DAI HOC QUOC GIA HA NOI TRUdNG DAI HOC KHOA HOC XA HOI VA NHAN VAN De tdi: KHAO SAT ANH HUONG CUA TAN THU (TRUNG QUOC) TClI HAN VAN DONG KINH NGHIA THUC Ma so: QX 06-19 Chu tri de tdi: Ths D6 Thiiy Nhung lOAl HOC QUOC GIA HA NOl TRUNG TAM THONG TIN THU VIEN ^ / U^ Ha Noi, thang nam 2007 MUC LUC PHAN MO DAU NOI DUNG Ly chon d6 tai Muc dich nghidn ciru D6'i tugfng, pham vi nghi6n cihi Phuang phap nghien cuu Dong gop cua de tai Noi dung va nhiem vu nghien cuu CHUONG 1: TIEP XUC NGON NGITHAN VIET VA HAN VAN CUA VIET NAM 1.1 Tiep xuc ng6n ngir Han va Vift 1.1.1 Ly thuyd't tiep xiic ngon ngu 1.1.2 Tidp xuc ngon ngu Han va Viet 13 1.2 Han van a Viet Nam 19 1.2.1 Han van o Viet Nam 19 1.2.2 Han van Viet Nam dau theky XX 21 Tidu ket 25 CHUONG : HOAN CANH RA DCil CAC TAC PHAM HAN VAN DONG KINH NGHTA THUC 26 2.1 Tiep thu tu tudng Duy tan m6 dudng cho Tan thu, Tan van Trung Quoc vao Viet Nam 26 2.1.1 Yeu cau ciia lich sirva cac van de tu tudng ciia Tan thu Tan van 26 2.1.2 Tan van the cua Trung Quoc 28 2.1.2.L Nhung nhan to dSn den sura ddi cua Tan van the 28 2.1.2.2 Dac diem va gia tri cua Tan van the 31 2.2 Van ban chu Han cua Dong Kinh Nghia Thuc 41 2.2.1 Trudng Dong Kinh Nghia Thuc 41 2.2.2 Phong each van ban chu Han cua Dong Kinh NghTa Thuc 44 2.3 45 Dac didm Van ngon -Tan van the ciia Han van Dong Kinh NghTa Thuc Tidu ket 47 CHUONG : M O T SO A N H HUONG CUA T A N T H U T ^ I TIT NGLT H A N V A N DONG KINH NGHIA THUC 48 3.1 M6t s6 anh hucmg vd mat ngu nghla cua Tan thu tdi Han van Dong Kinh NghTa Thuc 48 3.1.1 Anh huong cac each djch khac cua tdn va dia danh phucmg Tay 48 3.1.2 Thay thd'tirngircu va mdrdng nghTa ciia tir ngu cu 50 3.1.3 Tir ngu m6i phan anh canh quan van hoa mdi giai doan 59 3.1.4 T6n tai nhi^utirco cung m6t nghia 65 3.2 M6t s6' anh hudng ve mat phuong thiic ciu tnic cua Tan thu tdi Han van D6ng Kinh NghTa Thuc 71 3.2.1 Dan nhap 71 3.2.2 Khao sat tir ghep phiic hgp 74 3.2.2.1 Tir song tidt chidm ty Id cao tir ghep da tiet 74 3.2.2.2 Tir ghep dang co ty Id ap dao so vdi ghep chfnh phu 75 3.2.2.3 Phuang thiic ghep phu gia, mot dac trung m6i xuat hidn Bach thoai 77 3.2.3 Hidn lugng khong codinh cua tir dan tidt, song tiet, da tidt 78 3.2.4 Hidn tugng kh6ng on djnh cua trat tungutd 81 Ti^ukd^t 91 KI^TLUAN 92 T A I LifiU THAM KHAO 93 PHAN ud DAU Ly chon de tai: Vdi cac hiep udc 1862, 1874, 1883, 1884 Viet Nam dan dan trd mgt nudc thugc dia, bgn vua chua quan lai chi la tay sai ciia thuc dan Phap Chinh liic nudc sdi lira bdng dd, tu tudng tan dau the ky 20 da anh hudng sau sdc den cac nha Nho Viet Nam Sir du nhap ciia Tan Thu, Tan Van khong phu thugc vao y mudn ca nhan hay mot nhdm ngudi nao, ma la ta't yeu cua lich sir Bdi vi, day la thdi ky phai md cira de hgi nhap, la thdi ky ma Tdn Trung San da tdng ket bang nguyen ly noi tieng "trieu sdng cua the gidi cudn cudn chay, thuan ddng thi sdng ngugc ddng thi chet" [13, 41] Sir xuat hien Tan Thu, Tan Van la yeu cau hgc hdi van minh ky thuat ciia phuang Tay nham tan tu cudng de bao ve dgc lap va phat trien Dd cung la yeu cau chung ciia cac qudc gia Trung Qudc, Nhat Ban, Viet Nam, Trieu Tien trudc hga xam luge cua thuc dan phuang Tay va cung la mgt hien tugng lich sir phan anh mgt ddng chay theo qui luat lich sir Cac nha Nho bang khuynh hudng tan, da viet them cho lich sir Viet Nam nhtrng trang mdi, cac ITnh vuc lich sir, van hgc v.v dac biet la ITnh vuc ngdn ngii Tan Thu, Tan Van da cd anh hudng mdi ca ve ngi dung, tu tudng lan ngdn ngir vao tieng Viet Chinh vi vay, Han van cua Ddng Kinh NghTa Thuc la mdt bg phan cue ky quan trgng cua Han van can dai Viet Nam da bj anh hudng bdi Tan thu ciia Trung Qudc Vdi each viet mdi, each diln dat mdi, ngi dung mdi ciia Tan thu, dugc the hien bang ldp tir ngir mdi khac hoan toan khac vdi cac van ban Han van Van ngdn trudc da phan anh mdt giai doan cudi diln trinh Han van Viet Nam 10 the ky ciia thdi ky phong kien tu chii The ky XX vira mdi ket thiic, cd the ndi the ky XX la the ky cd nhieu bien dong nhat ljch sir ciia Viet Nam Nhin lai chang dudng da qua, mdi thay dan tgc Viet Nam ta da phai trai qua biet bao gian khd, bao dau thuang va mat mat, da phai rai bao nhieu mau va nudc mdl, mdi cd dugc hdm nay, dirng trudc nhirng nam dau ciia the ky XXI, nhu cau giao luu kinh le va van hda gitra cac nudc dang la mgt xu the mang lfnh loan cau chiing ta khdng the khdng nhin lai the ky XX, de day tu tin budc vao mgt the ky mdi Van hda Viet Nam dang tren da hgi nhap vdi van hda the gidi, nhu c£u nhin lai minh de trd chinh minh, de lam ban vdi thd' gidi la raft quan trgng Trong qua trinh doi mdi dd chiing ta lai xem lai nhirng va'n de dugc dat va giai quyet nhu the nao tilf nhutig nam dau the ky la viec he't siic cin thiet Bat luan diing d gdc nha lich sir hgc hay nha ngdn ngir hgc, nghien curu nhiing phong trao van hda mdi ddu the ky XX, nghien cuu ngdn ngir cua Viet Nam the ky XX, nghien ciiu nhiing budc chuyen bie'n cua Viet Nam tir mot xa hgi truyen thdng sang mdt xa hgi hgi hien dai, hay nghien ciiu Viet Nam tirng budc di vao quT dao cua the gidi, diu cam tha'y day la mdt de tai he't sire hap ddn Bdi vi, day la mdt the ky ddy bie'n dgng cua nudc nha, nd giuong cao hai nggn cd "dgc lap" va "dan tdc" Muc dich nghien ciiru: Ngdn ngtr Van tu Han dugc du nhap vao Viet Nam tir ddu cdng nguyen den cudi the ky XIX ddu the ky XX la Van ngdn Nhtrng thdi ky sau dd Han van Viet Nam hdu nhu dirng ben le nhtrng sir ddi thay qua cac thdi dai ciia Han van Trung Qud'c (tat nhien vi trf dia ly va hoan canh lich sir vdn cd nhirng anh hudng nhat dinh) Cac nha trf thiic Viet Nam ttr co trung dai da diing chtr Han de tao cac tac pham ciia minh nhu Thien dd chie'u, Binh ngd dgi cdo v.v Cho den tan dau the ky XX, nhdm Ddng Kinh NghTa Thuc vdn dung chtr Han de thuc hien cdng cuoc each mang ciia minh, Bac Ho vdn diing chtr Han de sang tac van tha Do vay, cd the noi Han van cua Viet Nam vdn bao luu nhtrng yeu td cd cua thdi ky du nhap, phan anh dugc each viet (Van ngdn) va tir ngu cua thdi ky du nhap Giai doan cudi the ky XIX ddu the ky XX, Han van Viet Nam (Han van thdi mat ky) da cd su khac biet vdi Han van co trung dai, nd khdng cdn dung ben le nhirng su doi thay cua Han van Trung Qudc nira ma tiep thu Tan thu, Tan van ciia Trung Qudc (mgt each viet mdi ciia Han van Trung Qudc duang dai) Nhu vay, viec nghien ciiu cac tac phdm Han van cua Ddng Kinh NghTa Thuc la de khao sat xem Han van Viet Nam da tiep thu Tan van the ciia Trung Qudc nhu the nao? Hay ndi mdt each khac Han van Viet Nam, cu the la Han van Ddng Kinh NghTa Thuc da dugc vidt khac vdi Van ngdn truyin thdng nhu the nao? Ngoai ra, cdn tim hieu bie'n doi ciia Han van giai doan cudi the ky XIX ddu the ky XX d Viet Nam mdi quan he vdi su bie'n doi giira Van ngdn va Bach thoai cua Han van Trung Qudc ndi chung va Han van Tan van the ndi rieng va dac diem tir ngir cua cac van ban Han van Ddng Kinh NghTa Thuc giai doan ddu the ky XX Ddi tirgng, pham vi nghien ciiru: 3.1 Ddi tugng nghien ciiu: Nhu ten cua De tai da cho thay ddi tugng nghien ciiu cua tim nhtrng anh hudng ciia Tan thu Trung Qudc tdi Han van Ddng Kinh NghTa Thuc Vi vay, dd'i tugng de khao sat la khao sat ttr ngtr Han van cua Dong Kinh NghTa Thuc (cu the la tac pham Tdn dinh ludn ly gido khoa thU, Quoc ddn doc bdn vd Viet Nam vong quoi nd phii) Nhtrng tac pham la nhtrng tac pham quan trgng va cd dung lugng tuang ddi ldn so vdi cac tac pham Han van khac ciia Ddng Kinh NghTa Thuc, vdi tong cdng la 127 trang tren tong sd 196 trang vie't bdng chtr Han va cd ngi dung tuang ddi ddi mdi so vdi cac tac pham Han van ciing thdi Ddng thdi vdi cac van ban Han ciia Ddng Kinh NghTa Thuc, chiing tdi cdn khao sat cac van ban Tdn Thu, Tdn Vdn, nhu tac pham Viet Nam vong qudc su vdi ngi dung cua Phan Bdi Chau va ngudi chap biit la Luang Khai Sieu vdi dung lugng la 48 trang kho 14,5 x 20,5 cm, mgt sd tac pham khac ciia Khang Htiu Vi, Luang Khai Sieu nhu Thuyet tdn ddn, Tuyen tap Am bdng thdt da dugc tim thay d Dai Loan va Trung Qudc 3.2 Pham vi nghien cuu: Trong pham vi de tai nay, chiing tdi se lam rd anh hudng ciia Tdn thu Trung Qudc tdi ttr ngtr Han van Ddng Kinh NghTa Thuc dugc the hien d hai binh dien (1) Ngtr nghTa (ngi dung, cai dugc bieu dat) va (2) Hinh thai cau true Phuong phap nghien ciiru: - Van dung nhirng kie'n thiic Han van co de lam ca sd de phan loai tir, nhain manh vao dac diem tir mgt hinh vj bdng mdt am tie't bang mdt tir dan bang mgt tu - Phuang phap thu hai dugc van dung la phan tich dong dai ddng Phan tfch dong dai ddng mpt nhat cdt thdi gian, nhung chii y den nhirng nhan to bie'n doi ngdn ngtr su phat trien ciia giai doan dd - Trong mdt muc nhat djnh cd phan tfch tir ngtr mdi quan he vdi van hoa va lich sir Ddng gop cua de tai: 5A.Ve ly ludn: •^ -? Han ngtr la mgt nhirng ngdn ngii co xua nhat tren the gidi, ngdn ngir viet cua nd da tirng cd nhtrng anh hudng ldn tdi cac nudc xung quanh nhu Nhat Ban, Han Qud'c va Viet Nam Nhtrng qudc gia nay, bao luu mgt sd lugng ldn tir mugn tir tie'ng Han va ngdn ngir viet cua tie'ng Han Cho nen, D6 tai ndm ITnh vuc ma Trung Qud'c va cac nudc khu vuc quan tam nghien cuu dd la nghien cuu Han van ngoai Trung Qudc Vl mat ngdn ngii hgc, chua cd cd cdng trinh nao dc cap den mgt each he thdng, day la ldn ddu tien cac tac pham Han van Viet Nam dugc dua nghien ciiu xem xet tir gdc ngdn ngtr hgc Vdi ket qua nghien ciiu gdp phdn lam ro mdi lien quan gitra Han van Dong Kinh NghTa Thuc vdi Han van Tdn thu a Trung Qudc duang thdi Dd la su tiep thu (do tiep xiic) cau true cung nhu phong each ngdn ngtr 5.2 Ve thuc tiin: Nghien cuu nhtrng tac pham viet bdng chu Han ciia Dong Kinh NghTa Thuc each day gan mdt the ky la mgt viec lam quan trgng Dilu dd giup chiing ta khai thac ke thira, phat huy nhtrng tinh hoa di san van hda van ciia dan tgc Mat khac, viec nghien cuu tir ngfr tren cac van ban Han van Ddng Kinh NghTa Thuc giiip cho chiing ta xac lap nhung tir ngtr mugn tir tieng Han giai doan giai doan cd nhieu bien chuyin xa hpi va ca ngdn ngu d Viet Nam Npi dung va nhiem vu nghien cihi: De tai gom chuang nhu sau: Chuang 1: Tiep xiic ngdn ngir Han viet va Han van d Vidt Nam Chuang 2: Hoan canh ddi cac tac phdm Han van Ddng Kinh NghTa Thuc Chuang 3: Nhung anh hudng cua Tan van the tdi ttr ngir Han van Ddng Kinh Nghia Thuc CHUONG TIEP XUC NGON NGCHAN VIET VA HAN VAN VIET NAM Do quan he tiep xiic lau ddi vl nhilu mat van hda, chfnh trj gitra Viet Nam va Trung Qudc nen Viet Nam da vay mugn mdt bd phan tir, ngir khdng nhd tir tieng Han De phuc vu cho viec nghien ciiu anh hudng cua Tdn thu Trung Qudc tdi Han van Ddng Kinh NghTa Thuc, dl tai se danh Chirang mgt dl lam rd mgt so ca sd ly luan va thuc tiln cho viec nghien ciiu 1.1.TIE? XUC NGON NGLTHAN VA VIET l.Ll Ly thuyet tiep xuc ngdn ngU 1.1.1.1 Tiep xiic ngon ngii Thuat ngil "tie'p xiic ngdn ngii" Andre' Martinet dua ddu tien Ngay khai niem tiep xiic ngdn ngu dugc su dung la: Hien tugng "xay ngudi (ca nhan hay tap the) sir dung hai hay nhilu ngdn ngtr Nd xuat hien cd hien tugng song ngtr hay da ngti*, nguyen nhan dja If hay kinh te, chfnh trj, quan su hoac van hda, xa hdi Tiep xiic ngdn ngir la mdt hien tugng phd bien cua mgi ngdn ngu, bien tren the gidi " [23; 10] Tie'p xiic ngdn ngir la mot nhtrng van dl chii yeu ciia giao luu nhan loai va tiep xiic ngon ngii* gitra cac dan tdc theo nghTa rdng, thuc chat la tie'p xiic van hda Mac dii mdi quan he gitra ngdn ngti* va van hda la mdt van dl phuc tap, nhung cd the nhan thay ngdn ngtr vtra la mgt bd phan ciia van hda lai vira la cdng cu truyin tai van hda Vi the, cd thl cho rdng: tiep xiic ngdn ngii" la mdt phuang dien ciia ciia tiep xuc van hda, va su tiep xiic gitra cac ngdn ngir la mdt mat ciia qua trinh lan tda va tiep xiic van hda Thuc tiln da chirng minh, bat cii* ngdn ngu nao tren the gidi, dac biet la cac ngdn ngii* phat triln, qua trinh hinh va phat trien ciia minh ciing da thu hiit rat nhilu yeu td ciia ngdn ngir khac Cac ngdn ngii* nay, khdng sg tiep xiic vdi cac ngdn ngtr khac va cung khdng sg cac ngdn ngu khac thay the nd Mac dii cd hien tugng mdt ngdn ngu "ap birc mdt ngdn ngtr khac", cung cd liic khd tranh khoi "thuang tfch ddy minh" (con ggi la d nhiim ngdn ngir), nhung ngon ngtr bi "ap biirc" vdn ton tai Cho nen viec vay mugn, tiep nhan ye'u td ciia cac ngdn ngir khac la mdt hien tugng mang tfnh qui luat Theo Ed Ward Sapir: "Ngdn ngir, gidng nhu van hda, ft tu chiing da day dii, nhu cdu giao luu da khien cho nhtrng ngudi ndi mdt ngdn ngtr nao dd tiep xiic true tie'p hay gian tiep vdi nhtmg ngudi ndi nhirng ngdn ngu* lan can hay cd uu the vl mat van hda Sir giao luu cd the cd tfnh cha't huu nghj hay thu djch Nd cd the diln tren binh dien binh thudng cua nhung quan he kinh doanh hay budn ban, hoac cd the la mgt su vay mugn hay trao doi nhirng gia tri tinh thdn, nghe thuat, khoa hgc, tdn giao " [114; 237] Theo tong ke't ciia Nguyin Van Khang, ban chat cua viec tiep xiic ngdn ngii, hudng tac ddng xay tiep xiic ngon ngir va cac hinh thiic bien the cua tiep xiic ngdn ngtr nhu sau [23; 20-25]: " a Bdn chdt cua tiep xiic ngdn ngir: Tiep xuc ngdn ngu vl ban chat la hgc ngdn ngu* Khi hai hoac han hai ngon ngti* ciing tdn tai bg nao ciia mdt ngudi thi se tao sir tie'p xiic Do vay, sir tie'p xiic ngdn ngii bdt ddu tir hgc tap Loai nay, gom hai ngi ham: (1) Su tiep xiic d mat cau triic hay cdn ggi la su tiep xiic ndi bd ngon ngii Day chfnh la mdi quan he tuang tac, sir tac ddng ldn va anh hudng ldn giua hai hoac han hai ngdn ngii bd dc ciia mgt ngudi Tiep xiic lam sinh anh hudng vl mat cau triic He qua ciia sir tie'p xiic la su vay mugn hay su tham thau cac phdn cting nhu cac phuang thuc, tham chf lam thay ddi cac quy tdc, thay ddi he thdng va cau triic, den mLi:c cd the gay nen su pha trgn giua hai ngdn ngtr lam sinh mgt ngdn ngii' mdi; (2) Su tiep xiic ben ngoai ciia ngdn ngti*, hay cdn ggi la sir tiep xiic d mat uug dung Dd la viec mgt ngudi sir dung hai hoac han hai ngdn ngtf, lam nen hien tugng da ngtf sir dung (thay the hoac ciing sir dung) Trong qua trinh hgc va sir dung ngdn ngtf, ngudi ta thudng sir dung dan xen cac yeu id ciia hai ngdn ngtf de giao tiep Neu each giao tiep lai dugc md rdng ca cdng dong ndi nang thi se xay tinh trang xuat hien cac yeu td ciia ngon ngif (thudng la ngdn ngif ca sd) dugc ''cd dinh" ngdn ngtf (thudng la ngdn ngtf dfch) Nhu vay, viec tiep xiic ngdn ngtf da lam sinh hien tugng vay mugn 10 M ^ chinh te (2) Mgt sd ft khac cd cau triic khac: ^ ^ thdt gia va ^ ^ gia thdt - chfnh phu S S qudc ddn va S S ddn qudc- chfnh phu i^^ du tu - phu gia (3) Cac dang tdn tai ciia nhifng tir ngii cd trat tu ngu id khong cd djnh Nhtfng lir khdng dn dinh trat tu ngii id ma chiing ldi lim thay Qudc ddn doe bdn, Tdn dinh ludn ly gido khoa thu, Viet Nam vong qudc nd phu cd nhifng trudng hgp sau: Mdt sd lir vdn cdn dugc sir dung lieng Han nhung nghia da thay ddi; Mdt sd Irudng hgp mdl hai tir da bien mat lieng Han hien dai; Cd nhifng irudng hgp ca hai diu bj dao thai ca lieng Han hien dai Co thl phan tfch chiing cac loai dudi day: (-) AB va BA nghia nhu nhau, cd dai, can dai va hien dai diu dimg NghTa lie'ng Viet khdng cd su khac biet: Vf du: S ^ chinh teva ^ M te chinh; ^ ^ binh sinh va ^ ^ sinh binh (-) Ca hai hinh thifc: AB va BA diu dugc bao luu NghTa ciia AB va BA tuong ddng cd, can dai Han ngtf Vf du: T l ^ ddu tranh va ^ n tranh ddu tuong ddng cd, can dai Han ngtf: Nhung nghTa tie'ng Viet hien dai khdng cd sir khac biet Nhung nghTa hien dai Han ngtf da thay ddi hoac cac lir loai khac nhau: - NghTa cd dai Han ngif nhu Vf du: f^!^ j^i^ jyanh: I x ^ H ^ thiet bdt ddu tranh $$#^T- 1 ^ Hdn Phi Tu - Hien hgc • ^ r i tranh ddu: ^^m^^^Ht^^tl^^^o Ban nguyet tien cdnh hdu tranh ddu tuang dd dich su irong f o ; ^ ^ ^ 73 [H] Hdng lau mgng - Hdi 73 - Thay ddi cac tir loai khac Han ngtf hien dai, Vf du: 88 • g^W ngd ngdn la danh lir, Wfp ngdn ngu la ddng lir - NghTa Han ngif hien dai da thay ddi: • I S S qudc ddn va S d ddn qudc (chi Trung Hoa Dan Qudc 1912-1949) Loai cdn cd^-T-^^eri/va^l^ tude (-) AB va BA deu dimg cd, can dai Han ngtf nhung hien dai Han ngtf chi bao luu AB cdn BA da bj dao thai hoac chi dugc bao luu phuang ngif Loai tuong ddi nhilu, gdm: S ^ qudc gia khdng cd ^ @ gia qudc fu3^ hiem nguy khdng cd Infu nguy hiem ^ i ^ phdp lugt khdng cd Wi^ lugt phdp ^ ^ sinh tu khong CO ^ ^ tusinh #3/^ hi hoan khdng cd J^ M- hoan hi Mdt sd fl BA dugc bao luu phuang ngu : 5^ ^ hoan hi dugc bao luu phuong ngii Ngd d Thugng Hai Trong lieng Viet hien dai loai tuong ddi phiic tap Nd ldn tai d nhtfng dang sau: - Chi cdn d dang AB khdng cd d dang BA Vf du: A S nhdn ddn khong eo S A ddn nhdn ' Cdn ca d dang AB va BA Vf du: fu^^^ hiem nguy va ^kfa nguy hiem; 'ii:^ phdp lugt va t^i'i lugt phdp - Chi cd d dang BA khdng cd dang AB Vf du: YK # hoan hi khdng cd ^f^ hihoan (-) Ca AB va BA diu dung cd, can dai nhung Han ngif hien dai da bien mat hoac rat ft gap, sd lugng ft Vi du khong cdn 'MW- thdt gia va WM 89 gia thdt Han ngif hian dai Trong lie'ng Viet hien dai, cdn tdn tai dang AB Vf du: W-^ gia thdt, khdng cdn d dang BA Vf du: ^W thdt gia Qua khao sat trat tu khdng cd djnh ciia cac trat tu ngif tac pham chiing tdi di den ke't luan sau: - Cac tir ngif thdi can dai da dugc mugn vao lieng Viet qua cac van ban chtf Han cua ngudi Viet, hay ndi mgl each khac cac van ban Han van Viet Nam la mdt chiec cdu chuyen ngif de vdn lir ngif dd di vao lieng Viet Khi vao lie'ng Viet nhtfng tir dugc bao luu ca d hai dang AB va BA khdng cd gi khac vf du: fe|5# hiem nguy va |^:/G] nguy hiem, i i ^ phdp lugt va ^ ? i lugt phdp, ^W sinh td va '^^ tu sinh, fpB" ngd ngdn va M*f§ ngdn ngd dd d Trung Qudc nd da bj thay ddi, hoac mdl sd tir dugc bao luu tieng Viet hien dai, vf du nhu: WM gia thdt, J^K ^- hoan hi nhung da bj dao thai d lieng Han hien dai v.v Day la mdt vdn dl mang lfnh khu vuc, dang dl Viet Nam va Trung Qudc cimg quan tam nghien ciiu 90 TIEU KET Qua khao sat tir ngtf cua Han van Ddng Kinh NghTa Thuc cho thay ca cau triic va ngii nghia diu bj anh hudng bdi Tdn thu Trung Qudc duong thdi Bilu hien ciia nd d viec cd rdt nhilu lir ngif cu dugc md rpng nghTa; rat nhilu lir ngfl* mdi xuat hie cac tac pham; ttr song liel chie'm ly le ldn ttr da liet; tir ghep chfnh phu chiem da phdn tir ghep song liel; su xual hien cua lir phu gia v.v Ttr ngoai lai la kel qua ciia viec liep xiic giifa cac nin van hda khac nhau, giifa cac ngdn ngu* khac Qua nhifng lir ngif mdi mugn vao giai doan cho chiing la bie't mgt dilu: Viet Nam duong thdi dang hgc tap van hda mdi cua phuong Tay qua Trung Qud'c Tir vung la mdt he thd'ng phan anh mgl each rat mau le nhat ddi vdi su bien ddi cua van hda va xa hdi, dd dac biel va rd rang nhal la lir vay mugn Tuy nhu'ng lir mdi dugc mugn vao Viet Nam qua cac van ban Tdn thu cixa Trung Qudc, Viet Nam khdng phai la noi sang lao chiing, nhung chiing vdn phan anh mgt canh quan van hda mdi, mgt su bien ddi xa hdi ciia Viet Nam cudi the ky XIX dau the ky XX Cach vie'l dting nhilu lir mdi lac pham da the hien mdt nhu'ng xu the ddi mdi ciia Ddng Kinh NghTa Thuc Nhutig lir mdi khac vdi cac van ban Han van - Van ngdn Viet Nam thdi cd trung dai nay, da mang den mdl dien mao mdi cho Han van can dai cua Viet Nam Day chfnh la anh hudng ciia Han van Trung Qudc vdi dac dilm ndi bat la sir dung nhilu tir mdi Anh hudng ddu tien tir sach vd sau dd anh hudng ngoai ddi sdng va dugc dung phd bie'n, rdng rai loan xa hdi 91 KET LUAN H^ qua ciia viec tiep xiic Han va Viet da mang de'n cho tieng Viet nhutig yeu id ngdn ngu* mdi, dd cd lir vung Day la ndi dung quan trgng ciia liep xiic song ngii, song van hda Han va Viet ndi chung va van dl vay mugn tif vung tieng Han tieng Viet Tan thu Tan van vdi ldi viet Tan van the la khdng chi cdng d Trung Qud'c ma nd cdn cd nhung anh hudng rat sau rong, dac biet la d Viet Nam Cac nha Nho qua tiep thu tu ludng tan, da viet them cho ljch sir Viet Nam nhu'ng trang mdi Ngdn ngu* the hien Tan thu Tan van da cd nhu'ng anh hudng ldn den ngdn ngif Viet Nam budi giao thdi Au - A Nhfltig van ban Han van ciia Ddng Kinh NghTa Thuc liep thu tu ludng ciia Tdn thu nen ngdn ngtf cung cd nhu*ng anh hudng nhat djnh Vi vay nhu*ng van ban khdng chi cd gia trj vl khoa hgc, ljch sir, van hda ma vl mat ngdn ngu* hgc cung cho la thdy nhu'ng van di ma ttr trudc den chiing ta chua chii y nghien Cliu Trong Di tai, chiing ldi da budc ddu tim hilu van dl Nhifng van ban Han van ciia Ddng Kinh NgliTa Thuc ndi rieng cung nhu nhifng van ban Han van cua Viet Nam giai doan la chiec cdu ndi cue ky quan trgng de tie'p thu tir ngfl- mdi vao tie'ng Viet lir lie'ng Han Bg phan tir ngii khdng nhilu, nhung chiing cd vai trd khdng nhd vdn tir vung Viet Nam, nd gdp phdn danh dau mgt budc ngoat dang chii y su hinh phat triln thuat ngif he thd'ng lir vung tieng Viet cung nhu phan anh budc chuyin bien tu tudng xa hgi cua Viet Nam thdi bay gid 92 THAM KHAO TAI LIEU Tieng Viet Diep Quang Ban (2004), Ngu Phdp tieng Viet, Nxb Giao due Ha Ndi Dd Hun Chau {\991),Td vung ngd nghTa tieng Viet, Nxb Dai hgc Qud'c gia, Ha Ndi Db Hun Chau (1997), Ca sd ngu nghTa hgc td vung, Nxb Nxb Giao due, Ha Ngi Mai Nggc Chir - chu bien (2001), Cdc ngdn ngd phuang Ddng, Nxb Dai hgc Qud'c gia Ha Ndi Nguyin Tai Can (1998), Thu phdn ky 12 theky cua tieng Viet Tap chf Ngdn ngu- sd 6, Vien Ngdn ngif Ha Ndi Nguyin Tai Can (1975), Ngd phdp tieng Viet tieng - td ghep - dodn ngd; Nxb Dai hgc va trung hgc chuyen nghiep Ha Ngi Nguyin Tai Cdn (1979), Ngudn gdc va qud trinh hinh thdnh cdch dgc Hdn Viet, Nxb Khoa hgc Xa hgi Ha Npi Nguyin Tai Can (1995), Gido trinh lich sdngddm ndng Viet, Nxb Giao due Ha Npi Nguyin Tai Can (2000), Mot sd chirng tich ve ngdn ngd, vdn tu vd vdn hod, Nxb Dai hpc Qudc gia Ha Ndi 10 Nguyin Tai Can, N.V Xtankevich (1982), Nhan xet sa bg ve mot vdi ddc diem ngdn ngd vdn xudi the ky XIX, Tap chf Ngon ngtf sdi, Vien Ngdn ngu' Ha Npi 11 Mai Ngpc Chir, Vu Diic Nghieu, Hoang Trpng Phien (1997), Ca sd ngdn ngu hgc vd tieng Viet; Nxb Giao due, Ha Npi 12 Huynh Tjnh Ciia (1896), Dgi Nam Qudc dm tu vi Nxb Van-Hifu 43, Saigdn 93 13 Dai Hgc Qud'c Gia Ha Ndi trudng Dai hgc Khoa hgc Xa hdi va Nhan van (1997), Tdn thu vd xd hdi Viet Nam cudi the'ky XIX ddu theky XX, Nxb Chinh trj qud'c gia, Ha Ndi 14 Tr^n Tri Ddi, Vdn de cha vie't nhin tit gdc lich su tieng Viet, http://ngonngu.net/index.php?fld=nnh&sub=nguam&pst=cv_lstv_01 15 Nguydn Thien Giap (1996), Tur vd Nhdn dien tii- tie'ng Viet, Nxb Giao due Ha Ndi 16 Nguydn Thien Giap, Khdi qudt ve su hinh thdnh vd phdt trien cua Viet nga hgc, http://ngonngu.net/index.php?fld=tiengviet&sub=lichsu&pst=lstv_ntg 17 Nguydn Thien Giap, Doan Thien Thuat, Nguydn Minh Thuye't (1997), Ddn ludn ngon nga hgc, Nxb Giao due Ha Ndi 18 Nguydn Quang Hdng (1993), Am tie't vd loqi hinh ngdn nga Nxb Dai hgc Qud'c gia Ha Ndi, Ha Ndi 19 Nguydn Van Hdng ( 2001), Md'y vdn de ve lich silt Chdu A va lich sU Viet Nam mgt cdch nhin, Nxb Giao due Ha Ndi 20 Pham Van Khoai (2001), Mgt sdvdn de cha Hdn the ky XX, Nxb Dai hgc Qud'c gia Ha Ndi, Ha Ndi 21 Pham Van Khoai, Mgt sdvdn de ve Hdn vdn Viet Nam nua cudi the ky XIX- ddu the'ky XX, (2005) De tai dac biet cap dai hgc Qudc gia ma sd: QG.0313, HaNdi 22 Nguyan Van Khang (2006) Td ngoai lai tie'ng Viet, Nxb Giao due, Ha Ndi 23 Nguyin Van Khang (1994), Binh dien vdn hod ngon ngu xd hgi cua thdnh ngu gdc Hdn tieng Viet, Tap chi Van hoa Dan gian sd 94 24 Le Dinh Kh^n (2001), Mdt sd cdch thac Viet hod cdc dan vi gdc Hdn tieng Viet, Luan an tie'n si ngir van, Dai hgc Khoa hgc xa hdi va Nhan van, Dai hgc Qud'c gia Tp Hd Chi Minh 25 Vuong Ldc (1970), Ngudn gdc mgt sd ye'u td md't nghTa ta ghep ddng lap Tap chi Ngdn ngir sd 2, Vien Ngdn ngtr Ha Ndi 26 Dinh Xuan Lam (chu bien); Nguydn Van Khanh; Nguydn Dinh Ll, Dqi cuang lich saViet Nam - tap II (1998), Nxb Giao due, Ha Ndi 27 Vuong Luc (1985), Mot vdi ket qud viec khdo sdt ta Hdn-Viet cd Tap chl 28 Dang Thai Mai (1974) Vdn tha cdch mang Viet Nam ddu the'ky XX, Nxb Van hgc, Ha Ndi Ngdn ngir sd 3, Ha Ndi 29 Vu Duong Ninh, Nguyin Van Hdng (1998), Lich su the gicri can dqi, Nxb Van hoa Dan tdc, Ha Ndi 30 Ly Nhac Nghj (1998), Tim ve cgi ngudn cha Han, Nxb The gidi, Ha Ndi 31 N.V Xtankevich (1982), Loai hinh cdc ngon nga, Nxb Dai hoc va Trung hgc chuyen nghiep Ha Ndi 32 Nguyin Phu Phong (2001), Nhang vd'n de nga phap tie'ng Viet, Nxb Dai hgc Qudc gia Ha Ndi 33 Nguyin Anh Que (1988), Hu td tieng Viet hien dqi, Nxb Khoa hgc xa hdi Ha Ndi 34 Dang Dire Sieu (1995), Nga vdn Hdn Nom tap I, Nxb Giao due, Ha Ndi 35 Tran Dinh Sir (1999), Td Hdn Viet gdc Nhdt lie'ng Viet, Tap chi Han Ndm sd 2, Vien Han Ndm, Ha Ndi 36 Chuong Thau (1997), Dong Kinh NghTa Time vd phong trdo cdi cdch vdn hod ddu theky XX, Nxb Van hoa - Thdng tin Ha Ndi 95 37 Nguyin Kim Than chii bien (1996), Ta dien Hdn - Viet Men dqi, Nxb The'gidi Ha Ndi 38 Le Quang Thidm (1989), Nghien cOu ddi chieu cdc ngdn ngu, Nxb Dai hgc va trung hgc chuyen nghiep Ha Ndi 39 Le Quang Thiem (2001), Md'y vdn de ngdn nga vdn bdn Ddng Kinh NghTa Thuc, Tap chi Ngdn ngii sd 5, Vien Ngdn ngii, Ha Ndi 40 Le Quang Thiem (2001), Budc chuyen cua td vung xd hgi - chinh tri tieng Viet 30 ndm ddu the'ky XX(1900 -1930), Tap chi Ngdn ngir sd 11, Vien Ngdn ngft, Ha Ndi 41 Le Quang Thiem (2003), Lich su ta vung tie'ng Viet thdi ky 1858-1945, Nxb Khoa hgc xa hdi Ha Ndi 42 Le Quang Thiem (1999), Thuat nga Viet Nam ddu the'ky XX mdi lien he vdi vdn hod vd phdt trien Tap chi khoa hgc xa hdi sd 6, Ha Ndi 43 Nguyin Thj Tan (2004), Thanh nga gdc Hdn tie'ng Viet, Tdm tat luan an tien si ngir van, Vien ngdn ngii" hgc, Vien Khoa hgc Xa hdi Viet Nam 44 Tii sach Viet Nam II (1997), Vdn tha Dong Kinh NghTa Thuc, Nxb Van hoa Ha Ndi 45 Trudng Dai hgc Khoa hoc xa hdi va Nhan van (1997), Tdn rhu vd xd hgi Viet Nam cudi the'ky XIX- ddu the'ky XX, Nxb Chinh trj qudc gia, Ha Ndi 46 Uy ban Khoa hgc Xa hdi Viet Nam (1983), Ngd phdp tieng Viet, Nxb Khoa hgc Xa hdi, Ha Ndi 47 Trieu Hdng Van (1994), Budc ddu tim hieu ve sU chuyen bie'n y nghTa cua taHdn Viet, Luan van tdt nghiep cir nhan ngdn ngCr Khoa Ngir van trirdng Dai hgc Qudc gia Ha Ndi, Ha Ndi 96 48 Robert Lado (2002), Ngdn ngd hgc qua cdc nen vdn hod, Hoang Van van dich, Nxb Dai hpc Qud'c Gia, Ha Npi 49 John Lyons (1995), Ngd nghTa hgc, Nguyin Van Hiep djch theo nguyen ban tieng Anh "Linguistic Semantics - An Introduction" Cambridge University Press 50 Ferdinand De Saussure (1973), Gido trinh ngdn ngd hgc dgi cuang, To ngdn ngii hpc Khoa Ngii van Trudng Dai hpc Tong hgp Ha Ngi djch, Nxb Khoa hgc xa hdi, Ha Ndi Tieng Anh 51 De Francis John (1977), Colonialism and Language Policy in Vietnam The Hague - Pari - New York Tieng Nga 52 C E ^xoHTOB (1965), JJueeHeKumaUcKuii nsbiK HaywHoe HaaaiejibCTBO AKaACMUH HayK CCCP, MocKsa Tieng Trung Qudc 53 ^mm;-^i^U^ i±^M);(mS)Mmn^ltimi 54 ^mm-^ -^ixm^ (TW); (msmmk-^n^mi 55 mmm: ^^ixm^m^mu: im4)itp.A^t^m± 56 i ^ : ^mmixmm±W: (2002) ^'-p^mwr.'i>mtti^^ 59 i ^ ; ^ixmm(m=^m): 60 i ^ ; ^immim^m-^ {2oo4)^ip^m^m's>^t^^& i2oo4)^^^^m^m'j>^ti^^ 97 61 ^ti: ^f^mmimmm): 62 mmmm^: ^tiscm (2oo4)^'-piim^m'j>miiw mAm-, (1991) 64 mm-jE, mmm, m.m^, mnm, II±M; [Mmmnimi ^ ^ i ^ # ; (1955)1^01^ 65 Sfj^;r1l^i5lHM3^ft(1995); :ft^y^^tH 66 |P^i.:i; i£{^4'^^^(±,Tffi); (1994)0igl^ 67 ^mn\ mm^-^m, (2000 ^i^Ep^t^ ^ = - s i M^mmm.\i\^'i^)mmkm 70 S0g;-fi-ftM^M?f5f^ii»^; 73 m^\ mixui^mcm%, (2002)n|na^M|4^^a:i (2oo4)4t^^^tHiS/F± 74 iPliH; g^l^; (1982)±r§A^m^5/T± 75 nm'^t^' s ^ e A ^ t ^ : m^^mn\^^' (i984)±r^sf^^it.5iF± 76 4^aiT±^f4^^i§mW5^mis]A^afi^^ = Slf^?Xi§M*, (1995) 77, 78 mmm, rnxm^m^nu^ {mA)M^.x^i^M± 98 79- ^m\ mm; (^995)m^mm^m^\^ti^]^^mi:$^ i ig^l* 80 ^mf±^m^m^mm^mnmmmM^^, 82 i A f i , M'^mmmm mixm^nm, (md) (i992)itp.±mtiim± 84 sKzp, mmmmmm, (2ooo)it^^mmBmmttim 85 itiTTf^, ^^^^^^^, (1985) ±m$mthm± 86 MMi;^^M^;giJIII^,^M^?*, (1999) Hilli¥»tHllS/l± 87 mjtm-MmiM^-.BMm.^mxmm, 88 jwisi^,-fi-ftrl pn :, (i9i5)^mm%^ti^m (l998)mmmii^mK± 89 ^ j ^ , ^ ^ i g ; tp^mmmm (2002) ^^a^/is^i 90 mnm^mmmsiit (1989)m^ti^m± 91 ^§M;?iffi^^^^M:5:^4i#S^^m (2004) ^h^grUlEA^^ IE (f±^nmm.) 2004 ^ sg 92 ^^^WrjEiXm^l.m^Mni'^^M, 93 sf^mm; m-^^u^mxmnm^mmj^ (1996) Mm:k^mM±mw (i994)m'jm!^m^ 94 ^ ^ , j < H , r £ ^ | ; ^ ^ ^ i § M r [ : ^ W ^ ^ - ' ^ w © ^ , (1995)4^[Sig3^ ^Jii±iS(1997) 99 96 ^JE'M:nX^\^mi^^^