Giáo trình ngữ dụng học ngữ văn ths gvc nguyễn thị thu thủy

BO GIAO DUG VA DAO TAO TRUONG DAI HOC DAN LAP Gifu LONG Nguyen Thi Thu Thuy Gido Trinh NGU DUNG HOC - NGU’ VAN l THUVlfiN ! Vinh Long - 2008 ■I •> ► Ldl DE TUA Trifdng Dai hoc Dan lap Chu Long muon khang dinh la trung tam dao tao nguon nhan life co trinh cao cho khu virc dong bang song Cdu Long de phuc vu cho cong cuoc cong nghiep hoa, hien dai hoa da't nude thi phai nang cao cha't litong dao tao toan dien Mot nhiing ye'u to' ye'u la doi ngu thay co, he thong cac giao trinh va trang thie't bi day hoc Cung vdi cac nganh cac cap toan qudc dang day nhanh tien xay dung va cung cd vi the xu the hoi nhap, tnrtag Dai hoc Dan lap Guru Long dan tu'ng budc hoan thien de duong ddu vdi nhiing thach thilc do, gop phan dera nen giao due dai hoc Viet Nam dilng vOng, ngang tam khu vile va the gidi Ke hoach xay du’ng vde mot Bo giao trinh sd dung cho cac giang vien lam tai lieu ctf ban de giang day, cho sinh vien nghien cun tham khao hoc tap la nhu cau cap bach cua nha triicfng An pham la giao trinh Ngu* Dung Hoc - Ngil Van, Triidng Dai hoc Dan lap Cufu Long, ThS GVC Nguydn Thi Thu Thiiy bien soan Lanh dao triXdng Dai hoc Dan lap Cufu Long tran nhu'ng cong hien, dong gop cua Quy thay co mdi giang cung nhu” cac thay co can bo - giang vien co hull cua nha triThng Hy vong rang, mot khong xa Trifcrng Dai hoc Dan lap Cufu Long se co day du mot Bo giao trinh hoan chinh dung nha truing Tran gidi thieu giao trinh den Quy thay co va cac em sinh vien trifcrng Dai hoc Dan lap Cdu Long Vinh Long, thang 01 nam 2008 Q HIEU TRtfdNG ThS Nguyen Cao Dat » LOT NOI DAU Ngit dm hoc, Tic rung hoc, Ngu phdp hoc Id nhung chuyen ngdnh quen thuoc gidi nghien cuu Viet ngu, sinh vien va hoc sinh song Ngu dung hpc lai duong nhu cdn xa la ddi vdi nhi'eu ngudi mac du nhung van de ye Ngu dung tu bao gid da trd nen vo cung thih than giao tiep xd hoi Co the noi, Ngu dung hoc Id mot chuyen nganh mdi cua Viet Nam; vqy, cdc cong trinh, bdi viet linh vuc d nude ta hien cdn rat it Trudng Dai hoc Dan lap Cim Long, cdc tai lieu lien quan den mon hoc lai edng hidm Trong tinh hinh nhu vqy, giao trinh duac hien soon nhdm hd trp bdi gidng cua giao vien tren Idp, giup sinh vien ndm vung nhung kien thuc ve mon hoc Trong xu hudng ddi mdi phuang phdp day - hoc d bdc dai hoc giao trinh dupe hien soqn hudng ddn cdc muc dich, yeu cdu sau: Dam bao nhung noi dung co han cua mdn hoc Tren co so trinh bay nhung van de It thuyet ye Ngu dung hoc; d tung phdn chung tdi co gang hen he den van de su dung ngdn ngu cua cong ddng ngu ednh cu the Dam bao tinh vua sue, de hieu Trude nhung vdn dd khoa hoc co the co hai each trinh hay: hoqc trinh hay theo phong each han lam, hoqc^ trinh hay theo phong each su phqm Chung tdi chon each thii hai de giup sinh vien de tiep can mdn hoc Dam hdo thdi lupng dupe phdn phdi ddi vdi mdn hoc (30 tidt) De ddm hdo thdi gian, chung tdi mqnh dan ho qua nhung vdn dd ma chung tdi cho la khdng co ban, hoqc nhung vdn de co ban nhung mo hd vd hien tai gidi Viet ngu it dd cap ddn Dam hdo tinh su phqm Dd dqt dupe didu nay, d lung bdi, chung tdi kdt hop giua ly thuydt vd thuc hdnh Nhdm giup sinh vien phdt huy tinh tich cue, chu ddng hoc tap, gido trinh khdng trinh bay can ke, chi tidt tat cd noi dung cua bdi hoc Mot sd vdn dd dupe chungJdi cd y bd lung de sinh vien suy nghi vd thdo ludn Chung tdi cho rang, gido trinh chi Id phuong tidn hd trp cho vide day vd hoc, vd^ phdi kh hap vdi cdc hoat dong tren lap thi vice hoc tap mdi co the dqt duqc hieu qua mong muon Tai heu gdm chu de, moi chu de duqc thib k^ theo mot mo thuc chung gdm: Gidi thieu chung ve chu de Hoat dong Thong tin ca ban Bai tap ddnh gia } eu cdu kien thuc cua mon hoc thi nhieu nhung thdi luqng duqc phan phoi tren lop thi co han, vdy phuang phdp hoc tap tlch cue la quan De su dung duqc tdi da hieu qua thdi gian tren lap, hoc vien can nghien cuu ki gido tr'inh trudc Ten lap Cu thd: li a lai cdc cdu hoi, thuc hien cdc nhiem vu a phan "Hoat dong " theo tr'inh tu duqc hudng ddn gido trinh Doc Thong tin ca ban " de ndm duqc npi dung cua bdi hoc Thqc hipn cdc bdi tap phan "Ddnh gid ” de cung cd, ma rdng kien thuc vd tim nhung ung dung cua kidn thuc da hoc vdo ddi song Ndi dung hoc tqp gdm hai phdn: phdn bdt budc vd phdn khdng bat buoc.^ Phdn bdt budc se duqc gido vien td chuc hoc tap q lop Phdn khdn^g bdt budc, sinh vien tu nghien cuu, tim hieu Phdn ddnh ^ia P^n ^u^c' tl{y nhien han che ve mat thdi gian, hdu hdt bdi tap sinh vien phai tu lam a nhd Trudc mot chuyen ngdnh mdi me, nhi'eu vdn dd bd ngd tdi heu chdchdn khd dap ung duqc tdt cd mong mudn tim hidu, nghien cuu ve mon hoc Chung tdi rat mong nhdn duqc y kidn dong gdp cua nguai hoc va dong nghidp TP Can Tha 01 thdng ndm 2008 Tac gia Chude NHUNG VAN DE CHUNG VE NGf DUNG HOC Giffi thieu chung Qua chit de nay, hoc yien thdy duac su dai cua Ngu dung hoc la mot nhu cdu buc thiet cua viec sic dung ngbn ngic, tren co so xac dinh duoc doi tuong, nhiem vii va noi dung nghien cuu cua mon hoc De dat duoc dieu do, trudc h^t hoc vien cdn phdn biet ddi tuong va nhiem vu nghien cuu cua Ngu dung hoc vol cdc bo mon nhu Ngu am hoc, Tic vung hoc, Ngu phdp hoc va Ngic nghia hoc (trong vol Ngu phdp hoc va Ngic nghia hoc la quan nhdt) Ngoai ra, qua chit d'e hoc vien co th^ trinh bay duoc cdc chicc ndng cua giao tiep, phdn tich duoc ngu canh mot di^n ngdn cu the va su chi phoi cua no doi vdi van de tqo lap va tUp nhdn di&n ngdn Day la co so d& hoc tidp cdc chii dd sau I Sir RA Ddi VA PHAT TRIEN CUA NGU’ DUNG HOC Hoat dong Hay neu len nhung luan diem quan trong "Giao trinh ngon ngu hoc dai cirong" cua F de Saussure va anh hirong cua no d^n ddi tirong, nhiem vu va phuong phap nghien ctru cua Ngdn ngir hoc thd gidi dau the ki XX Thong tin ca ban cua boat dong 'Sir ddi cua "Giao trinh ngdn ngu hoc dai cuong" la mot cot mdc quan trong, danh dau su ddi cua nganh Ngdn ngu hoc thd gidi Nhung luan diem quan cua giao trinh da chi phdi manh me Ngdn ngu hoc ca mot thdi ki Ddy la cac luan didm phan biet ngdn ngu/ldi noi, quan he ndi tai/quan he ngoai tai, thd chSt/cdu true, dong dai/lich dai Nhung anh hudng tich cue cua cac luan didm ddn ngdn ngu hoc dau the ki XX la khdng thd phu nhan Anh hudng dupe danh gia la tich cue cua Saussure la d cho da "khdng dinh dupe ban chdt he thong cua ngdn ngu, va d su khdng dinh su tdn tai quy dinh Idn cua cdc quern he^ he thdng ngdn ngicjd d chd qua viec chung minh han chat he thong cua ngdn ngu ma de nhung net ca han cua phucmgphdp he thong va cua cdc thao tdc nghien cihi ngdn ngu theo phuang phdp he thong ” [4, 6] Tuy nhien cung can nhan thAy nhung anh huemg tieu cue cua chung doi vd-i buac ti^n cua Ngdn ngu hoc Chinh luan didm cue doan doi lap ngdn ngu va lai ndi, quan he ndi tai va ngoqi tai cua F De Saussure da khep lai doi tuong nghien cuu cua ngdn ngu hoc dAu the ki Gido trinh Ngdn ngu hoc dqi cuomg da khSng dinh: Ddi tuang nhdt va chan thuc cua Ngdn ngu hoc Id ngdn ngu xet han than nd vd vi han than nd [7, 393] Chiu anh hudng cua quan diem nay, nghien cuu Ngdn ngu hoc cac trudng phai cau true luan cd dien chi tap trung su chu y vao cdu true ndi tai cua ngdn ngu, phan nao xem nhe boat dong cua ngdn ngu hanh chuc, tuc boat dpng thuc hien cac chuc nang ma xa hoi quy dinh cho nd Dieu dan den mot he qua khdng the tranh khdi la Ngdn ngu hoc cau true phai chiu bd tay trubc nhidu cau hoi cd lien quan den lot ndi, lien quan ddn quan he ngoqi tai Cu thd nhung cau hoi nhu: "Chung ta lam gi chung ta ndi ? Chung ta thuc su ndi gi chung ta ndi? Tai chung ta lai hoi ngudi cung han an vdi chung ta rang cd the chuyen cho chung ta lo mudi hay khdng rd rang vd hien nhien la hodn loan cd the? Ai ndi vdi ? Ai ndi vd ndi cho ? Anh nghitoi Id dd cd thd ndi vd-i tdi nhu yay ? Chung ta edn phai hidt nhung gi dd cho cau ndi hay cau ndi cua chung khdng edn mo hd nua ? Thd nao Id mot lai hua ? Ngudi ta cd thd ndi mot didu gi khde vd-i didu ngudi ta muon ndi nhu the nao ? Ngudi ta cd thd tin vdo didu ndi theo cau chu dupe khdng ? Nghta Id cd thd tin vdo nghia cau chu- cua Idi ndi dupe khdng ? Nhung edng dung cua ngdn ngu Id gi? [4, 12] Tom lai chiu anh huemg boi nhung luan didm cue doan cua F.de Saussure, dau the ki XX Ngu dung hau nhu khdng duac dd cap den Hoat dong Doc^thdng tin cor ban va neu nhung nhfrng tien dd thuc ddy su ddi dcri va phat then cua ngu dung hoc Thong tin co’ ban cua hoat dong ' Ngu- dung hoc da co mdm mdng ttr thai cd dai dirdi ten goi "Dien 7otQC'\ (rh