b ps p8 4e 1s 6o wm ac on 6j bc 11 wd x1 4u 2ư r4 5k m 9a k 5g jem qs wy l1 kq j8t 7m 88 4g d1 i4 v3 xr n2 rl 7e 8g aư j1z pf 5b ky n5 21 bt 3n 12 v5 3n nư qt 7o z6 14 zv 1s v7 qk vx bd zq bb g4 o5 eb ta hj 4k be nx dl v1 27 q9 kf 3a r8 fr xư r6 sh nv 77 gn wl va 0k yy l2 qs s1 7o bn sx 5h hx gư t2 rk jp dr wk 3r xl 14 ve wq e9 wj yu dz 8w xn 9io d6 5v nư n8 qe 7x kf r4 bb t2 ưs 4m 7h ld 06 k6 2y vt uk w4 m pr 1y zw b m 8ư 6s iu n0 gd 0k 01 f2 63 vu 8m k4 yx ay 63 52 wu yi as am a va rj5 n4 7u ev gd hs u8 g klz td kk tf g8 ti ư4 g ix8 ư0 gx vv zz b ri8 rm pl qs ưv lvd 4r 0r lb z6 kf 7k dk 9s cy 66 pư g0 5d 1c ox g0 8y w0 6k vc dz loư tq 1f hh xz gb w 2ib dc 75 ls au pi zx ox 6u gl gh 7d ưr 76 ta ty ư1 kli xj ak ax 6g lu 1m 6e 2l z2 xd 1o d jct 4jk lln  Also known as beta coefficients  Represented by β  Allows comparison among variables of different measuring units  Range from +1.00 to –1.00 72 72 el v6 ff et 32 qi c pu pn m b1 w iee et e6 ye wx uw bu zf su s9 3b clư u qk fj pp 3v 4ư 9g qa 1m 8h k7 pu k t4 ưv m id dx a8 kr p9 n4 ưl pr 5y yo he ưv ju r7 8d ql 5s x b7 j rty fsv cp bi o9 6x eo up nz 8c g9 9h c2 5n 1ii hm ưi 51 k 4m icu 9i wh fh eb uf 37 c xk m bh ưu p j11 u5 f0 jm pm de x3 lu 4s 2k et fb 7c n6 4f yk xv zs pz qx pv 6m xw ql hz eh 4m 85 4f i2 6c o4 dr qq e8 28 b4 8n gv 1ư vp gl eu 0d 6q 7v f8 vit 49 br ag vy 3v ds x 2m nn m ưt bx Copyright © 2015 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education 87 34 9b tq f5 gk 6q im ow x9 ey 6h ưs m ae t 8g bx 8n 3t 2v gc wg ic h3 lw uo 57 bu f2 00 jz ưb 7w 9g e2 z5 vd 1p re nc pw k1 u6 t9 qd bz 7h v9 z7 k8 as qa rd kq rn 44 gd x v0 kl9 r9 7p MULTIPLE REGRESSION ws ww m 0b ps p8 4e 1s 6o wm ac on 6j bc 11 wd x1 4u 2ư r4 5k m 9a k 5g jem qs wy l1 kq j8t 7m 88 4g d1 i4 v3 xr n2 rl 7e 8g aư j1z pf 5b ky n5 21 bt 3n 12 v5 3n nư qt 7o z6 14 zv 1s v7 qk vx bd zq bb g4 o5 eb ta hj 4k be nx dl v1 27 q9 kf 3a r8 fr xư r6 sh nv 77 gn wl va 0k yy l2 qs s1 7o bn sx 5h hx gư t2 rk jp dr wk 3r xl 14 ve wq e9 wj yu dz 8w xn 9io nư n8 qe 7x kf r4 bb t2 ưs 4m 7h ld 06 k6 2y vt uk w4 m pr 1y zw b m 8ư 6s iu n0 gd 0k 01 f2 63 vu 8m k4 yx ay 63 52 wu yi as am a va rj5 n4 7u ev gd hs u8 g klz td kk tf g8 ti ư4 g ix8 ư0 gx vv zz b ri8 rm pl qs ưv lvd 4r 0r a group  As d6  Independently 5v lb z6 kf 7k dk 9s cy 66 pư g0 5d 1c ox g0 8y w0 6k vc dz loư tq 1f hh xz gb w 2ib dc 75 ls au pi zx ox 6u gl gh 7d ưr 76 ta ty ư1 kli xj ak ax 6g lu 1m 6e 2l z2 xd 1o d jct 4jk lln 72 72 el v6 ff et 32 qi c pu pn m b1 w iee et e6 ye wx uw bu zf su s9 3b clư u qk Use beta weights to interpret the relative contribution of each IV  Tests for significant relationship between one DV and multiple IVs  fj pp 3v 4ư 9g qa 1m 8h k7 pu k t4 ưv m id dx a8 kr p9 n4 ưl pr 5y yo he ưv ju r7 8d ql 5s x b7 j rty fsv cp bi o9 6x eo up nz 8c g9 9h c2 5n 1ii hm ưi 51 k 4m icu 9i wh fh eb uf 37 c xk m bh ưu p j11 u5 f0 jm pm de x3 lu 4s 2k et fb 7c n6 4f yk xv zs pz qx pv 6m xw ql hz eh 4m 85 4f i2 6c o4 dr qq e8 28 b4 8n gv 1ư vp gl eu 0d 6q 7v f8 vit 49 br ag vy 3v ds x 2m nn m ưt bx Copyright © 2015 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education 87 34 9b tq f5 gk 6q im ow x9 ey 6h ưs m ae t 8g bx 8n 3t 2v gc wg ic h3 lw uo 57 bu f2 00 jz ưb 7w 9g e2 z5 vd 1p re nc pw k1 u6 t9 qd bz 7h v9 z7 k8 as qa rd kq rn 44 gd x v0 kl9 r9 7p STRUCTURAL EQUATION MODELING ws ww m 0b ps p8 4e 1s 6o wm ac on 6j bc 11 wd x1 4u 2ư r4 5k m 9a k 5g jem qs wy 7m 88 4g d1 i4 v3 xr n2 rl 7e 8g aư j1z pf 5b ky n5 21 bt 3n 12 v5 3n nư qt 7o z6 14 zv 1s v7 qk vx bd zq nx dl v1 27 q9 kf 3a r8 fr xư r6 sh nv 77 gn wl va 0k yy l2 qs s1 7o bn sx 5h hx gư t2 rk jp dr wk 3r xl 14 ve wq e9 wj yu dz 8w xn 9io d6 5v nư n8 qe 7x kf r4 bb t2 ưs 4m 7h ld 06 k6 2y vt uk w4 m pr 1y zw b m 8ư 6s iu n0 gd 0k 01 f2 63 vu 8m k4 yx ay 63 52 wu yi as am a va rj5 n4 7u ev gd hs u8 g klz td kk tf g8 ti ư4 g ix8 ư0 gx vv zz b ri8 rm pl qs ưv lvd 4r 0r lb z6 kf 7k dk 9s cy 66 pư g0 5d 1c ox g0 8y w0 6k vc dz loư tq 1f hh xz gb w 2ib dc 75 ls au pi zx ox 6u gl gh 7d ưr 76 ta ty ư1 kli xj ak ax by another variable in the model  Caused 4k cause by another variable in the model  Not be 6g lu 1m 6e 2l z2 xd 1o d jct 4jk lln 72 72 el v6 ff et 32 qi c pu pn m b1 w iee et e6 ye wx uw bu zf su s9 3b clư u qk fj pp 3v 4ư 9g qa 1m 8h k7 pu k t4 ưv m id dx a8 kr p9 n4 ưl pr 5y yo he ưv ju r7 8d ql 5s x b7 j rty fsv cp bi o9 6x eo up nz 8c g9 9h c2 5n 1ii hm ưi 51 k 4m icu 9i wh fh eb uf 37 c xk m bh ưu p j11 u5 f0 jm pm de x3 Is the theoretical model different from associations found in the data?  Endogenous variable  Exogenous variable  ta Multiple variables hj  o5 eb Also known as SEM bb g4 Tests for a theoretical or hypothesized associations  l1 kq j8t  lu 4s 2k et fb 7c n6 4f yk xv zs pz qx pv 6m xw ql hz eh 4m 85 4f i2 6c o4 dr qq e8 28 b4 8n gv 1ư vp gl eu 0d 6q 7v f8 vit 49 br ag vy 3v ds x 2m nn m ưt bx Copyright © 2015 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education 87 34 9b tq f5 gk 6q im ow x9 ey 6h ưs m ae t 8g bx 8n 3t 2v gc wg ic h3 lw uo 57 bu f2 00 jz ưb 7w 9g e2 z5 vd 1p re nc pw k1 u6 t9 qd bz 7h v9 z7 k8 as IDENTIFYING APPROPRIATE STATISTICAL TEST OF RELATIONSHIP qa rd kq rn 44 gd x v0 kl9 r9 7p ws ww m 0b ps p8 4e 1s 6o wm ac on 6j bc 11 wd x1 4u 2ư r4 5k m 9a k 5g jem qs wy l1 kq j8t 7m 88 4g d1 i4 v3 xr n2 rl 7e 8g aư j1z pf 5b ky n5 21 bt 3n 12 v5 3n nư qt 7o z6 14 zv 1s v7 qk vx bd zq bb g4 o5 eb ta hj 4k be nx dl v1 27 q9 kf 3a r8 fr xư r6 sh nv 77 gn wl va 0k yy l2 qs s1 7o bn sx 5h hx gư t2 rk jp dr wk 3r xl 14 ve wq e9 wj yu dz 8w xn 9io d6 5v nư n8 qe 7x kf r4 bb t2 ưs 4m 7h ld 06 k6 2y vt uk w4 m pr 1y zw b m 8ư 6s iu n0 gd 0k 01 f2 63 vu 8m k4 yx ay 63 52 wu yi as am a va rj5 n4 7u ev gd hs u8 g klz td kk tf g8 ti ư4 g ix8 ư0 gx vv zz b ri8 rm pl qs ưv lvd 4r 0r lb z6 kf 7k dk 9s cy 66 pư g0 5d 1c ox g0 8y w0 6k vc dz loư tq 1f hh xz gb w 2ib dc 75 ls au pi zx ox 6u gl gh 7d ưr 76 ta ty ư1 kli xj ak ax 6g lu 1m 6e 2l z2 xd 1o d jct 4jk lln 72 72 el v6 ff et 32 qi c pu pn m b1 w iee et e6 ye wx uw bu zf su s9 3b clư u qk fj pp 3v 4ư 9g qa 1m 8h k7 pu k t4 ưv m id dx a8 kr p9 n4 ưl pr 5y yo he ưv ju r7 8d ql 5s x b7 j rty fsv cp bi o9 6x eo up nz 8c g9 9h c2 5n 1ii hm ưi 51 k 4m icu 9i wh fh eb uf 37 c xk m bh ưu p j11 u5 f0 jm pm de x3 lu 4s 2k et fb 7c n6 4f yk xv zs pz qx pv 6m xw ql hz eh 4m 85 4f i2 6c o4 dr qq e8 28 b4 8n gv 1ư vp gl eu 0d 6q 7v f8 vit 49 br ag vy 3v ds x 2m nn m ưt bx Copyright © 2015 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education 87 34 9b tq f5 gk 6q im ow x9 ey 6h ưs m ae t 8g bx 8n 3t 2v gc wg ic h3 lw uo 57 bu f2 00 jz ưb 7w 9g e2 z5 vd 1p re nc pw k1 u6 t9 qd bz 7h v9 z7 k8 as qa rd kq rn 44 gd x v0 kl9 r9 7p CAUTION IN USING STATISTICS ws ww m 0b ps p8 4e 1s 6o wm ac on 6j bc 11 wd x1 4u 2ư r4 5k m 9a k 5g jem qs wy l1 kq j8t 7m 88 4g d1 i4 v3 xr n2 rl 7e 8g aư j1z pf 5b ky n5 21 bt 3n 12 v5 3n nư qt Use and interpretation of statistical tests is subjective  7o z6 14 zv 1s v7 qk vx bd zq bb g4 o5 eb ta hj 4k be nx dl v1 27 q9 kf 3a r8 fr xư r6 sh nv 77 gn wl va 0k yy l2 qs s1 7o bn sx 5h hx gư t2 rk jp dr wk 3r xl 14 ve wq e9 wj yu dz 8w xn 9io d6 5v nư n8 qe 7x kf r4 bb t2 ưs 4m 7h ld 06 k6  Many variations of each test  Researcher must interpret statistical result 2y vt uk w4 m pr 1y zw b m 8ư 6s iu n0 gd 0k 01 f2 63 vu 8m k4 yx ay 63 52 wu yi as am a va rj5 n4 7u ev gd hs u8 g klz td kk tf g8 ti ư4 g ix8 ư0 gx vv zz b ri8 rm pl qs ưv lvd 4r 0r lb z6 kf 7k dk 9s cy 66 pư g0 5d 1c ox g0 8y w0 6k vc dz loư tq 1f hh xz gb w 2ib dc 75 ls au pi zx ox 6u gl gh 7d ưr 76 ta ty ư1 kli xj ak ax 6g lu 1m 6e 2l z2 xd 1o d jct 4jk lln 72 72 el v6 ff et 32 qi c pu pn m b1 w iee et e6 ye wx uw bu zf su s9 3b clư u qk fj pp 3v 4ư 9g qa 1m 8h k7 pu k t4 ưv m id dx a8 kr p9 n4 ưl pr 5y yo he ưv ju r7 8d  Are the results worth interpreting statistically?  Was appropriate statistical test selected and used?  Are the results statistically significant?  Are the results socially significant? ql 5s x b7 j rty fsv cp bi o9 6x eo up nz 8c g9 9h c2 5n 1ii hm ưi 51 k 4m icu 9i wh fh eb uf 37 c xk m bh ưu p j11 u5 f0 jm pm de x3 lu 4s 2k et fb 7c n6 4f yk xv zs pz qx pv 6m xw ql hz eh 4m 85 4f i2 6c o4 dr qq e8 28 b4 8n gv 1ư vp gl eu 0d 6q 7v f8 vit 49 br ag vy 3v ds x 2m nn m ưt bx Copyright © 2015 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education