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Chính sách phát triển Thành phố Đà Nẵng trở thành trung tâm động lực của vùng kinh tế trọng điểm Miền Trung.Chính sách phát triển Thành phố Đà Nẵng trở thành trung tâm động lực của vùng kinh tế trọng điểm Miền Trung.Chính sách phát triển Thành phố Đà Nẵng trở thành trung tâm động lực của vùng kinh tế trọng điểm Miền Trung.Chính sách phát triển Thành phố Đà Nẵng trở thành trung tâm động lực của vùng kinh tế trọng điểm Miền Trung.Chính sách phát triển Thành phố Đà Nẵng trở thành trung tâm động lực của vùng kinh tế trọng điểm Miền Trung.Chính sách phát triển Thành phố Đà Nẵng trở thành trung tâm động lực của vùng kinh tế trọng điểm Miền Trung.Chính sách phát triển Thành phố Đà Nẵng trở thành trung tâm động lực của vùng kinh tế trọng điểm Miền Trung.Chính sách phát triển Thành phố Đà Nẵng trở thành trung tâm động lực của vùng kinh tế trọng điểm Miền Trung.Chính sách phát triển Thành phố Đà Nẵng trở thành trung tâm động lực của vùng kinh tế trọng điểm Miền Trung.Chính sách phát triển Thành phố Đà Nẵng trở thành trung tâm động lực của vùng kinh tế trọng điểm Miền Trung.Chính sách phát triển Thành phố Đà Nẵng trở thành trung tâm động lực của vùng kinh tế trọng điểm Miền Trung.Chính sách phát triển Thành phố Đà Nẵng trở thành trung tâm động lực của vùng kinh tế trọng điểm Miền Trung.Chính sách phát triển Thành phố Đà Nẵng trở thành trung tâm động lực của vùng kinh tế trọng điểm Miền Trung.MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING MINISTRY OF HOME AFFAIRS NATIONAL ACADEMY OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION LÊ TỰ GIA THẠNH DEVELOPMENT POLICIES IN DANANG AS A DYNAMIC CENTER OF THE CENTRAL VIETNAM KEY ECON.
MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING MINISTRY OF HOME AFFAIRS NATIONAL ACADEMY OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION LÊ TỰ GIA THẠNH DEVELOPMENT POLICIES IN DANANG AS A DYNAMIC CENTER OF THE CENTRAL VIETNAM KEY ECONOMIC REGION Major: Public Administration Code: 34 04 03 SUMMARY OF DOCTORAL THESIS ON PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION Hanoi, 2023 MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING MINISTRY OF HOME AFFAIRS NATIONAL ACADEMY OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION LÊ TỰ GIA THẠNH DEVELOPMENT POLICIES IN DANANG AS A DYNAMIC CENTER OF THE CENTRAL VIETNAM KEY ECONOMIC REGION Major: Public Administration Code: 34 04 03 SUMMARY OF DOCTORAL THESIS ON PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION SUPERVISORS: Professor Dr Nguyễn Hữu Khiển Dr Hồ Kỳ Minh Hanoi, 2023 INTRODUCTION Rationale The Central Vietnam Key Economic Region (hereinafter called CVKER) has been established since 1997, comprising four provinces and cities, namely Thua Thien Hue, Danang, Quang Nam and Quang Ngai By 2004, Binh Dinh province was added to the CVKER Having an area of 2,788,400 hectare in its entirety, the CVKER is challenged by less fertile lands The provinces and cities as part of the CVKER are put at a disadvantage of harsh natural conditions, narrow terrains to the East and West, rivers and streams of shortness and steepness All those geographical constraints have been giving rise to floods and natural catastrophes in other manifestations, thereby constituting an impediment to sustainable economic development In addition to that, timely attention has failed to be paid to future pathways to strategic development in that “The Master plan for Socio-economic development of the CVKER until 2020” was not approved by the Prime Minister until 2014 After having been vigorously put in place, regional development trajectories and policies have been met with remarkable results In the past ten years, the Party Committees as well as provincial and municipal authorities in the CVKER has made tremendous endeavors, actively capitalizing on superior features of natural conditions, attracting further investments, and taking advantage of support networks offered by the Central Government in order to accelerate the socio-economic development Each constituent locality of the CVKER has progressively rid itself of underdevelopment and has benefited from a swift decrease in the poverty rate over years, especially in the mountainous and coastal areas The overall economic performance of the CVKER has gradually been stabilized in full adaptation to severe climatic conditions and natural disasters Numerous economic and industrial zones have been constructed and put into operation A handful of intense farming zones where sizeable output of crops and livestock serves the production and processing of exported agricultural products have started to emerge, which acts as the precursor to the formation of eco-tourism areas and coastal tourist areas of high quality The history of recent development, nevertheless, shows that being restricted to superior features of natural conditions with which a locality is endowed to adopt preferential policies and call for investment without establishing a strong and dynamic linkage among constituent localities to optimize limited resources in place, the CVKER is likely to be met with difficulties fostering regional development and competitiveness Despite great efforts, due to the lack of institutions and policies on economic development and regional linkage as well as mechanisms for regional coordination, regional linkages and socio-economic development performances among localities nationwide in general and in the CVKER in particular have still remained problematic For example, there has been a shortage of (1) medium- and short-term development plans for the region, (2) separate macro-regulatory and directional policies, (3) priority policies for the attraction of external and high-quality resources, and (4) detailed guiding documents for, ordinances or sanctions on the entity in charge of policy implementation Such limitations have adversely affected the rate at which and the progress by which policies are carried out, and the way in which cases of policy violations are settled In the attempt to build up a region of sustainable development which can be competitive enough with other regions, the centre in the CVKER should additionally be a contagious driving force and a growth pole for the regional development Danang, known for its potential and superiority of geographical position, is at the frontline to fulfill such a role According to the resolutions and policies stipulated by the Central Government, it has been identified as the center of the CVKER in that it (1) lies in the central part of Vietnam as a crucial position in both socio-economic terms and national defense, (2) establishes itself as a vital hub for transportation by road, rail, sea, and air, with the main gateway to the East Sea from the Central-based provinces, the Central Highlands, and the Mekong sub-region Danang is to be developed into one of the major cities of the country and a major socio-economic center of the Central region, functioning as (1) a center of industry, commerce, tourism, and services, (2) a seaport city providing an important traffic hub for domestic and international transshipment, (3) a center of post and telecommunications as well as finance and banking, (4) a center of culture and sports, education and training, science and technology of the Central region, and (5) an important strategic position for national defense and security of the Central region and the country However, according to the study by Le Van Dinh roughly translated as “For sustainable development of the CVKER” [19], it is suggested that existing restraints on the policy planning faced by the Central-based provinces and municipalities in general and Danang in particular are linked to the failure to capitalize on such aforementioned advantages The study specified the following restraints, including but not limited to (1) the guidelines and policies of constituent provinces and municipalities lagging far behind and being challenged by inconsistency, leading to the overlapping of industrial zones in those localities, (2) the linkages among those localities remaining either under-represented, spontaneous, or restricted to a specific project, and (3) lack of consistency in and cooperation on investment attraction policies by which the localities are merely driven by individual interests and short-term benefits without taking into account long-term benefits It is argued that for the CVKER to step on sustainable development, it is necessary to strengthen linkages and cooperation, rid itself of individual interests in each locality, and create a collective space towards the regional economic growth Taken together, the above analysis suggests that framing (a) general policies for robust growth in the CVKER, and (b) specific policies as a leverage and driving force for the development of Danang is warranted, meriting attention and timely implementation The Thesis entitled as “Development Policies in Danang as an urban dynamic center of the Central Vietnam Key Economic Region” aims to propose solutions to such urgent issues Aim and Objectives of the Thesis 2.1 Aim of the Thesis Based on doing the literature review, analysing regional conditions and the subject of the study, the Thesis set out to put forward future directions for and solutions to the policy on developing Danang into a dynamic center of the CVKER 2.2 Objectives of the Thesis - Synthesize the relevant literature on (a) the CVKER, (b) the policy on developing a city into a dynamic center of a key economic region; - Evaluating how the policy on developing Danang is performing, driven from the need to formulate it as a dynamic center of the CVKER; - Suggest possible solutions to developing Danang into a dynamic center of the CVKER Subject and Scope of the Thesis 3.1 Subject of the Thesis This study is intended to investigate (a) the system of policies on developing Danang, (b) policies on growing Danang into a dynamic center of the CVKER, (c) relevant problems and solutions 3.2 Scope of the Thesis 3.2.1 Temporal scope The Thesis investigated the policies on developing Danang since 1997 onwards, how the policies have been performing and possible solutions to future development 3.2.2 Thematic scope The Thesis on the investigation of socio-economic development policies on developing Danang into a dynamic center of the CVKER was conducted based on the following themes: (1) Reviewing prior works of research, both domestically and internationally, relating to policies on developing (a) an economic region, (b) a key economic region, (c) a dynamic center for a nationwide key economic region; (2) Establishing a theoretical framework for policies on developing a city into an urban dynamic center for a key economic region; (3) Investigating how policies on developing Danang are performing from the perspective of building up a dynamic center of the CVKER as a practical basis for policy implications in the followup sections; (4) Suggesting policy implications for developing Danang into a dynamic center of the CVKER in the future 3.2.3 Spatial scope The Thesis is limited to examining socio-economic factors of Danang and the CVKER whose basis for development is centralized to Danang Theoretical background and research methodology 4.1 Theoretical background The Thesis was grounded upon (1) dialectical materialism in real time and space, (2) logical and historical relationships, (3) causal relationships among research variables, and (4) the interpretation of issues in formulating policies on key economic regional development Delving into the main content, the Thesis employed the theories of public policy administration on (1) regional linkage, (2) growth poles, (3) the role of public administration in regional linkages and growth poles The Thesis was also based on the political ideology of the Vietnam Communist Party pertaining to the research topic 4.2 Research methology 4.2.1 Qualitative research approaches The Thesis adopted qualitative research approaches in its design, involving (a) secondary data analysis, and (b) in-depth and focusgroup interview 4.2.2 SWOT analysis The Thesis employed SWOT analyses of prior studies and of existing situation of the infrastructure and policies on developing Danang Based on that, the Thesis stated the gaps to be filled in and detailed potential opportunities to formulate policies on developing Danang into a dynamic center of the CVKER 4.2.3 Quantitative research approaches The Thesis involved the administering of a survey questionnaire to collect quantitative data SPSS was employed for statistical analyses Research questions and hypotheses 5.1 Research questions To fulfill the aim, the Thesis was guided by the following research questions: - On what basis is a policy formulated to develop a province and city into a dynamic center of a key economic region? - Why is it of importance to examine and frame policies on developing Danang into a dynamic center of the CVKER? - On which factors should the policies to develop Danang into a dynamic center of the CVKER be based? - How are the existing policies to develop Danang performing, considering the need to build it up as a dynamic center of the CVKER? - What are the future directions and core solutions to formulating policies on developing Danang as a dynamic center of the CVKER? 5.2 Research hypothesis It is hypothesized that the existing policies to develop Danang have failed to fulfill the needs and potentials to transform it into a dynamic center of the CVKER To support the hypothesis in practice, the Thesis was conducted from both theoretical and practical perspectives Policy implications were also drawn to address emerging problems in the existing policies, towards the goal of positioning Danang as an urban dynamic center of the CVKER Significant contributions of the Thesis 6.1 To the literature The Thesis contributed to synthesizing, expanding, and deepening the policies on developing Danang into a dynamic center of the CVKER It also specified what requirements should be met in order for the polices on building up Danang as a dynamic center of the CVKER to be workable Moreover, to determine whether a city can be identified as a dynamic center for a key economic region, a new checklist of criteria was created and applied to analyse how the existing policies on developing Danang as an urban dynamic center for the CVKER have been performing 6.2 To practice The Thesis provided a comprehensive evaluation of policies on developing Danang, in light of the emergent need to transform it into a dynamic center of the CVKER A line of reasoning was also established for reforms to and fulfillment of the policy system in place to develop Danang into a dynamic center of the CVKER Not limited to that, some implications were drawn to rectify the policy system in developing Danang into a dynamic center of the CVKER Overview and Structure of the Thesis 7.1 Overview of the Thesis Chapter reviews previous studies, giving an overview of (a) notable research, both domestically and internationally, on special and free economic zones worldwide, (b) theories and practices on establishing an urban dynamic center for economic regions in a country Based on that, the author generates similar codes and themes that can be inherited and further extrapolated to overcome existing constraints to framing policies on developing a city into a dynamic center for a key economic region in general and Danang into a dynamic center of the CVKER in particular Chapter elaborates on the theoretical background, relevant literature and practices, and key concepts of the Thesis It includes (a) the working concepts that serve as the theoretical background for public administration on the development of a dynamic center in a key economic region, (b) the working definition of an urban dynamic center, a key economic region, a policy on building up a dynamic center of a key economic region In this chapter, a checklist of criteria is also (a) developed to determine whether a city can be viewed as a dynamic center of a key economic region, and (b) applied to construct a survey questionnaire administered to evaluate Danang in the light of its role as an urban dynamic center of a key economic region It therefore serves as theoretical and practical bases informing subsequent chapters Chapter synthesizes the current situation of Danang This chapter provides a comprehensive and updated evaluation of natural, infrastructural, and socio-economic conditions in Danang that are unarguably the sound justifications for building up Danang as a dynamic center of the CVKER Alongside the above-mentioned conditions, a full list of available policies on developing Danang into a dynamic center of the CVKER is also reviewed, upon which their 11 an economic region and a key economic region The literature review is divided into two main parts examining previous studies in domestic and international contexts separately 1.2 Previous studies of provincial and municipal economic development policies into a dynamic center of a key economic region This section reports previous studies on policy formulation by which a locality develops into an urban dynamic center of an economic region The literature review comprises research and lessons learned from different countries in the world and research conducted in domestic contexts CONCLUSION OF CHAPTER It is suggested that development policies of an economic region, a key economic region and a city as a dynamic center of an economic region have been extensively researched by scholars and leaders in both domestic and international contexts The previous studies have informed the Thesis in the following ways: (1) Statistical results on the scale and the resulting policy efficiency of SEZs and FEZs in such countries as China, America and India are a testament to the compelling need to envision developing a city into a dynamic center of a key economic region as not only an indispensable part of development but also the fastest path to economic development and political stability in an undeveloped region (2) A theoretical background and various approaches to urban and city development policies have been informed in cultural, socio- 12 economic and environmental terms (3) A rich set of secondary data has formed a basis upon which the Thesis made comparisons and contrasts to evaluate the development policies in Danang throughout a course of history The primary data informing the Thesis only reflected the situation at the moment or over the past few years (4) Formulating policies that benefit a SEZ, FEZ or a city as a dynamic center of a key economic region is decisive to whether success can be gained in forming or fulfilling its own role Policies should be developed in accordance with each individual region and country; and there should be no one-size-fits-all policy for any group of over two subjects Due to different research focuses, the prior studies, however, have not examined or investigated in depth policy-related issues pertaining to the growth of Danang into a dynamic center of the CVKER That has left many research gaps that should be addressed from the following perspectives: Firstly, scant attention has been paid to the theoretical basis of framing policies on developing a dynamic city in a key economic region The drawn implications for this concept have yet to be wellunderstood, because of discrepant viewpoints or biases specific to certain areas of research Previous studies have not elaborated on the role of public administration in formulating policies on developing a city into a dynamic center of a key economic region, not to mention the lack of basic contents of policies and a checklist of criteria by which development policies of a locality can be evaluated to determine whether it qualifies as an urban dynamic center of a key economic 13 region This gap is to be addressed in Chapter Secondly, the practical basis of evaluating the policy on developing Danang as a municipal dynamic of the CVKER has not been fully scrutinized in previous studies This gap is to be addressed in Chapter Thirdly, examining the areas of development policies in Danang are only restricted to one or a handful of policies Given the necessity of developing Danang into a dynamic center of the CVKER, a system of synchronous measures is warranted instead of adopted measures specific to each locality This gap is to be addressed in Chapter 14 CHAPTER THEORETICAL BACKGROUND ON DEVELOPMENT POLICIES OF A CITY INTO A DYNAMIC CENTER OF A KEY ECONOMIC REGION This chapter presents a body of working theories as a theoretical and practical basis for formulating policies to develop a city into a dynamic center of a key economic region Firstly, an overview is provided on working definitions of (a) an economic region and the theory of regional linkages, (b) a key economic region and the theory of growth poles, (c) policies and policies contextualized in a key economic region Secondly, the theoretical background is established on (a) working definitions of an urban area and an urban dynamic center, (b) the role of policy in developing an urban dynamic center of a key economic region, (c) the goals to achieve in formulating policies on developing an urban area into a dynamic center of a key economic region, (d) detailed policies and their role in developing an urban dynamic center of a key economic region To propose appropriate policies and have contextual underpinnings upon which the policies are suggested, the author constructs a checklist of criteria against which policies on developing an urban area into a dynamic center of a key economic region is evaluated The final section in this chapter delineates the role of public administration in framing policies on developing an urban dynamic center of a key economic region 2.1 An economic region, a key economic region and policies on developing a key economic region This section reports conceptual knowledge of the thesis It includes working definitions of (a) an economic region and the theory of regional linkages, (b) a key economic region and the theory of growth poles, (c) policies and policies contextualized in a key economic region 2.2 An urban dynamic center of a key economic region and 15 development policies This section first defines an urban dynamic center of a key economic region, polices on developing an urban dynamic center of a key economic region, and the role of the polices Following that, polices on developing an urban dynamic center of a key economic region are detailed as to their role, target and key contents There are five main goals for the formulation of development policies for a dynamic urban center of a key economic region: (1) to rectify the system of policies consistently from the central to local levels; (2) to maximize the geographical, economic and political potential of the urban area nominated as a dynamic urban center of a key economic region; (3) to establishing the economic and political center of the region containing all the quintessence of economic fields and potential economic sectors, forming a region-wide and interregional economic network to spread the quintessence of scientific knowledge to the whole region and collect practical knowledge to continuously make appropriate improvements; (4) to ensuring regional and inter-regional linkages in a holistic economy; (5) to ensure public administration, improve the efficiency of public administration of the region while minimizing wastes and inefficiencies in economic administration There are six policies for the formulation of policies on developing an urban dynamic center of a key economic region: (1) policies on modern and spearhead economic development; (2) financial investment policies; (3) policies on urban technical and social infrastructure; (4) science and technology development policies; (5) policies on education, training and human resource development; (6) policies on strengthening regional linkages and growth poles 16 2.3 Evaluation of policies on developing an urban dynamic center of a key economic region This section examines approaches to evaluating policies on developing an urban dynamic center The evaluation criteria are as follows: (a) economic development dynamism as contributors to regional economic development, (b) center of dynamism in scientific and technological development, (c) center of dynamism in educational, medical, cultural, and social development, (d) regional linkage dynamism This section concludes with the application of the evaluation criteria into the context of Danang, which informs a practical basis for the following chapters 2.4 The role of public administration in formulating policies intended for developing an urban dynamic center of a key economic region This section delineates the role of public administration in formulating policies and provides thorough analyses on the role of public administration in constructing, introducing, and implementing polices pertaining to developing an urban dynamic center of a key economic region CONCLUSION OF CHAPTER Chapter provided theoretical and practical underpinnings on an urban dynamic center of a key economic region Firstly, this chapter details the definitions of (a) an economic region – the theory of regional linkages, (b) a key economic region – the theory of growth poles, (c) policies and regional development policies Secondly, this chapter provides a theoretical underpinning on defining an urban area and an urban dynamic center of a key economic region, the role, targets and key contents of policy development for an urban dynamic 17 center of a key economic region To provide a closer look into the reality of existing policies for an urban dynamic center of a key economic region, this chapter also underpins a checklist of criteria by which policies on developing an urban dynamic center are evaluated and the role of an urban dynamic center is evaluated, based on the theories of regional linkages and growth poles The chapter concludes with theoretical background on public administration in constructing an urban dynamic center of a key economic region Results of this study are theoretical basis on formulating policies intended for developing an urban dynamic center of a key economic region Such contents can be employed as an overarching theory for formulating policies for an urban dynamic center of a key economic region This theoretical framework can be applied to Chapter and Chapter in evaluating the reality and formulating policies for developing Danang as a dynamic center of the CVKER 18 CHAPTER CURRENT SITUATION ON DEVELOPMENT POLICIES IN DANANG FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF DEVELOPING AN URBAN DYNAMIC CENTER OF THE CENTRAL VIETNAM KEY ECONOMIC REGION This chapter starts by providing a description of natural and socioeconomic characteristics of Danang The analysis of current situation is then conducted while the root cause of limitations to development policies in Danang is identified from the perspective of developing an urban dynamic center of the CVKER 3.1 An overview on natural and socio-economic conditions in Danang This section reviews natural and socio-economic conditions in Danang to prove that it is well-suited to and holistically potential to develop into an urban dynamic center of the CVKER The city not only acts as the propulsion of regional linkages but also as a leverage motivating intra- and inter-regional growth at the same time 3.2 Current situation on development policies in Danang from the perspective of developing an urban dynamic center of the Central Vietnam Key Economic Region This section starts with a synthesis of fundamental policies as the existing advantages to foster Danang as an urban dynamic center of the CVKER Based on that, limitations of the policies and their root cause are indicated, from which the evaluation of the policies is carried out CONCLUSION OF CHAPTER Chapter started with the analysis of natural and socio-economic conditions in Danang as an urban dynamic center of the CVKER, following which all the features of the existing policies as the