• Explain the difference between surveillance and planned studies • Describe how surveillance is used in public health practice • Describe the key elements of the public health surveillance cycle • Describe the key features of the International Health Regulations • Explain the differences among different types of surveillance (active, passive, sentinel, etc.)
Overview of Public Health Surveillance Matt Moore, Resident Advisor Field Epidemiology Training Program 19-23 June 2017 FETP Vietnam | Cohorts & Surveillance Module Objectives: By the end of this session, you should be able to: • Explain the difference between surveillance and planned studies • Describe how surveillance is used in public health practice • Describe the key elements of the public health surveillance cycle • Describe the key features of the International Health Regulations • Explain the differences among different types of surveillance (active, passive, sentinel, etc.) 19-23 June 2017 FETP Vietnam | Cohorts & Surveillance Module What is public health surveillance? How? What? Why? 19-23 June 2017 FETP Vietnam | Cohorts & Surveillance Module What is public health surveillance? How? What? Why? Systematic, ongoing, collection, collation, and analysis of data and the timely dissemination of public health information for assessment and public health response as necessary IHR 2005 19-23 June 2017 FETP Vietnam | Cohorts & Surveillance Module How is surveillance different from a planned study? Systematic? Ongoing, as in continuing into the distant future? Collection, collation, analysis and timely dissemination of public health information? For assessment and public health response as necessary Surveillance Yes Almost always* Yes Yes Planned Study Yes Not usually Yes Not always *Can be temporary in setting of outbreak investigations or in preparation for a mass gathering, e.g., Olympic games 19-23 June 2017 FETP Vietnam | Cohorts & Surveillance Module The reason for collecting, analyzing, and disseminating information on a disease is to control that disease Collection and analysis should not be allowed to consume resources if action does not follow." Foege W H., Hogan R C., Newton L H Surveillance Projects for Selected Diseases International Journal of Epidemiology 1976;5(1):29–37 19-23 June 2017 FETP Vietnam | Cohorts & Surveillance Module How have YOU used surveillance? 19-23 June 2017 FETP Vietnam | Cohorts & Surveillance Module Some uses of public health surveillance data • Describe the burden of or potential for disease • Monitor trends and patterns in disease, risk factors, agents • Detect sudden changes in disease occurrence and distribution • Provide data for program, policies, priorities • Evaluate prevention / control efforts 19-23 June 2017 FETP Vietnam | Cohorts & Surveillance Module The surveillance cycle Diagnosis / Detection Evaluation Action! Reporting / Data Collection Analysis, Interpretation Communicating Information 19-23 June 2017 FETP Vietnam | Cohorts & Surveillance Module International Health Regulations, 2005 • World Health Assembly, 2005: All 196 UN member states committed to achieving the goals of the revised International Health Regulations (IHR) over a five-year period • IHR requires all countries to: • Make sure surveillance systems and laboratories can detect potential threats • Work together with other countries to make decisions in public health emergencies • Report through participation in a network of National Focal Points • Respond to public health events 19-23 June 2017 FETP Vietnam | Cohorts & Surveillance Module 10